JP2598257B2 - Thermoelectric generator - Google Patents
Thermoelectric generatorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2598257B2 JP2598257B2 JP61262974A JP26297486A JP2598257B2 JP 2598257 B2 JP2598257 B2 JP 2598257B2 JP 61262974 A JP61262974 A JP 61262974A JP 26297486 A JP26297486 A JP 26297486A JP 2598257 B2 JP2598257 B2 JP 2598257B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wiring pattern
- elements
- type semiconductor
- thermoelectric
- thermoelectric generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRACIMOSEUMYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)iron Chemical compound [Si]=[Fe]=[Si] JRACIMOSEUMYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
Landscapes
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は熱電発電装置に係り、特に、複数個の熱電発
電素子の接続構造に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a thermoelectric generator, and more particularly to a connection structure of a plurality of thermoelectric generators.
［従来技術およびその問題点］ 例えば、鉄硅化物（FeSi2）に夫々マンガン（Mn）ま
たはコバルト（Co）の適性不純物を添加することによっ
て形成したＰ型半導体とＮ型半導体とを直接粉末成形接
合してなる熱電発電素子は、温度差を与えるだけで簡単
に起電力が生じるもので、優れた耐熱性，耐酸化性を呈
し安定な特性を維持できることから、熱エネルギーの有
効利用化への要求が高まっている今日、実用化が期待さ
れているデバイスである。[Prior art and its problems] For example, a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor formed by adding suitable impurities of manganese (Mn) or cobalt (Co) to iron silicide (FeSi 2 ), respectively, are directly powder-formed. The thermoelectric power generation element that is joined can easily generate electromotive force only by applying a temperature difference. It exhibits excellent heat resistance and oxidation resistance and can maintain stable characteristics. Today, with increasing demands, these devices are expected to be put to practical use.
このような熱電発電素子の起電力は、高温側であるPN
接合部と低温側である陽極側および陰極側端部との温度
差Δｔによって決まる。従って効率良く電気エネルギー
を獲得するためには、陽極側および陰極側端部の放熱性
を高めることが重要な課題となる。The electromotive force of such a thermoelectric power generation element is PN on the high temperature side.
It is determined by the temperature difference Δt between the junction and the low-temperature ends of the anode side and the cathode side. Therefore, in order to efficiently obtain electric energy, it is important to improve the heat radiation of the anode and cathode ends.
そこで、実開昭58−83168号公報および実開昭59−986
61号公報にも示されているように、熱電発電素子の端部
を金属製のケースで覆い、ケース内に接着剤等を充填し
て外部接続端子を埋設したり、また起電力を大きくした
い場合には複数個の熱電発電素子を一体的に接続して１
つのケース内に収納する等、さまざまな工夫がなされて
いる。Therefore, Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-83168 and Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No.
As shown in No. 61, we want to cover the end of the thermoelectric generator with a metal case, fill the case with adhesive or the like to embed external connection terminals, or increase the electromotive force In such a case, a plurality of thermoelectric elements
Various ideas have been devised, such as storage in one case.
しかしながら、いずれも組立て工程が複雑で、特に、
複数個の熱電発電素子を並設する場合には熱的あるいは
機械的ストレスに対する耐性は依然として十分ではな
く、接触不良を生じたりすることが多く、これが信頼性
を低下させる原因となっていた。However, the assembly process is complicated in each case.
When a plurality of thermoelectric elements are juxtaposed, the resistance to thermal or mechanical stress is still insufficient, and contact failure often occurs, which has been a cause of reducing reliability.
そこで、本発明者らは複数個の熱電発電素子を容易に
接続し、得組立てが容易であって電気的接触性が良好で
信頼性の高い熱電発電装置を提供すべく、第５図に示す
ような熱電発電装置を既に提案している。Therefore, the present inventors have shown in FIG. 5 a method for easily connecting a plurality of thermoelectric generators, providing a thermoelectric generator that is easy to obtain and assemble, has good electrical contact properties, and is highly reliable. Such a thermoelectric generator has already been proposed.
この熱電発電装置では、低温側側部の陽極側端子と陰
極側端子の先端を導電性被膜で被覆してなる複数の熱電
発電素子11と、隣接する該熱電発電素子の陽極側端子と
陰極側端子とを接続すると共に、外部接続端子を形成す
べく構成された配線パターン13を表面に被着せしめた電
気的絶縁性の放熱板と、互いに熱的に接続された上板14
および底板15とからなる放熱ケースと、前記配線パター
ン上の所定の位置に各端子が当接するように、放熱板上
に各熱電発電素子を載置した状態で前記上板と底板との
間に圧着する圧着手段とを具備している。この装置で
は、各素子間の接続が配線パターン上に載置（圧着）す
るのみで、放熱ケースへの装着と同時に行なわれ、また
常に押圧状態にあるため、素子と配線パターン間との電
気的接触性および素子と放熱ケースとの熱接触性が高め
られる。In this thermoelectric power generation device, a plurality of thermoelectric power generation elements 11 in which the tips of the anode side terminal and the cathode side terminal on the low temperature side are coated with a conductive film, and the anode side terminal and the cathode side of the adjacent thermoelectric generation element An electrically insulating heat-dissipating plate having a surface connected with a wiring pattern 13 configured to form external connection terminals and an upper plate 14 thermally connected to each other.
And a heat radiating case comprising the bottom plate 15 and the thermoelectric power generating element placed on the heat radiating plate so that each terminal abuts on a predetermined position on the wiring pattern. And crimping means for crimping. In this device, the connection between the elements is performed only by mounting (crimping) on the wiring pattern, and is performed simultaneously with the mounting to the heat radiating case, and is always in a pressed state. The contact property and the thermal contact property between the element and the heat dissipation case are improved.
しかしながら、素子数が増えると設置面積が増大し、
使用箇所によっては使用不可能となる場合もあった。However, as the number of elements increases, the installation area increases,
In some places, it could not be used.
本発明は、前記実情に鑑みてなされたもので、熱電発
電装置の小型化および長寿命化をはかり、設置面積を小
さくすることを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to reduce the size and the life of a thermoelectric generator and to reduce the installation area.
［問題点を解決するための手段］ そこで本発明では、複数個の熱電発電素子をスルーホ
ールを有すると共に両面に配線パターンを有する放熱性
の絶縁基板を各素子間に介在せしめて各素子が同一方向
となるように積層し、前記スルーホールを介して該絶縁
基板の両面の配線パターンを接続するようにすることに
より、各素子間を直列接続するようにしている。[Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, in the present invention, a plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements having through holes and a heat-radiating insulating substrate having a wiring pattern on both surfaces are interposed between the elements, so that the elements are identical. Each element is connected in series by laminating them so as to be in the same direction, and connecting the wiring patterns on both surfaces of the insulating substrate via the through holes.
［作用］ かかる構造によれば、各素子を並設した従来の構造に
比べ、積層型であるため、設置スペースが大幅に低減さ
れる。[Operation] According to such a structure, since it is a stacked type as compared with the conventional structure in which the respective elements are arranged side by side, the installation space is greatly reduced.
また、熱電発電素子を、Ｐ型端子およびＮ型端子が互
いに同一方向を向くように配列することができ、実装が
容易である。In addition, the thermoelectric power generation elements can be arranged so that the P-type terminal and the N-type terminal face in the same direction, which facilitates mounting.
ところで、Ｐ型半導体の方が酸化されにくいため、ガ
ス燃焼装置等でこのような熱電発電素子を用いる場合に
はガス炎の酸化性領域に相当する側にＰ型半導体が位置
するようにしたほうがよいが、この装置ではＰ型半導体
およびＮ型半導体が互いに同一方向を向くように配列す
ることができ、すべての素子においてガス炎の酸化性領
域側をＰ型半導体とすることができ、高性能化および長
寿命化が可能となる。By the way, since the P-type semiconductor is less likely to be oxidized, when such a thermoelectric power generation element is used in a gas combustion device or the like, it is better that the P-type semiconductor is located on the side corresponding to the oxidizing region of the gas flame. However, in this device, the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor can be arranged so as to face in the same direction, and the oxidizing region side of the gas flame can be the P-type semiconductor in all the elements. And longer life can be achieved.
さらにまた、絶縁基板を各素子間に介在させることに
より、他端側（高温部側）に適度に間隙を形成し、空気
の流通をよくすることができるが、また特にこの絶縁基
板は平行に配置されている。従って、低温部側では良好
な層流が形成されて空気の流通を良くすることができ、
極めて効率よく放熱を行うことができるため、起電力を
大きくすることができ、高性能化をはかることができ
る。Further, by interposing an insulating substrate between the elements, an appropriate gap can be formed on the other end side (high-temperature portion side) to improve the flow of air. Are located. Therefore, a good laminar flow is formed on the low-temperature portion side, and the flow of air can be improved,
Since heat can be dissipated extremely efficiently, the electromotive force can be increased and the performance can be improved.
［実施例］ 以下、本発明の実施例の熱電発電装置について図面を
参照しつつ詳細に説明する。Embodiment Hereinafter, a thermoelectric generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図は、本発明実施例の熱電発電装置の斜視図、第
２図（ａ），（ｂ），（ｃ）および（ｄ）は夫々、同装
置の上面図，正面図，側面図，および下面図、第３図
は、同装置における１素子の実装構造を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoelectric generator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 (a), (b), (c) and (d) are a top view, a front view, and a side view, respectively. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a mounting structure of one element in the device.
この熱電発電装置は、陽極側端子1aと陰極側端子1bの
少なくとも先端に導電性被膜1cを形成してなり、互いに
同一方向となるように積層せしれられた５個のＵ字形の
鉄硅化物熱電発電素子（以下熱電発電素子）１と、各素
子間に介在せしめられた放熱板２と放熱ケース（図示せ
ず）とから構成されている。This thermoelectric generator has five U-shaped iron silicides formed by forming a conductive coating 1c on at least the tips of an anode terminal 1a and a cathode terminal 1b so as to be in the same direction as each other. It comprises a thermoelectric generator (hereinafter referred to as a thermoelectric generator) 1, a radiator plate 2 interposed between the elements, and a radiator case (not shown).
そしてこの放熱板２は、アルミナセラミック基板から
なり、裏面に第１および第２電極配線パターン3,4を有
すると共に表面に第３および第４の電極配線パターン5,
6を有しており、前記第２および第３の電極配線パター
ンはスルーホール７を介して電気的に接続されている。
各電極配線パターンはタングステン（Ｗ）のメタライズ
層表面にニッケル（Ni）メッキを施してなるもので、第
１および第２の電極配線パターン3,4および第３および
第４の配線パターン5,6は夫々前記熱電発電素子の両端
子間の間隔と等間隔で配設されたストライプ状のパター
ンであり、第２の配線パターンはＬ字状に曲がってスル
ーホールに到達している。The radiator plate 2 is made of an alumina ceramic substrate, has first and second electrode wiring patterns 3 and 4 on the back surface, and has third and fourth electrode wiring patterns 5 and 4 on the front surface.
6, and the second and third electrode wiring patterns are electrically connected through through holes 7.
Each electrode wiring pattern is formed by plating a surface of a metallized layer of tungsten (W) with nickel (Ni), and includes first and second electrode wiring patterns 3 and 4 and third and fourth wiring patterns 5 and 6. Are striped patterns arranged at equal intervals between the two terminals of the thermoelectric element, and the second wiring pattern is bent in an L shape to reach the through hole.
また、一端に位置する放熱板２の第４の配線パターン
および他端に位置する放熱板２の第２の配線パターンか
らは夫々外部接続端子8,9が配設されている。External connection terminals 8 and 9 are respectively provided from the fourth wiring pattern of the heat sink 2 located at one end and the second wiring pattern of the heat sink 2 located at the other end.
このようにして形成された熱電発電装置は、各熱電発
電素子が両面で接続されているため、接合強度が高い
上、小型で設置スペースが少なくてすむという効果を有
している。The thermoelectric generator thus formed has the effect that the thermoelectric power generation elements are connected on both sides, so that the bonding strength is high, the size is small, and the installation space is small.
また、放熱板の厚さの分だけ、各熱電発電素子の高温
部（接合側端部）Ｈは互いに離間しているため火炎や高
温気体の流通が良く、均一な温度の上昇を容易に行なう
ことができる。In addition, since the high-temperature portions (joining end portions) H of the thermoelectric power generation elements are separated from each other by the thickness of the heat sink, the flow of the flame and the high-temperature gas is good, and the uniform temperature increase is easily performed. be able to.
更にまた熱電発電素子の厚さの分だけ各放熱板も互い
に離間しているため空気の流通性が良好で各素子低温部
の放熱効果を高めることができる。Further, since the heat radiating plates are separated from each other by an amount corresponding to the thickness of the thermoelectric power generating element, the air circulation is good and the heat radiating effect of the low temperature part of each element can be enhanced.
なお、実施例では、陽極側端子と陰極側端子の両方を
放熱板状の各電極配線パターンに固着するようにした
が、他の例として第４図に示す如く半田22を用いて一方
の端子例えば陰極側端子20のみを放熱板５′上の電極配
線パターンに接合し、他方の端子例えば陽極側端子21は
固着せしめることなく柔軟性のあるワイヤ23等により電
気的接続のみを行なうようにしてもよい。In the embodiment, both the anode-side terminal and the cathode-side terminal are fixed to each of the electrode wiring patterns in the form of a heat radiating plate. As another example, as shown in FIG. For example, only the cathode terminal 20 is joined to the electrode wiring pattern on the radiator plate 5 ', and the other terminal, for example, the anode terminal 21, is electrically connected only by a flexible wire 23 without being fixed. Is also good.
このような接合方法によれば、素子の熱膨張による変
形が生じるような場合にも片方の側が固着されていない
ため、熱応力を回避することができ、これにより素子や
放熱板の破壊を防止することができる。According to such a bonding method, even when deformation due to thermal expansion of the element occurs, one side is not fixed, so that thermal stress can be avoided, thereby preventing destruction of the element and the heat sink. can do.
［発明の効果］ 以上説明してきたように、本発明によれば、複数個の
熱電発電素子を、両面に配線パターンを有する放熱性の
絶縁基板を介して各素子が同一方向となるように積層
し、該配線パターンによって各素子を直列接続している
ため、小型で設置スペースを小さくすることが可能とな
る。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of thermoelectric power generation elements are stacked so that each element is in the same direction via a heat-radiating insulating substrate having a wiring pattern on both surfaces. However, since the elements are connected in series by the wiring pattern, it is possible to reduce the size and the installation space.
第１図は、本発明実施例の熱電発電装置の斜視図、第２
図（ａ），（ｂ），（ｃ）および（ｄ）は夫々、同装置
の上面図，正面図，側面図，および下面図、第３図は、
同装置における１素子の実装構造を示す図、第４図は本
発明の変形例を示す図、第５図は従来例の熱電発電装置
を示す図である。 1,11……鉄硅化物熱電発電素子、2,12……放熱板、３…
…第１の電極配線パターン、４……第２の電極配線パタ
ーン、５……第３の電極配線パターン、６……第４図の
電極配線パターン、７……スルーホール、8,9……外部
接続端子、13……配線パターン、14……上板、15……底
板。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoelectric generator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
Figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) show a top view, a front view, a side view, and a bottom view of the same device, respectively.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a mounting structure of one element in the device, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a modification of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a conventional thermoelectric generator. 1,11 ... iron silicide thermoelectric power generation element, 2,12 ... radiator plate, 3 ...
.. 1st electrode wiring pattern, 4... 2nd electrode wiring pattern, 5... 3rd electrode wiring pattern, 6... FIG. 4 electrode wiring pattern, 7. External connection terminals, 13: Wiring pattern, 14: Top plate, 15: Bottom plate.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭58−10875（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭60−71850（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実開 昭58−177958（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実公 昭37−27359（ＪＰ，Ｙ２) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-58-10875 (JP, A) JP-A-60-71850 (JP, U) JP-A-58-177958 (JP, U) 27359 (JP, Y2)
Claims (1)
でPN接合を形成するように接合せしめ、 前記Ｐ型半導体およびＮ型半導体の端部に相当するＰ側
端子とＮ側端子とが同一方向を向くように積層せしめら
れた複数個のＵ字型熱電素子と 前記各Ｕ字型熱電素子の端子側で、各素子間に介在せし
められ、両面に配線パターンを有するとともにスルーホ
ールを有する放熱性の絶縁基板とを具備してなり、 前記絶縁基板は互いに平行となるように配列され、 前記配線パターンは前記絶縁基板の表面または裏面の一
方でスルーホールを含むＬ字状に形成され、この配線パ
ターン上の所定の位置に端部がそろうように前記Ｐ側端
子およびＮ側端子を固着することにより、放熱部を構成
するとともに、前記配線パターンを介して各素子が互い
に直列に接続されるようにしたことを特徴とする熱電発
電装置。1. A P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor are joined at one end thereof to form a PN junction, and a P-side terminal and an N-side terminal corresponding to ends of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor are provided. And a plurality of U-shaped thermoelectric elements stacked so as to face in the same direction, and a terminal side of each of the U-shaped thermoelectric elements, interposed between the elements, having a wiring pattern on both surfaces and a through hole. Wherein the insulating substrates are arranged in parallel with each other, and the wiring pattern is formed in an L-shape including a through hole on one of a front surface and a back surface of the insulating substrate. By fixing the P-side terminal and the N-side terminal so that the ends are aligned at predetermined positions on the wiring pattern, a heat radiating portion is formed, and the respective elements are connected in series with each other via the wiring pattern. Thermoelectric generator, characterized in that so as to be continued.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61262974A JP2598257B2 (en) | 1986-11-05 | 1986-11-05 | Thermoelectric generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61262974A JP2598257B2 (en) | 1986-11-05 | 1986-11-05 | Thermoelectric generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63116476A JPS63116476A (en) | 1988-05-20 |
| JP2598257B2 true JP2598257B2 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
Family
ID=17383134
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61262974A Expired - Lifetime JP2598257B2 (en) | 1986-11-05 | 1986-11-05 | Thermoelectric generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2598257B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4719861B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2011-07-06 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric power generation module |
| JP2018060822A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2018-04-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Thermoelectric conversion module and mounting method therefor |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6071850U (en) * | 1983-10-18 | 1985-05-21 | 三洋電機株式会社 | gas appliances |
-
1986
- 1986-11-05 JP JP61262974A patent/JP2598257B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63116476A (en) | 1988-05-20 |
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