JP2596094B2 - Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool with excellent wear resistance - Google Patents
Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool with excellent wear resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2596094B2 JP2596094B2 JP63267572A JP26757288A JP2596094B2 JP 2596094 B2 JP2596094 B2 JP 2596094B2 JP 63267572 A JP63267572 A JP 63267572A JP 26757288 A JP26757288 A JP 26757288A JP 2596094 B2 JP2596094 B2 JP 2596094B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- whiskers
- wear resistance
- cutting tool
- vapor deposition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、特に鋼や鋳鉄などの高速切削に用いた場
合に、すぐれた耐摩耗性を示し、使用寿命の著しい延命
化を可能とするウイスカー含有の表面被覆セラミック製
切削工具に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention exhibits excellent wear resistance especially when used for high-speed cutting of steel, cast iron, etc., and enables a prolonged service life. The present invention relates to a whisker-containing surface-coated ceramic cutting tool.
従来、ウイスカー含有のセラミック製切削工具の代表
的なものとして、特開昭61−274803号公報に記載される
通りの、容量％で（以下、％は容量％を示す）、 炭化けい素（以下、SiCで示す）ウイスカー:2〜40
％、 酸化アルミニウム（以下、Al2O3で示す）および不可
避不純物：残り、 からなる組成を有するセラミックで構成されたものが知
られている。Conventionally, as a representative of whisker-containing ceramic cutting tools, silicon carbide (hereinafter, referred to as "volume%") as described in JP-A-61-274803, , Whisker: 2-40
%, Aluminum oxide (hereinafter, referred to as Al 2 O 3 ) and unavoidable impurities: the remainder is known.
しかし、上記の従来ウイスカー含有セラミック製切削
工具は、ウイスカーの含有によって強度および靭性にす
ぐれ、かつ機械的および熱的衝撃にもすぐれているの
で、乾式および湿式の断続切削や、高送りおよび高切込
みなどの重切削、さらに湿式の連続切削などにすぐれた
切削性能を発揮するが、これを特に鋼や鋳鉄の高速切削
に用いた場合には、比較的短時間で摩耗し、使用寿命に
至るのが現状である。However, the above-mentioned conventional whisker-containing ceramic cutting tools are excellent in strength and toughness due to the inclusion of whiskers, and also excellent in mechanical and thermal shock, so that dry and wet intermittent cutting, high feed and high depth of cut are performed. Demonstrates excellent cutting performance for heavy cutting, such as heavy cutting, and continuous wet cutting, but when used for high-speed cutting of steel and cast iron, it wears out in a relatively short time, resulting in a long service life. Is the current situation.
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、特に
鋼や鋳鉄の高速切削にすぐれた切削性能を発揮するセラ
ミック製切削工具を開発すべく研究を行なった結果、 （ａ） Al2O3:5〜40％、 Tiの炭化物（以下、TiCで示す）ウイスカー、窒化物
（以下、TiNで示す）ウイスカー、および炭窒化物（以
下、TiCNで示す）ウイスカーのうちの１種以上からなる
Ti炭・窒化物ウイスカー:5〜40％、 TiC,TiN、およびTiCNのうちの１種以上からなるTi炭
・窒化物および不可避不純物：残り、 からなる組成を有するセラミック基体、または、 （ｂ） Al2O3:5〜40％、 TiCウイスカー、TiNウイスカー、およびTiCNウイスカ
ーのうちの１種以上からなるTi炭・窒化物ウイスカー:5
〜40％、 Mg,Ti,Zr,Y、および希土類元素の酸化物（以下、これ
らを総称して金属酸化物という）のうちの１種以上:0.5
〜10％、 TiC,TiN、およびTiCNのうちの１種以上からなるTi炭
・窒化物および不可避不純物：残り、 からなる組成を有するセラミック基体、 上記（ａ）および（ｂ）のセラミック基体の表面に、 TiC,TiN、およびTiCN、並びにAl2O3のうちの１種の単
層または２種以上の複層からなる表面硬質層を0.1〜10
μｍの平均層厚で化学蒸着または物理蒸着してなる表面
被覆セラミック製切削工具は、上記ウイスカー含有のセ
ラミック基体の具備する高強度および高靭性、並びにす
ぐれた機械的および熱的耐衝撃性によって、乾式および
湿式の断続切削や、高送りおよび高切込みなどの重切
削、さらに湿式の連続切削は勿論のこと、特に鋼や鋳鉄
の連続切削の場合に、セラミック基体自体のもつすぐれ
た耐摩耗性と表面硬質層のもつすぐれた耐摩耗性と合ま
って、きわめてすぐれた切削性能を著しく長期に亘って
発揮するようになるという研究結果を得たのである。In view of the above, the present inventors have conducted research to develop a ceramic cutting tool exhibiting excellent cutting performance, particularly for high-speed cutting of steel or cast iron. As a result, (a) Al 2 O 3 : 5 to 40%, consisting of one or more of whiskers, carbides (hereinafter referred to as TiN) whiskers, and carbonitrides (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) whiskers of Ti
Ti-carbon / nitride whiskers: 5 to 40%, Ti-carbon / nitride composed of at least one of TiC, TiN, and TiCN and unavoidable impurities: the remainder, a ceramic substrate having a composition consisting of: or (b) Al 2 O 3 : 5 to 40%, Ti charcoal / nitride whisker composed of at least one of TiC whisker, TiN whisker, and TiCN whisker: 5
-40%, one or more of oxides of Mg, Ti, Zr, Y and rare earth elements (hereinafter collectively referred to as metal oxides): 0.5
炭 10%, Ti carbon / nitride and unavoidable impurities composed of at least one of TiC, TiN, and TiCN: the remainder, a ceramic substrate having a composition consisting of: The surface of the ceramic substrate of the above (a) and (b) A hard surface layer consisting of a single layer or a multilayer of two or more of TiC, TiN, and TiCN, and Al 2 O 3
The surface-coated ceramic cutting tool formed by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition with an average layer thickness of μm has high strength and toughness provided by the whisker-containing ceramic substrate, and excellent mechanical and thermal impact resistance. In addition to heavy cutting such as dry and wet interrupted cutting, high feed and high depth of cut, and even wet continuous cutting, especially in the continuous cutting of steel and cast iron, the excellent wear resistance of the ceramic substrate itself Research results have shown that, in combination with the excellent wear resistance of the hard surface layer, extremely excellent cutting performance can be exerted for a remarkably long period of time.
この発明は、上記研究結果にもどづいてなされたもの
であって、以下にセラミック基体の成分組成を上記の通
りに限定した理由を説明する。The present invention has been made based on the above research results, and the reason for limiting the component composition of the ceramic substrate as described above will be described below.
（ａ） Al2O3 Al2O3成分には、耐摩耗性を向上させる作用がある
が、この含有量が５％未満では所望の耐摩耗性を確保す
ることができず、一方その含有量が40％を越えると熱伝
導性が低下し、湿式切削では耐衝撃性が劣化するように
なることから、その含有量を５〜40％と定めた。(A) Al 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 has an effect of improving wear resistance. However, if the content is less than 5%, desired wear resistance cannot be secured. If the amount exceeds 40%, the thermal conductivity decreases, and the impact resistance deteriorates in wet cutting. Therefore, the content is set to 5 to 40%.
（ｂ） Ti炭・窒化物ウイスカー Ti炭・窒化物ウイスカーは、硬質で、鉄と反応しにく
い性質をもち、さらにすぐれた熱伝導性をもつことか
ら、切削工具の耐摩耗性向上に著しく寄与し、加えて通
常のウイスカー含有セラミックにおけるように、これの
含有によって強度および靭性が向上し、かつ機械的およ
び熱的に耐衝撃性が向上するようになるが、その含有量
が５％未満ではこれらの作用に所望の効果が得られず、
一方その含有量が40％を越えると、焼結性に低下傾向が
現われ、所定の性質を十分満足に具備せしめることが困
難になることから、その含有量を５〜40％と定めた。(B) Ti charcoal / nitride whiskers Ti charcoal / nitride whiskers are hard, hard to react with iron, and have excellent thermal conductivity, contributing significantly to the improvement of wear resistance of cutting tools. In addition, as in ordinary whisker-containing ceramics, its inclusion improves strength and toughness and mechanically and thermally improves impact resistance, but if its content is less than 5%, The desired effects cannot be obtained for these actions,
On the other hand, if the content exceeds 40%, the sinterability tends to decrease, and it becomes difficult to sufficiently satisfy the predetermined properties. Therefore, the content is set to 5 to 40%.
（ｃ） 金属酸化物 これらの成分は、焼結助剤として作用し、焼結性を一
層改善し、もって強度および靭性を向上させる作用があ
るので必要に応じて含有されるが、その含有量が0.5％
未満では前記作用に所望の効果が得られず、一方その含
有量が10％を越えると耐摩耗性が低下するようになるこ
とから、その含有量を0.5〜10％と定めた。(C) Metal oxide These components act as sintering aids, further improve sinterability, and thus have an effect of improving strength and toughness. Is 0.5%
If the content is less than the desired effect, the desired effect cannot be obtained. If the content exceeds 10%, the abrasion resistance is reduced. Therefore, the content is set to 0.5 to 10%.
また、この発明の表面被覆セラミック製切削工具にお
ける表面硬質層の平均層厚を0.1〜10μｍに限定したの
は、その平均層厚が0.1μｍ未満では所望の耐摩耗性向
上効果が得られず、一方その平均層厚が10μｍを越える
と、欠けやチッピングが発生し易くなるという理由によ
るものである。Further, the average thickness of the surface hard layer in the surface-coated ceramic cutting tool of the present invention is limited to 0.1 to 10 μm, the desired wear resistance improvement effect is not obtained if the average layer thickness is less than 0.1 μm, On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 10 μm, chipping and chipping tend to occur.
つぎに、この発明の表面被覆セラミック製切削工具を
実施例により具体的に説明する。Next, the surface-coated ceramic cutting tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
原料粉末として、いずれも0.5〜1.5μｍの平均粒径を
有するAl2O3粉末、Ti炭・窒化物粉末、および各種の金
属酸化物粉末、さらにいずれも0.3〜２μｍの範囲内の
平均径を有し、かつアスペクト比が５〜40のTi炭・窒化
物ウイスカーおよびSiCウイスカーを用意し、これら原
料粉末を第１表に示される配合組成に配合し、まずウイ
スカーを除く粉末をボールミルにて72時間湿式混合粉砕
した後、これにウイスカーを超音波振動を加えながら静
かに攪拌混合し、乾燥し、ついで温度:1650℃、圧力:4k
g/mm2、保持時間:1時間の条件でホットプレス焼結を施
すことによりISO規格SNMG120408に則した形状を有し、
かつ配合組成と実質的に同じ組成をもったセラミック基
体ａ〜ｌおよび従来切削チップを製造し、ついで前記セ
ラミック基体の表面に、通常の化学蒸着法を用い、第２
表に示される組成および平均層厚の表面硬質層を形成す
ることにより本発明表面被覆セラミック製切削チップ
（以下本発明被覆切削チップという）１〜12をそれぞれ
製造した。As raw material powders, Al 2 O 3 powder, Ti carbon / nitride powder, and various metal oxide powders each having an average particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm, and all of them have an average diameter in the range of 0.3 to 2 μm. A Ti coal / nitride whisker and an SiC whisker having an aspect ratio of 5 to 40 are prepared, and these raw material powders are blended into the blending composition shown in Table 1. After wet mixing and crushing, the whiskers are gently stirred and mixed while applying ultrasonic vibration to the whiskers, dried, and then heated to a temperature of 1650 ° C and a pressure of 4k.
g / mm 2 , holding time: by applying hot press sintering under the condition of 1 hour, it has a shape conforming to ISO standard SNMG120408,
In addition, ceramic substrates a to l having substantially the same composition as the compounding composition and a conventional cutting tip are manufactured. Then, the surface of the ceramic substrate is subjected to a second chemical vapor deposition method using a normal chemical vapor deposition method.
By forming a surface hard layer having the composition and the average layer thickness shown in the table, surface-coated ceramic cutting tips of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present invention coated cutting tips) 1 to 12 were produced, respectively.
ついで、この結果得られた各種の切削チップについ
て、 被削材:FC25、 切削速度:500m/min、 送り:0.45mm/rev.、 切込み:2mm、 の条件での鋳鉄の湿式連続高速切削試験、並びに、 被削材:SNCM439（硬さ:HB220）の丸棒、 切削速度:400m/min、 送り:0.3m/rev.、 切込み:1.5mm、 の条件での鋼の湿式連続高速切削試験を行ない、切刃の
逃げ面摩耗幅が0.4mmに至るまでの切削時間をそれぞれ
測定した。これらの測定結果を第２表に示した。 Next, for various cutting inserts obtained as a result, work material: FC25, cutting speed: 500 m / min, feed: 0.45 mm / rev., Cutting depth: 2 mm, wet continuous high-speed cutting test of cast iron, and, workpiece: SNCM439 (hardness: H B 220) round bar, cutting speed: 400 meters / min, feed: 0.3 m / rev, cut:. 1.5 mm wet continuous high-speed cutting test of steel under the conditions of, The cutting time was measured until the flank wear width of the cutting blade reached 0.4 mm. Table 2 shows the measurement results.
〔発明の効果〕 第1,2表に示される結果から、本発明被覆切削チップ
１〜12は、いずれも鋳鉄および鋼の高速切削において、
従来切削チップに比して、すぐれた耐摩耗性を示し、一
段と長い使用寿命を有することが明らかである。[Effects of the Invention] From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the coated cutting tips 1 to 12 of the present invention are all high-speed cutting of cast iron and steel,
It is evident that it shows superior wear resistance and has a longer service life than conventional cutting inserts.
上述のように、この発明の表面被覆セラミック製切削
工具は、Ti炭・窒化物ウイスカー含有のセラミック基体
によって、高強度および高靭性、並びにすぐれた機械的
熱的耐衝撃性を有し、さらに硬質で、鉄と反応しにくい
Ti炭・窒化物ウイスカーおよび表面硬質層の共存によっ
て、すぐれた耐摩耗性が確保されるので、特に鋼や鋳鉄
の高速切削は勿論のこと、乾式および湿式の断続切削
や、重切削、さらに湿式の連続切削などにもすぐれた切
削性能を長期に亘って発揮するのである。As described above, the surface-coated ceramic cutting tool of the present invention has high strength and high toughness, excellent mechanical and thermal shock resistance, and is harder due to the ceramic substrate containing Ti carbon / nitride whisker. Hard to react with iron
Excellent wear resistance is ensured by the coexistence of Ti charcoal / nitride whiskers and a hard surface layer, so high-speed cutting, especially of steel and cast iron, dry and wet intermittent cutting, heavy cutting, and even wet cutting It exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time, such as continuous cutting.
Claims (2)
化物ウイスカーのうちの１種以上:5〜40％、 Tiの炭化物、窒化物、および炭窒化物のうちの１種以上
および不可避不純物：残り、 からなる組成（以上容量％）を有するセラミック基体の
表面に、 Tiの炭化物、窒化物、および炭窒化物、並びに酸化アル
ミニウムのうちの１種の単層または２種以上の複層から
なる表面硬質層を0.1〜10μｍの平均層厚で化学蒸着ま
たは物理蒸着してなる、耐摩耗性のすぐれた表面被覆セ
ラミック製切削工具。1. Aluminum oxide: 5 to 40%, one or more of Ti carbide whiskers, nitride whiskers, and carbonitride whiskers: 5 to 40%, Ti carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides And at least one of unavoidable impurities: on the surface of a ceramic substrate having a composition (or more by volume) consisting of: carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of Ti; A cutting tool made of a surface-coated ceramic having excellent wear resistance, obtained by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition of a surface hard layer composed of one or more layers or two or more kinds of multilayers with an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 μm.
化物ウイスカーのうちの１種以上:5〜40％、 Mg,Ti,Zr,Y、および希土類元素の酸化物のうちの１種以
上:0.5〜10％、 Tiの炭化物、窒化物、および炭窒化物のうちの１種以上
および不可避不純物：残り、 からなる組成（以上容量％）を有するセラミック基体の
表面に、 Tiの炭化物、窒化物、および炭窒化物、並びに酸化アル
ミニウムのうちの１種の単層または２種以上の複層から
なる表面硬質層を0.1〜10μｍの平均層厚で化学蒸着ま
たは物理蒸着してなる、耐摩耗性のすぐれた表面被覆セ
ラミック製切削工具。2. Aluminum oxide: 5 to 40%, at least one of carbide whiskers, nitride whiskers, and carbonitride whiskers of Ti: 5 to 40%, Mg, Ti, Zr, Y, and rare earth elements At least one of oxides of: 0.5 to 10%, at least one of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of Ti and unavoidable impurities: the remainder, and a ceramic substrate having a composition (volume% by volume) Chemical vapor deposition of a hard surface layer consisting of a single layer or a multilayer of two or more of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of Ti, and aluminum oxide with an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 μm on the surface of Or a surface-coated ceramic cutting tool with excellent wear resistance made by physical vapor deposition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63267572A JP2596094B2 (en) | 1988-10-24 | 1988-10-24 | Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool with excellent wear resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63267572A JP2596094B2 (en) | 1988-10-24 | 1988-10-24 | Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool with excellent wear resistance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02116691A JPH02116691A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
| JP2596094B2 true JP2596094B2 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
Family
ID=17446652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63267572A Expired - Lifetime JP2596094B2 (en) | 1988-10-24 | 1988-10-24 | Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool with excellent wear resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2596094B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05220614A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-08-31 | Hitachi Tool Eng Ltd | Metal saw |
| DE69620215T2 (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2002-09-19 | Kennametal Inc | WHISKER ARMED CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL AND COMPOSITION THEREOF |
| US6204213B1 (en) | 1999-09-18 | 2001-03-20 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool and composition thereof |
| JP3726965B2 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2005-12-14 | 富士電機システムズ株式会社 | Oxygen production method and apparatus |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2604155B2 (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1997-04-30 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic tool with coating layer |
| JPH085720B2 (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1996-01-24 | 東芝タンガロイ株式会社 | Whisker-reinforced composite sintered body |
| JPS6433069A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1989-02-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Shaft shaped ceramic cutting tool |
-
1988
- 1988-10-24 JP JP63267572A patent/JP2596094B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02116691A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
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