JP2595042B2 - Facility heating method and apparatus using latent heat of steam - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for heating a facility such as a floor or a road surface and an apparatus used for the method, and uses a latent heat of steam for heating, which is highly efficient and rational. The present invention provides a method and apparatus capable of adjusting the temperature to the civil engineering and construction industries.

(Prior art)

Conventional floor heating has a hot water pipe under the floor and circulates hot water through it, or a heating cable is laid under the floor to supply electricity.However, the hot water circulation type has a small heat capacity, It is necessary to circulate a large amount of hot water at a high speed in a thick and long pipe, and the temperature decreases as it goes forward due to the hot water, and there is a difference between the temperature of the pipe near the inlet and the outlet, and the heating efficiency also increases. There was a drawback that it went down.

In addition, the electric system has the disadvantage that the running cost is expensive and the construction cost is increased due to the troublesome work of embedding the heating cable with mortar.

Furthermore, there is no one equipped with a reasonable temperature control device that adjusts the floor surface temperature by determining the cycle with a length that does not cause any inconvenience to humans and changing the ratio of the on / off time within one cycle. Was.

There are various types of snow melting on the road, such as a heat pipe method, an electric heater method, a hot water circulation method, and a sprinkling method. However, initial investment is expensive, maintenance costs are high, there is no uniform heating capability, and wastewater treatment and the like are not performed. All of them had major disadvantages such as land subsidence caused by groundwater assembly.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

As in the above-mentioned prior art, it is possible to solve the problem of high equipment cost, high running cost and low thermal efficiency, and to take advantage of the characteristics of blocks made of materials with large heat capacity, good heat conduction and easy construction. There has been a demand for the development of a floor heating device and a road surface snow melting device capable of controlling the temperature.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the invention of claim 1, a facility heating method for feeding steam into a steam pipe provided in a floor of the facility and heating the facility using latent heat of the steam. In the above, a piston formed with a through hole that allows the passage of steam into a cylinder penetrating the steam pipe is fitted so as to be driven reciprocally by a crank, and the rotation speed of the crank is adjusted and the through hole of the piston reciprocates. The gist is that the facility is heated by adjusting the steam flow by adjusting the positional relationship with the steam pipe.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a heat insulating material is laid on the upper surface of the support base, a heat reflection sheet is laid on the upper surface, and a steam pipe for transmitting steam is provided on the upper face.
A block made of a material with high heat capacity and good heat conductivity with a passage for the steam pipe is provided, the surface material of the facility is laid on the top of this block, and the amount of steam flow is The gist of the present invention is to provide a steam flow rate adjusting device for adjusting.

[Action]

With the above configuration, in the first aspect of the present invention, the latent heat can be used by passing the steam through the steam pipe. The amount of steam flow adjusts the drive speed of the crank, while adjusting the amount of overlap between the through hole and the steam pipe when the piston reciprocates. That is, the higher the driving speed of the crank, the greater the amount of transmission, and the greater the amount of overlap between the through hole and the steam pipe, the greater the amount of transmission.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the heat radiated by the steam is absorbed by the block as radiant heat on the inner surface of the block provided, and the radiant heat downward is reflected and blocked by the heat reflecting sheet to block the heat radiated downward. While blocking conduction,
Insulation prevents cold air from entering from below to maximize thermal efficiency.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which 1 is a floor heating device, 2 is a support base, a split stone 3 is laid on a wooden edge, a crushed gravel, and a mortar finish. Equally support the floor load. 4 is a heat insulating material made of expanded polystyrene, glass wool plate, wood wool plate, etc., which prevents the propagation of heat to the underground by heat conduction and measures the effective use of heat. 5 is a device that prevents radiant heat from dissipating downward and reduces moisture. It consists of asphalt sheet etc. with metal foil which does not corrode such as aluminum foil to prevent
A heat reflecting sheet laid on the upper surface of the heat insulating material 4, 6 is a steam pipe, 7 is a block made of pottery, porcelain, brick, concrete, or the like provided from above the steam pipe 6, 8 is a passage through the steam pipe 6, 9
Denotes a black inner surface of the passage 8, 10 denotes a lightening hole of the block 7, and 11 denotes an uppermost floor finishing material as a surface material. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the first embodiment.
Denotes a steam return pipe, 20 denotes a decorative side wall, 7 denotes a block having a straight passage (see FIG. 4 (b)), and 7 ′ denotes a block having a circular passage 8 (see FIG. 4 (a)). , 7 "indicate blocks without passages (see FIG. 4 (c)). FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b) and 4 (c) are plan views of the various blocks described above. Fig. 5 is a front perspective view of the block 7, 8 is a passage of the steam pipe 6, 21 is a joint groove, and Fig. 6 is a rear perspective view of the block 7. The floor finishing material 11 is an aesthetic appearance. Carpet, plastic flooring or tatami mats are considered in consideration of the feeling, touch, etc. The block 7 is made of a material having a large heat capacity, good heat conduction, abrasion resistance and impact resistance, for example, a porcelain, ceramic, brick or concrete block. The back of 7 is blackened by spraying black ink to improve the absorption of radiant heat, adhesive Apply the mixed mortar and lay it down so that there is no unevenness on the top surface. A boiler (not shown) is connected through a pipe 18 (see FIG. 3), and the other end is connected to a steam return pipe 19 (see FIG. 3).
Since the large amount of heat (latent heat) released when the steam pumped through the inside is liquefied can be sufficiently utilized, and the heat radiation at the start point and the end of the steam pipe does not change, both the start point and the end of the steam pipe 6 can be used. The temperature of the steam pipe 6 is the same. The released heat is absorbed by the block 7 from the black inner surface 9 of the passage 8 of the block 7,
The radiant heat which warms the block 7 having a large heat capacity and tries to escape under the floor is reflected and blocked by the heat reflecting sheet 5,
The conductive heat is captured by the heat insulating material 4 below the heat reflecting sheet 5 and the cool heat from below is also blocked by the heat insulating material 4, so that the thermal efficiency is further improved.

1 kg of water → steam 539 Kcal release 1 kg of water 1 ° C lower temperature 1 Kcal release FIGS. 7 and 8 are front and side sectional views, respectively, of the regulating valve of the temperature control device of the present invention. A regulating valve 23 is a cylinder provided in the middle of the steam pipe 18, 24 is a vertically slidable piston fitted in the cylinder 23, 25 is a long hole penetrated through the piston 24, 26 is a piston 24 , A guide groove provided in the T-shaped rod 26, 28 is a crank, 29 is a crankpin, and 30 is a crankshaft. The operation of the regulating valve 22 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b).
As shown in the figure, the distance L between the center line C of the steam pipe 18 penetrating through the cylinder 23 and the center line D of the crankshaft 30
₍₁ ) Even if the crank pin 29 is at the lowest position, the position of the lower end 31 of the long hole 25 is above the steam pipe 18 and the position of the lower surface 32 of the piston 24 is below the steam pipe 18. When the crank pin 29 is positioned at the highest position and the lowest position, the slot 25 does not intersect with the steam discharge pipe 18, so that the steam is cut off even when the crank 28 is rotating.
Therefore, heating is not possible.

As shown in Fig. 10 (a) and (b), steam
Distance between center line C of 18 and center line D of crankshaft 30
The L ₂ is narrower than the distance L ₁ a mating length of the long hole 25 and the steam forward pipe 18 of the piston 24 is adjusted to a desired length, it can be subtracted from the desired temperature.

Increasing the number of revolutions of the crank 28 and shortening the on-off cycle time can reduce the difference in floor surface temperature, but the cycle is determined with a length that is not inconvenient to human sensation, and the on-off Adjust the floor temperature by changing the percentage of time.

As shown in Fig. 11 (a) and (b), steam
Distance between center line C of 18 and center line D of crankshaft 30
Adjusting the L ₃ to a minimum, since mating are familiar be in any position of the steam forward pipe 18 of the slot 25, or when the steam is constantly passed, thus to rapidly increase the temperature, cold This is used when first raising the entire apparatus held for a long time to a predetermined temperature.

12 and 13 are a front sectional view and a side view, respectively, of a regulating valve of the temperature regulating device of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 33 denotes another regulating valve, and 34 is provided in the middle of the steam discharge pipe 18. An outer cylinder having a steam reservoir 35 formed therein, 36 is an inner cylinder having a through hole 37 communicating with the steam reservoir 35 inserted in the outer cylinder 34, 38 is a piston inserted in the inner cylinder 36, 39 is a piston 38 A long hole penetrated, 40 is a T-shaped rod directly connected to the upper part of the piston 38, 41 is a guide groove of the T-shaped rod 40, 28 'is a double-acting crank, 29' is a crankpin, and 30 'is a crankpin. The crankshaft L indicates the distance between the center line C of the through hole 37 of the inner cylinder 36 and the center line D of the crankshaft 30 '.

The operation of another example of the regulating valve 33 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. The difference between the center line D of the double-acting crankshafts 30 ', 30' and the center line C of the through hole 37 of the inner cylinder 36 will be described. Distance to L
And the cranks 28 ', 28' of the same diameter are positioned at the same time so that the positions of the crank pins 29 ', 29' are at the lower end.
When synchronously rotating in the directions R and R ', the piston 38 moves up and down in the inner cylinder 36. As shown in FIG. 14, the long hole 39 of the piston 38 moves up and down by one rotation of the crank 28 ', but the height of the position of the through hole 37 of the inner cylinder 36, that is, the adjustment of the distance L, adjusts the long hole 39. And the length of the intersection of the through hole 37 can be adjusted. When the through hole 37 is at the lowest position by lowering the inner cylinder 36, that is, when the distance L is the maximum,
There is no crossing, so the steam is shut off. When the inner cylinder 36 is pulled up and the through hole 37 is at the uppermost position,
When is small, the long hole 39 and the through hole 37 are always intersecting, so that they are heated to a high temperature. If the height of the inner cylinder 36 is adjusted so that the through hole 37 is at a desired position in the middle, a desired temperature can be obtained. By increasing the number of revolutions of the crank 28 ', the height difference of the floor surface temperature can be reduced, so that a temperature free of height difference that is not irrationally perceived by humans can be obtained.

The above-mentioned regulating valves 22 and 23 are used for delicate temperature control in the room or the like. However, for temperature control in factories or warehouses, normal temperature control devices using temperature sensors may be used. Many.

Therefore, in this embodiment, since the equipment is not exposed in the room due to floor heating, the room can be widely used. The operation sound is extremely quiet because a fan for air stirring and a fan for exhaust in the room are not required. Furthermore, since the inner surface of the passage of the steam pipe in the block is coated with black paint, heat can be sufficiently absorbed by the block, the radiant heat radiated by the heat reflection sheet laid on the lower surface is reflected and blocked, and Because of the laid heat insulating material, the conduction heat that propagates downward is cut off, resulting in a structure with high thermal efficiency. In addition, since the steam pipe was installed with a concrete block with a large heat capacity,
Due to temperature control, even if steam is intermittently turned on, the change in floor temperature is gentle and comfortable for the human body.

Because the length of the steam on / off cycle and the ratio of the on / off time within one cycle can be adjusted, the economical advantage of being able to adjust the optimal steam usage by reversing the blind spot of human sensation is that Extremely large.

[Embodiment 2] Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which 1 'is a floor heating device, 12 is a base stone, 13 is a base support, and 1 is a base support.
Reference numeral 4 denotes a bar, 15 denotes a sludge, 16 denotes a floor plate, 17 denotes a carpet, F denotes floor soil, and other symbols are the same as those in the first embodiment.

On the foundation stone 12 installed on the floor soil F, a gibiki 14 is placed via a foundation column 13, and
16 is laid, and heat insulating material 4, heat reflection sheet 5, steam pipe 6,
A block 7 is laid, and a carpet 17 as a surface material is laid thereon.

The second embodiment also includes the same temperature control device as the first embodiment.

Therefore, in the second embodiment, since the pipes can be piped on the floor and a block can be placed on the pipes, the construction is simple.
Inspection and repair become extremely easy. Therefore, there is an advantage that the equipment cost can be reduced.

Embodiment 3 Embodiment 3 is an embodiment in which facility heating using the latent heat of steam of the present invention is embodied in melting snow on a pavement road surface. This will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 15 to 20, the snow melting device 42 is a support block 47 of a concrete pavement block 46 laid on a crushed stone layer 45 on a base 44 of a pavement road surface 43. (See FIG. 16) or in a U-shaped groove 51 of a concrete holding case 50 buried above a crushed stone layer 45 between the base 44 and the asphalt layer 49 on the surface (see FIG. 16).
In the U-shaped groove 53 formed in the upper part of the concrete layer 52 between the crushed stone layer 45 on the base 44 and the asphalt layer 49 on the surface (see FIG. 18) (see FIG. 20), the snow melting shown in FIG. Steam inlet pipe 54 and steam return pipe 55 of device 42 and their respective inlets
The steam pipe 58 connecting the outlet 56 and the outlet 57
The condensate drainage hole 60 for discharging the condensed water is drilled in the main part of the lower surface of the steam pipe 58 (see FIG. 17). Tube 58
A check valve 61 for preventing backflow of steam near the inlet 56 of
A temperature sensor 62 for sensing the arrival of steam and the temperature is provided near the outlet 57, and an electromagnetic opening / closing valve 63 which is operated by a command from the temperature sensor 62 is provided at a base end of the steam discharge pipe 54.

The steam pipe 58 may be discharged to the outside without returning to the steam return pipe 55.

The steam pipe of the present embodiment was piped below the pavement road through a pavement block, and was controlled to an appropriate temperature by a temperature sensor, an electromagnetic on-off valve, and the like. There is a snow melting effect. Further, since the condensed water drain hole is provided on the lower surface of the steam pipe, the condensed water does not accumulate and the flow of the steam is smooth.

In addition, there is no need for snow removal work, and there is no need to worry about arranging for a shortage of husbands due to heavy snowfall and a high daily allowance. Furthermore, if a long copper tube is used, it is possible to prevent snow melting and freezing over a wide area with a single tube, and the construction is easy.

Further, since water is not sprayed on the road surface, there is no need to worry about scattering of mud and freezing of the road surface, and it is not necessary to consider a gradient when burying pipes. or,
While passing through the steam pipe, there is a steam jet from the condensate drain,
After the steam stops, the condensed water is discharged, but the heat is stored together and transferred to the lower temperature ground surface, and the snow melting effect is further increased. In addition, there is an effect that the problem of land subsidence does not occur because no groundwater is used.

Further, since the inside of the passage in the pavement block is coated with black, heat radiation can be sufficiently absorbed by the block. The pavement block is not necessarily black, but may be black. Further, instead of painting, a black seal may be attached.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described in detail above, the first aspect of the present invention has the following advantages.

Since the large latent heat of steam is used, a large amount of water can be released even with thin and short piping compared to hot water heating, and the thermal efficiency is high and the running cost is low.

Since the latent heat of the steam is used, even when the heat is released, the temperature of the tube as the heating element does not decrease, so that a uniform temperature can be maintained up to the end.

The thermal efficiency is extremely good because the large amount of heat released when the vapor liquefies can be fully utilized.

The temperature can be surely adjusted by adjusting the steam flow rate by the steam flow rate adjusting device that adjusts the driving speed of the crack and the overlap amount between the through hole of the piston and the steam pipe.

 The second aspect of the invention has the following advantages.

Because the floor heating, the equipment is not exposed in the room,
Room is usable widely.

The operation sound is extremely quiet because a fan for air stirring and a fan for exhaust in the room are not required.

Furthermore, the heat radiation can be sufficiently absorbed by the block, the radiant heat radiated by the heat reflection sheet laid on the lower surface is reflected and blocked, and the heat conduction propagated to the lower surface is blocked by the heat insulating material laid on the lower surface, so that the heat efficiency is high. It can be structured.

Further, since the steam pipe is provided by a concrete block or the like having a large heat capacity, even if the steam is frequently turned on and off for temperature adjustment, the change in the floor temperature is gentle and the human body can be comfortable.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment, and FIG. (C) is a plan view of various blocks used in the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a front perspective view of the block, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the same back surface, and FIG. 7 is a regulating valve of the present invention. 8 is a schematic sectional front view, FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional side view, FIG. 9 (a), (b), FIG. 10 (a),
(B), Figs. 11 (a) and (b) are explanatory diagrams of the operation of this regulating valve, Fig. 12 is a schematic front sectional view of another example of the regulating valve, and Fig. 13 is a schematic side view of the same. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the operation of this regulating valve, and FIG.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a main part of the snow melting apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a pavement having a snow melting apparatus on a sidewalk, FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a steam pipe, and FIG. 18 is a pavement of a roadway. FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a protective case, and FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a pavement road surface provided with another example of a snow melting device for a roadway. [Explanation of Signs of Main Parts] 1,1 ': Floor heating system 2: Support base, 3: Split stone 4: Insulation, 5: Heat reflection sheet 6: Steam pipe, 7: Block 8, Passage, 9: Black Inner surface 10: Lightening hole, 11: Floor finish material 12: Base stone, 13: Base support 14: Large pull, 15: Neda 16: Floor plate, 17: Carpet 18: Steam pipe, 19: Steam return pipe 20: 21: Joint groove 22: Adjusting valve, 23: Cylinder 24: Piston, 25: Slot 26: T-shaped rod, 27: Guide groove 28, 28 ': Crank 29, 29': Crank pin 30, 30 ' : Crankshaft 31: Lower end (of long hole 25) 32: Lower surface (of piston 24) 33: Regulating valve (another example) 34: Outer cylinder, 35: Steam reservoir 36: Inner cylinder, 37: Through hole 38: Piston , 39: long hole 40: T-shaped rod, 41: guide groove 42: snow melting device, 43: paved road surface 44: base, 45: crushed stone layer 46: pavement block, 47: support block 48: space, 49: asphalt layer 50: Protective case 51: U-shaped groove (of protective case) 52: Con Reit layer 53: U-shaped groove (of concrete layer) 54: Steam pipe, 55: Steam return pipe 56: Inlet, 57: Exit 58: Steam pipe, 59: Sand 60: Condensate drainage hole, 61: Check valve 62 : Temperature sensor, 63: solenoid on-off valve L: distance (between CD and D)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Agency reference number FI Technical display location F24D 3/14 F24D 3/14 3/16 3/16 C 15/02 15/02 C

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A facility heating method in which steam is fed into a steam pipe provided on the floor of a facility and the facility is heated by using the latent heat of the steam, wherein steam is supplied to a cylinder penetrating the steam pipe. A piston having a through hole that allows passage is fitted so as to be reciprocally driven by a crank, and steam is transmitted by adjusting the rotation speed of the crank and adjusting the positional relationship between the through hole of the reciprocating piston and the steam pipe. A facility heating method characterized in that the facility is heated by adjusting the flow rate. 2. A heat insulating material is laid on the upper surface of the support base, a heat reflection sheet is laid on the upper surface, and a steam pipe for transmitting steam is provided on the upper face. A block made of a material with a large heat capacity and good heat conduction is provided, the surface material of the facility is laid on the top of this block, and the amount of steam sent to the steam pipe is adjusted. A facility heating device comprising an adjusting device.