JP2554945B2 - Underwater buildings and their construction methods - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an underwater structure suitable for installation in deep water and the like, and a construction method thereof.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

As is well known, in countries such as Japan, where the land area is small, it is becoming difficult to obtain the land itself due to the recent concentration of urban areas in the living sphere, and warehouses and garages where people do not live inside. In the present situation, it is more indispensable to install a large-scale building such as, for example, on the seabed or waterbed in order to effectively use the land.

For this reason, conventionally, when a large-scale building such as a warehouse or a garage is installed on the seabed or waterbed, the building is not constructed by submerging it in water, but constructing this building. A method of constructing an underwater structure by the same method as that of constructing an above-ground building after only dividing a predetermined water area once, discharging the water inside it, is adopted.

However, according to this conventional construction method, it is possible to build a building of a desired scale without being affected by water during the construction period, but by partitioning the predetermined water area as described above,
Discharging the water inside it to keep it at the same level as on the ground has the problems that the location is limited to shallow water, the construction period becomes long, and the construction cost becomes enormous.

The present invention was devised in view of the present situation, and its purpose is to make the structural body a multi-stage depressurized structure, and inside the body of each stage, water is approximately 90 in correspondence with the strength of the body. % Of the structure to have a strength corresponding to the installation depth of each skeleton, the structure can be
It is as easy as building an above-ground structure, and it is possible to install a large-scale structure in a short period of time and at a significantly reduced cost, and also for multipurpose applications such as mining of seabed resources. It is intended to provide an underwater structure that can be used and a construction method thereof.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, an underwater structure has the highest vertical wall at the innermost circumference among a plurality of substantially cross-sectionally concave skeletons that are fixed to the seabed and have different vertical wall height dimensions. The skeletons are arranged, and along the outer circumference of the skeletons arranged at the innermost circumference, the skeletons having vertical walls shorter than the vertical walls of the skeletons at the innermost circumference are sequentially laminated in accordance with the water depth distance. Then, each of these skeletons is arranged below the water surface to make the inside of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference a storage space, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference is watertightly sealed, and The structure is characterized in that an inlet / outlet tower having a height such that the upper part thereof projects above the water surface is continuously provided on the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost circumference.

Further, in the present invention, as another configuration for achieving the above-mentioned object, an underwater structure is arranged such that among a plurality of skeletons having different height dimensions of the vertical wall, the skeleton having the highest vertical wall is arranged at the innermost circumference. However, the vertical wall of the body arranged on the innermost circumference is successively reduced in diameter so as to project inward at each predetermined height dimension, and the outermost circumference of the body arranged on the innermost circumference is , A frame having a substantially concave cross-section having the same height dimension as that of the frame arranged at the innermost circumference, and a frame having a substantially concave cross-section in the space formed between the outermost circumference and the innermost circumference. Are placed in close contact with each other, and each of these skeletons is arranged below the water surface to make the inside of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference a storage space, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference is watertight. In addition to being hermetically closed, an inlet / outlet tower having a height such that the upper part projects above the water surface is continuously provided on the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost periphery. And it is characterized in and.

In these cases, the height of the vertical wall of each body is set for each constant depth distance, such as 100 m or 500 m, and the bottom of each body is formed with an entrance / exit. In addition, the inside of each of the skeletons is formed into a cavity, and the inside of each of the skeletons is configured to absorb and drain water according to the water pressure by a water pressure adjusting pump.

On the other hand, in the present invention, in order to construct the underwater structure, the skeleton arranged at the outermost periphery is floated on the water surface, and then,
On the inner peripheral side of the body arranged on the outermost periphery, sequentially fit the body having a vertical wall that is taller than the vertical wall of the body arranged on the outermost periphery. While fitting a skeleton having a high vertical wall, the upper part of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference is watertightly sealed, and an entrance / exit tower is provided at the sealed ceiling part of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference. It is characterized in that they are connected in series, and each of the above-mentioned skeletons is submerged so that only the above-mentioned entrance / exit tower projects above the water surface.

In addition, in this invention, as another construction method of the underwater structure, the skeleton arranged at the outermost periphery is floated on the water surface, and then,
Inside the body arranged at the outermost periphery, the body having a tall vertical wall to the body having a short vertical wall are sequentially fitted in the inner circumferential direction, and finally, the body is arranged at the innermost periphery. The body is fitted, and the step portion formed by reducing the diameter of the body arranged at the innermost periphery is provided with the upper end of the vertical wall of each body arranged between the outermost periphery and the innermost body. Abutment is made, and the upper part of the skeleton disposed at the innermost circumference is watertightly sealed, and an inlet / outlet tower having a height protruding above the water surface is connected to the upper portion, and the inlet / outlet tower is above the water surface. It is characterized in that the respective skeletons are submerged under the water surface in a state of being projected.

In these cases, the skeleton is anchored to the bottom of the water via an anchor.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3 show an underwater structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. An underwater structure A according to this embodiment is shown.
Is a steel frame reinforced concrete structure optimal as a pressure- and water-resistant structure, and has a plurality of frames 1 to
It consists of 10.

The skeleton 1 is arranged on the outermost periphery of the underwater structure A, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 1a is set to 100 m, for example.

The skeleton 2 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 1,
It has an outer diameter that fits inside the body 1, and the height dimension of its vertical wall 2a is 200 m, which is twice the height dimension of the body 1.
Is set to

The skeleton 3 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 2,
It has an outer diameter that fits inside the body 2, and the height dimension of its vertical wall 3a is 300 m, which is three times the height dimension of the body 1.
Is set to

The skeleton 4 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 3,
It has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 3, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 4a is 400 m, which is four times the height dimension of the body 1.
Is set to

The skeleton 5 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 4,
It has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 4, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 5a thereof is five times the height dimension of the body 1 500 m
Is set to

The skeleton 6 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 5,
It has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 5, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 6a is 600 m, which is 6 times the height dimension of the body 1.
Is set to

The skeleton 7 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 6,
It has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 6, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 7a is 700 m, which is 7 times the height dimension of the body 1.
Is set to

The skeleton 8 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 7,
It has an outer diameter that fits inside the body 7, and the height dimension of its vertical wall 8a is eight times the height dimension of the body 1 800m.
Is set to

The skeleton 9 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 8,
It has an outer diameter that fits into the body 8 and the height dimension of its vertical wall 9a is 900 m, which is nine times the height dimension of the body 1.
Is set to

The skeleton body 10 is arranged on the innermost circumference of the underwater structure A, and has an outer skeleton 10a having an outer diameter fitted into the skeleton body 9.
And an inner body 1 having an outer diameter fitted into the outer body 10a.
0b and, and the height dimension of each vertical wall 10c is
It is set to 1000m, which is 10 times the height of the body 1.

Further, the upper part of the skeleton 10 is hermetically sealed in a watertight manner, and an entrance / exit tower 11 is connected to a part of its ceiling portion 10d, and from this entrance / exit tower 11 enters and exits into the inner skeleton 10b which is a storage space. It is configured to be able to.

As shown in FIG. 2, the inside of each of the bodies 1 to 10 is a cavity, and water is supplied into the cavity by a water pressure adjusting pump 12 installed in the inner body 10b. Is
It is constructed so that it can be drained. Of course, the inside of the cavity is configured so that its strength is uniform by assembling beams or the like in a grid pattern.

With this configuration, when the installation water depth of the skeleton 1 arranged at the outermost periphery is, for example, a depth of 1000 m, the water pressure acting on the skeleton 1 becomes 100 atm, and to counter this. , Put 90 kg of water in the cavity of the above-mentioned body 1,
In addition, by setting the pressure-resistant strength of the skeleton 1 to about 10 kg, the water pressure can be balanced.

For the same reason, the skeletons 2 to 10 are also configured in the same manner, but the difference from the skeleton 1 is that, for example, the height of the vertical wall is 100 m so that the ability of the pump for water supply / drainage is not impaired.
The partition wall 13 is formed for each. The partition wall 13 defines the inside of the cavity vertically, and is arranged so that the open end of the pipe P communicating with the water pressure adjusting pump 12 is present in each of the defined cavities. There is. The water sucked by the water pressure adjusting pump 12 is drained from the upper part of the inlet / outlet tower 11 to the water surface, for example. Further, the water may be supplied into the cavity by the water pressure adjusting pump 12, or the water infiltrating from the vertical wall may be stored.

At the bottom of each of the structures 1 to 10 configured as described above,
Openable and closable openings are concentrically provided, and as shown in FIG. 2, an entrance / exit chamber 15 capable of descending to the water bottom is watertightly arranged in each opening.

The entrance / exit chamber 15 is formed in multiple stages for each skeleton of each skeleton 1 to 10, and the ceiling and bottom of each entrance / exit chamber 15 are
The hatch 15a is attached in a watertight manner.

Therefore, when the underwater building A according to the present embodiment is installed on the bottom of the water, the hatches 15a are sequentially opened and closed, and the pressure is increased while descending to the entrance / exit room 15 of the body 1,
Finally, by opening the hatch 15a provided at the bottom of the skeleton 1, it is possible to directly excavate the seabed, and it is very convenient to collect the seabed resources.

Of course, the resources excavated on the seabed or the like are first carried into the entrance / exit chamber 15 of the skeleton 1, after which the hatch 15a provided at the bottom of the skeleton 1 is closed, and then the ceiling of the skeleton 1 and the skeleton 2 Open the hatch 15a provided at the bottom of the
It can be carried into the body 10b while gradually reducing the pressure.

Further, in the underwater building A having the above-described configuration, the appearance shape is formed into a substantially truncated cone, so that the installation stability is excellent.

Reference numeral 16 in FIG. 2 denotes a pump device for pumping out water, which is arranged at the bottom of the inner body 10b.

Next, an example of a case where the underwater building A configured as described above is installed on the water bottom will be described.

First, the skeleton 1 is formed by, for example, a dock, and then the skeleton 1 is towed to the installation position of the underwater structure A by a ship, and the skeleton 1 is set to a predetermined position while it is floated on the water surface. In order to prevent it from moving from its position, the above-mentioned skeleton 1 is placed at the installation position.
Are fixed by an anchor (not shown).

After the above work is completed, the worker assembles the skeleton 2 in the skeleton 1. At this time, the water pressure adjusting pump 12 is operated to gradually submerge the skeleton 1 in accordance with the progress of the assembly of the skeleton 2, so that the material can be easily supplied from the ship into the skeleton 2. can do.

After the assembly of the skeleton 2 is completed in this way, the skeletons 3 to 9 are assembled in the same procedure.

After the assembly of the skeleton 9 is completed, the outer skeleton 10a of the skeleton 10 is first assembled according to the above procedure, and after this is completed, the inner skeleton 10b is assembled. At this time, the inside of the internal body 10b, for example, when using as a warehouse, equipment required for the warehouse, for example,
The inside frame 10b is formed on multiple floors, and the necessary shelves, cranes,
Install equipment such as elevators. Of course, when it is used for other purposes, the materials and equipment necessary for the purpose are installed.

After the outer body 10a and the inner body 10b of the body 10 are assembled as described above, the upper portions of the outer body 10a and the inner body 10b are watertightly closed, and the closed ceiling portion 10d.
An entrance / exit tower (11) capable of entering and exiting inside the inner structure (10b) is formed in a part of the above.

The entrance tower 11 is configured to have a height that projects above the water surface when the underwater structure A according to this embodiment is fixed to the water bottom.

In the above embodiment, the case where the underwater building A is fixed in water by an anchor has been described as an example. However, for example, a large number of wedge bodies (not shown) are provided on the outer bottom portion of the skeleton 1 to form the wedge body. The underwater structure A may be fixed to the water bottom by inserting it into the water bottom due to the weight of the underwater structure A, or may be fixed by a known foundation work.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show an underwater structure A according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The underwater structure A according to this embodiment has a steel-framed reinforced concrete structure most suitable as a pressure-resistant and water-resistant structure. It is composed of a plurality of bodies 20 to 30.

The skeleton body 20 is formed in a substantially concave cross-section and is arranged at the outermost periphery of the underwater structure A, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 1a is set to, for example, 1000 m.

On the other hand, the skeleton 30 is arranged at the innermost circumference as shown in FIG. 4, and its vertical wall 30a is formed at the same height as the vertical wall 20a of the skeleton 20, and 30a is formed so as to gradually decrease in diameter at every 100m height. Therefore, the uppermost part of the skeleton 30 forms the widest storage space, and the lowermost part of the skeleton 30 forms the narrowest storage space.

The skeletons 21 to 29 are tightly fitted between the skeleton 20 and the skeleton 30 configured as described above.

The skeleton 21 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 20.
The vertical wall 21a has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 20, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 21a is set to 900 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to contact a step portion D ₁ formed at a position of 900 m of the body 30.

The skeleton 22 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 21,
The vertical wall 22a has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 1, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 22a is set to 800 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to abut on a step portion D ₂ formed at a position of 800 m of the skeleton 30.

The skeleton 23 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 22.
The vertical wall 23a has an outer diameter to be fitted into the body 22, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 23a is set to 700 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to abut on a step portion D ₃ formed at a position of 700 m on the body 30.

The skeleton 24 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 23,
The vertical wall 24a has an outer diameter to be fitted in the frame 23, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 24a is set to 600 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to abut on a step portion D ₄ formed at a position of 600 m on the body 30.

The skeleton 25 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 24,
The vertical wall 25a has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 24, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 25a is set to 500 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to come into contact with a step portion D ₅ formed at a position of 500 m on the body 30.

The skeleton 26 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 25,
The vertical wall 26a has an outer diameter to be fitted in the frame 25, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 26a is set to 400 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to abut on a step portion D ₆ formed at a position of 400 m of the skeleton 30.

The skeleton 27 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 26,
The vertical wall 27a has an outer diameter to be fitted in the body 26, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 27a is set to 300 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to contact a step portion D ₇ formed at a position of 300 m of the body 30.

The skeleton 28 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 27,
The vertical wall 28a has an outer diameter to be fitted into the body 27, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 28a is set to 200 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to abut on the step portion D ₈ formed at a position of 200 m of the body 30.

The skeleton 29 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the skeleton 28,
The vertical wall 28a has an outer diameter to be fitted into the body 27, and the height dimension of the vertical wall 28a is set to 100 m.
The upper end portion of is formed so as to come into contact with a step portion D ₉ formed at a position of 100 m of the skeleton 30.

As described above, by constructing the skeleton 30 of the underwater structure A, the underwater structure A can be installed even in a narrow water area.

In addition, each body 20 to 30 of the underwater structure A according to this embodiment
Since the configuration / operation and each installed facility are the same as those of the underwater structure A according to the first embodiment, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment are used in the drawings. Detailed description is omitted here.

Next, an example of a case where the underwater building A configured as described above is installed on the water bottom will be described.

First, the skeleton 20 is formed by, for example, a dock, and then the skeleton 20 is towed to the installation position of the underwater structure A by a ship, and the skeleton 20 is predetermined while the skeleton 20 is floated on the water surface. At the installation position, the frame 20 is
Are fixed by an anchor (not shown).

After the above work is completed, the skeleton body 21 is assembled in the skeleton body 20 by a worker. At this time, by operating the water pressure adjusting pump 12, by submerging the skeleton 20 to a depth such that its upper portion slightly projects above the water surface,
It can be adjusted to facilitate the supply of material from the ship into the skeleton 20.

After the assembling of the body 21 is completed in this way, the assembling of the bodies 22 to 29 is performed in the same procedure.

After the assembly of the above-mentioned body 29 is completed,
30 is assembled according to the above procedure. This allows
The steps D _{1 to} D ₉ are formed every 100 m.

After the assembly work of these bodies is completed,
The upper part of 30 is watertightly closed, and an entrance / exit tower (11) capable of entering and exiting into the skeleton (30) is formed in a part of the closed ceiling part (10d).

7 to 9 show an installation mode of the underwater structure A according to the present invention.

What is important in installing the underwater structure A of the present invention is
The installation location is underwater, and it is easily affected by water (sea) currents and wind and rain.

Therefore, when installing the underwater structure A, for example,
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a plurality of floating breakwaters B are arranged side by side in the water and near the water surface, or, as shown in FIG. It is desirable that a plurality of floating wave preventive bodies B are arranged and installed in a substantially triangular shape in a plane so that they can be guided in a direction away from A. Of course, instead of the floating wave preventive body B, for example, a well-known tetra pot or the like may be used to eliminate the influence of water (sea) current and wind and rain.

The floating wave preventive body B has a predetermined buoyancy, which has the same structure as the Japanese Patent Application No. 1-24035 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-209509) (wave-eliminating device) previously filed by the present applicant. It is formed of a plate-shaped body or a box-shaped body, and is constructed so that it can be undulated by a rope connected to one end thereof.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the underwater building A is used as a warehouse, a garage or the like has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. It can be used as a breakwater or wave-dissipating block in addition to laboratories and factories.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but various forms are possible.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the height dimension of the vertical wall of each body is 10
The case of setting to 0 m has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to set it to 100 m or less, or 100 m or more, for example, 1000 m. Of course, it can be easily installed in a place called ".

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, a new construction method that is completely different from the conventional construction method that requires foundation work can construct an underwater structure in the same procedure as when constructing a ground structure, and Since construction work can be performed on the water without being affected by the water, the construction period can be significantly shortened, the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced, and the portion protruding into the water can be reduced. Since it is only the entrance and exit tower, and the other skeleton parts are installed under the water, it is possible to minimize the effects of waves, etc., and as a result, the stability of the underwater structure after installation. Also, the structure body has a multi-stage decompression structure,
Inside the skeleton of each step, approximately 90 water is added according to the strength of the skeleton.
%, The strength corresponding to the installation depth of each skeleton can be easily maintained, and moreover, various advantages such as various applications of the underwater structure can be achieved. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a part of the underwater structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention by partially breaking it, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal enlarged sectional view showing a part of the bottom of the underwater structure by partially breaking it. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the underwater structure, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a part of the underwater structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the underwater building, and FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are plan explanatory views showing installation examples of the underwater building according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a plan explanatory view showing another example of installation of an underwater building according to the present invention. [Explanation of Codes] A ... Underwater structure 1,20 ... Frames arranged at the outermost periphery 10,30 ... Frames arranged at the innermost periphery 2 to 9,21 to 29 ... Body 11 ... Port tower 12 ... Water pressure adjustment Pump for

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A skeleton having a highest vertical wall is arranged at the innermost circumference among a plurality of skeletons having substantially concave sections having different height dimensions of the vertical wall, and along the outer circumference of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference. , The skeleton having a vertical wall that is shorter than the vertical wall of the skeleton of the innermost circumference is sequentially laminated and arranged corresponding to the water depth distance, and these skeletons are arranged below the water surface and arranged on the innermost circumference. The inside of the skeleton is used as a storage space, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost circumference is watertightly sealed, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost circumference is above the water surface. An underwater structure characterized by a series of entrance and exit towers with a protruding height. 2. A skeleton having the highest vertical wall is arranged at the innermost circumference of a plurality of skeletons having different height dimensions of the vertical wall, and the vertical wall of the skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference is set to a predetermined height. The diameters are sequentially reduced so as to project inward for each dimension, and the outermost periphery of the body arranged at the innermost circumference has a cross-sectional shape having the same height dimension as that of the body arranged at the innermost circumference. A concave skeleton is arranged, and in the space formed between the outermost circumference and the innermost circumference, a skeleton having a substantially concave cross section is arranged in close contact, and each of these skeletons is arranged below the water surface, The inside of the skeleton arranged on the inner circumference is used as a storage space, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost circumference is watertightly sealed, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost circumference, An underwater structure characterized by a series of entrance and exit towers whose upper part projects above the water surface. 3. The underwater structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height dimension of the vertical wall of each skeleton is set for each constant water depth distance. 4. The underwater structure according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein a doorway is formed at the bottom of each skeleton. 5. The structure is characterized in that the inside of each skeleton is hollow, and water is absorbed and drained in the inner space of each skeleton by a water pressure adjusting pump in accordance with the water pressure. 1
The underwater structure according to any one of paragraphs, 2 and 3. 6. A body which is placed on the outermost periphery is floated on the water surface, and then a vertical body which is taller than the vertical wall of the body which is disposed on the innermost side of the body located on the outermost periphery. The body having a wall is sequentially fitted, the innermost peripheral side is fitted with a body having the tallest vertical wall, and the upper part of the body arranged at the innermost periphery is watertightly sealed, and An underwater building characterized in that an entrance / exit tower is continuously provided on a closed ceiling portion of a skeleton arranged at the innermost circumference, and each of the above skeletons is submerged so that only the entrance / exit tower projects above the water surface. Construction method. 7. A skeleton arranged at the outermost periphery is floated on the water surface, and next, a skeleton having a tall vertical wall to a skeleton having a short vertical wall inside the skeleton arranged at the outermost periphery. The innermost body is fitted in order, and finally the body arranged at the innermost periphery is fitted, and the outermost body is arranged on the step portion formed by reducing the diameter. The upper end of the vertical wall of each skeleton arranged between the outer circumference and the innermost skeleton is brought into contact, and the upper part of the skeleton arranged on the innermost circumference is watertightly sealed, and on the water surface A method for constructing an underwater structure, characterized in that an entrance / exit tower having a height protruding to the above is continuously provided, and each of the above-mentioned skeletons is submerged under the water in a state where the entrance / exit tower is projected above the water surface. 8. The method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 6, wherein the skeleton is fixed to the bottom of the water via an anchor.