JP2526732B2 - Elevator control device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an elevator braking device, and more particularly, to an elevator braking device that elevates an elevator body such as an elevator car by a linear motor.

[Prior Art] Generally, in a conventional rope-type elevator, an elevator car is provided at one end of the rope, a counterweight is provided at the other end of the rope, and the rope is wound around a sheave of a hoist, A so-called traction type in which an elevator car and a lifting body for a counterweight are moved up and down by frictional force is adopted. However, if the elevator car is made extremely lightweight, the frictional force may be excessively reduced and the elevator cannot be driven by the traction type. Therefore, a low-press elevator that does not use a rope has been proposed. An example of this type of low-press type elevator is disclosed in JP-A-2-261789.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional low-press type elevator as described above, the elevator is operated by a linear motor. In this type of elevator, the emergency braking mechanism is extremely important, and in consideration of safety in case of emergency, the elevator car or the like can be brought to an emergency stop.

However, in order to improve the safety of the elevator, it is usually necessary to combine a large number of mechanical and electric braking mechanisms, which makes the braking device of the elevator extremely complicated.

On the other hand, as another prior art, there is a technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-233490. In this technique, an elevator car is driven by a linear motor that operates in response to a hall call or a car call, and when the elevator car reaches a serviced floor, the power supply to the linear motor is cut off. At the same time, the braking device engages with the guide rails that guide the car to make the car stationary. However, in this technology, in a linear motor type elevator, a mechanical braking device is provided in the car, and a mechanical auxiliary braking device is provided in the counter weight. This is for operating the mechanical braking device and is limited to mechanical braking. The load on the mechanical braking device is increased accordingly, and stable operation may not be expected.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an elevator braking device that can exert a stable braking force with a simple configuration and can safely perform an emergency stop of the elevator.

[Means for Solving the Problems] An elevator braking device according to the present invention includes a linear motor including a primary coil disposed in the hoistway and a secondary field magnet disposed in the elevator. A voltage type inverter device in which a switching element for driving the linear motor and a diode are connected in parallel, and a mechanical braking means for holding a guide rail arranged in the hoistway to brake the hoisting body. In the elevator braking device, the elevator is driven by the linear motor during normal operation,
When stopped, it is held stationary by the mechanical braking means, and during an emergency, the lifting body is braked by the mechanical braking means, and the switching element of the voltage-type inverter device is electrically cut off. A braking resistance is connected to the DC side of the type inverter device, and a current generated in the linear motor is supplied to the braking resistance through the diode to generate an electric braking force.

[Operation] In the elevator braking device of the present invention, a linear motor including a primary side coil disposed in the hoistway and a secondary side field disposed in the elevator body is a voltage type inverter device during normal operation. The elevator car is moved up and down by driving and controlling. Further, in an emergency, the mechanical type middle braking means, which is disposed in the hoistway and holds the guide rail to brake the movement of the elevating body when the electromagnet is deenergized, is activated, and the voltage type inverter device is also provided. The switching element is electrically cut off, a braking resistor is connected to the linear motor, and the elevator is urgently stopped by the movement of the mechanical and electrical braking force. When the elevator car stops, the voltage generated from the linear motor disappears, the electric braking force becomes zero, and the mechanical braking force holds the vehicle stationary.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of a low-press type elevator control device will be described below as an elevator control device of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an elevator by a braking device for a low-press type elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is the elevator hoistway, 2 is the hoistway 1
The elevator car 3 that moves up and down inside is a pair of guide rails laid on both left and right wall surfaces of the hoistway 1, and 4 is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the left and right side surfaces of the elevator car 2 so as to hold both guide rails 3, respectively. The installed guide rollers 6 are floors of buildings such as buildings. Reference numeral 7 denotes a primary side coil of a linear motor arranged on both left and right wall surfaces of the hoistway 1.
It is composed of four normal conduction coils 7A to 7D which are vertically separated at an intermediate position between the adjacent floors 6 and 6 and are separated front and back by the guide rail 3. Reference numeral 8 is a secondary side field of a linear motor disposed on both left and right side surfaces of the elevator car 2, and each normal conduction coil 7A of the primary side coil 7
It is composed of four permanent magnets 8A to 8D facing 7D.
The permanent magnets 8A to 8D are rare earth magnets having a thickness of about 5 mm, and their back surfaces are lined with an iron plate having a thickness of about 5 mm to form a magnetic path. 10 is a braking device attached to the elevator car 2. With respect to this braking device 10,
This will be described in the explanation of FIG.

In addition to the above, as a linear motor driving method, there is also a method in which the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor is provided on the elevator car 2 side and the secondary side field 8 is provided on the hoistway 1 side.
In this case, it is difficult to feed power to the elevator car 2, and the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor is too heavy for the normal conduction coil to obtain a desired thrust. Therefore, in this embodiment, the primary side coil 7 cannot be obtained. The coil 7 is arranged in the hoistway 1.

The secondary side field 8 of the linear motor may be simply an aluminum plate lined with an iron plate, but in an elevator driven by a linear motor, if the power supply is cut off, the elevator car Since 2 falls freely due to gravity, by adopting the linear synchronous motor system like this system, if only the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor is short-circuited, the so-called dynamic brake operates and the elevator car falls. The speed can be suppressed. That is, if the% impedance of the primary coil 7 is 5
%, The falling speed of the elevator car 2 becomes 5% of the rated speed, which is extremely safe, and the deceleration can be freely adjusted by the short circuit resistance.

By the way, the size of the permanent magnet, which is the secondary side field 8 of the linear motor, is approximately as follows. Now the rated load capacity
1500kg, basket total weight 5000kg, rated speed 300m / min, acceleration
At 0.1g (0.98m / sec / sec), the thrust is 5500kg. In addition, since the thrust of the linear motor is approximately 0.2 kg / cm ² ,
The size of the required magnet is 5500 / 0.2 = 27500 cm ² . Therefore, the permanent magnets 8A to 8D attached to the elevator car 2
The size is about 0.7m x 1.0m, which is extremely small. Further, the power supply on the primary side of the linear motor has a rated output power = 5000 kg × 5 m / sec = 250 kw and a rated input power = 250 kw / 0.85 = 300 kw at a speed of 300 m / min.

Next, a low press type elevator control device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a controller for a low-press type elevator which is an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 20 is an inverter device for driving an elevator,
21 is a VVVF device (variable voltage variable frequency control device) composed of power transistors, 22 is the primary coil 7 and VVVF
A contactor contact for connecting the device 21 and a contact 23 for short-circuiting the primary side coil 7, when braking is applied,
The bases of the transistors 32a to 32f of the VVVF device 21 are cut off to be in a cut-off state, and the electromagnet 15 of the braking device 10 is cut off.
Is de-energized and at the same time this contact 23 closes. 24 is a braking resistor. The primary side coils 7 are primary side coils 71 to 78 divided into respective sections in the middle of each floor 6, and the primary side coils 71 to 78 of each set are separately fed to control the linear motor. For example, the primary coil 71 of each section
~ 78 VVVF device 21 independently power supply, or VVVF
An increase in reactive power due to energization of the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor in a section where the elevator car 2 does not exist is reduced by appropriately switching the device 21 to supply power.

Here, the mechanical braking means of the control apparatus for the low-press type elevator, which is an embodiment of the present invention, will be described.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a mechanical braking means of a controller for a low-press type elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 10 is a braking device attached to the elevator car 2, 11 is a braking shoe disposed on the side surface 3b of the guide rail 3 so as to face each other, 12 is a lever to which the braking shoe 11 is attached, and 13 is a lever 12 Is a spring for urging the brake shoe 11 to press it against the guide rail 3 via 14, a joint shaft of the lever 12, 15 is an electromagnet, and 16 is a plunger moved by the electromagnet 15.

In the braking device 10 having this configuration, the electromagnet 15 is excited, so that the braking shoe 11 is opened against the biasing force of the spring 13. Normally, this braking device 10 is an elevator car 2
Each time the target floor 6 stops, the electromagnet 15 is deenergized to hold the elevator car 2 on the guide rail 3.

Also, an emergency stop button (not shown) provided in the elevator car 2 is operated, or the elevator car 2
The braking device 10 also operates by operating an abnormal speed detection contact inside a speed governor (not shown) provided on the lifting body. Normally, this abnormal speed detection contact operates before the speed of the lifting body abnormally increases and reaches 1.3 times the rated speed. At this time, the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor is cut off from the VVVF device 21 for driving the elevator as described above to be in a short-circuited state, braking the elevator car 2 and
The electromagnet 15 of the braking device 10 is deenergized. And the braking device
The elevator car 2 is braked by the braking force of 10. Therefore, when the emergency stop button is operated, or when an abnormality occurs and the abnormal speed detection contact operates, the elevator car 2 can be emergency stopped within a short braking distance.

Next, an inverter of the low press type elevator control device will be described.

First, the elevator device 20 for driving the current type elevator
I will describe.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an inverter device for driving a current type elevator of a control device for an elevator.

In the figure, R, S and T are three-phase AC power supplies, 31a to 31f are converter side transistors, 32a to 32f are inverter side transistors, 33a to 33f are converter side diodes, and 34
a to 34f are diodes on the inverter side, 35 is a reactor,
U, V and W are outputs of the VVVF device 21 and are connected to the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor. VVVF device 21 as shown in Fig. 4
It is called current type because the current direction of the DC circuit between the converter and the inverter is constant.

However, in the case of the current type as shown in FIG. 4, in order to connect the braking resistor 24 to the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor, the VVVF device 21 and the primary side coil of the linear motor are connected by the three-pole contactor contact 22. It is necessary to disconnect 7 from each other, and then connect the braking resistor 24 to the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor with the contactor contact 23 of three poles. Moreover, the braking resistor 24 also needs to be three-phase, and the configuration is complicated.

Therefore, a VVVF inverter as shown in Fig. 5 is adopted in order to provide an elevator control device having a simple structure.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an inverter device for driving a voltage type elevator of a controller for a low press type elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 36 is a capacitor inserted in the DC circuit,
37 is a voltage relay that operates by detecting the voltage of the DC circuit of the VVVF device 21, and 38 is its normally closed contact. In the inverter device 20 for driving the elevator, the transistors 31a to 31f and the diodes 33a to 33f on the converter side are connected in antiparallel, respectively. Also, the transistor on the inverter side
32a to 32f and diodes 34a to 34f are also connected in antiparallel, respectively. The VVVF device 21 as shown in this figure is called a voltage type.

Moreover, the braking resistor 24 is connected to the DC circuit via the unipolar contactor contact 23. And this VVVF device 21
The outputs U, V, W are connected to the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor without passing through the contactor contact 22 like the current type VVVF device 21. In FIG. 5, the primary coil 7 (71 to 78) of the linear motor is divided into floor sections, and the switching circuit is omitted.

In the voltage type inverter device 20 of this configuration, when applying the emergency braking, the transistor 32 of the VVVF device 21
The bases of a to 32f are cut off to be in a cutoff state, and the electromagnet 15 of the braking device 10 is deenergized. At the same time, contact
Although 23 is closed, the contact point 38 of the braking resistor 24 is short-circuited. The circuit of the contact 23, the braking resistor 24, and the contact 38 is connected in parallel to the capacitor 36 inserted in the DC circuit. As a result, the elevator car 2 is braked by the braking force of the braking device 10, and the regenerative electric power from the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor is consumed by the braking resistor 24 excluding the portion short-circuited at the contact 38. . The deceleration of the elevator car 2 at this time can be adjusted by the value of the braking resistor 24 excluding the portion where the contact 38 is short-circuited.

That is, in the elevator controller provided with the voltage-type elevator drive inverter device 20 of FIG. 5, the deceleration of the elevator car 2 when an emergency stop is made during traveling is the mechanical braking force of the braking device 10. Connect the primary coil 7 of the linear motor and the braking resistor 24 to the diodes 34a to 34f of the VVVF device 21.
Work together with the electric braking force generated by connecting with
It stops the elevator. For example, when the speed of the elevator car 2 is abnormally high, the generated voltage of the primary coil 7 of the linear motor increases, and as a result, the voltage on the DC side in the VVVF device 21 increases, and the voltage relay 37 is energized. The contact 38 is open. Therefore, the value of the braking resistor 24 increases and the braking force decreases. That is,
The electric braking force is reduced, the deceleration of the elevator car 2 is suppressed, and the stop shock applied to passengers is reduced. Then, when the speed of the elevator car 2 decreases, the voltage generated by the linear motor decreases, the voltage relay 37 is de-energized, the contact 38 is closed, and a part of the braking resistor 24 is short-circuited to increase the electric braking force. , Make sure to stop. When the elevator car 2 stops, the voltage generated from the linear motor disappears, the electric braking force becomes zero, and it is held stationary by the mechanical braking force.

As described above, the low-press type elevator control device of this embodiment has the primary side coil 7 disposed in the hoistway 1 and the secondary side field 8 disposed in the elevator car 2 as the elevator body. And a mechanical braking means comprising a control device 10 for braking the elevator car 2 by gripping the guide rail 3 arranged in the hoistway 1 and
During normal operation, the drive of the linear motor is allowed, and in an emergency, the bases of the transistors 32a to 32f, which are switching elements, are cut off, that is, electrically cut off.
A braking resistor 24 is connected to the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor, and the braking device 10 serves as a mechanical braking means.
And an inverter device 20 for driving a voltage type elevator for activating.

That is, during normal operation, a voltage-type elevator driving inverter device 20 drives a linear motor including a primary coil 7 disposed in the hoistway 1 and a secondary field 8 disposed in the elevator. In an emergency, the bases of the transistors 32a to 32f of the inverter device 20 for driving the elevator are cut off, the braking resistor 24 is connected to the primary side coil 7 of the linear motor, and the same is provided in the hoistway 1. The braking device 10 for holding the guide rail 3 thus held and braking the lifting body is operated.

Therefore, in the event of an emergency, the elevator can be brought to an emergency stop by the action of the mechanical and electrical braking force. Therefore, with a simple configuration, stable braking force can be exerted, and the elevator can be safely stopped in an emergency. As a result, a low-press elevator control device driven by a linear motor with high safety and reliability is obtained.

By the way, in the above embodiment, the control device for the low-press type elevator is described for convenience of description, but it is not necessarily limited to the control device for the low-press type elevator, and the control device for a normal rope-type elevator is used. Can also be applied to an elevator control device in which the braking device 10 is incorporated in the counterweight.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, in the elevator control device of the present invention, during the normal operation, the primary side coil arranged in the hoistway by the inverter and the secondary side field magnet arranged in the lifting body are provided. The elevator car is moved up and down by driving and controlling the linear motor consisting of a. Also, in an emergency, when the electromagnet is deactivated, the guide rail is gripped to operate the mechanical braking means for braking the movement of the lifting body. At the same time, the switching element of the inverter is electrically cut off, a braking resistor is connected to the linear motor, and the elevator is urgently stopped by the action of mechanical and electrical braking force. In the case of, the mechanical and electrical braking force can stop the elevator in an emergency, and stable braking force can be exerted, which is a safe and reliable linear motor. Drive is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an elevator by a low-press type elevator control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a low-press type elevator control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows mechanical braking means of a low-press type elevator control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view, FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an inverter device for driving a current type elevator, and FIG. 5 is a inverter for driving a voltage type elevator in a controller for a low-press type elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram showing a device. In the figure, 1: hoistway, 2: elevator car 3: guide rail, 7: primary side coil 7A-7D: normal conduction coil, 8: secondary side field 8A-8D: permanent magnet, 10: braking device 11: Braking shoe, 15: Electromagnet 20: Inverter device, 21: VVVF device 24: Braking resistor. In the drawings, the same reference numerals and symbols indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A linear motor comprising a primary side coil disposed in a hoistway and a secondary side field disposed in a lifting body,
A voltage type inverter device in which a switching element for driving the linear motor and a diode are connected in parallel, and a mechanical braking means for holding a guide rail arranged in the hoistway to brake the hoisting body. In the elevator control device, during normal operation, the lifting body is driven by the linear motor, when stopped, the mechanical braking means holds the stationary body, and in an emergency, the lifting body is braked by the mechanical braking means. The switching element of the voltage type inverter device is electrically cut off, and a braking resistor is connected to the DC side of the voltage type inverter device, and the current generated in the linear motor is supplied to the braking resistor through the diode. An elevator control device, characterized in that it is supplied to generate an electric braking force.