JP2024505424A - Steel wire network formed from steel wire having hexagonal loops, manufacturing device, and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) formed from steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) with hexagonal meshes (16a-d), used in particular for civil engineering purposes, preferably in the field of natural disaster protection. In particular, the steel wire mesh (54a-d) is a hexagonal wire mesh, and the steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) are connected to adjacent steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d). d), the steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) are made of high-strength steel or at least have a steel wire core made of high-strength steel. A particularly average mesh width (18a-d) of the hexagonal mesh (16a-d) and a particularly average mesh height (16a-d) of the hexagonal mesh (16a-d) measured perpendicular to the mesh width (16a-d). 20a-d) is at least 0.75, preferably at least 0.8.

Description

The present invention relates to a steel wire wire mesh according to the preamble of claim 1, a manufacturing apparatus according to the preamble of claim 13, and a manufacturing method according to claim 17.

Patent Document 1 describes a hexagonal wire mesh made of high-strength steel having a tensile strength of 1,500 N/mm ² to 1,900 N/mm ² . However, the hexagonal wire mesh described there has a special, especially elongated, mesh shape in which the ratio of mesh width to height must always be less than 0.75. According to the aforementioned patent documents, this mesh shape is typically 60 mm x 80 mm (ratio 0.75), 80 mm x 100 mm (ratio 0.8), or 100 mm x 120 mm (ratio 0.83). This is significantly different from the conventional mesh shape of hexagonal wire mesh made of tensile steel wire. However, the dimensions of these meshes are clearly specified in the European Standard (EN 10223-3:2013) for "Steel wire mesh with hexagonal mesh for civil engineering purposes". Therefore, the ratio of the width to the height of the mesh is less than 0.75, that is, the ratio of the width to the height of the mesh described in Patent Document 1 does not meet the requirements of the European standard. In the hexagonal wire mesh described in Patent Document 1, the ratio of the mesh width to the height is only 0.62. Only if the ratio of the width to the height of the mesh is 0.75 or more, the hexagonal wire mesh also complies with the standards and can be used normally for civil engineering purposes. On the other hand, in paragraph 9 of Patent Document 1, the patentee states that standard size hexagonal wire mesh cannot currently be manufactured from high-tensile steel wire, so when using high-tensile steel wire, different (smaller ) It is clearly stated that the ratio between the width and height of the mesh is absolutely necessary. In fact, because there is a demand for high-tensile hexagonal wire mesh with such dimensions in the market, the patentee of (Patent Document 1) has decided to use the patent document described in (Patent Document 1) even though it does not comply with the standard. provides and sells non-standard hexagonal wire mesh. For a long time, there has been a high demand on the market for hexagonal wire meshes that meet the requirements according to the EN 10223-3:2013 standard with respect to the shape of the mesh and its dimensions, in particular the ratio of width to height of the mesh, and at the same time have high strength. Something was shown. Despite many efforts, such hexagonal wire mesh is not known on the market at the time this document was submitted.

Polish Patent Invention No. 235814

The object of the invention is, inter alia, to provide a general steel wire mesh made of high-strength steel wire and having an improved mesh shape, in particular an improved mesh width-to-height ratio. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claims 1, 13 and 17, but advantageous implementations and further developments of the invention can be obtained from the dependent claims.

The invention is based on a steel wire mesh, in particular a hexagonal wire mesh, formed from a steel wire, with a hexagonal mesh, used in particular for civil engineering purposes, preferably in the field of protection from natural disasters, the steel wire being preferably are twisted regularly, alternating with adjacent steel wires, the steel wires are preferably regular steel wires, and the steel wires are formed of or at least consist of high-strength steel. having a core (e.g., high-strength steel wire with an overlay or coating).

The particularly average ratio calculated from the particularly average mesh width of the hexagonal mesh and the especially average mesh height of the hexagonal mesh measured perpendicular to the mesh width is at least 0.75, preferably at least 0.8. It is proposed that This advantageously provides a steel wire wire mesh formed from high-strength steel wire with particularly advantageous mesh shapes, in particular mesh shapes that are already widespread and well-proven in the non-high-strength field. It becomes possible to provide Advantageously, in this way the strength of hexagonal wire mesh, i.e., e.g. tear resistance or breakage resistance, can be significantly increased while maintaining the known and proven retention properties of hexagonal wire mesh, which depend on the size of the rock, for example. can be increased. Advantageously, as a result, existing plans and designs that have hitherto used non-high tensile hexagonal wire mesh with standard-compliant mesh sizes (e.g. slope protection gabions, coastal protection gabions, gully nets, rolling of stones, etc.) in a simple and uncomplicated way (avoiding cumbersome steps ) can be improved and/or strengthened. For example, it is advantageous to be able to use the same filler material, especially with the same particle size, in slope protection gabions, coast protection gabions, gully nets and/or stone rolling. This advantageously makes it possible to reduce costs and labor inputs. In particular, the steel wire wire mesh according to the present invention cannot be manufactured using known conventional machines or using the manufacturing apparatus described in Patent Document 1. Therefore, the further modifications and/or method steps described herein are essential to the production of steel wire mesh according to the invention.

In particular, the hexagonal mesh has an at least substantially symmetrical hexagonal shape. In particular, the hexagonal mesh has a slightly elongated honeycomb shape in each case. In particular, the hexagonal mesh forms a gap-free mosaic in the wire mesh plane of the steel wire wire mesh. "Civil engineering purposes" are to be understood as, in particular, purposes that include plans, implementation and/or changes to be made to a construction. Examples of applications in protection against natural disasters include not only the aforementioned gabions, such as slope protection gabions, stone rolling, coastal protection gabions, or gully nets, but also terrain-spanning sections and reservoir fencing, etc.

In particular, for example, the ratio of the average mesh width to the height, the average mesh width, the average mesh height, the average length of the twisted area of the steel wire wire mesh defining the hexagonal mesh, the average length of the twist, the hexagonal mesh the average inlet curvature of the steel wire at the transition from at least a substantially straight section of the steel wire that defines the hexagonal mesh to the stranded region of the steel wire that defines the hexagonal mesh; The average value of a parameter, such as the average exit curvature of the steel wire at the transition to another part of the wire that is at least substantially straight, and/or the average opening angle of the hexagonal mesh, is determined by the average value of some of the steel wire meshes with the parameters The meshes obtained from the average value of the meshes, in particular of at least 3 meshes, preferably of at least 5 meshes, preferentially of at least 7 meshes, particularly preferably of at least 10 meshes, and used to obtain the average value are: Preferably, they are not directly adjacent to each other.

"Mesh width" means in particular the distance between two stranded regions of a steel wire wire mesh defining a hexagonal mesh, these regions extending at least substantially parallel to each other and opposite sides of the hexagonal mesh Located in "Mesh height" means, in particular, the distance between two corners of the hexagonal mesh of the steel wire mesh, which are located opposite each other in a direction parallel to the main extension direction of the twisted region. In particular, the twisting of the two steel wires defining the hexagonal mesh begins and/or ends at the corner of the hexagonal mesh between which the mesh height is measured. In particular, the mesh width of the hexagonal mesh of the steel wire wire mesh is smaller than the mesh height of the hexagonal mesh of the steel wire wire mesh. The "principal direction of extension" of an object is to be understood in particular in this specification as the direction extending parallel to the longest edge of the smallest geometrical rectangular parallelepiped completely surrounding the object. It is.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the high-strength steel of the steel wire has a tensile strength of at least 1,560 N/mm ² , preferably at least 1,700 N/mm ² and preferentially at least 1,950 N/mm ² . This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly high stability of steel wire mesh and/or structures formed from/using steel wire mesh. Advantageously, in this way a particularly advantageous protection, for example against natural disasters, can be achieved.

For example, if the high-strength steel of the steel wire has a tensile strength of up to 2,150 N/mm ² at the same time, then advantageously the brittleness of the steel wire of the steel wire wire mesh, which increases with the increase in tensile strength, can be reduced to a lower level. can be maintained. Experiments have shown, in particular, that steel wires with a specially selected narrow range of tensile strength from 1,700 N/mm ² to 2,150 N/mm ² , preferably from 1,950 N/mm ² to 2,150 N/mm ² It has been shown that it is possible, advantageously, to bring about a particularly favorable balance between particularly high stability and at the same time limited brittleness when using . Such a balance is particularly advantageous when steel wire gauze is utilized in the formation of gabions of all types. For example, this allows a particularly high filling capacity of the gabion, and thus a particularly large and stable structure, and at the same time a particularly high breaking resistance in the event of an event such as, for example, a rockfall, in which a stone falls into the gabion.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the length, in particular the average length, of the twisting regions defining the hexagonal mesh is in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 35% and preferentially at least 40% of the average mesh height. ing. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly high stability of the steel wire mesh. Advantageously, in this way the winding curvature in the twisting region of the hexagonal mesh can be maintained in a range where the risk of breakage of the high-strength steel wires used is equally low (medium).

Furthermore, it is proposed that the length, in particular the average length, of the strand regions defining the hexagonal mesh is in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 55% and preferentially at least 60% of the average mesh width. There is. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly high stability of the steel wire mesh.

It is also proposed that the length of the twist, in particular the average length, within the twist region defining the hexagonal network is less than 1.1 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, and that the diameter of the steel wire is preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm. has been done. This advantageously allows the inlet curvature of the transition from the untwisted region to the twisted region and/or the exit curvature of the transition from the twisted region to the untwisted region defining the hexagonal mesh to be less large. It becomes possible to maintain the mesh height within a desired range. Advantageously, in this way a particularly favorable balance between material-friendly winding curvature and material-friendly entrance and exit curvatures can be achieved, in particular in conjunction with the aforementioned minimum length of the twisting region, thus making it possible to achieve A high level of overall stability and/or overall break resistance of the wire mesh is possible.

Preferably, the particularly average entrance curvature of the steel wire at the transition from the at least substantially straight section of the steel wire defining the hexagonal network to the twisted region of the steel wire defining the hexagonal network is such that the inlet curvature of the steel wire defining the hexagonal network At least substantially equal to the particularly average exit curvature of the steel wire at the transition from the twisted region of the wire to another at least substantially straight section of the steel wire defining the hexagonal network. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a particularly high degree of symmetry of the hexagonal mesh, so that at least two of the steel wire meshes are advantageously located opposite each other along the mesh height. In the tensile direction, preferably in all directions of the wire mesh, it allows a particularly uniform load-bearing capacity. In this way, it is advantageously possible to prevent installation errors, for example the installation of an asymmetrical steel wire mesh that is reversed by 180 degrees. "Substantially equal" in this context means that the deviation of the radius of curvature of the curvatures is in particular less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, advantageously less than 10%, preferentially less than 5%, especially preferentially means less than 2.5%. Preferably, at the transition from the at least substantially straight section of the steel wire defining the hexagonal network to the stranded region of the steel wire that defines the hexagonal network, the steel wire extends from the stranded region of the steel wire that defines the hexagonal network. bending to an extent at least substantially equal to the transition to another at least substantially straight portion of the steel wire defining the hexagonal network; "Bending to at least a substantially equal degree" means, in particular, in this context that the visible bending of the steel wire mesh when viewed from above is less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, advantageously less than 10% at the transition. %, preferably less than 5%, particularly preferably less than 2.5%.

In addition, it is proposed that the strand regions defining the hexagonal network comprise four or more consecutive strands, in particular having the same direction. This makes it possible in particular to achieve high stability of the steel wire mesh. Advantageously, it is furthermore possible to reduce the probability that the twist in the twisted region will fully untwist if the steel wire breaks in the twisted region. Preferably, the strand region defining the hexagonal network comprises at least 5 or at least 7 consecutive strands, preferably having the same direction. A "twist" is, in particular, a 180 degree winding of one steel wire with an adjacent steel wire. Preferably, the two steel wires are wound around each other by 180 degrees, and the tight helical winding of the two steel wires around each other is to be understood as a twist. In the case of three consecutive twists, each steel wire is wrapped by the other steel wire by 540 degrees (5 turns: 900 degrees, 7 turns: 1260 degrees).

Advantageously, the opening angle of at least one of the hexagonal meshes, preferably extending in the longitudinal direction to the hexagonal mesh, is at least 70 degrees, preferably at least 80 degrees, preferentially at least 90 degrees. , allowing a high degree of stability while maintaining the advantageous 0.75 mesh width to height ratio. Advantageously, advantageous mesh width-to-height ratios of 0.75 or more can be achieved with a twisting region of sufficient length at the same time, so that breaks in the steel wire are avoided. The opening angle extending over the hexagonal mesh in the longitudinal direction is, in particular, the angle in the corner (untwisted) steel wires where two steel wires that together define the hexagonal mesh (full circumference) meet or separate. In particular, the hexagonal mesh has two opening angles that span the hexagonal mesh in the longitudinal direction. In particular, the two opening angles extending over the hexagonal mesh in the longitudinal direction are at least 70 degrees, preferably at least 80 degrees and preferentially at least 90 degrees. In particular, the two opening angles extending over the hexagonal mesh in the longitudinal direction are at least substantially equal. "Substantially equal" in particular means in this context that the opening angles coincide in magnitude with a maximum deviation of 8 degrees, preferably 6 degrees, advantageously 4 degrees, preferentially 2 degrees. means. The longitudinal direction of the hexagonal mesh runs in particular parallel to the main direction of extension of the hexagonal mesh.

It is therefore advantageous if the in particular central opening angles of the oppositely located hexagonal meshes extending over the hexagonal mesh in the longitudinal direction differ from each other by at most 8 degrees, preferably at most 6 degrees and preferentially at most 4 degrees. In particular, a high level of symmetry of the steel wire mesh, in particular the hexagonal mesh, is achievable, so that advantageously at least two of the steel wire meshes located opposite each other along the mesh height are advantageously It is possible to obtain an equal load-bearing capacity in the tensile direction, preferably in all directions of the steel wire mesh.

If the hexagonal mesh has a particularly average mesh width of about 60 mm, about 80 mm or about 100 mm, it is advantageously possible to achieve a high and rapid adoption of steel wire wire mesh in planning and construction projects. . Advantageously, in this way a simple reinforcement of already planned or designed structures is possible, in particular with a particularly simple re-planning. In particular, the hexagonal mesh has a mesh size and/or a mesh shape according to the EN 10223-3:2013 standard. In particular, the steel wire herein has a diameter of 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or a value between 2 mm and 4 mm.

Furthermore, it is possible to maintain a particularly high corrosion resistance if the high-strength steel of the steel wire is made of a stainless steel grade or at least has a sheath formed of a stainless steel grade, thus containing a steel wire wire mesh. A particularly long service life of the structure is made possible. Customers tend to request a service life of 100 years or more, which is theoretically achievable by using stainless steel. In particular, the steel wire is made of stainless steel with material numbers 1.4001 to 1.4462 according to the DIN EN 10027-2:2015-07 standard, for example DIN EN 10027-2:2015-07 material numbers 1.4301, 1. 4571, 1.4401, 1.4404, or 1.4462.

Alternatively, if the steel wire has an anti-corrosion coating or an anti-corrosion overlay, advantageously it is possible to achieve high corrosion resistance with a long service life and to keep costs low compared to stainless steel wire. In particular, the anti-corrosion coating is implemented as a galvanizing, a ZnAl coating, a ZnAlMg coating or an equivalent metal anti-corrosion coating. In particular, the anti-corrosion overlay is implemented as a non-metallic overlay circumferentially surrounding the steel wire, for example as a plastic film (for example PVC) or a graphene film.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the anti-corrosion coating is implemented as at least a class B anti-corrosion coating according to the DIN EN 10244-2:2001-07 standard, preferably as a class A anti-corrosion coating according to the DIN EN 10244-2:2001-07 standard. There is. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly high corrosion resistance and therefore a long service life. Preferably, not only the starting material, ie the unbent steel wire, but also the finished steel wire mesh has a class B or class A anti-corrosion coating. In particular, when tested according to the alternating weather resistance test (Klimawechselprufung (u followed by r with an umlaut)), at least a part of the steel wire mesh with the anti-corrosion layer is tested for more than 1,680 hours, preferably for more than 2,016 hours. , advantageously has a corrosion resistance of more than 2,520 hours, preferentially more than 3,024 hours, particularly preferentially more than 3,528 hours. "Alternating weathering test" means, in particular, a corrosion resistance test of corrosion protection, in particular of a corrosion protection layer, preferably according to the specifications given in the VDA [German Automatic Industry Association] recommendation VDA233-102, in which the providing for a period of time to atomize and/or spray the at least one specimen with a salt water atomizer and/or for at least a sub-period to expose the specimen to a temperature change from room temperature to sub-zero temperature. By varying the temperature, relative humidity, and/or salt concentration to which the test specimen is exposed, it is advantageously possible to improve the reliability of the test method. In particular, the test conditions can be adapted to approximate the actual conditions to which wire mesh equipment is exposed, especially when used in the field. The test specimen is preferably embodied as a sub-section of a steel wire that is at least substantially identical to the steel wire of the wire mesh device, preferentially as a sub-section of the steel wire of the wire mesh device. The alternating resistance test is preferably carried out according to the conventional surrounding conditions for alternating resistance tests, which are known to the person skilled in the art and in particular as described in VDA Recommendation 233-102 of June 30, 2013. There is. The alternating resistance test is preferably carried out in a laboratory. The conditions in the test chamber during the alternating resistance test are particularly strictly controlled. In particular, alternating weather tests require strict specifications regarding temperature profile, relative humidity, and duration of salt fogging to be followed. The test cycle of the alternating resistance test is specifically divided into seven cycle sections. In particular, the test cycle for the alternating resistance test takes one week. One cycle section especially takes one day. The test cycle consists of three different test subcycles. Test subcycles carry out cycle sections. The three test subcycles consist of at least one cycle A, at least one cycle B, and/or at least one cycle C. During a test cycle, test subcycles are performed sequentially in the following order: cycle B, cycle A, cycle C, cycle A, cycle B, cycle B, cycle A.

In particular, cycle A includes a salt fogging stage. In the salt fogging stage, salt water mist is sprayed specifically into the test chamber. In particular, the saline solution sprayed during cycle A is here particularly carried out as a solution of sodium chloride in distilled water, preferably boiled before the preparation of the solution, preferentially at (25±2) °C. It has an electrical conductivity of up to 20 μS/cm and a mass concentration in the range of (10±1) g/l. The test chamber, in particular for alternating resistance tests, has an internal volume of at least 0.4 m ³ . During the process, especially in the test chamber, the internal volume is uniformly filled with salt water mist. The upper part of the test chamber is preferably implemented in such a way that droplets formed on the surface cannot fall onto the test specimen. Advantageously, the temperature during the spraying of the salt atomizer is in particular (35±0.5)° C. in the test chamber, this temperature being preferably measured at a distance of at least 100 mm from the wall of the test chamber.

Cycle B in particular includes a working phase during which the temperature is maintained at room temperature (25° C.) and the relative humidity is maintained at a typical indoor relative air humidity (70%). Particularly during the working phase, the test chamber can be opened and the test specimens can be evaluated and/or checked.

Cycle C specifically includes a freezing phase. Particularly during the freezing phase, the temperature of the test chamber is maintained at a value below 0°C, preferably -15°C.
"Corrosion resistance" in particular as the durability of a material during a corrosion test, in particular an alternating weather test in which the functionality of the specimen is maintained, and/or Preferably, it is to be understood as the period during which the corrosion parameters of the specimen are below the threshold during the alternating weathering test. "Function is maintained" is to be understood as, in particular, the material properties of the specimen that are relevant to the functionality of the wire mesh, such as fracture resistance and/or brittleness, are maintained substantially unchanged. . "Material properties remain substantially unchanged" means, in particular, that changes in material parameters and/or material properties are less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, relative to their initial values before the corrosion test; It should be understood that it is preferentially less than 3% and particularly preferentially less than 1%. Preferably, the corrosion parameters are carried out as a percentage of the total surface of the specimen where dark brown rust (DBR) is particularly visually discernible. The corrosion parameter threshold is preferably 5%. Corrosion resistance is therefore preferably such that dark brown rust (DBR) is visually discernible on the entire surface of the specimen, especially on 5% of the total surface of the specimen exposed to salt spray in the alternating weathering test. Indicates the time interval until. Preferentially, the corrosion resistance is the time from the start of the alternating weathering test until a DBR of 5% occurs on the surface of the specimen.

In particular, the method of manufacturing the anti-corrosion coated steel wire wire mesh used is such that the resulting steel wire has high tensile strength and high breaking resistance despite the thick anti-corrosion layer, and in particular, the resulting steel wire wire mesh has a high resistance to breakage. It has already been specially adapted to withstand the steel wire mesh manufacturing process without the corrosion protection layer remaining intact. For this purpose, for example, the coating temperature is specifically selected so that further embrittlement of the coated high-strength steel wire can be kept low. For this purpose, for example in galvanizing, the temperature of the coating bath is kept especially lower than usual. In particular, the temperature of the coating bath herein is maintained at each process step below 440°C, preferably below 435°C, advantageously below 430°C, preferentially below 425°C. At the same time, the coating temperature of the coating bath herein is maintained above 421°C. In particular, this requires wide-range temperature control of the coating bath. In particular, the additional leakage of carbon from the high-strength steel wire during the coating process is considered, which affects the brittleness and strength of the steel wire. Furthermore, the method for producing steel wire wire meshes from coated steel wires is preferably specially adapted in such a way that breaking of the steel wires or damage to the anticorrosion layer during weaving of the hexagonal mesh is prevented as much as possible. For this purpose, in particular, the twisting speed at which adjacent steel wires are twisted is slowed compared to conventional manufacturing processes. In particular, the twisting speed is at least 0.5 seconds per (180 degree) twist, preferably at least 0.75 seconds per (180 degree) twist, preferentially at least 1 second per (180 degree) twist.

For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 2 mm with a class B anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 115 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 3 mm with a class B anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 135 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 4 mm with a class B anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 135 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 5 mm with a class B anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 150 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 2 mm with a class A anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 205 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 3 mm with a class A anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 255 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 4 mm with a class A anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 275 g/m ² . For steel wires with a wire diameter of approximately 5 mm with a class A anti-corrosion coating, the areal density of the anti-corrosion layer is at least 280 g/m ² .

In particular, the steel wire used and the anti-corrosion layer applied on the steel wire withstood N twists of the steel wire without damage, in particular without breaking, in at least one test, N , if truncation is applied, can be determined as B × R ^−0.5・d ^−0.5 , where d is the diameter of the steel wire (mm) and R is the tensile strength of the steel wire (N×mm ⁻² ) and B is at least 960 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 , preferably at least 1,050 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 , advantageously at least 1,200 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 , preferentially at least 1,500 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 and particularly preferentially at least 2,000 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 . In particular, the torsion test is carried out according to the requirements of the DIN EN 10218-1:2012-03 and DIN EN 10264-2:2012-03 standards. This results in a significantly more rigorous and more specific test with respect to load-bearing capacity, in particular compared to the torsional tests according to the DIN EN 10218-1:2012-03 and DIN EN 10264-2:2012-03 standards. This makes it possible to provide a process for selecting steel wires. "Twisting" means in particular twisting the clamped steel wire about its longitudinal axis.

In particular, the steel wires used and the anticorrosion layer applied on the steel wires preferably have a maximum of 8 d, preferably 6 d or less, without damage, especially without breaking, in at least one test. withstands M bending of the steel wire back and forth at least 90 degrees in opposite directions around at least one bending cylinder with a diameter of at most 4 d, particularly preferably 2 d or less, where M is where truncation is applied; , C×R ^−0.5 ×d ^−0.5 , where d is the diameter of the steel wire (mm), R is the tensile strength of the steel wire (Nmm ⁻² ), C is at least 350 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 , preferably at least 600 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 , advantageously at least 850 N ^0.5 mm ^−0.5 , preferentially at least 1,000 N ^{0 .5} mm ^-0.5 , particularly preferably a factor of at least 1,300 N ^0.5 mm ^-0.5 . In particular, the reverse bending test is carried out according to the DIN EN 10218-1:2012-03 and DIN EN 10264-2:2012-03 standards. This allows, in particular, a suitable test that is considerably more rigorous and/or more specific with respect to load-bearing capacity than the reverse bending test according to the DIN EN 10218-1:2012-03 and DIN EN 10264-2:2012-03 standards. This makes it possible to provide a process for selecting steel wires. In reverse bending, the steel wire is preferably bent around two oppositely located bending cylinders which are similarly implemented.

In addition to this, at least two small pieces of steel wire are formed in a helical winding around each other comprising at least N+1 twists, preferably N+2 twists and preferentially N+4 twists, in particular in the test. It is proposed to withstand without breaking, where N is the number of twists (if truncation is applied) of the steel wire defining the hexagonal mesh on both sides. This advantageously makes it possible to guarantee a high breaking resistance of the steel wire mesh, especially in the event of an event that initiates further deformation of the steel wire mesh. Furthermore, it is advantageous to ensure that the steel wire used for the production of steel wire wire mesh does not break during the production process, in particular during twisting, so that production stoppages and/or damage to production equipment do not occur. It is possible. Furthermore, it is advantageously possible to make it possible to realize the excessive bending of the steel wire used, which is necessary for the production of steel wire wire meshes with an advantageous mesh width to height ratio of at least 0.75. , thus essentially making it possible to produce a steel wire mesh with an advantageous mesh width to height ratio of at least 0.75.

Furthermore, a production device is proposed for weaving a steel wire mesh, in particular a hexagonal wire mesh, with a hexagonal mesh from a steel wire containing high-strength steel, which production device comprises a steel wire wire guided on each opposite side of the steel at least one array of twisting units for alternating twisting with the wire; and at least one array of twisting units supported downstream of the twisting units for engaging the newly woven hexagonal mesh to push or pull the steel wire mesh forward. at least one rotating roller having a dog on the sheath surface configured to Compared to the hexagonal mesh, the mesh width of the hexagonal mesh is excessively stretched. Advantageously, the production of steel wire mesh from high-strength steel wire with an improved mesh shape, in particular a standard-compliant mesh width-to-height ratio, is made possible in this way. In particular, the twisting unit is configured to form a twisting region that partially defines a hexagonal network. In particular, each twisting unit comprises two half-shell twisting elements, each of which guides a steel wire, which for twisting is wound alternately around a common rotational axis and around two separate rotational axes; Each of the half-shells, especially when wound separately from each other, is combined with the half-shell of an adjacent twisting unit. In particular, the axis of rotation of the rotating roller is oriented at least substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the twisting unit. The fact that the twisting unit is configured to "over-rotate" the steel wire means that, in particular, the angle of rotation imparted by the twisting unit during the twisting process affects the twisting area that defines the hexagonal mesh of the finished steel wire wire mesh. should be understood as being greater than the total rotation angle of . The fact that the rotating rollers are configured to "overstretch" the mesh width of the hexagonal mesh means that the mesh width formed in the steel wire mesh by the rotating rollers, especially by the dogs of the rotating rollers, It should be understood that it is larger than the mesh width of the hexagonal mesh of the wire wire mesh. "Configured" particularly means specially designed and/or equipped. That an object is configured for a particular function is to be understood in particular that the object performs and/or performs said particular function in at least one application and/or operating state.

Herein, excessive rotation of the stranded steel wires and/or excessive stretching of the hexagonal mesh is used to compensate for the repulsion of the high-strength steel wires, which are substantially more elastic compared to non-high-strength steels. Advantageously, the steel wire from high-strength steel wire has an improved mesh shape, in particular a mesh width-to-height ratio in compliance with standards, which was not possible with conventional methods. It becomes possible to manufacture wire mesh. In particular, the dimensions of the over-twisting/twisting are selected in such a way that the repulsion effects depending on the material of the respective steel wire used, the tensile strength and the thickness of the steel wire are compensated as completely as possible.

In this connection, it is proposed that the twisting unit is configured to twist the steel wires together at least M times, M being obtained by the formula M=U+0.5×G, where U is greater than or equal to 3. G is an odd integer number, preferably corresponding to the number of strands in the strand area of the finished steel wire mesh defining the hexagonal mesh, and G is any real number from 1 to 3. As a result, a sufficient compensation of the repulsion effect of high-strength steel wires, in particular with a thickness of 2 mm to 4 mm, can advantageously be achieved. Preferably, G is 1.5 or more, preferably 2 or more.

In a further aspect of the invention, alone or in combination with at least one, especially in combination with one of the remaining aspects of the invention, especially in combination with any number of the remaining aspects of the invention, the manufacturing apparatus comprises rotating integrated into the roller, supported downstream of the rotating roller, or arranged separately from the rotating roller, and extending the finished steel wire mesh, especially hexagonal wire mesh, at least in the direction parallel to the mesh width, preferably at least 30 %, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 55%. In particular, the stretching unit is configured to simultaneously grip and stretch several meshes of the steel wire wire mesh that are arranged behind each other in a direction extending parallel to the mesh width or spaced apart from each other. It is configured. Preferably, at least a majority of all hexagonal meshes of the wire mesh are directly stretched. The term "directly stretched" is to be understood in particular to mean that the stretching unit directly contacts the meshes and stretches these meshes independently of the stretching of other meshes. "Majority" means in particular 10%, preferably 20%, advantageously 30%, particularly advantageously 50%, preferentially 66% and particularly preferentially 85%.

Furthermore, a manufacturing method has been proposed for knitting a steel wire mesh, in particular a hexagonal wire mesh, with a hexagonal mesh, in particular using a manufacturing device. Thereby, it is advantageous to provide a steel wire wire mesh made of high-strength steel wire, which has a particularly advantageous mesh shape, which is already widely used and well-proven, especially in the non-high-strength field. becomes possible.

During the manufacture of the steel wire wire mesh, if the steel wire is rotated too much in the twisting region of the steel wire wire mesh and/or the hexagonal mesh is stretched too much in the direction parallel to the mesh width, this may result in an advantageous In particular, it is possible to produce steel wire mesh from high-strength steel wires with improved mesh shapes, in particular with standard-compliant mesh width-to-height ratios, which could not be achieved with hitherto known methods. Make it.

The steel wire wire mesh according to the invention, the manufacturing apparatus according to the invention, and the manufacturing method according to the invention are not limited herein to the above-mentioned applications and implementations. In particular, in order to realize the functions described herein, the steel wire mesh according to the invention, the manufacturing apparatus according to the invention and the manufacturing method according to the invention may be used in several different numbers than those given herein. May include separate elements, components, and units.

Further advantages will become apparent from the description of the figures below. The drawings illustrate four exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings, description, and claims contain features that may be combined. Those skilled in the art will deliberately consider the features individually and will find further advantageous combinations.

1 is a diagram illustrating a portion of a steel wire wire mesh with a hexagonal mesh according to the prior art; FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a steel wire mesh with hexagonal mesh according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steel wire of a steel wire mesh with an anti-corrosion overlay; FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steel wire of a steel wire wire mesh with an anticorrosive coating; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test device for carrying out a torsion test; FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a manufacturing device for knitting a steel wire mesh with hexagonal mesh; FIG. FIG. 3 is a further schematic representation of the manufacturing device in a perspective view; 1 is a schematic partial sectional detail view of a part of a manufacturing device comprising rotating rollers and a twisting unit; FIG. 1 is a schematic partial sectional detail view of a part of a manufacturing device with an alternative rotating roller; FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a manufacturing method for knitting a steel wire wire mesh with hexagonal mesh; 1 is a schematic plan view of an alternative steel wire mesh according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steel wire of a further alternative steel wire wire mesh according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steel wire of an additional further alternative steel wire wire mesh according to the present invention;

FIG. 1 shows a prior art system currently manufactured and sold by the applicant's company (Nector Sp.zo.o., Krakow, Poland) of US Pat. A portion of a steel wire mesh 254 with a hexagonal mesh 216 is shown. Steel wire mesh 254 is manufactured from steel wires 210, 212, 214 formed from high strength steel. The steel wire mesh 254 has a mesh width 218 and a mesh height 220. The mesh width to height ratio of the prior art steel wire mesh 254 is significantly smaller than 0.75. The mesh width to height ratio of the prior art steel wire mesh 254 is about 0.5.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a steel wire mesh 54a according to the invention. The steel wire mesh 54a is configured to be used for civil engineering purposes. The steel wire mesh 54a is configured to be used in the field of natural disaster protection. The steel wire mesh 54a is implemented as a hexagonal wire mesh. The steel wire mesh 54a includes a hexagonal mesh 16a. The steel wire mesh 54a is formed from the steel wires 10a, 12a, and 14a. Steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are formed from high tensile steel. The tensile strength of the high-strength steel from which the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are formed is at least 1,700 N/mm ² and at most 2,150 N/mm ² . In the illustrated example, the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are formed from high-strength steel with a tensile strength of approximately 1,950 N/mm ² . In addition, the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a formed of high-strength steel are coated with a (non-high-strength) anti-corrosion overlay 50'a (see FIG. 4) or a (non-high-strength) anti-corrosion coating 48a (see FIG. 3). It is also possible to have the following. If the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are provided with an anti-corrosion coating 48a, the anti-corrosion coating 48a is implemented as at least a class B anti-corrosion coating according to the 10244-2:2001-07 standard. In the example exemplarily shown in FIG. 3, the anti-corrosion coating 48a is implemented as a class A anti-corrosion coating according to the DIN EN 10244-2:2001-07 standard.

To form the hexagonal mesh 16a, the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire wire mesh 54a are twisted alternately with adjacent steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire wire mesh 54a. The twisted steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a form a twisted region 24a. Each twist region 24a includes at least three consecutive twists 28a, 38a, 40a. In each strand 28a, 38a, 40a, a steel wire 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire mesh 54a is wrapped 180 degrees around another steel wire 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire wire mesh 54a. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the twist region 24a includes exactly three twists 28a, 38a, 40a. Each of the strands 28a, 38a, 40a has a length 26a. The lengths 26a of the twisted portions 28a, 38a, 40a are approximately equal. The shapes of the twisted portions 28a, 38a, and 40a are approximately the same. The average length 26a of the strands 28a, 38a, 40a within the strand region 24a of some hexagonal meshes 16a is less than 1.1 cm.

The hexagonal mesh 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a has a mesh height 20a. The mesh height 20a is measured perpendicular to the mesh width 18a. The mesh height 20a is implemented as the maximum opening length of the hexagonal mesh 16a. The mesh height 20a is defined by a corner 66a of the hexagonal mesh 16a where the twisted portions 28a, 38a, 40a (different from the twisted region 24a) of the two steel wires 10a, 12a that define the entire circumference of the hexagonal mesh 16a begin; It is measured between another corner 68a of the hexagonal mesh 16a where the strands 28a, 38a, 40a (different from the stranded area 24a) of the steel wires 10a, 12a (different from the stranded area 24a) that define the entire circumference of the hexagonal mesh 16a terminate.

Each twist region 24a defines a hexagonal mesh 16a on two opposite sides. Each twist area 24a (possible exception: the edge of the steel wire mesh 54a) simultaneously defines two adjacent hexagonal meshes 16a. Each of the twist regions 24a has a length 22a. The lengths 22a of the twisted regions 24a are approximately equal. The average length 22a of the twisted regions 24a defining the hexagonal mesh 16a is at least 30% of the average mesh height 20a of the several hexagonal meshes 16 of the steel wire wire mesh 54a.

The hexagonal mesh 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a has a mesh width 18a. The mesh width 18a is implemented as the shortest distance between two twisted regions 24a that define the hexagonal mesh 16a. The average length 22a of the twisted regions 24a defining the hexagonal mesh 16a is at least 50% of the average mesh width 18a of the several hexagonal meshes 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a. The average mesh width 18a of the hexagonal mesh 16a is typically about 60 mm, about 80 mm, or about 100 mm. In the example exemplarily shown in FIG. 2, the mesh width 18a is approximately 80 mm.

The average ratio between the average mesh width 18a of the several hexagonal meshes 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a and the average mesh height 20a of the hexagonal meshes 16a is at least 0.75. The mesh width to height ratio obtained from the mesh width 18a and the mesh height 20a is at least 0.75. In the example illustratively shown in FIG. 2, the ratio of the mesh width to height is 0.8.

The hexagonal mesh 16a has a first opening angle 44a extending across the hexagonal mesh 16a in its longitudinal direction 42a. The longitudinal direction 42a refers to the manufacturing direction of the steel wire mesh 54a, that is, the direction from the later manufactured twisted region 24a to the first manufactured twisted region 24a. Alternatively, longitudinal direction 42a may point in the opposite direction. The first opening angle 44a is an opening angle that widens to the hexagonal mesh 16a of the corner 66a located further forward in the longitudinal direction 42a. The hexagonal mesh 16a has a second opening angle 70a that extends across the hexagonal mesh 16a in the longitudinal direction 42a. The second opening angle 70a is an opening angle that widens to the hexagonal mesh 16a of the corner 68a located further back in the longitudinal direction 42a. The two opening angles 44a, 70a are located at opposite corners 66a, 68a of the hexagonal mesh 16a.

The average first opening angle 44a of several hexagonal meshes 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a is at least 70 degrees. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the first opening angle 44a is approximately 90 degrees. The average second opening angle 70a of several hexagonal meshes 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a is at least 70 degrees. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the second opening angle 70a is approximately 90 degrees. The average opening angles 44a, 70a of the oppositely located hexagonal meshes 16a extending over the hexagonal meshes 16a in the longitudinal direction 42a differ from each other by a maximum of 8 degrees. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the opposing opening angles 44a, 70a of the hexagonal mesh 16a are substantially equal.

When viewed along the longitudinal direction 42a, the two steel wires 10a, 12a that define the entire circumference of the hexagonal mesh 16a of the steel wire wire mesh 54a are located at the opposing sides of the hexagonal mesh 16a at the transition portion 72a, respectively. , and each steel wire 10a, 12a has an inlet curvature 30a that extends from at least a substantially straight portion 32a of the respective steel wire 10a, 12a defining a hexagonal mesh 16a to a steel wire 10a defining a hexagonal mesh 16a. , 12a to the twist region 24a. When viewed along the longitudinal direction 42a, the two steel wires 10a, 12a that define the entire circumference of the hexagonal mesh 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a each have a hexagonal shape at another transition section 74a (different from the transition section 72a). Each steel wire 10a, 12a has an exit curvature 34a on each opposite side of the mesh 16a, and each steel wire 10a, 12a has at least a substantial portion of the steel wire 10a, 12a defining the hexagonal mesh 16a from a twisted region 24a that defines the hexagonal mesh 16a. and extends to another straight section 36a. The average inlet curvature 30a and average outlet curvature 34a of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a of several hexagonal meshes 16a are approximately equal.

The steel wires 10a, 12a, and 14a of the steel wire mesh 54a have breaking resistance suitable for manufacturing the hexagonal mesh 16a in which the ratio of mesh width to height is 0.75 or more. The steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire wire gauze 54a are twisted around each other in a helical manner in which the two sub-sections of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 16a include at least N+1 twists in carrying out the first torsion test. N is the number of twists of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a defining the hexagonal mesh 16a on both sides, if truncation is applied. Thus, in the example shown in Figure 2, the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a withstand at least four twists. Specifically, each batch of steel wire is subjected to an initial torsion test before being used to manufacture steel wire mesh 54a. For this purpose, both ends of the two small sections of steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire batch are clamped in a testing device 76a (see FIG. 5), and at least one of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are twisted together until a break in the wires is detected.

Furthermore, the steel wires 10a, 12a of the steel wire wire gauze 54a are preferentially rotated at least three times, preferably at least five times, in conducting the second torsion test. is carried out to withstand helical winding and unwinding of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a around each other, including at least seven twists back and forth. Test specimens of steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are here each alternately wrapped around each other by 180 degrees and then unwound. A 180 degree twist in one of the two twist directions is counted herein as one twist before and after. In carrying out the second torsion test, the ends of two small sections of steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a of the steel wire batch are also clamped in a testing device 76a, and at least one of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a is broken. is twisted back and forth until it is detected. On the other hand, this advantage ensures that the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a do not break during the manufacture of the steel wire mesh 54a according to the invention, in particular due to excessive rotation of the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a, and/or the steel wire mesh 54a Avoid breaking the wire due to excessive stretching. On the other hand, it is thus advantageous that the steel wire mesh 54a according to the invention has a sufficiently high breaking resistance, for example even in the case of events involving plastic and/or elastic deformations (e.g. rockfall). , it is possible to state that it can provide a sufficient protective effect.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a test apparatus 76a for carrying out a first twist test and/or a second twist test. The test device 76a includes two steel wire holding devices 78a, 80a for holding the pair of steel wires 10a, 12a in a fixed position and rotationally fixed manner. Before each torsion test is started, the steel wires 10a, 12a held in the steel wire holding devices 78a, 80a are guided side by side and parallel to each other. When each torsion test is performed, one of the two steel wire holding devices 78a, 80a is held fixed in the rotational direction, but one of the two steel wire holding devices 78a, 80a is held fixed in the rotational direction. The other is rotated about a rotation axis extending parallel to the initial longitudinal direction 82a of the steel wires 10a, 12a held by the steel wire holding devices 78a, 80a.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic side view of a manufacturing device 52a for weaving a steel wire mesh 54a with a hexagonal mesh 16a, in particular for weaving a hexagonal wire mesh from steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a made of high-strength steel. The manufacturing device 52a comprises a first steel wire supply device 84a for supplying at least a portion of the starting material, for example at least the steel wire 10a. The first steel wire supply device 84a is configured to rotatably, in particular unwind, accommodate at least one bobbin 86a with a wound high-tensile steel wire 10a. The manufacturing device 52a includes a steel wire alignment device 88a. The steel wire alignment device 88a is configured to at least partially straighten the pre-coiled steel wire 10a. The manufacturing device 52a includes a second steel wire supply device 90a. In the second steel wire supply device 90a, the steel wire 12a is spirally wound.

The manufacturing device 52a comprises an array of twisting units 56a, 58a (see also FIG. 8). The twisting units 56a, 58a are configured to twist together the steel wires 10a, 12a supplied from the steel wire supply devices 84a, 90a. The twisting units 56a, 58a are configured to twist each steel wire 10a alternately with other steel wires 12a, 14a guided on respective opposite sides of the steel wire 10a. The manufacturing device 52a has a rotating roller 60a. The rotating roller 60a is arranged downstream of the twisting units 56a, 58a in the manufacturing device 52a. The rotating roller 60a is configured to push and pull the already twisted steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a, respectively, and preferably the twisted steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are moved to the twisting units 56a, 58a. Pull away from the twist area. The rotating roller 60a is configured to rotate continuously. The manufacturing device 52a includes a wire mesh winding device 92a. The wire mesh winding device 92a is configured to receive the completed steel wire wire mesh 54a from the rotating roller 60a and wind the steel wire wire mesh 54a onto a wire mesh roll 94a.

FIG. 7 shows a further schematic representation of the manufacturing device 52a in a perspective view.
FIG. 8 schematically shows a detailed partial cross-sectional view of a part of the manufacturing device 52a. In the part shown in FIG. 8, three twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a are illustrated. The first twisting unit 56a comprises two twisting elements 96a, 98a. A second twisting unit 58a located adjacent to the first twisting unit 56a also comprises two twisting elements 100a, 102a. The twisting elements 96a, 98a, 100a, 102a of one of the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a are each embodied as a cylindrical half-shell partial element. Each twisting element 96a, 98a, 100a, 102a of one of the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a guides a single steel wire 10a, 12a, 14a. The twisting elements 96a, 100a located at the front in FIG. 8 guide a single steel wire 10a, 14a, respectively, unwound from the bobbin 86a and straightened. The twisting elements 98a, 102a located at the rear in FIG. 8 guide the helically freely wound steel wire 12a. The twisting elements 98a, 102a located at the rear in FIG. 8 are arranged on a longitudinally movably supported rail 106a. Twisting elements 98a, 102a are guided with movement of rail 106a. The rail 106a can move back and forth in both directions along its longitudinal axis. The rail 106a can move back and forth in both directions parallel to the axis of rotation 108a of the rotating roller 60a. The rail 106a can move back and forth in both directions perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110a of the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a. In moving the rail 106a, different twisting elements 96a, 98a, 100a, 102a are coupled alternately. For example, first, two twisting elements 96a, 98a belonging to the first twisting unit 56a are combined, and the corresponding steel wires 10a, 12a are twisted. One of the twisting elements 96a of the first twisting unit 56a is then coupled with one of the twisting elements 102a of the second twisting unit 58a by movement of the rail 106a. After being coupled, each of the twisting elements 96a, 98a, 100a, 102a rotates about a shared axis of rotation 110a, such that the steel wire 10a is guided by the coupled twisting elements 96a, 98a, 100a, 102a, respectively. , 12a, 14a are twisted together. During twisting and switching of the rails 106a, the rotating rollers 60a rotate and rotate to pull the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a away from the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a.

The twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a are configured to over-rotate the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a during the twisting process in which the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a are twisted together to form the twist region 24a. . The excessive rotation of the stranded steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a is such that after the twisting process, it compensates for the repulsion of the high-strength steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a, which have much higher elasticity compared to non-high-strength steel. It is configured. The excessive rotation of the twisted steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a is arranged to form a planar steel wire mesh 54a with a hexagonal mesh 16a having tightly wound twisted regions 24a. The twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a are configured to twist the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a together at least M times in a twisting process, where M is given by the formula M=U+0.5×G, and U is 3 or more, and G is any real number from 1 to 3. In the example shown, the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a are configured to twist the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a more than 3.5 times during the twisting process. In the example shown, the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a are configured to twist the steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a approximately four times during the twisting process.

Rotating roller 60a has a dog 64a on sheath surface 62a. The dogs 64a are configured to engage the newly knitted hexagonal mesh 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a, thereby pushing or pulling the steel wire mesh 54a forward during the twisting process. The rotating roller 60a is configured to excessively stretch the hexagonal mesh 16a in the direction of the mesh width 18a compared to the mesh width 18a of the completed hexagonal mesh 16a. The dogs 64a are configured to overstretch the hexagonal mesh 16a in the direction of the mesh width 18a. Dog 64a has a shape that results in overstretching of hexagonal mesh 16a in the direction of mesh width 18a. The width of each dog 64a of the rotating roller 60a is larger than the mesh width 18a of the completed steel wire mesh 54a. The overstretching of the hexagonal mesh 16a is configured to compensate for the repulsion of the high-strength steel wires 10a, 12a, 14a, which are considerably more elastic compared to non-high-strength steel.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a part of the manufacturing device 52a also shown in FIG. 8, which comprises an alternative rotating roller 60'a. The manufacturing device 52a includes an elongation unit 134a. The stretching unit 134a is configured to stretch the completed steel wire mesh 54a in a direction parallel to the mesh width 18a. The stretching unit 134a is configured to stretch the completed steel wire mesh 54a by at least 30%. In the example illustratively illustrated in FIG. 9, the stretching unit 134a is incorporated into an alternative rotating roller 60'a. Extension unit 134a includes extension elements 112a, 114a, 116a. The elongate elements 112a, 114a, 116a are implemented as projections of the rotating roller 60'a. Elongated elements 112a, 114a, 116a are configured to engage hexagonal mesh 16a. The elongated elements 112a, 114a, 116a are configured to engage the twisted regions 24a of the hexagonal mesh 16a and pull the hexagonal mesh 16a apart in a direction parallel to the mesh width 18a. For example, as a result of the back and forth movement of the stretching elements 112a, 114a, 116a during rotation of the rotating roller 60'a, the individual hexagonal meshes 16a of the steel wire mesh 54a are temporarily overstretched. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to support the stretching unit 134a downstream of the rotating roller 60a, or to arrange the stretching unit 134a separately from the manufacturing device 52a comprising the rotating roller 60a and the twisting units 56a, 58a, 104a.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic flowchart of a manufacturing method for knitting a steel wire mesh 54a with a hexagonal mesh 16a. In at least one method step 122a, two steel wires 10a, 12a of the steel wire batch are clamped in a testing device 76a and a first kink test and/or a second kink test are performed. If the first twist test and/or the second twist test are passed, the steel wires 10a, 12a of the steel wire batch that have passed the test are used for manufacturing the steel wire wire mesh 54a according to the present invention and/or the manufacturing equipment 52a.

In at least one further method step 120a, a length of (tested) steel wire 10a is fed to the first twisting unit 56a. In method step 120a, another (tested) steel wire 12a is fed to the first twisting unit 56a. In at least one method step 124a, the two steel wires 10a, 12a are twisted together. In manufacturing the steel wire mesh 54a, in method step 124a, the steel wires 10a, 12a are excessively rotated in the twisted region 24a of the steel wire mesh 54a. In method step 124a, the steel wires 10a, 12a are over-rotated within the twisting region 24a of the steel wire gauze 54a at least half a turn, preferably at least once. After being over-rotated, the over-rotated steel wires 10a, 12a automatically rebound by the amount of over-rotation due to the high elasticity of the high-strength steel, resulting in the inventive shape of the hexagonal mesh 16a. It will be done.

In at least one further method step 118a, the formed steel wire mesh 54a is gripped in the twisting region 24a by the dogs 64a of the rotating roller 60a and is carried along with the movement of the rotating roller 60a. In method step 118a, the hexagonal mesh 16a is overstretched by the dogs 64a, particularly by the engagement of the hexagonal mesh 16a with the dogs 64a in a direction parallel to the mesh width 18a. After passing through the rotating rollers 60a, the overstretched hexagonal mesh 16a automatically rebounds by at least the amount of stretching due to the high elasticity of the high-strength steel, resulting in the inventive shape of the hexagonal mesh 16a.

Alternatively or additionally, in at least one further method step 126a, the hexagonal mesh 16a of the finished steel wire mesh 54a is additionally or alternatively stretched. In method step 126a, the hexagonal mesh 16a of the finished steel wire mesh 54a is formed by elongated elements 112a, 114a, 116a integrated into the rotating roller 60a or by elongated elements 112a, 114a implemented separately from the rotating roller 60a. , 116a. After stretching by the stretching unit 134a, the stretched hexagonal mesh 16a automatically rebounds at least by the stretched part due to the high elasticity of the high-strength steel, resulting in the shape according to the invention of the hexagonal mesh 16a.

Three further exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in FIGS. 11-13. The following description and drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments and, with respect to like-named components, in particular those bearing the same reference numerals, refer primarily to the differences between other exemplary embodiments. Reference may be made to the drawings and/or description of the embodiments, in particular to FIGS. 1-10. The letter a has been added to the reference numbers in FIGS. 1-10 to distinguish the exemplary embodiments. In the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 11-13, letter a has been replaced by letters b-d.

FIG. 11 schematically depicts an alternative steel wire mesh 54b according to the invention. The steel wire mesh 54b includes a hexagonal mesh 16b. Steel wire mesh 54b is realized from steel wires 10b, 12b, 14b. Steel wires 10b, 12b, 14b are formed from high tensile steel. In forming the hexagonal mesh 16b, the steel wires 10b, 12b, 14b of the steel wire wire mesh 54b are twisted alternately with adjacent steel wires 10b, 12b, 14b of the steel wire wire mesh 54b. The twisted steel wires 10b, 12b, 14b form a twisted region 24b. Each strand region 24b of the alternative steel wire mesh 54b includes four or more consecutive strands 28b, 38b, 40b, 128b, 130b. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the twist region 24b of the alternative steel wire mesh 54b comprises five consecutive twists 28b, 38b, 40b, 128b, 130b.

FIG. 12 schematically shows a cross-section of a steel wire 10c of a further alternative steel wire mesh 54c according to the invention. Steel wire 10c is formed from high tensile steel. The high tensile strength steel of the steel wire 10c is made of stainless steel.

FIG. 13 schematically shows a cross-section of a steel wire 10d of an additional further alternative steel wire mesh 54d according to the invention. The steel wire 10d is made of high tensile strength steel. The steel wire 10d includes a sheath 46d made of stainless steel. The steel wire 10d has a core 132d made of non-stainless steel. Both portions of sheath 46d and core 132d, or only core 132d, can be formed from high strength steel.

10 Steel wire 12 Steel wire 14 Steel wire 16 Hexagonal mesh 18 Mesh width 20 Mesh height 22 Length 24 Twisted area 26 Length 28 Twisted section 30 Entrance curvature 32 Straight section 34 Exit curvature 36 Another straight section 38 Twisted section 40 Twisted Part 42 Longitudinal direction 44 Opening angle 46 Sheath 48 Anti-corrosion coating 50 Anti-corrosion overlay 52 Manufacturing equipment 54 Steel wire mesh 56 Twisting unit 58 Twisting unit 60 Roller 62 Sheath surface 64 Dog 66 Corner 68 Corner 70 Opening angle 72 Transition section 74 Transition section 76 Test device 78 Steel wire holding device 80 Steel wire holding device 82 Initial longitudinal direction 84 First steel wire feeding device 86 Bobbin 88 Steel wire alignment direction 90 Second steel wire feeding device 92 Wire mesh winding device 94 Wire mesh roll 96 Twisting element 98 Twisting element 100 Twisting element 102 Twisting element 104 Twisting unit 106 Rail 108 Rotating shaft 110 Rotating shaft 112 Stretching element 114 Stretching element 116 Stretching element 118 Method step 120 Method step 122 Method step 124 Method step 12 6 Method step 128 Twisting section 130 Twisted part 132 Core 134 Extension unit 210 Steel wire 212 Steel wire 214 Steel wire 216 Hexagonal mesh 218 Mesh width 220 Mesh height 254 Steel wire wire mesh

Claims (18)

In particular hexagonal wire mesh formed from steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) with hexagonal mesh (16a-d), used in particular for civil engineering purposes, preferably in the field of natural disaster protection. A certain steel wire wire mesh (54a-d),
The steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) are twisted alternately with adjacent steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d),
The steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) are made of high-strength steel or at least have a steel wire core made of high-strength steel,
a particularly average mesh width (18a-d) of said hexagonal mesh (16a-d) and a particularly average mesh width of said hexagonal mesh (16a-d) measured perpendicular to said mesh width (18a-d); Steel wire mesh (54a-d), characterized in that the particularly average ratio calculated from the height (20a-d) is at least 0.75, preferably at least 0.8. The high tensile strength steel of the steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) has a tensile strength of at least 1,560 N/mm ² , preferably at least 1,700 N/mm ² , preferentially at least 1,950 N/mm 2 Steel wire mesh (54a-d) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a tensile strength of mm ² . In particular, the average length (22a-d) of the twist regions (24a-d) defining the hexagonal mesh (16a-d) is at least 30% of said average mesh height (20a-d), preferably at least Steel wire mesh (54a-d) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is 35%. In particular, the average length (22a-d) of the twist regions (24a-d) defining the hexagonal mesh (16a-d) is at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, of said average mesh width (18a-d). %, preferentially at least 60%. In particular, the average length (26a-d) of the strands (28a-d, 38a-d, 40a-d) within the strand regions (24a-d) defining the hexagonal mesh (16a-d) is 1.1 cm. Steel wire mesh (54a-d) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is less than 1 cm, preferably less than 1 cm. The strand regions (24b-d) defining the hexagonal mesh (16b-d) comprise four or more consecutive strands (28b-d, 38b-d, 40b-d, 128b-d, 130b-d) Steel wire mesh (54b-d) according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: at least one particularly average opening angle (44a-d, 70a-d) of said hexagonal mesh (16a-d) extending over said hexagonal mesh (16a-d) in the longitudinal direction (42a-d) is at least 70 degrees; Steel wire mesh (54a-d) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the angle is preferably at least 80 degrees, preferentially at least 90 degrees. 8. According to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hexagonal mesh (16a-d) has a particularly average mesh width (18a-d) of approximately 60 mm, approximately 80 mm or approximately 100 mm. steel wire mesh (54a-d). Claim characterized in that the high-strength steel of the steel wires (10c-d, 12c-d, 14c-d) is made of stainless steel grade or has at least a sheath (46d) of stainless steel grade. Steel wire mesh (54c-d) according to any one of 1 to 8. Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the steel wire (10a, 12a, 14a; 10b, 12b, 14b) has an anticorrosion coating (48a; 48b) or an anticorrosion overlay (50'a; 50'b). The steel wire mesh (54a; 54b) according to any one of the above. Said anticorrosive coating (48a; 48b) is implemented as at least a class B anticorrosive coating according to the DIN EN 10244-2:2001-07 standard, preferably as a class A anticorrosive coating according to the DIN EN 10244-2:2001-07 standard. Steel wire mesh (54a-d) according to claim 10, characterized in that: At least two sub-sections of said steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) have undergone at least N+1 twists, preferably N+2 twists, preferentially N+4 twists, especially in the test. the steel wires (10a-d, Steel wire mesh (54a-d) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it has a twist number of 12a-d, 14a-d). A steel wire mesh (54a-d) comprising a hexagonal mesh (16a-d) is made from a steel wire (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) containing high-strength steel according to any one of claims 1-12. ~d), in particular a manufacturing device (52a~d) for weaving hexagonal wire mesh, comprising:
A steel wire (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) and another steel wire (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d); at least one array of twisting units (56a-d, 58a-d, 104a-d);
It is supported downstream of said twisting unit (56a-d; 58a-d, 104a-d) and engages the newly woven hexagonal mesh (16a-d), thereby said steel wire wire mesh (54a-d) at least one rotating roller (60a-d: 60'a-d) having a dog (64a-d) on the sheath surface (62a-d) configured to push or pull the ,
said twisting unit (56a-d; 58a-d, 104a-d) is configured to over-rotate said steel wire (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d); The rotating rollers (60a-d: 60'a-d) increase the mesh width (16a-d) of said hexagonal mesh (16a-d), especially compared to the mesh width (18a-d) of the finished hexagonal mesh (16a-d). A manufacturing apparatus (52a-d) characterized in that it comprises at least one of: (18a-d) configured to over-stretch the material. at least one of said excessive rotation of said stranded steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) and excessive stretching of said hexagonal mesh (16a-d) compared to non-high tensile steel. 14. The manufacturing device according to claim 13, characterized in that the manufacturing device is configured to compensate for the repulsion of the high tensile strength steel wire (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) which is substantially elastic. (52a-d). The twisting units (56a-d, 58a-d) are configured to twist the steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) with each other at least M times, M being according to the formula M=U+0. 5×G, where U is an odd integer greater than or equal to 3, preferably within the twisted region (24a-d) of the finished steel wire mesh (54a-d) defining a hexagonal mesh (16a-d). The manufacturing device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that G corresponds to the number of twist portions (28a-d, 38a-d, 40a-d) of , and G is any real number from 1 to 3. (52a-d). a stretching unit (134a-d) is integrated with said rotating roller (60a-d, 60'a-d) and supported downstream of said rotating roller (60a-d, 60'a-d); or separately arranged and configured to elongate the finished steel wire mesh (54a-d), in particular the hexagonal wire mesh, at least in a direction parallel to said mesh width (18a-d), preferably by at least 30%. Manufacturing device (52a-d) according to the preamble of claim 13, in particular according to any one of claims 13-15, characterized in that: A steel wire comprising a hexagonal mesh (16a-d) according to any one of claims 1-16, in particular using a manufacturing device (52a-d) according to any one of claims 13-16. Manufacturing method for knitting wire mesh (54a-d), in particular hexagonal wire mesh. During manufacture of the steel wire wire mesh (54a-d), the steel wires (10a-d, 12a-d, 14a-d) are twisted in the twisting areas (24a-d) of the steel wire wire mesh (54a-d). The hexagonal mesh (16a-d) is excessively stretched in a direction parallel to the mesh width (18a-d). The manufacturing method according to item 17.

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