JP2024007438A - Granular fertilizer and manufacturing method of granular fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop techniques for processing an organic material derived from animals into an organic fertilizer which is odorless and is rich in fertilizer active components such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium salt.

SOLUTION: Disclosed are: an organic fertilizer which is a granular fertilizer using an organic material derived from animals and having a particle diameter of 2-8 mm, where a nitrogen content is at least 1.5 times that of the organic material, the phosphate content is at least 1.5 times that of the organic material, and the potassium content is at least 1.3 times that of the organic material; and a manufacturing method thereof.

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

COPYRIGHT: (C)2024,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to inventions in the technical field of fertilizers and their production.

Livestock manure compost, which is organic matter derived from animals, is used as an organic fertilizer because it contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, the three major elements that greatly affect crop growth. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contained in compost is highest in the order of chicken, pig, and cow, but the amount of organic matter required for soil preparation is conversely highest in the order of cow, pig, and chicken. In addition, although there is little nitrogen in cow dung compost that can be used by crops in the year of application, it accumulates in the soil because it contains a large amount of poorly soluble nitrogen, and the nitrogen accumulated in the soil is continuously supplied to the next crop. In other words, when used continuously, in addition to the nitrogen supplied from the compost applied in that year, nitrogen is also supplied from the compost applied up to the previous year, so if cow dung compost is used continuously, the fertility of the soil increases and the amount of nitrogen supplied increases. It is said that there is a prolonged use effect that increases the amount of alcohol (Non-patent Document 1).

Fertilizer raw materials such as livestock waste are adjusted to have a moisture content of 40 to 60% by weight, and this is sheared and kneaded under pressure to create a mixture whose temperature is raised to 40 to 90 degrees Celsius due to the frictional heat of pressurization and kneading. By supplying ozone (O ₃ ) while pulverizing the processed material into granules using a screw-type granulator and oxidizing the surface layer of the processed material granules with ozone, the activity of high-temperature and anaerobic bacteria is suppressed, and the high-temperature and anaerobic bacteria are suppressed. A method for producing organic fertilizer is known, which is characterized by creating conditions that promote the activation of aerobic bacteria and fermenting the post-processed product (Patent Document 1), but as an effect ozone can suppress odor. However, the shape of the fertilizer produced by this manufacturing method is in the form of pellets, and the effect as a fertilizer is not described.

Powder of organic raw materials such as fermented chicken manure is fed from above into a cylindrical housing inside which rotary blades are rotating at high speed, and is suspended in this housing and rotated in the vertical and circumferential directions. Rotate on its own axis, spray a large number of water droplets inside the housing to agglomerate the powder, and after a required period of time, supply a powdered coating agent into the housing so that the surface of the granules where the powder has aggregated is covered with the coating agent. In the method for granulating organic fertilizer, the powder is suspended only by the rotational force of the rotor blade, without supplying high-pressure air and without a disk with holes for flowing the powder to be treated together with the supply of high-pressure air. A method for granulating organic fertilizer from fermented chicken manure or the like (Patent Document 2) is known, which is characterized by rotating, swirling, and stirring the fertilizer. However, this method is limited to some powder raw materials such as chicken manure, and cannot be used as a compost raw material with a moisture content exceeding 50%, and requires coating, which is laborious and costly. Furthermore, changes in active ingredients such as phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potassium, particle shape, etc. have not been investigated.

In the process of sieving dry fermented chicken manure and granulating it using a screw-shaped extrusion granulator, a small amount of water is added to the fermented chicken manure to form granules, increasing the fertilizing effect on the surface of each granule. A granular organic fertilizer composition (Patent Document 3) is known in which the individual granules are coated with a powder that is separated from each other (Patent Document 3), but the coating is limited to powdered chicken manure. There is a restriction that processing is required, and changes in active ingredients such as phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potassium are not described.

Unlike the organic fertilizer manufacturing method using a screw-type extrusion granulator or a high-speed rotation granulator described above, vegetable powder is processed using a pin-type granulator with an aqueous solution of a binder component consisting of lignin, starch, or a mixture thereof. A method for producing low-density porous carbon particles is known, which is characterized in that after granulation, the granules are dried while being rolled in a rotating drum at 50 to 300°C, and then calcined and carbonized. However, it is a complicated method in that it uses powder as a raw material, adds a binder, and processes the granules after granulation by applying high heat, and it is only stated that a pin-type granulator is also suitable for mass production. No (Patent Document 4).

The method for producing granules using a pin-type granulator is to mix and stir powdered carbon black and granulation water in the granulator, transport them in the axial direction of the granulator, and then feed them from the outlet at the end of the granulator. In a carbon black granulation method for taking out granular carbon black, granulation water is sprayed in a direction opposite to the direction in which carbon black is transferred in a granulator, and the droplet diameter at the time of spraying is set to 50 to 1000 μm. A method for granulating carbon black characterized by the following is known, and it is known that as a result, 92% of granules with a particle size of 1 mm or less can be produced (Patent Document 5).

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-183684 Special Publication No. 6-79998 Special Publication No. 3-75513 Special Publication No. 6-45445 JP2004-182803

“Chapter 3 Current status and fertilizer effects of livestock manure compost”, Guide for proper application of livestock manure compost, pp. 19-27, March 2014, published by Okayama Prefecture Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

The amount of livestock manure and compost is increasing with the expansion of livestock farms, but there are many problems in using it as organic fertilizer, such as the consumption area being far away and demand being biased towards spring, and the odor generated during storage. There are also environmental and hygiene problems, so it is desired to develop a technology to process these raw materials into organic fertilizers with low odor and high amounts of fertilizer active ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium salts. In particular, organic fertilizers using cow dung have a problem in that they contain low proportions of phosphoric acid, nitrogen, potassium, etc.

In addition, conventional organic fertilizers using livestock manure etc. as raw materials are mainly produced using screw extrusion granulation methods, which means that organic fertilizers can only be produced in the form of large pellets, and smaller particles with a diameter of 2 to 8 mm. When blended with chemical fertilizers that have chemical fertilizers, there were problems such as being unable to sow the fields depending on the type of fertilizer spreader. Additionally, chemical fertilizers are usually spherical, but pellets are cylindrical, making it difficult to mix them evenly. Even if you try to use other granulation methods, for example, the granulation method using a pin-type stirring granulator is suitable for making small granules with a particle size of 1 mm or less, but it is difficult to grow them to the size of chemical fertilizer granules. was difficult.

The inventor conducted extensive research on the production of granular organic fertilizers that contain higher proportions of phosphoric acid, nitrogen, potassium, etc. than raw materials, and that have the same shape as chemical fertilizers.As a result, the inventor developed a binder and coating agent. It was confirmed that odorless, granular organic fertilizer rich in active ingredients could be obtained without the use of organic fertilizers.

The present invention
[1] A granular organic fertilizer using animal-derived organic raw materials and having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm, with a nitrogen content of at least 1.5 times that of the organic raw material and a phosphoric acid content of at least 1.5 times that of the organic raw material. and an organic fertilizer characterized in that the potassium content is 1.3 times or more that of the organic raw material;
[2] The fertilizer according to [1], wherein the animal-derived organic material is livestock manure compost or livestock manure;
[3] The nitrogen content is 1.5 to 4 times that of the organic raw material, the phosphoric acid content is 1.5 to 3.5 times that of the organic raw material, and the potassium content is 1.3 to 4 times that of the organic raw material. The organic fertilizer according to [1] or [2], characterized by
[4] Livestock manure compost or livestock dung is cow manure compost or cow dung, and the content of nitrogen is 1.5 to 4.5%, the content of phosphoric acid is 1.5 to 5%, and the content of potassium is 1.5 to 4.5%. The organic fertilizer of [2], which is characterized by a concentration of 2.5 to 6%;
[5] It is characterized by having a nitrogen content of 1.5 to 2.5%, a phosphoric acid content of 1.5 to 3%, and a potassium content of 3 to 5%.[4] Organic fertilizers listed,
[6] The livestock manure compost or livestock manure is pig manure compost or pig manure, and the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, the phosphoric acid content is 3 to 12%, and the potassium content is 2 to 7%. The organic fertilizer according to [2], characterized in that
[7] The organic fertilizer according to [6], characterized in that the content of nitrogen is 3 to 4.5%, the content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 5%, and the content of potassium is 2 to 5%. ,
[8] Livestock manure compost or livestock manure is chicken manure compost or chicken manure, and the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, the phosphoric acid content is 3 to 15%, and the potassium content is 2 to 10%. The organic fertilizer according to [2], which is characterized by
[9] The organic fertilizer according to [8], characterized in that the content of nitrogen is 4 to 6%, the content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 5%, and the content of potassium is 2.5 to 4%. ,
[10] A step of granulating an animal-derived organic raw material by injecting it into a stirring mixer granulator with a pin-shaped feature,
a step of drying the granules obtained in the granulation step;
A method for producing a granular organic fertilizer, comprising the step of separating the dried granules obtained in the drying step into granular organic fertilizer having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm using a sieving machine;
[11] The production method according to [10], wherein the animal-derived organic raw material has a moisture content of 50 to 64%;
[12] The production method according to [11], characterized in that the input amount of animal-derived organic raw materials is 1 ton/hour or less;
[13] The production method according to [12], wherein the rotation speed of the stirring mixing granulator is 100 to 300 rpm;
[14] The manufacturing method according to [13], wherein the drying step is drying in the sun or using a dryer;
[15] The production method according to [14], characterized in that the amount of dried granules removed by sieving is 35% or less;
[16] The production method according to [15], wherein the animal-derived organic material is livestock manure compost or livestock manure;
[17] Any one of [10] to [16] in which the pin shape of the stirring mixing granulator is characterized in that a large number of pins of the same size are arranged spirally around the rotating shaft at equal intervals. The manufacturing method described in
[18] A step of granulating an animal-derived organic raw material using a stirring mixing granulator characterized by a rotating shaft having a large number of pins of the same size arranged spirally at equal intervals;
a step of drying the granules obtained in the granulation step;
The product is characterized by the step of separating the dried granules obtained in the drying step into granular organic fertilizer having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm using a sieving machine.
Production of an organic fertilizer characterized in that the nitrogen content is 1.5 times or more that of organic raw materials, the phosphoric acid content is 1.5 times or more that of organic raw materials, and the potassium content is 1.3 times or more that of organic raw materials. Method,
[19] The animal-derived organic material is cow dung or cow dung compost, and the component content of nitrogen is 1.5 to 4.5%, phosphoric acid is 1.5 to 5%, and potassium is 2% as component content. .5 to 6%, the method for producing an organic fertilizer according to [10] or [18],
[20] The animal-derived organic material is pig manure or pig manure compost, and the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, the phosphoric acid content is 3 to 12%, and the potassium content is 2 to 7%. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to [10] or [18], and [21] the animal-derived organic raw material is chicken manure or chicken manure compost, and the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, and the phosphoric acid content is 3 to 9%. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to [10] or [18], characterized in that the component content is 3 to 15%, and the component content of potassium is 2 to 10%.

The present invention provides a granular organic fertilizer that is odorless, rich in active ingredients, and can be mixed with chemical fertilizers and sprayed, and a method for producing the granular organic fertilizer.

Perspective view of external and internal structure of pin type stirring mixer granulator Vertical view (A) and side view (B) of the internal structure of the pin-type stirring mixer granulator Diagram showing the relationship between the moisture content of cow manure compost raw material and the particle size distribution of granules Comparison photo of conventional granular products (pellets) and products implementing the present invention Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash (potassium) content (%) in the raw material compost used for the production of the present invention and the granular compost (granular organic fertilizer) that is the product of the present invention under various drying conditions Concentration ratio of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash (potassium) in granular compost (granular organic fertilizer), which is a product of the present invention, relative to the raw material compost used in the production of the present invention under various drying conditions.

In the present invention, the organic material derived from animals refers to organic substances produced and excreted by animals, which are commonly used as fertilizers, and preferably livestock manure or livestock manure compost can be used.

Examples of livestock manure include cow manure, pig manure, and chicken manure. Since the present invention is a technology that can handle the processing of these livestock manures, granular organic fertilizer can be produced using any livestock manure raw material, but depending on the type of livestock, the combination of phosphoric acid, nitrogen, potassium, etc. For example, it is preferable to use chicken manure or pig manure as a raw material to produce a fertilizer rich in phosphoric acid or nitrogen, and it is preferable to use cow manure as a raw material to produce a fertilizer rich in potassium.
Compost is, for example, organic material that has been deposited, fermented, and allowed to ripen until it no longer harms agricultural crops after being applied to the soil.

The organic fertilizer in the present invention refers to organic fertilizer specified in the official standards of the Act on Assurance of Fertilizer Quality, sludge fertilizer, and special fertilizer specified in the Act on Assurance of Fertilizer Quality. . Special fertilizers include animal excrement, combustion ash of animal excrement, and compost. Regarding special fertilizers in particular, there is a notification from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries that specifies special fertilizers, etc., and specifies the fertilizers that can be used. For example, rice bran, fermented rice bran, waste vegetable oil cake and its powder (refers to vegetable oil cake and its powder made from plant seed scraps as raw materials), herbaceous plant seed skin oil cake and its powder, nut oil cake and its powder. Powder (excluding Kapotsk oil cake and its powder; the same shall apply hereinafter), coffee grounds, soybean waste and its powder (refers to soybean waste or soybeans whose quality has been altered due to wetting with water, etc., which has been heated and then compacted and its powder). ), Tobacco waste fertilizer and its powder (excluding non-denatured tobacco waste fertilizer powder), Dried algae and its powder, Separated cotton residue fertilizer, Artemisia dregs, Plant ash (excluding Jinkai ash), Cigar charcoal fertilizer, Ceramic dregs , kasu (excluding dried dregs from which gelatin is extracted from ossein), when using raw materials derived from cows, etc., only those that have undergone control measures, and those made from parts of cows, etc. Fertilizers made from processed poultry waste (excluding steamed fish scales and their powder), fish scales (excluding steamed fish scales and their powder), and fertilizers made from processed poultry waste (steamed wool powder) (excluding those made by steaming feathers), fermented starch fertilizer (obtained by treating human waste through anaerobic fermentation), combustion ash of animal excrement, compost (straw, rice husk), , bark, animal excrement, and other animal and plant organic matter (excluding sludge and fish and shellfish organs) that have been deposited or stirred and allowed to mature (use of urea, ammonia sulfate, or other materials that promote decomposition) ), and when using raw materials derived from cows, etc., it is limited to those for which control measures have been taken, and when using parts of cows, etc., it is assumed that the vertebral column etc. are not mixed. (limited to those manufactured in a process that has been confirmed by the Minister of Fisheries). Further, organic fertilizers specified in official standards, sludge fertilizers and special fertilizers may be mixed.

Organic fertilizer is generally converted into a form that can be used by plants or a form that can be used by plants in the soil, and especially in the latter form, it is mineralized by the action of microorganisms in the soil. It is thought that this will change the form used for agricultural crops.

The organic fertilizer of the present invention is a granular organic fertilizer having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm, and is circular rather than pellet-shaped. Since the organic fertilizer of the present invention has such a shape and size, it is possible to mechanically spray a mixture with a chemical fertilizer. Although any method may be used to measure the particle size of granular fertilizer, it is preferable to use a sieving method because it is simple. The chemical fertilizer to be applied in combination with the organic fertilizer of the present invention refers to the fertilizer excluding organic fertilizers (including sludge compost, etc.) from among the ordinary fertilizers specified in the Fertilizer Control Law. Among chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers include ammonia-based fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium phosphorus produced using ammonia synthesized from atmospheric nitrogen, nitrate-based fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, lime nitrate, and potassium nitrate, These include amide fertilizers such as urea and urea aldehyde condensates, and lime nitrogen synthesized from atmospheric nitrogen. Further, chemical fertilizers and compound fertilizers obtained by reacting or blending these are also included in the chemical fertilizers of the present invention.

A feature of the organic fertilizer of the present invention is that the three elements of the fertilizer are improved compared to animal-derived organic raw materials, and the compact granular fertilizer supplies more of the three elements to the soil than animal-derived organic raw materials. It is possible. The three elements of fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium.

There are various plant compounds containing nitrogen, such as amino acids that make up proteins, nucleobases that make up nucleotides, phosphatidylethanolamine that is a membrane lipid, amino sugars such as glucosamine, and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and lignin. is an essential element for plants. In leaves, most of the protein is contained in chloroplasts, and the amount of nitrogen intake determines the activity of photosynthesis. If it is within the appropriate range, the more nitrogen you give, the more chloroplasts will grow and the yield will improve.

In the organic fertilizer of the present invention, nitrogen is increased by 1.5 times or more, preferably 1.5 to 4 times, more preferably 1.5 to 3 times, compared to the organic raw material.

Specifically, when cow dung raw material is used, the nitrogen content is 1.5 to 4.5%, preferably 1.5 to 3%, and more preferably 1.5 to 2.5%. When pig manure raw material is used, the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, preferably 3 to 6%, more preferably 3 to 4.5%. When chicken manure raw material is used, the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, preferably 3 to 7%, more preferably 4 to 6%.

Plant compounds containing phosphoric acid include nucleic acids, phospholipids that form cell membranes, adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy currency of living organisms, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, which is involved in photosynthesis. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is performed by phosphorylating enzymes/dephosphorylating enzymes to control reactions in the living body. Because phosphorus plays these important roles in living organisms, it is important for plant growth, seed germination, and flowering.

In the organic fertilizer of the present invention, phosphoric acid is increased by 1.5 times or more, preferably 1.5 to 3.5 times, more preferably 1.5 to 3 times, compared to the organic raw material.

Specifically, when cow dung raw material is used, the content of phosphoric acid is 1.5 to 5%, preferably 1.5 to 3.5%, and more preferably 1.5 to 3%. When pig dung raw material is used, the component content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 12%, preferably 3 to 8%, more preferably 3 to 5%. When chicken manure raw material is used, the content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 15%, preferably 3 to 8%, more preferably 3 to 5%.

Unlike other macronutrients, potassium does not become a constituent element of biomolecules involved in metabolism in plants, but functions as an inorganic salt dissolved in plant body fluids. When potassium ions move through an ion channel to another cell, the water potential of that cell decreases and water movement occurs. Plants have a lower water potential in their leaf blades than in the rhizosphere, and absorb water depending on this difference. There is a positive correlation between the water content and potassium content per dry weight of leaves in komatsuna and spinach. Potassium also activates plant enzymes, promoting the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins, regulating the amount of water in the plant, and synthesizing chlorophyll precursors necessary for photosynthesis, determining the color and shape of fruits, and increasing Brix sugar content. promote. Therefore, high-quality fruits are produced in potassium-rich soils.

In the organic fertilizer of the present invention, potassium is increased by 1.3 times or more, preferably 1.3 to 4 times, more preferably 1.3 to 3 times, compared to the organic raw material.

Specifically, when cow dung raw material is used, the potassium content is 2.5 to 6%, preferably 2.5 to 5%, and more preferably 3 to 5%. When pig dung raw material is used, the potassium content is 2 to 7%, preferably 2 to 5%. When chicken manure raw material is used, the potassium content is 2 to 10%, preferably 2 to 7%, more preferably 2.5 to 4%.

In the method for producing granular organic fertilizer of the present invention, the step of injecting the animal-derived organic raw material into a stirring mixer granulator having a characteristic pin shape to granulate the animal-derived organic raw material, adjusting the animal-derived organic raw material, It consists of a step of injecting into a stirring mixer granulator with a characteristic pin shape, and a step of granulating the animal-derived organic raw material injected into the granulator.

The animal-derived organic raw material used in the production method of the present invention has the same meaning as above, and refers to organic substances produced and excreted by animals that are commonly used as fertilizers, preferably livestock manure or livestock manure compost.

Examples of livestock manure include cow manure, pig manure, and chicken manure. Since the present invention is a technology that can handle the processing of these livestock manures, granular organic fertilizer can be produced using any livestock manure raw material, but depending on the type of livestock, the combination of phosphoric acid, nitrogen, potassium, etc. For example, it is preferable to use chicken manure or pig manure as a raw material to produce a fertilizer rich in phosphoric acid or nitrogen, and it is preferable to use cow manure as a raw material to produce a fertilizer rich in potassium.
Compost is, for example, organic material that has been deposited, fermented, and allowed to ripen until it no longer harms agricultural crops after being applied to the soil.

The moisture content of animal-derived organic raw materials is preferably 50 to 64%, preferably 58 to 64% when using cow manure or cow manure compost, and 52 to 64% in the case of chicken manure compost and pig manure compost. is preferred. For animal-derived organic raw materials with low water content, the water content may be adjusted to 50 to 64% by adding water, and for raw materials with a water content of 64% or more, the water content may be adjusted by heating, etc. The raw material prepared in this way is put into a granulator.

The charging rate is preferably 2 tons/hour or less, preferably 1 ton/hour or less, and more preferably 0.5 tons/hour or less.

The stirring mixing granulator characterized by the pin shape in the present invention is a granulator having a structure in which a large number of pins of the same size are arranged spirally at equal intervals on the rotating shaft of the stirring mixing granulator. machine is preferred. As a specific example, the internal structure and the external structure are shown in a perspective view in FIG. 1, and the vertical plane (A) and the horizontal plane (B) of the internal structure are shown in FIG. This shows a granulator in which pin-shaped protrusions are arranged in a spiral pattern. All pins have the same shape and are spaced at equal intervals.

The granulation temperature is 20°C to 60°C, the granulation humidity is 80% or more, and the rotation speed needs to be adjusted by the motor output of the granulator, for example, 100 to 300 rpm, preferably 150 to 300 rpm. Granulation may be carried out at 300 rpm, more preferably from 180 to 260 revolutions.
The obtained granules are sized using a granulator, if necessary.

In the method for producing a granular organic fertilizer of the present invention, the step of drying the granules obtained in the granulation step is the step of drying the granules obtained in the granulation step by drying the granules in the natural sun or using a dryer. This shows the evaporation process.

Natural sun drying is a device that uses natural energy such as solar energy and wind to dry moisture in compost. If the amount of compost is small, it is sufficient to deposit granular organic compost on a tray to a thickness of about 2 to 4 cm in a plastic greenhouse and let it dry for 4 to 10 days. In addition, if the scale is large, such as a composting facility, a blower such as a fan may be installed in the greenhouse to speed up drying, and a self-propelled agitator may be installed to ensure uniform drying. It is preferable. Under such conditions, drying may be carried out for 7 to 30 days, preferably 10 to 17 days.

For drying using a dryer, any type of dryer used for industrial purposes such as a rotary drum dryer, rotary three-thread screw dryer, rotary kiln, etc. can be used as long as it is used for drying a large amount of granules, but it is preferable to use a rotary kiln. is preferred. The drying temperature and time vary depending on the amount of granules to be treated, but for approximately 15 kg of granules, drying is carried out at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C for 15 to 80 minutes, preferably at a temperature of 180°C to 220°C. , just heat for 20 to 50 minutes.

At the end of the drying process, the proportion of granules that do not meet the particle size standard for granular organic fertilizers of 2 to 8 mm is 35% or less, preferably 25% or less of the total granules. These substandard granules can be eliminated by sieving. Specifically, circular granular organic fertilizer with a particle size of 2 to 8 mm can be produced from the dried granules using a sieving machine that can apply the sieving test method of Japanese Industrial Standards. .

Industrially, sieving machines are mainly divided into vibrating type and rotary type. The vibrating type sieves the input material by vibrating the sieve screen up and down. Furthermore, there may be a plurality of sieving nets, and it is also possible to sieve in stages. The rotary type is sometimes called a trommel, and the cylindrical sieve rotates to sift the input material. It also has the advantage of being less noisy than vibrating screens because the input material is sieved inside the machine.

According to the method for producing a granular organic fertilizer of the present invention, a granular organic fertilizer with a particle size of 2 to 8 mm is produced using animal-derived organic raw materials, the nitrogen content is 1.5 times or more that of the organic raw material, and the phosphorus content is 1.5 times or more that of the organic raw material. An organic fertilizer is provided, characterized in that the potassium content is 1.5 times or more that of the organic raw material, and the potassium content is 1.3 times or more that of the organic raw material.

In the granular fertilizer obtained by the production method of the present invention, the three major elements of the fertilizer change as follows.

(1) Nitrogen is increased by 1.5 times or more, preferably 1.5 to 4 times, more preferably 1.5 to 3 times, compared to the organic raw material.
Specifically, when cow dung raw material is used, the nitrogen content is 1.5 to 4.5%, preferably 1.5 to 3%, and more preferably 1.5 to 2.5%. When pig manure raw material is used, the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, preferably 3 to 6%, more preferably 3 to 4.5%. When chicken manure raw material is used, the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, preferably 3 to 7%, more preferably 4 to 6%.

(2) Phosphoric acid increases by 1.5 times or more, preferably 1.5 to 3.5 times, more preferably 1.5 to 3 times, compared to the organic raw material.
Specifically, when cow dung raw material is used, the component content of phosphoric acid is 1.5 to 5%, preferably 1.5 to 3.5%, and more preferably 1.5 to 3%. When pig dung raw material is used, the component content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 12%, preferably 3 to 8%, more preferably 3 to 5%. When chicken manure raw material is used, the content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 15%, preferably 3 to 8%, more preferably 3 to 5%.

(3) Potassium increases by 1.3 times or more, preferably 1.3 to 4 times, more preferably 1.3 to 3 times, compared to the organic raw material.
Specifically, when cow dung raw material is used, the potassium content is 2.5 to 6%, preferably 2.5 to 5%, and more preferably 3 to 5%. When pig dung raw material is used, the potassium content is 2 to 7%, preferably 2 to 5%. When chicken manure raw material is used, the potassium content is 2 to 10%, preferably 2 to 7%, more preferably 2.5 to 4%.

Example 1
Cow manure compost produced at a farm was used as the organic raw material. Figure 1 shows the internal structure and external structure in perspective view, and Figure 2 shows the vertical plane (A) and horizontal plane (B) of the internal structure. The following manufacturing study was conducted using a granulator (manufactured by Zhangjiagang MG Machinery Co., Ltd.), which is a stirring and mixing granulator in which pin-shaped protrusions are arranged spirally on a rotating shaft.

(1) Preliminary test of the relationship between the amount of organic raw material input and the particle size of the granulated product Using an organic raw material using cow dung compost, we confirmed the relationship between the amount of organic raw material input to the granulator and the particle size of the granulated product. . When examining the relationship between the input amount and particle size under the conditions of a rotation speed of 213 rpm, a granulation temperature of 37°C to 41°C, and a granulation humidity of 96 to 99% RH, it was found that when the input amount was 1.5 tons/hour, the particle size was 2 mm or less. While more than 50% of fine particles are generated, when the input rate is 1 ton/hour, the generation rate of fine particles with a particle size of 2 mm or less is about 35%, and when the input rate is 0.5 ton/hour, the generation rate of fine particles with a particle size of 2 mm or less is The incidence of this disease has decreased to less than 30%.

(2) Preliminary test of the relationship between the rotational speed of the granulator and the particle size of the granulated product We investigated the relationship between the rotational speed of the granulator and the particle size of the granulated product when using an organic raw material using cow dung compost. . As a result of examining the rotation speed under the conditions of a granulation temperature of 38 to 42°C, a granulation humidity of 96 to 99% RH, and a dosage of 1 ton/hour, it was found that when the rotation speed was 235 rpm, fine particles with a particle size of 2 mm or less were approximately 35 %, and granules with a particle size of 8 mm or more accounted for about 10%, whereas when the rotation speed was lowered to 213 rpm, fine particles with a particle size of 2 mm or less remained at about 35%. Granules with a particle size of 8 mm or more decreased to about 1%.

(3) Relationship between moisture content of organic raw material and particle size of granulated product Granulation at various concentrations of organic raw material moisture content from 56% to 65% using cow manure compost, which has a slightly different viscosity from chicken manure compost and pig manure compost. (Moisture content when granulation is performed under the conditions of granulator rotation speed 213 rpm, input amount 1.0 ton/hour, granulation temperature 23°C to 42°C, and granulation humidity 94% to 99% RH) The relationship between the particle size distribution of the obtained granular fertilizer was investigated.The results are shown in Figure 3.

From the results in Figure 3, it was confirmed that when cow dung compost is used, nearly 70% of granular organic fertilizer with a particle size of 2 to 8 mm can be produced when the moisture content of the organic raw material is 58% or more and 64% or less.

In the production of organic fertilizer using the conventional extrusion granulation method, it is necessary to reduce the water content of the organic raw materials to approximately 30 to 40%, so it is necessary to evaporate the water content of the organic raw materials by heating (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 1) It was confirmed that the manufacturing method of the present invention does not require a heating operation and is useful for reducing production costs and preventing bad odors.

The granulated material obtained in the above granulation step was dried in the natural sun until the moisture disappeared, and granular organic fertilizer with a particle size of 2 to 8 mm was collected using a standard wire mesh for sieving specified in JIS_Z8801.

FIG. 4 shows a photograph comparing the shapes of the obtained granular organic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer pellet obtained by the conventional extrusion granulation method.

From the comparison photograph in FIG. 4, it can be seen that the granular organic fertilizer of the present invention has a shape and size that can be mixed with chemical fertilizers, and is a suitable shape for being applied mechanically to fields.

Furthermore, the granular fertilizer of the present invention had significantly improved odor compared to conventional fertilizer made from cow dung compost.

Example 2 (Production of granular organic fertilizer using cow dung compost as raw material)
Using cow dung compost with a moisture content of 62% as a raw material, using the same granulator as that used in Example 1, the rotation speed of the granulator was 213 rpm, the raw material input amount was 1.0 ton/hour, and granulation was carried out. Granulation of organic fertilizer under the conditions of temperature 14.6°C and granulation humidity 92.2% RH (temperature/humidity logger: SK-L754, SKL-754 sensor: SK-L754-2, manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) I did it.

The granules obtained by the above granulation process were divided into four groups A to D in order to investigate the influence of the drying method. Samples A and B were dried in the natural sun, and samples C and D were dried using a dryer. Classified. Samples A and B were stored in a greenhouse for 8 days to produce granular fertilizer sample A and granular fertilizer sample B. Regarding Sample C, 16 kg of granules were dried at a temperature of 200° C. for 40 minutes using a rotary kiln (manufactured by Zhangjiagang MG Machinery Co., Ltd.) as a dryer to produce Sample C of granular fertilizer. Sample D was prepared by drying 16 kg of granules at 200° C. for 20 minutes using a rotary kiln (manufactured by Zhangjiagang MG Machinery Co., Ltd.).

The component contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, which are active ingredients in the fertilizer, were measured for the obtained granular fertilizer and the cow dung compost used as a raw material. The measurement method was as follows in accordance with the Fertilizer Testing Method (2021) of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Consumer Safety Technology Center (FAMIC), an independent administrative agency.

To measure the nitrogen content, add sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate to the analytical sample, pre-treat the sample using the Kjeldahl method to convert the total nitrogen content to ammonium ions, add sodium hydroxide solution, and evaporate with water vapor. Distill. The separated ammonia was collected with sulfuric acid, the excess sulfuric acid was titrated (neutralized) with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the total amount of nitrogen in the analysis sample was determined by the Kjeldahl method (4.1.1.a).

To measure the component content of phosphoric acid, add sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate to the analysis sample, perform Kjeldahl decomposition, convert all phosphorus to phosphate ions, and convert it to ammonium vanadate (V) and heptamolybdate. The absorbance of phosphorus vanadomolybdate produced by reaction with hexaammonium and nitric acid was measured, and the measurement was carried out using vanadomolybdate ammonium spectrophotometry (4.2.1.a), which determines the total amount of phosphoric acid in the analysis sample.

To measure the potassium component content, pre-treat the analysis sample by ashing and boiling in hydrochloric acid to convert the total amount of potassium into potassium ions, measure the intensity of the emission line with a wavelength of 766.5 nm generated in the flame, and determine the total amount of potassium in the analysis sample. Performed by flame photometry (4.3.1.a). The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 5.

From the results in Table 1 and Figure 5, regarding the nitrogen component content, the nitrogen content was 0.91% in the raw material compost, but it was 2.31% and 2.24% in the sun-dried sample A and sample B, respectively. Sample C obtained by mechanical drying increased by 2.03%, and Sample D by 1.79%, both of which increased about twice or more than twice. It was confirmed that this nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of the known cow dung compost described in Non-Patent Document 1, which was 1.1%.

Regarding the phosphoric acid component content, the nitrogen content increased from 0.98% in the raw material compost to 2.65% and 2.37% in the sun-dried sample A and sample B, respectively, and the nitrogen content increased to 2.65% and 2.37% in the sun-dried sample A and sample B, respectively. Sample C increased by 2.28%, and Sample D increased by 1.94%, both of which increased by approximately 2 to 2 times or more. It was confirmed that this phosphoric acid content was significantly higher than that of the known cow dung compost described in Non-Patent Document 1, which had a phosphoric acid content of 1.1%.

Furthermore, regarding the potassium content, the potassium content increased from 1.97% in the raw material compost to 4.6% and 4.23% in the sun-dried sample A and sample B, respectively, and the potassium content increased to 4.6% and 4.23% in the sun-dried sample A and sample B, respectively. Sample C increased by 3.7%, and Sample D increased by 3.17%, both of which increased by about 1.5 times or more. It was confirmed that this has a significantly higher potassium content than the known cow dung compost described in Non-Patent Document 1, which has a potassium content of 2.1%.

In order to confirm the concentration effect of the relative component content, the nitrogen component amount and phosphorus component amount of each sample A, B, C, and D were determined when the nitrogen component amount, phosphoric acid component amount, and potassium component amount of the raw material compost were set to 1. The relative values of the acid component amount and potassium component amount with respect to the raw material compost were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. 6.

According to Table 2 and FIG. 6, in sample D, which was dried at 200°C for 40 minutes, the granular organic fertilizer obtained by the production method of the present invention contained 1.97 times the nitrogen content and 1.97 times the phosphoric acid content of the raw material compost. Sample C, which was dried at 200°C for 20 minutes, had 2.23 times more nitrogen, 2.33 times more phosphoric acid, and 1.88 times more potassium than the raw compost. . In comparison, the sun-dried granular organic fertilizer has 2.46 times more nitrogen, 2.42 times more phosphoric acid, and 2.15 times more potassium than the raw material compost in sample B, and 2.54 times more nitrogen in sample A than the raw material compost. All the main effective ingredients of fertilizer were more than twice as high, phosphoric acid was 2.71 times higher, and potassium was 2.34 times higher.

Example 3 (Production of granular organic fertilizer using chicken manure compost)
Using chicken manure compost with a moisture content of 52.7% as a raw material, using the same granulator as that used in Example 1, the rotation speed of the granulator was 213 rpm, the raw material input amount was 1.0 ton/hour, Granulation was carried out under the following conditions: granulation temperature: 37.0°C, granulation humidity: 98.0% RH (temperature/humidity logger: SK-L754, SKL-754 sensor: SK-L754-2, manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) went.

The granules obtained by the granulation process were naturally dried in the sun (stored in a greenhouse for 8 days) to obtain granular fertilizer. It was visually observed that about 60-70% of the 2-8 mm granulated fertilizer could be produced.
The component contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, which are active ingredients in the fertilizer, were measured for the obtained granular fertilizer and the chicken manure compost used as a raw material. The measurement method was as follows in accordance with the Fertilizer Testing Method (2021) of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Consumer Safety Technology Center (FAMIC), an independent administrative agency.

To measure the nitrogen content, add sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate to the analytical sample, pre-treat the sample using the Kjeldahl method to convert the total nitrogen content to ammonium ions, add sodium hydroxide solution, and evaporate with water vapor. Distill. The separated ammonia was collected with sulfuric acid, the excess sulfuric acid was titrated (neutralized) with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the total amount of nitrogen in the analysis sample was determined by the Kjeldahl method (4.1.1.a).

To measure the component content of phosphoric acid, add sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate to the analysis sample, perform Kjeldahl decomposition, convert all phosphorus to phosphate ions, and convert it to ammonium vanadate (V) and heptamolybdate. The absorbance of phosphorus vanadomolybdate produced by reaction with hexaammonium and nitric acid was measured, and the measurement was carried out using vanadomolybdate ammonium spectrophotometry (4.2.1.a), which determines the total amount of phosphoric acid in the analysis sample.
The results are shown in Table 3.

Compared to cow manure, chicken manure is rich in nitrogen and phosphoric acid when it is turned into a raw material compost, but when it becomes granular fertilizer, the ingredients become even more concentrated, resulting in a very high content of 5.04% nitrogen and 3.84% phosphoric acid. Indicated. Potassium was 1.58% in chicken manure raw material compost, which was lower than 1.97% in cow manure compost, but it increased to 3.33% when converted into granular fertilizer.

In order to confirm the concentration effect of relative component contents, the nitrogen component amount, phosphoric acid component amount, and potassium component amount of granular chicken manure fertilizer were calculated when the nitrogen component amount, phosphoric acid component amount, and potassium component amount of the raw material compost were set to 1. The relative value of the amount to the raw material compost was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4.

It was confirmed that each component was concentrated by 1.95 to 2.11 times by converting it into granular fertilizer, and that a granular fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphoric acid could be produced that took advantage of the characteristics of chicken manure compost raw material.

Example 4 (Production of granular organic fertilizer using pig manure compost as raw material)
Pig manure compost with a moisture content of 53.2% was used as a raw material, and the same granulator as that used in Example 1 was used to granulate the granulator at a rotation speed of 213 rpm and an input amount of 1.0 ton/hour. Granulation was carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 37.5°C and a granulation humidity of 98.9% RH (temperature/humidity logger: SK-L754, SKL-754 sensor: SK-L754-2, manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). . It was visually observed that about 70% of the 2-8 mm granulated fertilizer could be produced. The granules obtained through the granulation process (same as in the case of cow dung compost) were naturally sun-dried.

The component contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, which are active ingredients in the fertilizer, were measured for the obtained granular fertilizer and the pig poop compost used as a raw material. The measurement method was as follows in accordance with the Fertilizer Testing Method (2021) of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Consumer Safety Technology Center (FAMIC), an independent administrative agency.

To measure the nitrogen content, add sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate to the analytical sample, pre-treat the sample using the Kjeldahl method to convert the total nitrogen content to ammonium ions, add sodium hydroxide solution, and evaporate with water vapor. Distill. The separated ammonia was collected with sulfuric acid, the excess sulfuric acid was titrated (neutralized) with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the total amount of nitrogen in the analysis sample was determined by the Kjeldahl method (4.1.1.a).

To measure the component content of phosphoric acid, add sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate to the analysis sample, perform Kjeldahl decomposition, convert all phosphorus to phosphate ions, and convert it to ammonium vanadate (V) and heptamolybdate. The absorbance of phosphorus vanadomolybdate produced by reaction with hexaammonium and nitric acid was measured, and the measurement was carried out using vanadomolybdate ammonium spectrophotometry (4.2.1.a), which determines the total amount of phosphoric acid in the analysis sample.

To measure the potassium component content, pre-treat the analysis sample by ashing and boiling in hydrochloric acid to convert the total amount of potassium into potassium ions, measure the intensity of the emission line with a wavelength of 766.5 nm generated in the flame, and determine the total amount of potassium in the analysis sample. Performed by flame photometry (4.3.1.a).
The results are shown in Table 5.

Compared to cow manure, pig manure is rich in nitrogen and phosphoric acid at the raw material compost stage, but when it becomes granular fertilizer, the ingredients are even more concentrated, and the content is extremely high at 3.99% nitrogen and 3.81% phosphoric acid. showed that. Potassium was 1.34% in the pig manure raw material compost, which was lower than 1.97% in the cow manure compost, but it increased to 2.69% by converting it into granular fertilizer.

In order to confirm the concentration effect of relative component contents, we calculated the nitrogen component amount, phosphoric acid component amount, and potassium component amount of granular pig manure fertilizer when the nitrogen component amount, phosphoric acid component amount, and potassium component amount of raw material compost are set to 1. The relative values of the component amounts with respect to the raw material compost were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 6.

It was confirmed that each component was concentrated by 1.84 to 2.05 times by converting into granular fertilizer, and that a granular fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphoric acid could be produced that took advantage of the characteristics of pig manure compost raw material.

As described above, in the method of manufacturing organic fertilizer using animal-derived organic raw materials, granulation is performed using a stirring mixer granulator characterized by a large number of pins of the same size arranged at equal intervals in a spiral shape. Unlike traditional organic fertilizers by carrying out granulation. It was confirmed that it is possible to produce granular fertilizer that is easy to mix with chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, by examining the moisture content of animal-derived organic raw materials, it was confirmed that it was possible to produce granules containing 65% or more of granular organic fertilizer with a particle size of 2 to 8 mm, which is easy to mix with chemical fertilizers, and the production efficiency of the product is high. It was understood that it was a manufacturing method.

In addition, the granular organic fertilizer with a particle size of 2 to 8 mm obtained by this production method contains approximately twice as much of the three major components of fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, and is an extremely superior fertilizer. The effect was desired. In addition, the odor that is characteristic of organic fertilizers was less than that of conventional organic fertilizers. In particular, it has been confirmed that cow dung fertilizer is a beneficial fertilizer that does not have the drawbacks of cow dung fertilizer, which has been said to have a small amount of the three major elements compared to other livestock, although it has been recognized that it has an accumulation effect in the soil. .

1. Granulator 2. Rotating shaft 3. Inlet port 4. Outlet 5. Pin 6. Screw feather7. Flange 8. motor

Claims (21)

A granular organic fertilizer using animal-derived organic raw materials and having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm, with a nitrogen content of at least 1.5 times that of the organic raw material, a phosphoric acid content of at least 1.5 times that of the organic raw material, and potassium content. An organic fertilizer characterized in that the ratio is 1.3 times or more that of organic raw materials. 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the animal-derived organic material is livestock manure compost or livestock manure. It is characterized by having a nitrogen content rate of 1.5 to 4 times that of organic raw materials, a phosphoric acid content rate of 1.5 to 3.5 times that of organic raw materials, and a potassium content rate of 1.3 to 4 times that of organic raw materials. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or claim 2. Livestock manure compost or livestock dung is cow manure compost or cow dung, and nitrogen has a component content of 1.5 to 4.5%, phosphoric acid has a component content of 1.5 to 5%, and potassium has a component content of 2.5%. The organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the organic fertilizer has a content of 6% to 6%. The organic material according to claim 4, characterized in that nitrogen has a component content of 1.5 to 2.5%, phosphoric acid has a component content of 1.5 to 3%, and potassium has a component content of 3 to 5%. fertilizer. The livestock manure compost or livestock manure is pig manure compost or pig manure, and the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, the phosphoric acid content is 3 to 12%, and the potassium content is 2 to 7%. The organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized by: The organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that the content of nitrogen is 3 to 4.5%, the content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 5%, and the content of potassium is 2 to 5%. Livestock manure compost or livestock manure is chicken manure compost or chicken manure, and is characterized by having a nitrogen content of 3 to 9%, a phosphoric acid content of 3 to 15%, and a potassium content of 2 to 10%. The organic fertilizer according to claim 2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that the content of nitrogen is 4 to 6%, the content of phosphoric acid is 3 to 5%, and the content of potassium is 2.5 to 4%. A process of granulating animal-derived organic raw materials by injecting them into a stirring mixer granulator with a pin-shaped feature,
a step of drying the granules obtained in the granulation step;
A method for producing a granular organic fertilizer, comprising the step of separating the dried granules obtained in the drying step into granular organic fertilizers having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm using a sieving machine. 11. The production method according to claim 10, wherein the animal-derived organic raw material has a moisture content of 50 to 64%. 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, characterized in that the input amount of animal-derived organic raw materials is 1 ton/hour or less. 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring/mixing granulator is 100 to 300 rpm. 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, wherein the drying step is drying in the sun or using a dryer. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein the amount of dry granules removed by sieving is 35% or less. 16. The production method according to claim 15, wherein the animal-derived organic material is livestock manure compost or livestock manure. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the pin shape of the agitation mixing granulator includes a large number of pins of the same size arranged spirally around the rotating shaft at equal intervals. . A process of granulating animal-derived organic raw materials using a stirring mixer granulator characterized by a rotating shaft having a large number of pins of the same size arranged spirally at equal intervals;
a step of drying the granules obtained in the granulation step;
The product is characterized by the step of separating the dried granules obtained in the drying step into granular organic fertilizer having a particle size of 2 to 8 mm using a sieving machine.
Production of an organic fertilizer characterized in that the nitrogen content is 1.5 times or more that of organic raw materials, the phosphoric acid content is 1.5 times or more that of organic raw materials, and the potassium content is 1.3 times or more that of organic raw materials. Method. The organic raw material derived from animals is cow dung or cow dung compost, and the content of nitrogen is 1.5 to 4.5%, the content of phosphoric acid is 1.5 to 5%, and the content of potassium is 2.5 to 4.5%. 19. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 10 or 18, wherein the content is 6%. The animal-derived organic material is pig manure or pig manure compost, and the nitrogen content is 3 to 9%, the phosphoric acid content is 3 to 12%, and the potassium content is 2 to 7%. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 10 or 18, characterized in that: The animal-derived organic material is chicken manure or chicken manure compost, and is characterized by having a nitrogen content of 3 to 9%, a phosphoric acid content of 3 to 15%, and a potassium content of 2 to 10%. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 10 or 18.

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