JP2023525818A - リチウム二次電池用電解質およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用電解質およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023525818A JP2023525818A JP2022568901A JP2022568901A JP2023525818A JP 2023525818 A JP2023525818 A JP 2023525818A JP 2022568901 A JP2022568901 A JP 2022568901A JP 2022568901 A JP2022568901 A JP 2022568901A JP 2023525818 A JP2023525818 A JP 2023525818A
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- lithium secondary
- group
- secondary battery
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- unsubstituted
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
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Abstract
Description
X1およびX2はそれぞれ独立してO、S、CRaRbまたはNRcであり、ただし、X1およびX2の少なくとも一つはOまたはSであり、
L1は置換若しくは非置換のC1~C10アルキレン基または置換若しくは非置換のC2~C10アルケニレン基であり、
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して水素、C1~C10アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1~C10アルコキシ基、置換若しくは非置換のC2~C10アルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C10シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C10シクロアルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC6~C20アリール基、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、
nは1~3のいずれか一つの整数である。
X1、X2、L1、およびR1~R4の定義は前述したとおりである。
L1、R1~R4、およびnの定義は前述したとおりである。
[化学式2]
LiaNix1Coy1Mz1O2
前記化学式2において、
0.9≦a≦1.8,0.5<x1≦1,0<y1≦0.5,0<z1≦0.5,x1+y1+z1=1であり、
MはNi、Co、Mn、Al、Ti、Mg、Zr、Ca、Nb、Fe、P、F、Bまたはこれらの組み合わせである。
X1およびX2はそれぞれ独立してO、S、CRaRbまたはNRcであり、ただし、X1およびX2の少なくとも一つはOまたはSであり、
L1は置換若しくは非置換のC1~C10アルキレン基または置換若しくは非置換のC2~C10アルケニレン基であり、
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して水素、C1~C10アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1~C10アルコキシ基、置換若しくは非置換のC2~C10アルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C10シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C10シクロアルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC6~C20アリール基、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、
nは1~3のいずれか一つの整数である。
X1、X2、L1、およびR1~R4の定義は前述したとおりであり、
R1’、R1”、R2’、およびR2”に対する定義は前述したR1およびR2の定義と同じである。
L1、R1~R4、およびnの定義は前述したとおりである。
LiaA1-bXbD2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5);LiaA1-bXbO2-cDc(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05);LiaE1-bXbO2-cDc(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05);LiaE2-bXbO4-cDc(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05);LiaNi1-b-cCobXcDα(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.5,0<α≦2);LiaNi1-b-cCobXcO2-αTα(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05,0<α<2);LiaNi1-b-cCobXcO2-αT2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05,0<α<2);LiaNi1-b-cMnbXcDα(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05,0<α≦2);LiaNi1-b-cMnbXcO2-αTα(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05,0<α<2);LiaNi1-b-cMnbXcO2-αT2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.5,0≦c≦0.05,0<α<2);LiaNibEcGdO2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.9,0≦c≦0.5,0.001≦d≦0.1);LiaNibCocMndGeO2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦b≦0.9,0≦c≦0.5,0≦d≦0.5,0.001≦e≦0.1);LiaNiGbO2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0.001≦b≦0.1);LiaCoGbO2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0.001≦b≦0.1);LiaMn1-bGbO2(0.90≦a≦1.8,0.001≦b≦0.1);LiaMn2GbO4(0.90≦a≦1.8,0.001≦b≦0.1);LiaMn1-gGgPO4(0.90≦a≦1.8,0≦g≦0.5);QO2;QS2;LiQS2;V2O5;LiV2O5;LiZO2;LiNiVO4;Li(3-f)J2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2);Li(3-f)Fe2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2);LiaFePO4(0.90≦a≦1.8)
[化学式5]
LiaNix1Coy1Mz1O2
前記化学式5において、
0.9≦a≦1.8,0.5<x1≦1,0<y1≦0.5,0<z1≦0.5,x1+y1+z1=1であり、
MはNi、Co、Mn、Al、Ti、Mg、Zr、Ca、Nb、Fe、P、F、Bまたはこれらの組み合わせである。
合成例1:化学式1-bで表される化合物の合成
無水トルエン200mlに2-Chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane(25.30g;0.20mol)を溶解させた溶液に無水トルエン200mlに3-hydroxypropionitrile(14.22g;0.20mol)およびtriethylamine(22.26g;0.22mol)を溶解させた溶液を添加して0℃で30分間マグネチック攪拌機を用いて混ぜた。その後、約15時間の間溶液を攪拌した状態で置いた。その後、前記溶液を白色沈殿物から濾過して、前記沈殿物をフィルタ上で少量の無水トルエンで洗浄した。濾過した溶液を洗浄液と混合した後、前記溶液を回転蒸発させて溶媒(トルエン)を除去した。残留した黄色を帯びるオイルを減圧下で分別蒸留して弱く黄色を帯びる下記化学式1-bで表されるシロップ生成物を収得した。前記化学式1-bで表される化合物の収率は約61.8%であり、1Torrで沸点(b.p.)は約115℃である。
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, 25° C): δ 117.38 (CN), 64.31 (d, JCP= 9.6 Hz, OCH2CH2O), 57.46 (d, JCP= 15.3 Hz, OCH2CH2CN), 20.53 (d, JCP= 4.8 Hz, OCH2CH2CN).
31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3, 25 °C): δ 134.91.
正極活物質としてLi[Ni0.88Co0.105Al0.015]O2、バインダとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドおよび導電材としてカーボンブラックをそれぞれ98:1:1の重量比で混合して、N-メチルピロリドンに分散させて正極活物質スラリーを製造した。
(電解質の組成)
- 塩:LiPF6 1.5M
- 溶媒:エチレンカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、およびジメチルカーボネートの体積比が2:2:6になるように添加する(EC:EMC:DMC=2:2:6)。
- 添加剤:フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)3重量%および前記化学式1-bで表される化合物1.0重量%(ただし、前記電解質組成で「重量%」は電解質全体(リチウム塩+非水性有機溶媒+添加剤)100重量%を基準としたものである。)
前記実施例1で、前記化学式1-bで表される化合物の含有量を0.5重量%に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様の方法で行って実施例2によるリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で、前記化学式1-bで表される化合物の含有量を1.5重量%に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様の方法で行って実施例3によるリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で添加剤のうち前記化学式1-bで表される化合物を使用しなかったことを除いては前記実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
前記実施例1で添加剤のうち前記化学式1-bで表される化合物の代わりに環状ホスホン系官能基でない線状ホスホン系官能基を有する下記化学式6で表される化合物を使用したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
評価1:高温貯蔵後の抵抗増加率の評価
実施例1~3および比較例1、2により製作されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池を60℃で充電状態(SOC,state of charge=100%)で50日間放置して、高温(60℃)放置時の内部抵抗増加率を評価してその結果を下記表1に示した。
実施例1~3および比較例1、2により製造されたセルを常温(25℃)で4Aおよび4.2Vで充電して100mAでカット-オフして30分間休止させた。その後、10Aおよび10秒、1Aおよび10秒、そして10Aおよび4秒でそれぞれ放電後、18秒地点および23秒地点それぞれでの電流および電圧を測定して、ΔR=ΔV/ΔI式によって初期抵抗(18秒地点での抵抗と23秒地点での抵抗の差異)を計算した。
<式1>
抵抗増加率=[50日放置した後のDC-IR/初期DC-IR]×100
実施例1~3および比較例1、2により製作されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池を60℃で充電状態(SOC,state of charge=100%)で50日間放置して、高温(60℃)放置時の容量維持率および容量回復率を評価してその結果を下記表2、図3および図4に示した。
<式2>
容量維持率(%)=(50日放置した後1次放電容量/初期放電容量)×100
<式3>
容量回復率(%)=(50日放置した後2次放電容量/初期放電容量)×100
実施例1および比較例1、2による電解質に対して25℃でのリニアスイープボルタンメトリー(linear Sweep Voltammetry:LSV)を用いて酸化電極分解を評価した。測定時、作業電極(working electrode)としてはCu電極を、対極(counter electrode)と基準電極(reference electrode)としてはLiを利用した3電極電気化学セルを用いた。
この時、スキャンは2.5V~7.0V範囲で1mV/sec速度で行い、結果は図5に示した。
112 負極
113 セパレータ
114 正極
120 電池容器
140 封入部材
Claims (11)
- 非水性有機溶媒;
リチウム塩;および
下記化学式1で表される添加剤
を含む、リチウム二次電池用電解質:
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立してO、S、CRaRbまたはNRcであり、
ただし、X1およびX2の少なくとも一つは、OまたはSであり、
L1は、置換若しくは非置換のC1~C10アルキレン基または置換若しくは非置換のC2~C10アルケニレン基であり、
R1~R4は、それぞれ独立して水素、C1~C10アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1~C10アルコキシ基、置換若しくは非置換のC2~C10アルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C10シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C10シクロアルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC6~C20アリール基、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、
nは、1~3のいずれか一つの整数である。 - 前記R1~R4は、それぞれ独立して水素、C1~C6アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1~C6アルコキシ基、置換若しくは非置換のC2~C6アルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C6シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC3~C6シクロアルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC6~C10アリール基、またはこれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記L1は、置換若しくは非置換のC1~C6アルキレン基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物は、前記リチウム二次電池用電解質の総量に対して0.1重量%~10重量%の含有量で含まれる、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物は、前記リチウム二次電池用電解質の総量に対して0.1重量%~3.0重量%の含有量で含まれる、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 正極活物質を含む正極;
負極活物質を含む負極;および
請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の電解質
を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルおよびこれらの組み合わせより選ばれる金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物のうち少なくとも1種を含む、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、下記化学式2で表されるものである、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[化学式2]
LiaNix1Coy1Mz1O2
前記化学式2において、
0.9≦a≦1.8,0.5<x1≦1,0<y1≦0.5,0<z1≦0.5,x1+y1+z1=1であり、
Mは、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、Ti、Mg、Zr、Ca、Nb、Fe、P、F、Bまたはこれらの組み合わせである。
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