JP2023525209A - 積層造形による製造可能である構造応用の高強度アルミニウム合金 - Google Patents
積層造形による製造可能である構造応用の高強度アルミニウム合金 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023525209A JP2023525209A JP2022559311A JP2022559311A JP2023525209A JP 2023525209 A JP2023525209 A JP 2023525209A JP 2022559311 A JP2022559311 A JP 2022559311A JP 2022559311 A JP2022559311 A JP 2022559311A JP 2023525209 A JP2023525209 A JP 2023525209A
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- aluminum alloy
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- -1 scandium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910016570 AlCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016943 AlZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005563 spheronization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
“https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aluminium_alloy#alloy_designaitions”を参照できる。
表1に示す組成を有する種々のアルミニウム合金は、直接金属レーザ焼結(DMLS)によって試験体に加工した。このような方法で製造された試験体は、それらの硬度、23℃での降伏強度および引張強度に関して調べた。 これらの試験の結果も表1に示す。
例1によるアルミニウム合金で作られた試験体(-●-)は、その降伏強度特性に関して他の材料で作られた対応する試験体と比較した。比較材料として、スカルマロイ(DMLS加工、-◇-)、アルミニウム合金AW2618(鍛造、T6、-□-)、アルミニウム合金7075(T6、-▲-)、アルミニウム合金2024(T6、-×-)、およびアダロイ(DMLS加工、-○-)で作られた試験体が使用された。比較材料のデータは、文献または対応するデータシートから取得される。これらの材料で作られた試験試料の降伏強度は図2に示される。
Claims (15)
- 最も関連合金化元素としてCu、Zn,またはSi/Mgを持つ粉末状アルミニウム合金であって、Mo,Nb,Zr,Fe,Ti,Ta,Vおよびランタノイド元素を含む群M1から選択される金属を1~15重量%の含有量でさらに有することを特徴とする粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- 群M1、好ましくはZrおよび/またはTiからの金属を少なくとも1.3重量%、好ましくは2.0重量%、8.0重量%まで、さらに好ましくは2.5重量%、5.0重量%までの含有量で有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- Cuを4~6重量%、Mgを0.1~1.5重量%、およびAgを0.1~1重量%の含有量で有し、好ましくは前記合金の99重量%までの残りの割合はアルミニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- 少なくとも4.5重量%および/または多くても5.8重量%、好ましくは少なくとも4.8重量%および/または多くても5.5重量%のCu、少なくとも0.2重量%および/または多くても1.5重量%、好ましくは少なくとも0.3重量%および/または多くても1.2重量%のMg、および少なくとも0.05重量%および/または多くても0.6重量%、好ましくは少なくとも0.2重量%および/または多くても0.4重量%のAgの含有量を有する請求項3に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- 0.2重量%まで、好ましくは0.05~0.15重量%の酸素、0.6重量%まで、好ましくは0.2~0.55重量%のマンガン、および0.3重量%まで、好ましくは0.05~0.15重量%のシリコンをさらに含む請求項3に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- 0.1~500μmの範囲、好ましくは少なくとも1および/または多くても200μm、特に好ましくは少なくとも10および/または多くても80μmの平均粒径d50を有することを特徴とする請求項1~5いずれか1項に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- 金属ホウ化物、金属窒化物および金属炭化物を0.2重量%未満、好ましくは0.1重量%未満、より好ましくは0.05重量%の含有量で有することを特徴とする請求項1~5いずれか1項に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金。
- 前述の請求項のいずれかの粉末状アルミニウム合金の製造方法であって、
液体合金を>850℃、好ましくは>1050℃の温度で霧化する工程、またはメカニカルアロイングおよび任意に後処理の工程を含むことを特徴とする粉末状アルミニウム合金の製造方法。 - 三次元物体の製造方法であって、前記物体はビルドアップ材料層を層ごとに適用すること、および前記ビルドアップ材料を選択的に固化することによって、特にその層内の物体の断面に関連する各層内の位置で、放射線エネルギーの供給によって、好ましくは少なくとも1つの照射領域、特にエネルギービームの放射線照射領域、を持つ位置で走査することによって、または前記ビルドアップ材料を放射線照射領域に導入すること、それを溶かして基板に適用することによって、製造され、
前記ビルドアップ材料は請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金、または対応するワイヤ形状アルミニウム合金、を含む、好ましくはからなる三次元物体の製造方法。 - 前記粉末状アルミニウム合金は、好ましくは少なくとも100℃、より好ましくは高くとも400℃の温度で予熱される請求項9に記載の方法。
- 製造される三次元物体は、好ましくは少なくとも400~500℃の温度および/または20~200分の期間で、熱処理に委ねられる請求項9または10に記載の方法。
- 粉末状アルミニウム合金を用いて製造される、特に請求項8に記載の方法により製造される、三次元物体であって、前記粉末状アルミニウム合金は請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金であり、前記三次元物体はそのようなアルミニウム合金を含むか、またはからなる、三次元物体。
- 少なくとも400MPaおよび/または多くとも550MPa、好ましくは少なくとも440MPa、特に好ましくは460~500MPaの範囲の降伏強度、および/または450MPa、好ましくは少なくとも470MPaおよび/または多くとも550MPa、特に好ましくは500~550MPaの範囲の引張強度を有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の三次元物体。
- 請求項9に記載の方法を実行するための製造装置であって、レーザ焼結装置またはレーザ融解装置と、容器壁を持つ開放容器として設計される処理チャンバと、前記処理チャンバに設置される支持体と、貯蔵容器と、水平方向に移動可能であるコータとを備え、前記処理チャンバおよび前記支持体は垂直方向に互いに相対的に移動可能であり、前記貯蔵容器は請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の粉末状アルミニウム合金で少なくとも部分的に充填されている製造装置。
- Cuを4~6重量%、Mgを0.1~1.5重量%およびAgを0.1~1重量%、並びにMo,Nb,Zr,Fe,Ti,Ta,Vおよびランタノイド元素を含む群M1から選択される金属を1.3~15重量%の含有量で有し、好ましくは合金の99重量%まではアルミニウムであり、さらに好ましくは合金の100重量%の残りの割合はアルミニウム、マンガン、シリコンおよび酸素であるアルミニウム合金。
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