JP2023515518A - 添加剤、これを含むリチウム二次電池用電解液およびリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
添加剤、これを含むリチウム二次電池用電解液およびリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023515518A JP2023515518A JP2022550827A JP2022550827A JP2023515518A JP 2023515518 A JP2023515518 A JP 2023515518A JP 2022550827 A JP2022550827 A JP 2022550827A JP 2022550827 A JP2022550827 A JP 2022550827A JP 2023515518 A JP2023515518 A JP 2023515518A
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 51
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~10のシクロアルケニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2~10のアルキニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~10のシクロアルキニル基または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6~20のアリール基であり、
Lは、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキレン基である。
nは、1~5の整数のうちの一つであり、R1およびR2の定義は前述の通りである。
一実施形態で、前記化学式1のR1およびR2は同一なものであってもよい。
前記正極活物質は、ニッケル含有金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物であってもよい。
[化学式4]
LiaM1 1-y1-z1M2 y1M3 z1O2
上記化学式4中、
0.9≦a≦1.8、0≦y1≦1、0≦z1≦1、0≦y1+z1<1、M1、M2およびM3はそれぞれ独立してNi、Co、Mn、Al、Sr、MgまたはLaなどの金属およびこれらの組み合わせから選択されるいずれか一つであってもよい。
本発明の一実施形態による添加剤は下記化学式1で表される。
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~10のシクロアルケニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2~10のアルキニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~10のシクロアルキニル基または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6~20のアリール基であり、
Lは、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキレン基である。
一例として、前記添加剤は下記化学式1-1で表すことができる。
nは、1~5の整数のうちの一つであり、R1およびR2の定義は前述の通りである。
一実施形態で、前記R1およびR2は同一なものであってもよい。
前記正極活物質の例として下記化学式のうちのいずれか一つで表される化合物が挙げられる。
LiaM1 1-y1-z1M2 y1M3 z1O2
上記化学式4中、
0.9≦a≦1.8、0≦y1≦1、0≦z1≦1、0≦y1+z1<1、M1、M2およびM3はそれぞれ独立してNi、Co、Mn、Al、Sr、MgまたはLaなどの金属およびこれらの組み合わせから選択されるいずれか一つであってもよい。
製造例:化学式aで表される化合物(Carbonodithioic acid、O,O’-1,2-ethanediyl-S,S’-dimethyl ester(9Cl))の合成
1H NMR(400MHz、CDCl3):δ4.99(s、4H)、δ2.58(s、6H);13C NMR(100MHz、CDCl3):δ216.01、70.15、19.94;
正極活物質としてLiNi0.88Co0.105Al0.015O2、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドおよび導電材としてカーボンブラックをそれぞれ97:1.6:1.4の重量比で混合して、N-メチルピロリドンに分散させて正極活物質スラリーを製造した。
電解液組成は下記の通りである。
塩:LiPF6 1.5M
溶媒:エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート(EC:EMC:DMC=2:1:7の体積比)
添加剤:前記化学式aで表される化合物0.1重量%
(但し、前記電解液組成で“重量%”は電解液全体(リチウム塩+非水性有機溶媒+添加剤)含量を基準にしたものである。)
添加剤の含量を0.5重量%に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
添加剤の含量を1.0重量%に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
添加剤の含量を2.0重量%に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
添加剤の含量を3.0重量%に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
添加剤を使用しないことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
添加剤を下記化学式bで表される化合物に変更したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
添加剤の含量をそれぞれ0.5重量%、2.0重量%および3.0重量%にそれぞれ変更したことを除いては前記比較例2と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
実施例1~5および比較例1~5によって製造されたリチウム二次電池を45℃で定電流-定電圧で0.5C、4.3Vおよび0.05Cカット-オフ充電条件および定電流0.5Cおよび2.8Vカット-オフ放電条件の充放電を150回実施した後、放電容量を測定して1回放電容量に対する150サイクルでの容量比(容量維持率)を計算して表1に示した。
112:負極
113:セパレータ
114:正極
120:電池容器
140:封入部材
Claims (12)
- 前記化学式1のR1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6~20のアリール基である、請求項1に記載の添加剤。
- 前記化学式1のR1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2~10のアルケニル基である、請求項1に記載の添加剤。
- 前記化学式1のR1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基である、請求項1に記載の添加剤。
- 前記化学式1のR1およびR2は同一なものである、請求項1に記載の添加剤。
- 非水性有機溶媒、
リチウム塩、および
請求項1~6のうちのいずれか一項による添加剤
を含む、リチウム二次電池用電解液。 - 前記添加剤は、前記リチウム二次電池用電解液の総重量に対して0.1重量%~10重量%の含量で含まれる、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記添加剤は、前記リチウム二次電池用電解液の総重量に対して0.1重量%~3.0重量%の含量で含まれる、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 正極活物質を含む正極;
負極活物質を含む負極;
請求項7の電解液
を含むリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、ニッケル含有金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物である、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は下記化学式4で表されるものである、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[化学式4]
LiaM1 1-y1-z1M2 y1M3 z1O2
上記化学式4中、
0.9≦a≦1.8、0≦y1≦1、0≦z1≦1、0≦y1+z1<1、M1、M2およびM3はそれぞれ独立してNi、Co、Mn、Al、Sr、MgまたはLaなどの金属およびこれらの組み合わせから選択されるいずれか一つであってもよい。
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