JP2023500321A - キメラ抗原受容体t細胞療法 - Google Patents
キメラ抗原受容体t細胞療法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
Abstract
Description
(i)CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載の方法による)に対する対象の客観的奏効率を予測する方法であって、ピークCAR T細胞レベルを測定し、それらを参照標準と比較することを含み、客観的奏効率は、ピークCAR T細胞レベルと正に関連し、客観的奏効率は、完全奏効及び部分奏効の両方を含み、全ての応答は、Lugano分類を使用して評価される、方法、
(ii) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載の方法による)に応答する微小残存病変(例えば、4週目)を予測する方法であって、ピークCAR T細胞レベルを測定し、それらを参照標準と比較することを含み、陰性の微小残存病変が、より高いピークCAR T細胞レベルと関連する、方法、
(iii) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載の方法による)を受けた対象における、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3の神経学的事象(NE)を予測する方法であって、治療後にピークCAR T細胞増殖を測定し、そのレベルを参照値と比較することを含み、CAR T細胞増殖が高いほど、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNE事象の可能性が高くなる、方法、
(iv) グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載の方法による)後のGM-CSF及びIL-6のピークレベルを測定し、それらを参照レベルと比較することを含み、これらのサイトカインのピークレベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(v) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載の方法による)を受けた対象におけるグレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療後の血清フェリチンのピークレベルを測定し、それを参照レベルと比較することを含み、フェリチンのピークレベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のCRSの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(vi) グレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載)後の血清IL-2及びIFN-γのピークレベルを測定し、それらを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-2及びIFN-γのピークレベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のNEの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(vii) グレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載)後のC反応性タンパク質、フェリチン、IL-6、IL-8、及び/又は血管細胞接着分子(VCAM)の脳脊髄液レベルを測定し、それらを参照レベルと比較することを含み、C反応性タンパク質、フェリチン、IL-6、IL-8、及び/又は血管細胞接着分子(VCAM)の脳脊髄液レベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のNEの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(viii) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つの方法による)後のグレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、抗CD19 CAR T治療後のIL-15、IL-2Rα、IL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、フェリチン、IL-10、IL-8、MIP-1a、MIP-1b、グランザイムA、グランザイムB、及び/又はパーフォリンのピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-15、IL-2Rα、IL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、フェリチン、IL-10、IL-8、MIP-1a、MIP-1b、グランザイムA、グランザイムB、及び/又はパーフォリンのピーク血清レベルが、グレード≧3のCRSと正に関連する、方法、
(ix) B細胞ALLのCAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つの方法による)後のグレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、抗CD19 CAR T治療後のIL-15のピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-15のピーク血清レベルがグレード≧3のCRSと負に関連する、方法、
(x) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つの方法による)後のグレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEを予測する方法であって、抗CD19 CAR T治療後のIL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、IL-10、MIP-1b、及びグランザイムBのピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、IL-10、MIP-1b、及びグランザイムBのピーク血清レベルが、グレード≧3のCRS及びグレード≧3のNEと正に関連する、方法、
(xi) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、実施形態1~28のいずれか1つに記載)4週間/1ヶ月後に患者がMRD(感度10-5)陰性になるかどうかを予測する方法であって、治療後のIFN-γ、IL-6、及び/又はIL-2のピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照標準と比較することを含み、IFN-γ、IL-6、及び/又はIL-2のピーク血清レベルが、1ヶ月目のMRD陰性と正に関連する、方法。
いくつかの実施形態では、治療は、有害事象に関連している。いくつかの実施形態では、1つ以上の有害事象は、表13、14、16、又はそれらの組み合わせのうちいずれか1つに従って管理される。いくつかの実施形態では、1つ以上の有害事象は、表16の元の管理ガイドラインに従って管理される。いくつかの実施形態では、1つ以上の有害事象は、表16の改訂管理ガイドラインに従って管理される。いくつかの実施形態では、昇圧剤は、CRSを治療するために投与され得る。いくつかの実施形態では、CRSに関連する徴候又は症状には、発熱、悪寒、疲労、頻脈、悪心、低酸素症、及び低血圧が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、神経学的事象に関連する徴候又は症状には、脳症、けいれん、意識レベルの変化、発話障害、振戦、及び錯乱が挙げられる。
(a)Lee DWら(2014).Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome.Blood.2014 Jul 10;124(2):188-195.
(b)神経毒性の管理については表2を参照されたい。
(c)詳細については、ACEMTRA(登録商標)(トシリズマブ)処方情報を参照されたい、https://www.gene.com/download/pdf/actemra_prescribing.pdf(最終アクセス日2017年10月18日)。最初の米国の承認は2010年に示されている。
神経毒性
実施例2
*解析時に評価なし。†一致率は、IRRC評価による読み取り値が治験責任医師評価による読み取り値と一致する被験者のパーセンテージである。CR、完全奏功;IRRC、独立放射線審査委員会;N/A、該当せず;ORR、客観的奏効率。
実施例3
実施例4
実施例5
a.全ての奏効者間。DORは、最初の客観的奏効の日から、進行又は死亡の日まで測定される。
b.打ち切り値。
CRS(サイトカイン放出症候群)は、82人の患者のうち75人で観察され、82人の患者のうち15人における≧グレード3(Leeグレード付けシステム1)のCRSを含んだ。CRSの発症までの期間の中央値は3日(範囲、1~13)であり、CRSの継続期間の中央値は10日(範囲、1~50)であった。CRSの患者のうち、主要な症状(すなわち、患者の10%超で発現した症状)は、発熱(患者の99%)、低血圧(患者の60%)、低酸素症(患者の37%)、悪寒(患者の33%)、頻脈(患者の37%)、頭痛(患者の24%)、疲労(患者の19%)、悪心(患者の13%)、アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ増加(患者の13%)、アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ増加(患者の12%)、及び下痢(患者の11%)を含んていた。CRSに関連する重篤な事象は、低血圧、発熱、低酸素症、急性腎障害、及び頻脈を含んでいた。CRSに応答して、患者には、表13の適応症に従って、トシリズマブ及び/又はコルチコステロイドを投与し得る。
a. Lee DW et al(2014).Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome.Blood.2014 Jul 10;124(2):188-195。
b. 神経毒性の管理については表14を参照されたい。
c. 詳細については、トシリズマブの処方情報を参照されたい。
実施例6
実施例7
実施例8
75%(12/16)、及び81%(13/16)と仮定すると、推定されるORRの95%直接CIの下限は、それぞれ、35%、41%、48%、及び54%である。
実施例9
AE、有害事象;IFNγ、インターフェロンγ
実施例10
実施例11
実施例12
実施例13
Claims (36)
- マントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)又はB細胞ALLの治療が必要な対象における、その方法であって、前記対象に、抗CD19キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現している自己T細胞を含む、治療有効量のT細胞製品を投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記MCL及びB細胞ALLが、再発性又は難治性MCL及びB細胞ALLであり、任意選択的に、前記MCLが、古典型、芽球様型、及び多形性型MCLである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記MCL及びB細胞ALLが、化学療法、放射線療法、免疫療法(T細胞療法、及び/又は、抗体若しくは抗体薬物コンジュゲートによる治療を含む)、自家幹細胞移植、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせのうちの1つ以上に対して抵抗性であるか、又はその後に再発している、請求項1及び2のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、1~5種類の先行治療を受けており、任意選択的に、前記先行治療のうちの少なくとも1つが、自家SCT、抗CD20抗体、アントラサイクリン若しくはベンダムスチンを含む化学療法、及び/又は、ブルトンチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤(BTKi)から選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記BTKiが、イブルチニブ又はアカラブルチニブである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- R/R B細胞ALLが、第1選択療法に対する抵抗性(すなわち、一次治療抵抗性)、初回寛解12ヶ月以内の再発、2種類以上の先行全身療法後の再発若しくは抵抗性、又は同種幹細胞移植(SCT)後の再発として定義され、任意選択的に、前記対象は、骨髄芽球5%以上、Eastern Cooperative Oncology Groupのパフォーマンスステータスが0若しくは1、及び/又は、十分な腎、肝、及び心機能を有することが求められる、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞 ALLの対象が先行ブリナツモマブを投与されている場合、前記対象は、CD19発現が≧90%である白血病性芽球を有することが求められる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、白血球アフェレーシス後かつ前処置/リンパ球除去化学療法の前にブリッジング療法を受ける、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記MCLの対象が、静脈内シクロホスファミド500mg/m2及び静脈内フルダラビン30mg/m2のリンパ球除去化学療法レジメンを受け、その両方がT細胞注入の5日前、4日前、及び3日前に各々投与される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞ALLの対象が、T細胞注入の4日前、3日前、2日前の各々の静脈内(IV)フルダラビン25mg/m2/日と、注入の2日前のIVシクロホスファミド900mg/m2/日とのリンパ球除去レジメンを受ける、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記MCLブリッジング療法が、デキサメタゾン(例えば、PO又はIV20~40mg当量、1日1回1~4日間);メチルプレドニゾロン、イブルチニブ(例えば、PO560mg、1日1回)、及び/若しくはアカラブルチニブ(例えば、PO100mg、1日2回);免疫調節剤;R-CHOP、ベンダムスチン;アルキル化剤;並びに/又は、白金系薬剤から選択され、前記ブリッジング療法が、白血球アフェレーシス後に投与され、例えば、前処置化学療法前5日間以内に完了している、請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞製品が、正の濃縮と、その結果生ずる循環がん細胞の部分的又は完全な枯渇によって、末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)から調製される、CD4+及びCD8+CAR T細胞を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PBMCが、CD4+及びCD8+細胞の正の選択によってT細胞について濃縮され、IL-2の存在下で抗CD3及び抗CD28抗体によって活性化され、次いで、抗CD19単鎖可変フラグメント(scFv)、CD28、及びCD3ζドメインを含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)である、FMC63-28Z CARを含有する複製不全ウイルスベクターによって形質導入される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞製品が、CD4+及びCD8+T細胞について正の選択がなされていない白血球アフェレーシス産物由来のT細胞を含むT細胞製品よりも少ないがん細胞を含む、請求項13及び14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞製品が、CD4+及びCD8+T細胞について正の選択/濃縮がなされていない白血球アフェレーシス産物由来のT細胞を含むT細胞製品に対して、他の優れた製品特性を有する、請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記優れた製品特性が、CDRA45+CCR7+(ナイーブ様)T細胞の割合の増加、分化したT細胞の割合の減少、CD3+細胞の割合の増加、IFN-γ産生の減少、CD3-細胞の割合の減少から選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記MCLの対象は、体重1kg当たり1.8×106、1.9×106、又は2×106個のCAR陽性生存T細胞、最大2×108個のCAR陽性生存T細胞(100kg以上の患者の場合)を1回以上投与され、前記B細胞ALLの対象は、体重1kg当たり0.5×106、1×106、又は2×106個のCAR陽性生存T細胞、最大2×108個のCAR陽性生存T細胞(100kg以上の患者の場合)を投与される、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、初回注入に対して完全奏功を達成した場合、前記対象は、2回目の抗CD19 CAR T細胞の注入を受けることができ、3ヶ月超の寛解後に増悪した場合、CD19発現が保持され、CARに対する中和抗体の疑いがないことを条件とし、応答は、Lugano分類を使用して評価される、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- T細胞投与後、前記対象が、サイトカイン放出症候群(CRS)及び神経毒性の徴候及び症状についてモニタリングされる、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、CRS及び神経毒性の徴候及び症状について、注入後少なくとも7日間、好ましくは4週間毎日モニタリングされる、請求項20に記載の方法。
- CRSに関連する前記徴候又は症状が、発熱、悪寒、疲労、頻脈、悪心、低酸素症、及び低血圧を含み、神経学的事象に関連する前記徴候又は症状が、脳症、けいれん、意識レベルの変化、発話障害、振戦、及び錯乱を含む、請求項20及び21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記MCLの対象が、Ki-67腫瘍増殖指標が50%以上、及び/又は、TP53突然変異の存在によって決定される高リスク患者である、請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載のマントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)又はB細胞ALLを治療するための方法で使用するための、抗CD19 CARを発現している自己T細胞。
- 請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載のマントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)又はB細胞ALLを治療するための薬剤の製造における、抗CD19 CARを発現している自己T細胞の使用。
- 予測方法であって、
(i)CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)に対する対象の客観的奏効率を予測する方法であって、ピークCAR T細胞レベルを測定し、それらを参照標準と比較することを含み、客観的奏効率は、ピークCAR T細胞レベルと正に関連し、客観的奏効率は、完全奏効及び部分奏効の両方を含み、全ての応答は、Lugano分類を使用して評価される、方法、
(xii) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)に応答する微小残存病変(例えば、4週目)を予測する方法であって、ピークCAR T細胞レベルを測定し、それらを参照標準と比較することを含み、陰性の微小残存病変が、より高いピークCAR T細胞レベルと関連する、方法、
(xiii) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)を受けた対象における、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3の神経学的事象(NE)を予測する方法であって、治療後にピークCAR T細胞増殖を測定し、そのレベルを参照値と比較することを含み、CAR T細胞増殖が高いほど、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNE事象の可能性が高くなる、方法、
(xiv) グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)後のGM-CSF及びIL-6のピークレベルを測定し、それらを参照レベルと比較することを含み、これらのサイトカインのピークレベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(xv) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)を受けた対象におけるグレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療後の血清フェリチンのピークレベルを測定し、それを参照レベルと比較することを含み、フェリチンのピークレベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のCRSの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(xvi) グレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載)後の血清IL-2及びIFN-γのピークレベルを測定し、それらを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-2及びIFN-γのピークレベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のNEの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(xvii) グレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載)後のC反応性タンパク質、フェリチン、IL-6、IL-8、及び/又は血管細胞接着分子(VCAM)の脳脊髄液レベルを測定し、それらを参照レベルと比較することを含み、C反応性タンパク質、フェリチン、IL-6、IL-8、及び/又は血管細胞接着分子(VCAM)の脳脊髄液レベルが高いほど、グレード≧3のNEの可能性が高くなる、方法、
(xviii) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)後のグレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、抗CD19 CAR T治療後のIL-15、IL-2Rα、IL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、フェリチン、IL-10、IL-8、MIP-1a、MIP-1b、グランザイムA、グランザイムB、及び/又はパーフォリンのピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-15、IL-2Rα、IL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、フェリチン、IL-10、IL-8、MIP-1a、MIP-1b、グランザイムA、グランザイムB、及び/又はパーフォリンのピーク血清レベルが、グレード≧3のCRSと正に関連する、方法、
(xix) B細胞ALLのCAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)後のグレード≧3のCRSを予測する方法であって、抗CD19 CAR T治療後のIL-15のピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-15のピーク血清レベルがグレード≧3のCRSと負に関連する、方法、
(xx) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の方法による)後のグレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEを予測する方法であって、抗CD19 CAR T治療後のIL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、IL-10、MIP-1b、及びグランザイムBのピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照レベルと比較することを含み、IL-6、TNFα、GM-CSF、IL-10、MIP-1b、及びグランザイムBのピーク血清レベルが、グレード≧3のCRS及びグレード≧3のNEと正に関連する、方法、
(xxi) CAR T細胞治療(任意選択的に、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載)4週間/1ヶ月後に患者がMRD(感度10-5)陰性になるかどうかを予測する方法であって、治療後のIFN-γ、IL-6、及び/又はIL-2のピーク血清レベルを測定し、そのレベルを参照標準と比較することを含み、IFN-γ、IL-6、及び/又はIL-2のピーク血清レベルが、1ヶ月目のMRD陰性と正に関連する、方法。 - CRS及びNEが、Lee et al.,Blood 2014;124:188-195に記載される方法に従ってグレード付けされる、請求項20~24、26、27、及び30~31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記参照標準が、既知の応答、毒性のグレード、及びMRDレベルを有する患者集団の四分位分析など、バイオマーカー分野で一般的に使用される任意の方法によって確立される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- CAR T細胞レベルが、血液中のDNAマイクログラム当たりのCAR遺伝子コピー数によって測定される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- CAR T細胞注入後のグレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEと正に関連するサイトカインのレベル/活性を低下させ、グレード≧3のCRS及び/又はグレード≧3のNEを低下させることを更に含む、請求項1~34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CAR T細胞治療を必要とする対象における、(例えば、古典型、芽球様型、及び多形性型MCL、並びにB細胞ALLの)CAR T細胞治療の有効性を改善する方法であって、前記対象に投与するT細胞製品のT細胞表現型を操作することを含み、任意選択的に、前記操作は、CD3+T細胞の数を増加させること、CD3-細胞の数を減少させること、製造中のT細胞製品中のCDRA45+CCR7+(ナイーブ様)T細胞の数/割合を増加させ、かつ/又は、分化した細胞の数/割合を減少させること、T細胞によるIFN-γ産生のレベルを減少させること、を含み、前記改善は、T細胞製品中のCDRA45+CCR7+(ナイーブ様)T細胞の数/割合、及び/又は、分化した細胞の数/割合について意図的な操作を全く行わずに調製されたT細胞製品の有効性に対して観察される、方法。
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