JP2023171839A - Pest and tick control method, and pest and tick controlling aerosol - Google Patents
Pest and tick control method, and pest and tick controlling aerosol Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023171839A JP2023171839A JP2023161546A JP2023161546A JP2023171839A JP 2023171839 A JP2023171839 A JP 2023171839A JP 2023161546 A JP2023161546 A JP 2023161546A JP 2023161546 A JP2023161546 A JP 2023161546A JP 2023171839 A JP2023171839 A JP 2023171839A
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- aerosol
- mites
- injection
- pest
- pests
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いた害虫、ダニ防除方法、及び害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests and mites using a fixed-dose type aerosol, and an aerosol for controlling pests and mites.
床面や壁を徘徊するゴキブリ等の匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類を対象とし、匍匐害虫やダニ類が生息する場所や通り道に施用するタイプの殺虫剤としては、（１）燻煙剤、（２）全量噴射型エアゾール、（３）塗布型エアゾール、及び（４）ベイト剤が代表的で、それぞれ剤型上の特長を有している。 Types of insecticides that target crawling pests such as cockroaches and indoor dust mites that wander on floors and walls, and are applied to places where crawling pests and mites live and along their paths include: (1) Fumigants; (2) Full injection type aerosol, (3) Spread type aerosol, and (4) Bait agent are typical, and each has its own features in terms of dosage form.
（１）燻煙剤や（２）全量噴射型エアゾールは、薬剤を一気に室内の隅々まで放散し、所定時間（通常、２～３時間程度）室内を密閉して薬剤濃度を高め、その間、人が入室できないことから、医薬品の範疇に該当する。これらの製剤は、放散された薬剤によって、処理空間全体において匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して高い駆除効果を奏する、所謂、空間処理であることが特長である。しかし、使用される薬剤の多くは、一般的に床等に残留後は光によって分解されやすく、また、例えばゴキブリの卵に対しては駆除効果が弱いので、駆除できなかった卵が孵化する２～４週間後に繰返し施用するのが効果的とされる。このように、これらの製剤は、施用頻度が２～４週間に一度でよいというメリットを有する反面、処理前に電気器具類や食器類を養生し、また処理後には噴射沈降物の清掃作業を必要とするなどの手間を要すること、さらに、薬剤の安全性に格別留意する必要があることなどから、手軽に頻繁に採用される剤型とは言い難い。 (1) Fumigants and (2) full-volume aerosols dissipate the chemical to every corner of the room at once, seal the room for a predetermined period of time (usually about 2 to 3 hours), and increase the concentration of the drug. Since people cannot enter the room, it falls under the category of pharmaceutical products. A feature of these preparations is that they are so-called spatial treatments that have a high extermination effect on creeping pests and indoor dust mites throughout the treatment space using the dispersed chemicals. However, many of the chemicals used are generally easily decomposed by light after remaining on the floor, etc., and are also weakly effective against, for example, cockroach eggs, so eggs that cannot be exterminated may hatch. Repeated application after ~4 weeks is considered effective. As described above, these preparations have the advantage that they only need to be applied once every 2 to 4 weeks, but on the other hand, they require curing of electrical appliances and tableware before treatment, and cleaning of sprayed sediment after treatment. It is difficult to say that this is a dosage form that is easily and frequently adopted because it is time-consuming and requires special attention to the safety of the drug.
一方、局所的に面処理する（３）塗布型エアゾールや、点処理の（４）ベイト剤は、人体に対する作用が緩和な医薬部外品に該当し、（１）燻煙剤や（２）全量噴射型エアゾールに較べると使い易いが、空間処理ではなく、薬剤を処理した箇所でのみ匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して駆除効果を奏する、所謂、局所処理であるため、薬剤と害虫やダニ類との接触効率が劣り、必ずしも効率的な駆除方法を提供できるものでもない。 On the other hand, (3) spread-type aerosols that treat the surface locally and (4) bait agents that use spot treatments fall under the category of quasi-drugs that have mild effects on the human body, such as (1) smoke agents and (2) Although it is easier to use than a full-volume aerosol, it is a so-called local treatment that is effective against creeping pests and indoor dust mites only in the area treated with the chemical, rather than a spatial treatment. The contact efficiency with insects and mites is poor, and it is not necessarily possible to provide an efficient extermination method.
空間処理剤であって、ゴキブリやトコジラミのような匍匐害虫又は屋内塵性ダニ類を対象とする医薬部外品を開発するには、特に有効性と安全性に関して厳しい審査を経て薬事登録を取得する必要があり、そのハードルは高い。従って、薬事登録を要しない範疇の製品は別として、医薬部外品に該当する匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類用防除剤の開発は困難と考えられてきた。 In order to develop a quasi-drug that targets crawling pests such as cockroaches and bed bugs or indoor dust mites as a space treatment agent, it is necessary to obtain pharmaceutical registration after undergoing a particularly rigorous review regarding efficacy and safety. It is necessary to do so, and the hurdle is high. Therefore, apart from products that do not require pharmaceutical registration, it has been considered difficult to develop agents for controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites that fall under the category of quasi-drugs.
本発明者らは、先に、空間処理剤であって、医薬部外品に該当する匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類用防除剤を開発するにあたり、（１）燻煙剤や（２）全量噴射型エアゾールのような２～４週間に一度の頻度で使用される製剤ではなく、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いて噴霧処理すれば実用上十分な防除効果を奏し、人が居る状況下でも使用可能な安全性の高い製剤を目指して鋭意検討を行った。その結果、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類のみならず、噴霧当日は飛翔害虫にも有効で、極めて有用な「害虫、ダニ防除方法」（特許文献１を参照）を発明した。 The present inventors previously developed a space treatment agent for controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites, which is a quasi-drug. Rather than a formulation that is used once every 2 to 4 weeks, such as a spray-type aerosol, spraying with a fixed-dose type aerosol can provide sufficient control effects for practical purposes, and can be used even in situations where people are present. We conducted extensive research aimed at creating the safest possible formulation. As a result, we have invented an extremely useful "method for controlling pests and mites" (see Patent Document 1), which is effective against not only creeping pests and indoor dust mites, but also flying pests on the day of spraying.
特許文献１の害虫、ダニ防除方法では、エアゾールの噴射特性として、噴射後の噴霧粒子が、浮遊性粒子と、壁面等への付着並びに床面への沈降に関わる付着性粒子とに形成され、基本的に１～２日に１回の定量噴霧処理を行うことで、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類を防除することができるものである。しかしながら、害虫、ダニ防除方法の利便性をさらに改善するためには、防除効果と安全性を確保しつつ、特許文献１の害虫、ダニ防除方法において１～２日に１回であった施用頻度をより少なくすることが望まれる。 In the pest and mite control method of Patent Document 1, the aerosol injection characteristics include that the spray particles after injection are formed into floating particles and adhesive particles that adhere to walls etc. and settle to the floor surface, Basically, by performing a metered spray treatment once every 1 to 2 days, it is possible to control creeping pests and indoor dust mites. However, in order to further improve the convenience of the pest and mite control method, it is necessary to apply the application frequency, which was once every 1 to 2 days in the pest and mite control method of Patent Document 1, while ensuring the pest control effect and safety. It is desirable to reduce the amount of
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いて行うことができる簡便な害虫、ダニ防除方法、及び害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a simple method for controlling pests and mites that can be carried out using a fixed-rate spray type aerosol, and an aerosol for controlling pests and mites. do.
上記課題を解決するための本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法の特徴構成は、
定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いた害虫、ダニ防除方法であって、
処理空間に害虫、ダニ防除成分を含む定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを噴射し、空間処理のための雰囲気を生成する噴射工程と、
空間処理のための雰囲気が生成された処理空間を６０分以内閉鎖する閉鎖工程と、
を包含することにある。
The characteristic structure of the pest and mite control method according to the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows:
A method for controlling pests and mites using a fixed-dose type aerosol,
an injection step of injecting a metered amount aerosol containing pest and mite control ingredients into the treatment space to create an atmosphere for space treatment;
a closing step of closing the processing space in which the atmosphere for space processing has been generated for within 60 minutes;
The goal is to include the following.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いて空間処理を行うものであるため、人が居る状況下でも安全性の高い害虫、ダニ防除のための処理を行うことができる。空間処理においては、処理空間に害虫、ダニ防除成分を含む定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを噴射し、空間処理のための雰囲気が生成された後、処理空間を６０分以内閉鎖することで、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果を向上させることができる。このような空間処理による害虫、ダニ防除方法は、従来の害虫、ダニ防除方法と比較して、防除効果と安全性を確保しつつ、製剤の施用頻度を低減することができる。 According to the method for controlling pests and mites of this configuration, since space treatment is carried out using a fixed-rate aerosol, it is possible to perform highly safe pest and mite control treatment even in situations where people are present. I can do it. In spatial treatment, a metered-dose aerosol containing pest and mite control components is sprayed into the treatment space, and after an atmosphere for spatial treatment is created, the treatment space is closed within 60 minutes to eliminate creeping pests and mites. The control effect against indoor dust mites can be improved. Compared to conventional methods for controlling pests and mites, such a spatial treatment method for controlling pests and mites can reduce the frequency of application of the preparation while ensuring control effects and safety.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記閉鎖工程において、閉鎖時間を１５分以上とすることが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
In the closing step, the closing time is preferably 15 minutes or more.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、閉鎖工程において、閉鎖時間を１５分以上とすることで、空間処理のための雰囲気が生成された処理空間の閉鎖時間が１５～６０分となるため、使用者の利便性を考慮しながら、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して高い防除効果が奏され、製剤の施用頻度を低減することができる。 According to the pest and mite control method of this configuration, by setting the closing time to 15 minutes or more in the closing step, the closing time of the treatment space where an atmosphere for space treatment is generated becomes 15 to 60 minutes. While considering the convenience of the user, a high control effect is achieved against creeping pests and indoor dust mites, and the frequency of application of the preparation can be reduced.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記閉鎖工程において、閉鎖時間を２０～４０分とすることが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
In the closing step, the closing time is preferably 20 to 40 minutes.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、空間処理のための雰囲気が生成された処理空間の閉鎖時間が２０～４０分となるため、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して確実に防除効果が奏され、製剤の施用頻度を低減することができる。 According to the method for controlling pests and mites of this configuration, the closing time of the treatment space where an atmosphere for spatial treatment is generated is 20 to 40 minutes, so creeping pests and indoor dust mites can be reliably controlled. The effect is achieved and the frequency of application of the formulation can be reduced.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記定量噴射タイプのエアゾールは、前記害虫、ダニ防除成分及び有機溶剤を含有するエアゾール原液と、噴射剤とを定量噴射バルブを備えたエアゾール容器に充填してなり、
前記害虫、ダニ防除成分は、３０℃における蒸気圧が１×１０－４ｍｍＨｇ未満である難揮散性化合物を含み、
前記エアゾール原液における前記害虫、ダニ防除成分の含有量は、３０～７５ｗ／ｖ％であり、
前記エアゾール原液の比重は、０．８５～１．１５であり、
前記エアゾール容器に充填される前記エアゾール原液（ａ）と、前記噴射剤（ｂ）との容量比率（ａ／ｂ）は、１０／９０～５０／５０であることが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
The metered amount injection type aerosol is obtained by filling an aerosol stock solution containing the insect pest and mite control component and an organic solvent and a propellant into an aerosol container equipped with a metered amount injection valve,
The insect pest and mite control component includes a hardly volatile compound having a vapor pressure of less than 1×10 −4 mmHg at 30° C.,
The content of the insect pest and mite control component in the aerosol stock solution is 30 to 75 w/v%,
The specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is 0.85 to 1.15,
The volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol stock solution (a) and the propellant (b) filled in the aerosol container is preferably 10/90 to 50/50.
本発明者らは、空間処理において、匍匐害虫のなかでも特にゴキブリ等に対する防除効果を向上させるためには、噴射後の噴霧粒子を、処理空間に浮遊する浮遊性粒子と、処理空間内の露出部に付着する付着性粒子として形成する際に、付着性粒子を優占的となし、さらに、付着性粒子のなかでも壁面等への付着よりも床面への沈降に関わる付着性粒子の比率を高めることが効果的であり、防除成分として３０℃における蒸気圧が１×１０－４ｍｍＨｇ未満である難揮散性化合物を用いる場合、エアゾール原液中の防除成分濃度とエアゾール原液の比重が、沈降に関わる付着性粒子の挙動を決定する重要なファクターであることを知見した。本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、エアゾール原液における防除成分の含有量、及びエアゾール原液の比重が上記の適切な範囲にあることにより、噴射後の噴霧粒子において付着性粒子が優占的となり、匍匐害虫のなかでも特にゴキブリ等に対する防除効果を向上させることができる。 The present inventors have discovered that in space treatment, in order to improve the control effect against crawling pests, especially cockroaches, etc., the spray particles after injection should be mixed with floating particles floating in the treatment space and exposed inside the treatment space. When forming adhesive particles that adhere to surfaces, the adhesive particles are considered to be dominant, and among the adhesive particles, the proportion of adhesive particles that are more likely to settle on the floor surface than to adhere to walls, etc. When using a refractory compound with a vapor pressure of less than 1 x 10 -4 mmHg at 30°C as a control component, the concentration of the control component in the aerosol stock solution and the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution are It was found that this is an important factor that determines the behavior of adherent particles related to According to the method for controlling insect pests and mites of this configuration, since the content of the control component in the aerosol stock solution and the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution are within the above-mentioned appropriate ranges, adhesive particles are dominant in the spray particles after injection. Therefore, the control effect against crawling pests, such as cockroaches in particular, can be improved.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記害虫、ダニ防除成分は、３０℃における蒸気圧が２×１０－４～１×１０－２ｍｍＨｇである揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物をさらに含むことが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
Preferably, the insect pest and mite control component further includes a volatile pyrethroid compound having a vapor pressure of 2×10 −4 to 1×10 −2 mmHg at 30° C.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、害虫、ダニ防除成分が、３０℃における蒸気圧が２×１０－４～１×１０－２ｍｍＨｇである揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物をさらに含むことにより、難揮散性化合物による匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果に加えて、揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物による飛翔害虫に対する優れた防除効果も奏することができる。 According to the method for controlling pests and mites of the present configuration, the pest and mite controlling component further includes a volatile pyrethroid compound having a vapor pressure of 2×10 −4 to 1×10 −2 mmHg at 30° C. In addition to the effect of controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites by the hardly volatile compound, the volatile pyrethroid compound can also have an excellent control effect against flying pests.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記有機溶剤は、炭素数が２～３の低級アルコール、及び／又は炭素数が１６～２０の高級脂肪酸エステルを含むことが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
The organic solvent preferably contains a lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and/or a higher fatty acid ester having 16 to 20 carbon atoms.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、有機溶剤が、炭素数が２～３の低級アルコール、及び／又は炭素数が１６～２０の高級脂肪酸エステルを含むことにより、噴霧粒子の拡散均一性が向上し、空間処理による匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対するより優れた防除効果を奏することができる。 According to the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present configuration, the organic solvent contains a lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and/or a higher fatty acid ester having 16 to 20 carbon atoms, thereby improving the uniformity of diffusion of spray particles. It is possible to achieve better control effects against creeping pests and indoor dust mites through spatial treatment.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記定量噴射バルブの一回当たりの噴射容量は、０．２～５．０ｍＬであることが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
It is preferable that the injection volume per injection of the metered injection valve is 0.2 to 5.0 mL.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、定量噴射バルブの一回当たりの噴射容量が上記の範囲であることにより、エアゾール原液を一回から数回噴射することで害虫、ダニ防除成分の放出量が適切なものとなり、噴射工程の実施が容易となる。 According to the method for controlling pests and mites of this configuration, since the injection volume per one time of the metered injection valve is within the above range, pest and mite control components are released by injecting the aerosol stock solution once to several times. The amount will be appropriate and the injection process will be easier to carry out.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除方法において、
前記噴射工程において、閉め切った２５ｍ３の処理空間に、前記定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを一定量噴射したとき、噴射直後の前記処理空間における前記難揮散性化合物の気中濃度をＣ１とし、
前記閉鎖工程において、前記処理空間を閉鎖した後、前記処理空間を自然換気条件下で保持し、噴射時から１時間３０分経過後の前記処理空間における前記難揮散性化合物の気中濃度をＣ２としたとき、
以下の式（１）：
Ｒ ＝ Ｃ２／Ｃ１ × １００ ・・・（１）
で定義する気中濃度残存率Ｒが０．０４～２．０％であることが好ましい。
In the method for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
In the injection step, when a fixed amount of the metered injection type aerosol is injected into a closed 25 m 3 processing space, the atmospheric concentration of the hardly volatile compound in the processing space immediately after injection is set as C1,
In the closing step, after closing the processing space, the processing space is maintained under natural ventilation conditions, and the atmospheric concentration of the hardly volatile compound in the processing space after 1 hour and 30 minutes from the time of injection is adjusted to C2. When
The following formula (1):
R = C2/C1 × 100...(1)
It is preferable that the residual air concentration rate R defined as R is 0.04 to 2.0%.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、上記の式（１）で定義する気中濃度残存率Ｒが０．０４～２．０％であることにより、十分な害虫、ダニ防除効果が期待できるとともに、施用後の処理空間において人やペット類に対する安全性の懸念が生じることがない。 According to the pest and mite control method of this configuration, a sufficient pest and mite control effect is expected because the airborne concentration residual rate R defined by the above formula (1) is 0.04 to 2.0%. In addition, there are no safety concerns for people or pets in the treatment space after application.
上記課題を解決するための本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールの特徴構成は、
害虫、ダニ防除成分及び有機溶剤を含有するエアゾール原液と、噴射剤とを定量噴射バルブを備えたエアゾール容器に充填してなる害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールであって、
前記エアゾール容器及び／又は前記エアゾール容器の包装材に、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を閉鎖する旨の表示があることにある。
The characteristic structure of the aerosol for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention to solve the above problems is as follows:
An aerosol for controlling pests and mites, which is obtained by filling an aerosol container equipped with a metered-dose injection valve with an aerosol stock solution containing a pest- and mite-controlling component and an organic solvent, and a propellant,
The aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container may include an indication that the processing space is closed after the aerosol is ejected.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールによれば、エアゾール容器及び／又はエアゾール容器の包装材に、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を閉鎖する旨の表示をしておくことで、使用者は表示に従って処理手順を実施するだけで、処理空間に空間処理のための雰囲気を形成することができ、その結果、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果を向上させることができる。このように、本構成の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールであれば、人が居る状況下でも安全性の高い害虫、ダニ防除のための処理を行うことができるとともに、従来の害虫、ダニ防除用製品と比較して、製剤の施用頻度を低減することができる。 According to the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of this configuration, by putting a label on the aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container to the effect that the processing space will be closed after spraying the aerosol, the user can perform the treatment according to the label. By simply carrying out the procedure, an atmosphere for spatial treatment can be created in the treatment space, and as a result, the effect of controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites can be improved. In this way, with this aerosol for pest and mite control, it is possible to carry out highly safe pest and mite control treatments even in situations where people are present, and it is also possible to use conventional pest and mite control products. The frequency of application of the formulation can be reduced compared to
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールにおいて、
前記閉鎖する旨の表示は、ｎ分閉鎖する旨の表示であり、前記ｎは、６０以下の数値又は連続する数値範囲であることが好ましい。
In the aerosol for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
The display indicating the closure is a display indicating the closure for n minutes, and the n is preferably a numerical value of 60 or less or a continuous numerical range.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールによれば、エアゾール容器及び／又はエアゾール容器の包装材に、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を６０分以内閉鎖する旨の表示をすることになり、この表示に従って使用者が処理空間の閉鎖を実施することで、使用者の利便性を考慮しながら、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果を向上させることができる。このような空間処理による害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、従来の害虫、ダニ防除用製品と比較して、防除効果と安全性を確保しつつ、製剤の施用頻度を低減することができる。 According to the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of this configuration, a label must be placed on the aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container stating that the processing space will be closed within 60 minutes after the aerosol is sprayed, and it must be used in accordance with this label. By closing the treatment space by a person, it is possible to improve the control effect against creeping pests and indoor dust mites while considering the convenience of the user. The aerosol for controlling pests and mites using such spatial treatment can reduce the frequency of application of the formulation while ensuring pest control effects and safety, compared to conventional products for controlling pests and mites.
本発明に係る害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールにおいて、
前記ｎは、１５以上の数値又は連続する数値範囲であることが好ましい。
In the aerosol for controlling pests and mites according to the present invention,
The n is preferably a numerical value of 15 or more or a continuous numerical range.
本構成の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールによれば、エアゾール容器及び／又はエアゾール容器の包装材に、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を１５～６０分閉鎖する旨の表示をすることになり、この表示に従って使用者が処理空間の閉鎖を実施することで、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して確実に防除効果が奏される。このような空間処理による害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、従来の害虫、ダニ防除用製品と比較して、防除効果と安全性を確保しつつ、製剤の施用頻度をより低減することができる。 According to the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of this configuration, a label is placed on the aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container to the effect that the processing space will be closed for 15 to 60 minutes after the aerosol is sprayed, and this label must be followed. When the user closes the treatment space, the effect of controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites is reliably achieved. The aerosol for controlling pests and mites using such a spatial treatment can reduce the frequency of application of the formulation while ensuring the pest control effect and safety, compared to conventional products for controlling pests and mites.
以下、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法、及び害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールについて説明する。ただし、本発明は、以降で説明する実施形態や実施例に限定することを意図するものではない。 Hereinafter, the method for controlling pests and mites and the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention will be explained. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments and examples described below.
〔害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾール〕
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、空間処理によって匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類を防除するために用いられる定量噴射タイプのエアゾールであり、害虫、ダニ防除成分及び有機溶剤を含有するエアゾール原液、並びに噴射剤を、定量噴射バルブを備えたエアゾール容器に充填したものとして構成される。なお、以降の説明では、「害虫、ダニ防除成分」を単に「防除成分」と称する。エアゾール容器及び／又はエアゾール容器の包装材には、使用者が本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを本発明の趣旨である空間処理に則って使用することを助ける又は促すため、処理空間を特定の時間又は時間範囲に亘って閉鎖する旨の使用上の注意書きが表示されている。例えば、「使い始めは部屋を閉めて下さい。」、「使い始めは窓やドアを閉める。」、「エアゾールの噴射後は、処理空間を３０分閉鎖すること。」、「エアゾールの噴射後は、処理空間を１５～６０分閉鎖すること。」等の使用上の注意書きが表示されている。ここで、本発明における「空間処理」とは、処理空間に広く防除成分を放散させることで、処理空間全体において匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類を防除する処理である。空間処理は、防除成分を局所的に面処理や点処理し、防除成分を処理した箇所でのみ匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類を防除する局所処理と比較して、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除成分の接触効率が優れるため、高い防除効果が期待できるものであるが、処理空間内の人に対する安全性に留意する必要がある。そこで、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、人が居る状況下でも安全性の高い防除成分を使用し、エアゾール容器及び／又はエアゾール容器の包装材における表示に従って、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を閉鎖するという使用法を採用する。処理空間の閉鎖時間は、６０分以内とし、１５～６０分が好ましく、２０～４０分がより好ましい。ここで、「処理空間」を「閉鎖」するとは、処理空間を外部から完全に遮断した密閉状態であることが望ましいが、実際の家屋等では天井裏や換気口等から内外気の入れ替えが起こり得る。そこで、処理空間の閉鎖の意味するところについては、害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールの主な使用者である一般消費者の通常の生活感覚に基づいて判断すればよい。具体的には、処理空間が住居の居間である場合、換気扇を止め居間の窓やドアを閉めた状態とすれば、処理空間は閉鎖されたものと判断することができる。なお、「エアゾールの噴射後は、処理空間を３０分閉鎖すること。」等の注意書きは、エアゾールを噴射してからの処理空間の閉鎖時間が３０分確保されることを意図する。従って、エアゾール噴射後の処理空間の閉鎖時間が３０分確保されるのであれば、処理空間の閉鎖操作は、エアゾールの噴射をする前から行ってもよいし、噴射と同時に行ってもよいし、噴射をした後に行ってもよい。一般家屋における閉鎖状態と換気回数については、「調査研究報告書：室内使用殺虫剤の空気中濃度測定比較のための調査－室内使用殺虫剤の挙動とリスク評価のための基礎的研究－」（平成１６年）によれば、窓や扉を閉め切った密閉時といえども換気率はゼロではなく、０．０６～０．８１回／時間（炭酸ガスを用いる居室の換気率測定法による）であると報告されている。本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、このような簡便な操作を行うだけで、処理空間に空間処理のための雰囲気を形成することができるため、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して実用上十分な防除効果を奏することが期待できる。なお、本明細書では、ノックダウン効果や致死効果に基づく駆除効果に加え、忌避効果を合わせて防除効果と呼ぶ。駆除効果が低くても十分な忌避効果があれば、実用上、防除が達せられる場面も多い。
[Aerosol for controlling pests and mites]
The aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention is a fixed-dose type aerosol used for controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites by spatial treatment, and is an aerosol stock solution containing pest and mite controlling ingredients and an organic solvent. , and a propellant are filled into an aerosol container equipped with a metered injection valve. In the following description, the "pest and mite control component" will simply be referred to as the "control component." The aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container has a designation that specifies the treatment space in order to assist or encourage the user to use the pest and mite control aerosol of the present invention in accordance with the spatial treatment that is the spirit of the present invention. A user notice is displayed stating that the facility will be closed for a period of time or a range of hours. For example, "Please close the room when you first use the machine.", "Close the windows and doors when you first use the machine.", "Closing the processing space for 30 minutes after spraying the aerosol.", "After spraying the aerosol, , "Closing the processing space for 15 to 60 minutes." are displayed. Here, the "spatial treatment" in the present invention refers to a treatment for controlling creeping pests and indoor dust mites in the entire treatment space by widely dispersing a control component in the treatment space. Spatial treatment is a localized area treatment or point treatment with a pesticidal component, and compared to a local treatment that controls creeping pests and indoor dust mites only in the area treated with the pesticidal component. Since the contact efficiency of the pesticidal component against species is excellent, a high pesticidal effect can be expected, but it is necessary to pay attention to the safety of people in the treatment space. Therefore, the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention uses control ingredients that are highly safe even in situations where people are present, and the treatment space is cleaned after spraying the aerosol according to the instructions on the aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container. Adopt the usage of closing. The closing time of the processing space is within 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, more preferably 20 to 40 minutes. Here, when we say ``close'' the ``processing space,'' it is preferable that the ``processing space'' be in an airtight state where it is completely isolated from the outside, but in actual houses, air is exchanged between the inside and outside through the attic, ventilation openings, etc. obtain. Therefore, what is meant by closing the treatment space can be determined based on the normal life sense of general consumers who are the main users of aerosols for controlling pests and mites. Specifically, if the processing space is a living room of a residence, the processing space can be determined to be closed if the ventilation fan is turned off and the windows and doors of the living room are closed. Note that a cautionary statement such as "The processing space must be closed for 30 minutes after spraying the aerosol" is intended to ensure that the processing space is closed for 30 minutes after spraying the aerosol. Therefore, as long as 30 minutes is secured for closing the processing space after aerosol injection, the processing space closing operation may be performed before aerosol injection, or may be performed at the same time as aerosol injection. You can also do this after spraying. Regarding the closed state and ventilation frequency in general houses, please refer to "Research Report: Comparison of Air Concentration Measurement of Indoor Pesticides - Basic Research for Behavior and Risk Assessment of Indoor Pesticides" ( According to 2004), even when the windows and doors are closed, the ventilation rate is not zero, but is 0.06 to 0.81 times/hour (based on a ventilation rate measurement method for living rooms using carbon dioxide gas). It is reported that there is. The aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention can create an atmosphere for spatial treatment in the treatment space just by performing such a simple operation, so it is effective against creeping pests and indoor dust mites. It can be expected to have a practically sufficient pest control effect. In addition, in this specification, in addition to the extermination effect based on the knockdown effect and the lethal effect, the repellent effect is collectively referred to as the pest control effect. Even if the extermination effect is low, as long as there is a sufficient repellency effect, pest control can be achieved in many practical situations.
＜エアゾール原液＞
エアゾール原液の主成分の一つである防除成分としては、３０℃における蒸気圧が１×１０－４ｍｍＨｇ未満である難揮散性化合物、３０℃における蒸気圧が２×１０－４～１×１０－２ｍｍＨｇである揮散性化合物等が挙げられる。
<Aerosol stock solution>
The pest control component, which is one of the main components of the aerosol stock solution, includes a hardly volatile compound with a vapor pressure of less than 1 x 10 -4 mmHg at 30°C, and a compound with a vapor pressure of 2 x 10 -4 to 1 x 10 at 30°C. -2 mmHg, and the like.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールにおいては、防除成分として、３０℃における蒸気圧が１×１０－４ｍｍＨｇ未満である難揮散性化合物を含むことが好ましい。難揮散性化合物としては、ゴキブリに代表される匍匐害虫を防除するための匍匐害虫防除用化合物、及び／又は主に屋内塵性ダニ類を防除するためのダニ防除用化合物を用いることができる。匍匐害虫防除用化合物としては、例えば、フェノトリン、シフェノトリン、ペルメトリン、シペルメトリン、シフルトリン、ビフェントリン、フェンプロパトリン、トラロメトリン、エトフェンプロックス、及びイミプロトリン等のピレスロイド系化合物、シラフルオフェン等のケイ素系化合物、ジクロルボス、及びフェニトロチオン等の有機リン系化合物、プロポクスル等のカーバメート系化合物、ジノテフラン、イミダクロプリド、及びクロチアニジン等のネオニコチノイド系化合物、フィプロニル、並びにインドキサカルブ等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、フェノトリン、シフェノトリン、ペルメトリン、シペルメトリン、シフルトリン、ビフェントリン、フェンプロパトリン、トラロメトリン、エトフェンプロックス、及びジノテフランが好ましい。なお、ピレスロイド系化合物の酸成分やアルコール部分において、不斉炭素に基づく光学異性体や幾何異性体が存在する場合、それらの各々や任意の混合物も匍匐害虫防除用化合物に含まれる。ダニ防除用化合物としては、例えば、アミドフルメト、安息香酸ベンジル、サリチル酸フェニル、サリチル酸ベンジル、セバシン酸ジブチル、セバシン酸ジプロピル、アジピン酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジエチル、フタル酸ジプロピル、フタル酸ジブチル、ｐ－メンタン－３，８－ジオール、３－ヨード－２－プロピニルブチルカーバメート、フェノトリン、及びディート等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、アミドフルメト、安息香酸ベンジル、サリチル酸フェニル、サリチル酸ベンジル、セバシン酸ジブチル、セバシン酸ジプロピル、アジピン酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジエチル、フタル酸ジブチル、ｐ－メンタン－３，８－ジオール、フェノトリン、及びディートが好ましい。本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、屋内の処理空間で一定量噴射すると、噴霧粒子が主に付着性粒子として床面に沈降するが、防除成分として上記の難揮散性化合物分を含むことで、その処理空間において特に匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して優れた防除効果を示す。また、防除成分として上記の難揮散性化合物分を含むことで、床面に沈降した付着性粒子から気中への防除成分の揮散が抑制される。このような作用機序により、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、安全性が高く人が居る状況下でも使用可能なものとなる。 The aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention preferably contains a hardly volatile compound having a vapor pressure of less than 1×10 −4 mmHg at 30° C. as a controlling component. As the hardly volatile compound, a compound for controlling creeping insect pests such as cockroaches and/or a compound for controlling mites mainly for controlling indoor dust mites can be used. Compounds for controlling creeping pests include, for example, pyrethroid compounds such as phenothrin, cyphenothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, tralomethrin, etofenprox, and imiprothrin, silicon compounds such as silafluofen, and dichlorvos. and organic phosphorus compounds such as fenitrothion, carbamate compounds such as propoxur, neonicotinoid compounds such as dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and clothianidin, fipronil, and indoxacarb. Among these, phenothrin, cyphenothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, tralomethrin, etofenprox, and dinotefuran are preferred. In addition, when optical isomers and geometric isomers based on asymmetric carbon exist in the acid component and alcohol moiety of the pyrethroid compound, each of them and any mixture thereof are also included in the compound for controlling creeping pests. Examples of compounds for controlling mites include amidoflumeto, benzyl benzoate, phenyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate, dibutyl sebacate, dipropyl sebacate, dibutyl adipate, diethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and p-menthane-3. , 8-diol, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate, phenothrin, and DEET. Among these, amidoflumeth, benzyl benzoate, phenyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate, dibutyl sebacate, dipropyl sebacate, dibutyl adipate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, p-menthane-3,8-diol, phenothrin, and DEET. is preferred. When the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention is sprayed in a certain amount in an indoor treatment space, the sprayed particles mainly settle on the floor surface as adhesive particles, but the aerosol contains the above-mentioned non-volatile compound as a control component. In the treatment space, it exhibits an excellent control effect, especially against creeping pests and indoor dust mites. Furthermore, by including the above-mentioned hardly volatile compound as a pesticidal component, volatilization of the pesticidal component from the adherent particles settled on the floor into the air is suppressed. Due to this mechanism of action, the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention is highly safe and can be used even in situations where people are present.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールにおいては、防除成分として、上述の難揮散性化合物に加え、３０℃における蒸気圧が２×１０－４～１×１０－２ｍｍＨｇである揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物をさらに含むものであってもよい。揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物としては、例えば、メトフルトリン、プロフルトリン、トランスフルトリン、エムペントリン、テラレスリン、及びフラメトリン等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、蒸気圧や安定性、基礎殺虫効力等を考慮すると、メトフルトリン、プロフルトリン、及びトランスフルトリンが好ましい。これらの化合物の酸成分やアルコール部分において、不斉炭素に基づく光学異性体や幾何異性体が存在する場合、それらの各々や任意の混合物も揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物に含まれる。本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、屋内の処理空間で一定量噴射すると、噴霧粒子のある程度が気中に浮遊残存するが、防除成分として上記の揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物を含むことで、飛翔害虫に対しても防除効果を発揮し得る。また、揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物は、難揮散性化合物と共に一部床面や壁面に付着すると、匍匐害虫及び／又は屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果を相乗的に高めることができる。 In addition to the above-mentioned hardly volatile compounds, the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention contains a volatile pyrethroid compound having a vapor pressure of 2×10 −4 to 1×10 −2 mmHg at 30° C. as a controlling component. It may further include. Examples of volatile pyrethroid compounds include metofluthrin, profluthrin, transfluthrin, empenthrin, terrarethrin, and flamethrin. Among these, metofluthrin, profluthrin, and transfluthrin are preferred in consideration of vapor pressure, stability, basic insecticidal efficacy, etc. When optical isomers and geometric isomers based on asymmetric carbon atoms exist in the acid component and alcohol moiety of these compounds, each of them and any mixture thereof are also included in volatile pyrethroid compounds. When the aerosol for controlling insect pests and mites of the present invention is sprayed in a certain amount in an indoor treatment space, some of the sprayed particles remain suspended in the air, but by containing the above-mentioned volatile pyrethroid compound as a control component, they are prevented from flying. It can also exert a control effect against pests. Furthermore, when a volatile pyrethroid compound is partially attached to a floor or wall surface together with a hardly volatile compound, the control effect against creeping pests and/or indoor dust mites can be synergistically enhanced.
エアゾール原液中の防除成分の含有量は、８～８０ｗ／ｖ％であり、３０～７５ｗ／ｖ％であることが好ましい。エアゾール原液中の防除成分の含有量が上記の範囲にあれば、防除成分が有機溶剤に溶解し易く、また、エアゾールが噴射された際、噴射粒子が最適な状態で形成され、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を閉鎖することで、適切な防除効果を得ることができる。処理空間の閉鎖時間は、６０分以内とし、１５～６０分が好ましく、２０～４０分がより好ましい。 The content of the control component in the aerosol stock solution is 8 to 80 w/v%, preferably 30 to 75 w/v%. If the content of the control component in the aerosol stock solution is within the above range, the control component will be easily dissolved in the organic solvent, and when the aerosol is sprayed, the spray particles will be formed in an optimal state, and after the aerosol is sprayed, Appropriate pest control effects can be obtained by closing the treatment space. The closing time of the processing space is within 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, more preferably 20 to 40 minutes.
エアゾール原液には、上記の防除成分の他に有機溶剤が含まれる。有機溶剤は、上記の防除成分を溶解してエアゾール原液を調製することができ、また、調製したエアゾール原液を噴射したとき、最適な噴射粒子を形成し得るものが使用される。本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールにおいては、有機溶剤としては、例えば、エタノール、及びイソプロパノール（ＩＰＡ）等の炭素数が２～３の低級アルコール、ノルマルパラフィン、及びイソパラフィン等の炭化水素系溶剤、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル（ＩＰＭ）、ラウリン酸ヘキシル等の炭素数が１６～２０の高級脂肪酸エステル、炭素数３～１０のグリコールエーテル系溶剤、並びにケトン系溶剤等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、炭素数が２～３の低級アルコール、及び炭素数が１６～２０の高級脂肪酸エステルが好ましい。特に、炭素数が２～３の低級アルコールは、噴霧粒子の拡散均一性や床面にベタツキを生じにくいことからより好ましい。 The aerosol stock solution contains an organic solvent in addition to the above-mentioned pest control components. The organic solvent used is one that can dissolve the above-mentioned control components to prepare an aerosol stock solution, and that can form optimal spray particles when the prepared aerosol stock solution is sprayed. In the pest and mite control aerosol of the present invention, examples of the organic solvent include lower alcohols having 2 to 3 carbon atoms such as ethanol and isopropanol (IPA), hydrocarbon solvents such as normal paraffin and isoparaffin, Examples include higher fatty acid esters having 16 to 20 carbon atoms such as isopropyl myristate (IPM) and hexyl laurate, glycol ether solvents having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and ketone solvents. Among these, lower alcohols having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and higher fatty acid esters having 16 to 20 carbon atoms are preferred. In particular, lower alcohols having 2 to 3 carbon atoms are more preferable because they provide uniformity in the diffusion of spray particles and are less likely to cause stickiness on the floor surface.
噴射後の噴霧粒子は、処理空間に浮遊する浮遊性粒子、もしくは処理空間内の露出部に付着する付着性粒子として形成されるが、本発明者らは、付着性粒子を一層優占的となし、さらに、付着性粒子のなかでも壁面等への付着よりも床面への沈降に関わる付着性粒子の比率を高めるための検討を行ったところ、エアゾール原液中の防除成分の含有量とともに、エアゾール原液の比重が沈降に関わる付着性粒子の挙動を決定する重要なファクターであることを知見した。エアゾール原液の比重は、０．７８～１．２０であり、０．８５～１．１５であることが好ましく、０．８９～１．１０であることがより好ましい。エアゾール原液の比重が上記の範囲にあれば、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを屋内の処理空間で一定量噴射すると、噴霧粒子が主に付着性粒子として床面に沈降するため、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を閉鎖することで、適切な防除効果を得ることができる。処理空間の閉鎖時間は、６０分以内とし、１５～６０分が好ましく、２０～４０分がより好ましい。また、エアゾール原液の比重が上記の範囲にあると、付着性粒子が沈降に至る過程において隙間や物陰にも進入するため、防除成分としてピレスロイド系化合物を用いた場合には、ゴキブリ等が隙間や物陰から飛び出すフラッシング効果も十分期待し得る。 The spray particles after injection are formed as floating particles floating in the processing space or adherent particles adhering to exposed parts in the processing space, but the present inventors have determined that adherent particles are more predominant. Furthermore, we conducted a study to increase the proportion of adhesive particles that settle on floors rather than on walls, etc., and found that, together with the content of control ingredients in the aerosol stock solution, We found that the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is an important factor that determines the behavior of adherent particles involved in sedimentation. The specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is 0.78 to 1.20, preferably 0.85 to 1.15, and more preferably 0.89 to 1.10. If the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is within the above range, when a certain amount of the pest and mite control aerosol of the present invention is sprayed in an indoor treatment space, the sprayed particles will mainly settle on the floor as adhesive particles, so the aerosol By closing the treatment space after injection, an appropriate pest control effect can be obtained. The closing time of the processing space is within 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, more preferably 20 to 40 minutes. In addition, if the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is within the above range, the adhesive particles will enter into gaps and shadows during the process of settling, so when a pyrethroid compound is used as a control ingredient, cockroaches etc. You can also expect a flashing effect that pops out from the shadows.
エアゾール原液には、上記成分に加え、カビ類、菌類等を対象とした防カビ剤、抗菌剤、殺菌剤、芳香剤、消臭剤、安定化剤、帯電防止剤、消泡剤、及び賦形剤等を適宜配合することもできる。防カビ剤、抗菌剤や殺菌剤としては、ヒノキチオール、２－メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、２－（４－チアゾリル）ベンゾイミダゾール、５－クロロ－２－メチル－４－イソチアゾリン－３－オン、トリホリン、３－メチル－４－イソプロピルフェノール、及びオルト－フェニルフェノール等を例示できる。また、芳香剤としては、オレンジ油、レモン油、ラベンダー油、ペパーミント油、ユーカリ油、シトロネラ油、ライム油、ユズ油、ジャスミン油、檜油、緑茶精油、リモネン、α－ピネン、リナロール、ゲラニオール、フェニルエチルアルコール、アミルシンナミックアルデヒド、クミンアルデヒド、ベンジルアセテート等の芳香成分、「緑の香り」と呼ばれる青葉アルコールや青葉アルデヒド配合の香料成分等が挙げられる。 In addition to the above ingredients, the aerosol stock solution contains antifungal agents for mold and fungi, antibacterial agents, bactericidal agents, fragrances, deodorants, stabilizers, antistatic agents, antifoaming agents, and excipients. Excipients and the like can also be added as appropriate. As antifungal agents, antibacterial agents, and bactericidal agents, hinokitiol, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, triforin, 3- Examples include methyl-4-isopropylphenol and ortho-phenylphenol. In addition, aromatic agents include orange oil, lemon oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, citronella oil, lime oil, yuzu oil, jasmine oil, cypress oil, green tea essential oil, limonene, α-pinene, linalool, geraniol, Examples include aromatic ingredients such as phenylethyl alcohol, amyl cinnamic aldehyde, cumin aldehyde, and benzyl acetate, and fragrance ingredients containing green leaf alcohol and green leaf aldehyde, which are called "green scents."
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、少量噴射であるため、敢えて火気に対する危険性に留意する必要はないが、できる限り火気に対する危険性を低減させる観点から水性化処方を採用することもできる。この場合、エアゾール原液に含まれる水の量は１０～５０ｖ／ｖ％程度が好適であり、噴霧粒子の噴射パターンに影響を与えない範囲で、可溶化助剤として若干量の非イオン系界面活性剤を添加してもよい。非イオン系界面活性剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル類、及びポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミノエーテル類等のエーテル類、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、及びポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル類等の脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンスチレン化フェノール、並びに脂肪酸のポリアルカロールアミド等が挙げられ、なかでも、エーテル類が好ましい。 Since the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention is sprayed in a small amount, there is no need to take precautions against the risk of fire, but a water-based formulation may be adopted from the viewpoint of reducing the risk of fire as much as possible. . In this case, the amount of water contained in the aerosol stock solution is preferably about 10 to 50 v/v%, and a small amount of nonionic surfactant is added as a solubilizing agent within a range that does not affect the spray pattern of the spray particles. Agents may also be added. Examples of nonionic surfactants include ethers such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene alkylamino ethers, polyethylene Examples include fatty acid esters such as glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenols, and polyalkalolamides of fatty acids. Preferably.
＜噴射剤＞
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールで用いる噴射剤としては、液化石油ガス（ＬＰＧ）、ジメチルエーテル（ＤＭＥ）、及びハイドロフルオロオレフィン等の液化ガス、窒素ガス、炭酸ガス、亜酸化窒素、並びに圧縮空気等が挙げられる。上記の噴射剤は、単独又は混合状態で使用することができるが、ＬＰＧを主成分としたものが使い易い。
<Propellant>
The propellants used in the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention include liquefied gases such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), dimethyl ether (DME), and hydrofluoroolefins, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, nitrous oxide, and compressed air. etc. The above propellants can be used alone or in a mixed state, but those containing LPG as a main component are easier to use.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、エアゾール容器に充填されるエアゾール原液（ａ）と噴射剤（ｂ）との容量比率（ａ／ｂ）は、体積比で１０／９０～５０／５０に調整される。容量比率（ａ／ｂ）が上記の範囲にあれば、十分な量の防除成分を床面全体へ均一に拡散させることができる。 In the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention, the volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol stock solution (a) and propellant (b) filled into an aerosol container is 10/90 to 50/50. be adjusted. If the capacity ratio (a/b) is within the above range, a sufficient amount of the pest control component can be uniformly diffused over the entire floor surface.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、定量噴射バルブの一回当たりの噴射容量が、０．２～５．０ｍＬであることが好ましい。噴射容量が上記の範囲にあれば、例えば、４．５～８畳の部屋に相当する容積１８．８～３３．３ｍ３（面積７．５～１３．３ｍ２、高さ２．２～３．０ｍ）の処理空間において、害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを一回から数回噴射することで防除成分の放出量が適切なものとなり、処理空間において匍匐害虫及び／又は屋内塵性ダニ類に対して実用上十分な防除効果が得られる。 It is preferable that the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention has an injection volume of 0.2 to 5.0 mL per one injection of the metered injection valve. If the injection capacity is within the above range, for example, the volume is 18.8 to 33.3 m 3 (area 7.5 to 13.3 m 2 , height 2.2 to 3 m 2 ), which is equivalent to a 4.5 to 8 tatami room. By spraying an aerosol for pest and mite control once to several times in a treatment space of . A practically sufficient pest control effect can be obtained.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、噴射口からの距離が５ｃｍの箇所において噴射力が５～５０ｇｆであることが好ましい。噴射力が上記の範囲にあれば、防除成分はその大部分が速やかに屋内の処理空間の床面全体に沈降及び付着し、匍匐害虫、及びダニ対して実用上十分な防除効果が得られる。噴射力が５ｇｆ未満であると、噴射力が不足して床面全体への拡散性が不十分となる傾向があり、一方、噴射力が５０ｇｆを越えても良好な拡散性が得られない虞がある。このような噴射力はエアゾール原液の組成、エアゾール容器の内圧、噴口の形状等により適宜調整され得る。 The aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention preferably has a spraying force of 5 to 50 gf at a distance of 5 cm from the spray nozzle. When the spraying force is within the above range, most of the pesticidal component quickly settles and adheres to the entire floor surface of the indoor treatment space, and a practically sufficient pesticidal effect against crawling pests and mites can be obtained. If the jetting force is less than 5gf, there is a tendency that the jetting force will be insufficient and the dispersion over the entire floor surface will be insufficient.On the other hand, even if the jetting force exceeds 50gf, there is a risk that good diffusivity may not be obtained. There is. Such jetting force can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the composition of the aerosol stock solution, the internal pressure of the aerosol container, the shape of the nozzle, etc.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、噴口、ノズル、容器等の形状については、その用途、使用目的等に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、上から押して噴射するボタンと斜め上方向きのノズルを備えた卓上タイプとしたり、小型容器の携帯用として設計することができる。 The shapes of the nozzle, nozzle, container, etc. of the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention can be appropriately selected depending on its use, purpose of use, etc. For example, it can be designed as a tabletop type with a button that is pressed from above to spray and a nozzle directed diagonally upward, or it can be designed as a portable small container.
〔害虫、ダニ防除方法〕
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールのような防除成分を含む定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを処理空間に噴射し、空間処理のための雰囲気を生成する噴射工程と、空間処理のための雰囲気が生成された処理空間を一定期間閉鎖する閉鎖工程とを実施するものである。閉鎖工程では、処理空間を閉鎖するものとする。処理空間の閉鎖時間は、６０分以内とし、１５～６０分が好ましく、２０～４０分がより好ましい。なお、閉鎖工程では、処理空間を規定の時間連続して閉鎖することが好ましいが、例えば、使用者が処理空間から退出するために一時的に開放する場合など、一時的な開放が本発明の効果を損なわない程度の短時間である限りにおいては、閉鎖時間の合計が規定の時間となるように、処理空間の閉鎖を非連続的に実施することも可能である。
[Pest and mite control methods]
The method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention includes an injection step of injecting a metered amount aerosol containing a control component, such as the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention, into a treatment space to generate an atmosphere for space treatment. , and a closing step of closing a processing space in which an atmosphere for space processing has been generated for a certain period of time. In the closing process, the processing space shall be closed. The closing time of the processing space is within 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, more preferably 20 to 40 minutes. In the closing process, it is preferable to continuously close the processing space for a predetermined period of time, but the present invention also applies to temporary opening, such as when a user temporarily opens the processing space to exit the processing space. It is also possible to close the processing space discontinuously so that the total closure time is a specified time, as long as the time is short enough not to impair the effectiveness.
燻煙剤や全量噴射型エアゾールを用いる場合、薬剤処理中は処理空間に人が入室できず処理空間を２～３時間閉め切る必要があることに加え、処理前に電気器具類や食器類を養生し、また処理後には噴射沈降物の清掃作業を必要とする。これに対し、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法では、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いることで、噴射工程において処理空間に噴射する防除成分を少量に抑えることができる。そのため、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、燻煙剤や全量噴射型エアゾールの場合に必要な処理前の準備手順や、処理後の噴射沈降物の清掃作業が不要となる。また、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを用いて空間処理を行うものであるため、処理空間となる屋内空間から退室せずとも、害虫、ダニ防除のための処理を安全に実施することができる。従って、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、局所処理方式よりも防除効果に優れた空間処理方式を採用しつつ、従来の燻煙剤や全量噴射型エアゾールを用いた空間処理からは想定できない利便性が得られるので、その実用性は計り知れない。 When using fumigants or full-volume aerosols, it is necessary to close the processing space for 2 to 3 hours because no one can enter the processing space during chemical processing, and to remove electrical appliances and tableware before processing. After curing and treatment, cleaning of the sprayed sediment is required. On the other hand, in the method for controlling insect pests and mites of the present invention, by using a metered amount spray type aerosol, the amount of the pest control component sprayed into the treatment space in the spraying step can be kept to a small amount. Therefore, according to the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention, there is no need for pre-treatment preparation steps or cleaning work for sprayed sediment after treatment, which are required in the case of smoke agents or full-volume injection aerosols. In addition, since the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention performs spatial treatment using a metered-dose aerosol, it is possible to perform treatments for pests and mites without leaving the indoor space that will be the treatment space. It can be carried out safely. Therefore, the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention employs a spatial treatment method that is more effective in controlling pests than local treatment methods, while providing convenience that cannot be expected from spatial treatments using conventional fumigants or full-volume aerosols. Its practicality is immeasurable.
噴射工程において、防除成分としての難揮散性化合物の気中への放出量は、０．１～５０ｍｇ／ｍ３であることが好ましく、０．５～５０ｍｇ／ｍ３であることがより好ましい。難揮散性化合物の気中への放出量が上記の範囲にあれば、人が居る状況下でも高い安全性を有しながら、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する優れた防除効果を得ることができる。一回あたりの噴射容量が０．２～５．０ｍＬの定量噴射バルブを備えた害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを用いて、４．５～８畳の部屋に相当する容積が１８．８～３３．３ｍ３（面積７．５～１３．３ｍ２、高さ２．２～３．０ｍ）の屋内の処理空間で噴射工程を実施する場合、通常、一回の噴射により、気中への防除成分の放出量が０．１～５０ｍｇ／ｍ３となる。より容積の大きな屋内の処理空間においては、その処理空間の容積にあわせて気中の防除成分の放出量が０．１～５０ｍｇ／ｍ３となるように、複数回噴射することで、処理空間の大きさに関わらず同様の防除効果を得ることができる。なお、一回あたりの噴射容量が０．２～０．９ｍＬの定量噴射バルブを備えたエアゾールを用いる場合でも、気中の防除成分の放出量が０．１～５０ｍｇ／ｍ３となるように適宜噴射回数を調整することで、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する優れた防除効果を得ることができる。 In the injection step, the amount of the hardly volatile compound as a control component released into the air is preferably 0.1 to 50 mg/m 3 , more preferably 0.5 to 50 mg/m 3 . If the amount of the non-volatile compound released into the air is within the above range, it will be possible to obtain excellent control effects against creeping pests and indoor dust mites while maintaining high safety even in situations where people are present. can. Using an aerosol for pest and mite control equipped with a metered injection valve with a volume of 0.2 to 5.0 mL per injection, the volume equivalent to a 4.5 to 8 tatami room is 18.8 to 33. When the injection process is carried out in an indoor treatment space of 3 m 3 (area 7.5 to 13.3 m 2 , height 2.2 to 3.0 m), one injection usually releases the control components into the air. The amount released is 0.1 to 50 mg/ m3 . In indoor treatment spaces with larger volumes, the treatment space can be sprayed multiple times so that the amount of airborne control components released is 0.1 to 50 mg/m 3 according to the volume of the treatment space. The same pest control effect can be obtained regardless of the size of the insect. In addition, even when using an aerosol equipped with a metered injection valve with a volume of 0.2 to 0.9 mL per injection, the amount of the control component released into the air should be 0.1 to 50 mg/ m3 . By appropriately adjusting the number of injections, it is possible to obtain excellent control effects against creeping pests and indoor dust mites.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法では、噴射工程において、閉め切った２５ｍ３の処理空間に害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを噴射したとき、噴射直後の処理空間において測定した防除成分の気中濃度をＣ１とし、閉鎖工程を実施した後、処理空間を自然換気条件下で保持し、噴射時から１時間３０分経過後の処理空間において測定した防除成分の気中濃度をＣ２としたとき、以下の式（１）：
Ｒ ＝ Ｃ２／Ｃ１ × １００ ・・・（１）
で定義する気中濃度残存率Ｒが０．０４～２．０％であることが好ましい。ここで、「自然換気条件下」とは、窓をわずかに開けたり、ドアを開けて出入りする等の状況を想定したものであり、換気率０．８～１．０回／時間であることを意味する。気中濃度残存率Ｒは、本発明において規定した防除効果と安全性との指標であり、気中濃度残存率Ｒが上記の範囲にあれば、十分な害虫、ダニ防除効果が期待できるとともに、施用後の処理空間において人やペット類に対する安全性の懸念が生じないと想定される。噴射工程における防除成分の気中への放出量が０．１～５０ｍｇ／ｍ３である場合、閉鎖工程における処理空間の閉鎖時間を６０分以内とし、好ましくは１５～６０分とし、より好ましくは２０～４０分とし、噴射工程における噴射条件等を調整することによって、気中濃度残存率Ｒを０．０４～２．０％とすることができる。なお、防除成分の気中濃度の測定については、厚生労働省発出の「一般用医薬品及び医薬部外品としての殺虫剤の室内空気中濃度測定方法ガイドライン」に従う旨定められ、そのなかで、測定時の換気条件は、前述の「調査研究報告書：室内使用殺虫剤の空気中濃度測定比較のための調査－室内使用殺虫剤の挙動とリスク評価のための基礎的研究－」（平成１６年）に関連して、平均的な条件として０．５回／時間と設定されている。本発明の試験条件においては、閉鎖状態の換気率として安全性の面でより苛酷な０．２～０．４回／時間を設定し、噴射性能や有効性等をも検証して閉鎖工程における最適な閉鎖時間を特定した。そして、閉鎖工程を実施した後、噴射時点から１時間３０分までは自然換気条件（窓をわずかに開けたり、ドアを開けて出入りする等の状況を含み、一般的に換気率０．８～２．０回／時間程度が想定されるが、気中濃度残存率Ｒを測定する試験は換気率０．８～１．０回／時間で実施した）に戻し、以降は換気率２回以上／時間の開放条件としたものである。なお、換気率は前述の「調査研究報告書：室内使用殺虫剤の空気中濃度測定比較のための調査－室内使用殺虫剤の挙動とリスク評価のための基礎的研究－」（平成１６年）に記載の炭酸ガスを用いる居室の換気率測定法により測定した値である。
In the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention, when an aerosol for controlling pests and mites is injected into a closed treatment space of 25 m 3 in the injection process, the atmospheric concentration of the pest control component measured in the treatment space immediately after injection is defined as C1. After carrying out the closing process, the treatment space is maintained under natural ventilation conditions, and when the atmospheric concentration of the control component measured in the treatment space 1 hour and 30 minutes after the injection is C2, the following formula ( 1):
R = C2/C1 × 100...(1)
It is preferable that the residual air concentration rate R defined as R is 0.04 to 2.0%. Here, "natural ventilation conditions" assumes a situation where windows are slightly opened or doors are opened to enter and exit the room, and the ventilation rate is 0.8 to 1.0 times/hour. means. The residual air concentration rate R is an index of the control effect and safety defined in the present invention, and if the residual air concentration rate R is within the above range, a sufficient pest and mite control effect can be expected, It is assumed that there will be no safety concerns for people or pets in the treatment space after application. When the amount of the control component released into the air in the injection process is 0.1 to 50 mg/ m3 , the closing time of the processing space in the closing process is 60 minutes or less, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, more preferably By setting the injection time to 20 to 40 minutes and adjusting the injection conditions etc. in the injection step, the air concentration residual rate R can be made to be 0.04 to 2.0%. Regarding the measurement of the airborne concentration of pesticidal components, it is stipulated that the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare shall comply with the ``Guidelines for Measuring the Indoor Air Concentration of Insecticides as Over-the-Counter Drugs and Quasi-drugs.'' The ventilation conditions are based on the above-mentioned “Research Report: Survey for Comparison of Measurement and Comparison of Air Concentrations of Indoor Used Insecticides - Basic Research for Behavior and Risk Assessment of Indoor Used Pesticides” (2004). Regarding this, the average condition is set at 0.5 times/hour. In the test conditions of the present invention, the ventilation rate in the closed state was set at 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour, which is more severe in terms of safety, and the injection performance and effectiveness were also verified. The optimal closing time was determined. After carrying out the closing process, natural ventilation conditions (including situations such as slightly opening a window or opening a door to enter and exit, etc.) are maintained for 1 hour and 30 minutes from the time of injection, generally with a ventilation rate of 0.8 to 30 minutes. The ventilation rate is expected to be around 2.0 times/hour, but the test to measure the airborne concentration residual rate R was conducted at a ventilation rate of 0.8 to 1.0 times/hour), and thereafter the ventilation rate is 2 times or more. / time is the opening condition. The ventilation rate is based on the above-mentioned “Research Report: Survey for Comparison of Measurement and Comparison of Air Concentrations of Indoor Used Insecticides - Basic Research for Behavior and Risk Assessment of Indoor Used Pesticides” (2004). This is a value measured by the ventilation rate measurement method for living rooms using carbon dioxide gas as described in .
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、使用状況によって適宜調整可能であるが、１～５日に一回の頻度で実施することが好ましい。上述したように本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法では、噴射工程の実施後に閉鎖工程を実施することによって、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果を向上させることができるため、１～５日に一回の実施頻度であっても、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対し実用上十分な防除効果が期待できる。また、従来の空間処理による方法と比較して、施用頻度が低減されるため、利便性に優れたものとなる。なお、エアゾール噴射後の処理空間の閉鎖時間が所定時間以上確保される限りは、閉鎖操作を実施した後に噴射工程を実施することも可能である。また、噴射工程と閉鎖操作とを同時に実施することも当然に可能である。このように、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、簡単な処理手順でありながら、害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールの施用頻度を低減することができる。また、害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールにおいて、揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物を併用することによって、飛翔害虫に対する防除効果を付与することも可能である。 The method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the usage conditions, but it is preferably carried out once every 1 to 5 days. As mentioned above, in the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention, by implementing the closing step after implementing the spraying step, the control effect against crawling pests and indoor dust mites can be improved. Even if the treatment is carried out once every month, it can be expected to have a practically sufficient control effect against creeping pests and indoor dust mites. Furthermore, compared to conventional spatial treatment methods, the frequency of application is reduced, resulting in excellent convenience. In addition, as long as the closing time of the processing space after aerosol injection is ensured for a predetermined time or more, it is also possible to carry out the injection process after carrying out the closing operation. It is also naturally possible to carry out the injection step and the closing operation simultaneously. As described above, the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention can reduce the frequency of application of an aerosol for controlling pests and mites, although the procedure is simple. Furthermore, by using a volatile pyrethroid compound in combination with an aerosol for controlling pests and mites, it is also possible to impart a controlling effect to flying pests.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、チャバネゴキブリ、ワモンゴキブリ、クロゴキブリ等のゴキブリ類、トコジラミ（ナンキンムシ）、タイワントコジラミ（ネッタイトコジラミ）等のトコジラミ類、クサギカメムシ等のカメムシ類、クロヤマアリ、アミメアリ、トビイロケアリ、イエヒメアリ、アカカミアリ、ヒアリ等のアリ類、アシダカグモ、マダラヒメグモ、セアカゴケグモ等のクモ類、ヤスデ類、トビズムカデ等のムカデ類、ダンゴムシ類、ワラジムシ類、イエシロアリ、ヤマトシロアリ等のシロアリ類、ケムシ類、イガ、コイガ等のイガ類、カツオブシムシ、ヒメカツオブシムシ等のカツオブシムシ類、コクヌストモドキ、コクゾウムシ、シバンムシ、チャタテムシ、ダンゴムシ、及びワラジムシ等の匍匐害虫、並びにコナダニ、ケナガコナダニ、ヒョウヒダニ、コナヒョウヒダニ、ホコリダニ、ツメダニ、ヤケヒョウヒダニ等の屋内塵性ダニ類の他、アカイエカ、ヒトスジシマカ、ネッタイシマカ、チカイエカ等のカ類、イエバエ、ニクバエ等のハエ類、コバエ類、チョウバエ類、ユスリカ類、ハチ類、ガ類等の飛翔害虫の防除にも有効である。特に、チャバネゴキブリ、ワモンゴキブリ、クロゴキブリ等のゴキブリ類、トコジラミ（ナンキンムシ）、タイワントコジラミ（ネッタイトコジラミ）等のトコジラミ類、クロヤマアリ、アミメアリ、トビイロケアリ、イエヒメアリ、アカカミアリ、ヒアリ等のアリ類、コクヌストモドキ、コクゾウムシ、シバンムシ、チャタテムシ、ダンゴムシ、及びワラジムシ等の匍匐害虫、並びにコナダニ、ケナガコナダニ、ヒョウヒダニ、コナヒョウヒダニ、ホコリダニ、ツメダニ、ヤケヒョウヒダニ等の屋内塵性ダニ類の防除に有効である。 The method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention is applicable to cockroaches such as the German cockroach, American cockroach, and black cockroach; , ants such as house ant, red fire ant, fire ant, spiders such as reed spider, redback spider, redback spider, centipede such as millipede, red-spotted spider, pill bug, woodlouse, termite such as house termite, mountain termite, woolly bug, and burr. , burrs such as carp moth, cutworms such as cutlet beetle, cutlet weevil, Japanese cutlet beetle, creeping pests such as brown beetle, cutlet weevil, stone beetle, chatate beetle, pill bug, and woodlice, as well as wood mites, woolly spider mites, leopard dust mites, powdered insect mites, dust mites, claw mites, and pigmented spider mites, etc. In addition to indoor dust mites, it can also be used to control flying pests such as Culex mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, Aedes aegypti, mosquitoes such as Culex mosquitoes, flies such as houseflies and black flies, midges, butterflies, midges, bees, and moths. It is valid. In particular, cockroaches such as the German cockroach, American cockroach, and black cockroach; bed bugs such as the Japanese bedbug (bed bug) and Formosan bedbug (Anetite body bug); ants such as the black wood ant, reticulated ant, brown ant, house ant, red fire ant, and fire ant; It is effective in controlling creeping insect pests such as grasshoppers, teal bugs, pill bugs, and woodlice, as well as indoor dust mites such as mites, woolly mites, mites, mites, dust mites, mites, and mites.
処理空間の閉鎖時間を６０分以内とした実施例１～２０と、処理空間の閉鎖時間を７０分とした比較例１とを比較し、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法を更に詳細に検討した。また、参考のため、処理空間の閉鎖時間を短時間の１０分としたもの（参考例１）、処理空間の閉鎖時間は実施例１～１９と同様に６０分以内であるが、エアゾール原液の組成、比重又はエアゾール原液と噴射剤との比率が実施例から外れているもの（参考例２～７）についても同様の検討を行った。 Examples 1 to 20, in which the processing space was closed for 60 minutes or less, and Comparative Example 1, in which the processing space was closed for 70 minutes, were compared to examine the pest and mite control method of the present invention in more detail. . Also, for reference, the closing time of the processing space is set to 10 minutes (Reference Example 1), and the closing time of the processing space is within 60 minutes as in Examples 1 to 19, but the aerosol stock solution is Similar studies were conducted on samples whose composition, specific gravity, or ratio of aerosol stock solution to propellant deviated from those of the Examples (Reference Examples 2 to 7).
〔実施例１〕
難揮散性化合物である防除成分としてフェノトリン（５３ｗ／ｖ％）と、揮散性ピレスロイド系化合物である防除成分としてメトフルトリン（０．７ｗ／ｖ％）とをエタノールに溶解してエアゾール原液を調製した。このエアゾール原液の比重は０．９３であった。このエアゾール原液（ａ）１２ｍＬと、噴射剤として液化石油ガス（ｂ）１８ｍＬとを、容量比率（ａ／ｂ）が体積比で４０／６０となるように、噴射容量が１．０ｍＬである定量噴霧バルブ付きエアゾール容器（エアゾール容器）に加圧充填して、害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを得た。なお、本エアゾールの噴射距離５ｃｍにおける噴射力は２８ｇｆであり、エアゾール容器及びこのエアゾール容器を被覆するシュリンクフィルムには、「屋内空間を一定量噴射処理後３０分閉め切る」旨の製品表示（使用時の注意書き）を付した。
[Example 1]
An aerosol stock solution was prepared by dissolving in ethanol phenothrin (53 w/v %) as a pest control component that is a hardly volatile compound and methofluthrin (0.7 w/v %) as a pest control component that is a volatile pyrethroid compound. The specific gravity of this aerosol stock solution was 0.93. 12 mL of this aerosol stock solution (a) and 18 mL of liquefied petroleum gas (b) as a propellant were fixed in a quantitative manner with an injection volume of 1.0 mL so that the volume ratio (a/b) was 40/60. The mixture was filled under pressure into an aerosol container with a spray valve (aerosol container) to obtain an aerosol for controlling pests and mites. The spraying force of this aerosol at a spraying distance of 5cm is 28 gf, and the aerosol container and the shrink film covering the aerosol container have a product label (in use Attached is a cautionary note (at the time).
容積２５ｍ３の部屋（６畳の部屋に相当、面積１０ｍ２）に置かれたテレビや食器棚等を養生することなく部屋を閉め切り、この部屋の中央（床上１．５ｍの高さ）で害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールをやや斜め上方に向けて噴射し、空間処理を行った。この噴射処理後３０分部屋を閉め切る（換気率：０．２～０．４回／時間）ことにより、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法を実施した。その後は一般住宅における自然換気状態（換気率：０．８～１．０回／時間）で噴射時点から１時間３０分経過時まで放置し、さらに噴射時点から２４時間経過時までは開放状態で薬剤に暴露させた。この間ずっと部屋に在室したが健康上の違和感は全くなく、また噴射沈降物が殆ど認められなかったことから処理後の清掃作業を必要としなかった。その後数日間にわたり、ゴキブリ類、アリ類やシバンムシ等の匍匐害虫に対して実用的な防除効果を発揮するとともに、屋内塵性ダニ類を寄せ付けなかった。 A room with a volume of 25 m 3 (equivalent to a 6 tatami room, area 10 m 2 ) was closed off without protecting the TV, cupboards, etc., and pests were found in the center of the room (1.5 m above the floor) A space treatment was carried out by spraying an aerosol for mite control slightly diagonally upward. After this spraying treatment, the room was closed for 30 minutes (ventilation rate: 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour) to carry out the pest and mite control method of the present invention. After that, leave it in the natural ventilation state (ventilation rate: 0.8 to 1.0 times/hour) in a general house until 1 hour and 30 minutes have passed from the time of injection, and then leave it in an open state until 24 hours have passed from the time of injection. exposed to drugs. Although the patient remained in the room during this period, he did not feel any health discomfort at all, and there was no need for post-treatment cleaning as there was almost no sprayed sediment. Over the next few days, it demonstrated practical control effects against crawling pests such as cockroaches, ants, and grasshoppers, and also kept indoor dust mites at bay.
また、この処理における噴射直後のフェノトリン気中濃度（Ｃ１）と、その後３０分部屋を閉め切り、それ以降は自然換気状態に戻して１時間後（噴射直後から１時間３０分後）のフェノトリン気中濃度（Ｃ２）を測定したところ、前述の式（１）により算出される気中濃度残存率は０．６％であった。即ち、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、部屋を３０分閉め切るだけで防除成分の殆どが床面全体に沈降及び付着して数日間にわたり防除効果を発揮し、しかも防除成分の気中濃度残存率は０．６％で、浮遊する防除成分を吸入することによる安全性の問題を生じる恐れは殆どないことが確認された。さらに、噴霧処理後ゴキブリがフラッシングアウトする現象が観察されたが、そのゴキブリが部屋から逃亡するのを防ぐためには密閉時間は１５分以上が好適であることも分かった。 In addition, the phenothrin air concentration (C1) immediately after injection in this process, and the phenothrin air concentration 1 hour after the room was closed for 30 minutes and then returned to natural ventilation (1 hour and 30 minutes after injection) When the concentration (C2) was measured, the residual air concentration calculated by the above-mentioned formula (1) was 0.6%. That is, according to the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention, most of the pest control ingredients settle and adhere to the entire floor surface by just closing the room for 30 minutes, and the pest control effect is exerted for several days. The medium concentration residual rate was 0.6%, and it was confirmed that there is almost no risk of safety problems arising from inhalation of floating control components. Furthermore, although a phenomenon in which cockroaches flushed out after the spraying treatment was observed, it was also found that a sealing time of 15 minutes or more was preferable in order to prevent the cockroaches from escaping from the room.
〔実施例２～１８〕
実施例１に準じた手順で、表１に示す配合にて各種害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを調製し、表１に示す閉鎖時間で本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法を実施した。
[Examples 2 to 18]
According to a procedure similar to Example 1, aerosols for controlling various insect pests and mites were prepared with the formulations shown in Table 1, and the method for controlling insect pests and mites of the present invention was carried out at the closing time shown in Table 1.
〔比較例１〕
比較例１は、処理空間の閉鎖時間を６０分より長い７０分としたものである。実施例１に準じた手順で、表２に示す配合にて害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを調製し、本発明の範囲外となる害虫、ダニ防除方法を実施した。
[Comparative example 1]
In Comparative Example 1, the processing space was closed for 70 minutes, which was longer than 60 minutes. According to a procedure similar to Example 1, an aerosol for controlling pests and mites was prepared with the formulation shown in Table 2, and a method for controlling pests and mites outside the scope of the present invention was carried out.
〔参考例１～７〕
実施例１に準じた手順で、表２に示す配合にて各種害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールを調製し、表２に示す閉鎖時間で本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法を実施した。
[Reference examples 1 to 7]
According to a procedure similar to Example 1, aerosols for controlling various pests and mites were prepared with the formulations shown in Table 2, and the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention was carried out at the closing time shown in Table 2.
実施例１～１８、比較例１、及び参考例１～７の害虫、ダニ防除方法を実施後、下記に示す試験を行った。屋内塵性ダニ類に対しては、まず駆除効果を調べ、駆除効果が乏しい場合、忌避効果を評価した。試験結果を表３に示す。 After carrying out the pest and mite control methods of Examples 1 to 18, Comparative Example 1, and Reference Examples 1 to 7, the following tests were conducted. For indoor dust mites, the extermination effect was first examined, and if the extermination effect was poor, the repellent effect was evaluated. The test results are shown in Table 3.
（１）匍匐害虫に対する駆除効果
２０×２０ｃｍのガラス板合計１２枚（チャバネゴキブリ用、ワモンゴキブリ用、及びクロヤマアリ用各４枚）を閉めきった容積２５ｍ３の部屋（面積１０ｍ２）の４隅に設置し、各ガラス板の上に直径約２０ｃｍのプラスチックリングを置き、各リング内に所定の供試昆虫（チャバネゴキブリ：♀成虫５匹、ワモンゴキブリ：幼虫５匹、クロヤマアリ：５匹）を放って自由に徘徊させた。供試エアゾールを部屋の中央（床上１．５ｍの高さ）でやや斜め上方に向けて一定量噴射処理した。噴射直後から表１及び表２に示す閉鎖時間部屋を閉め切った（換気率：０．２～０．４回／時間）後、一般住宅における自然換気条件（換気率：０．８～１．０回／時間）で噴射時点から１時間３０分経過時まで放置し、さらに噴射時点から２４時間経過時までは開放状態で薬剤に暴露させた。ガラス板を、供試昆虫を含むリングごと別部屋に移し、餌を与え、更に２４時間後に供試昆虫の致死率を求めた。
(1) Extermination effect against creeping pests A total of 12 glass plates measuring 20 x 20 cm (four each for German cockroaches, American cockroaches, and black wood ants) were installed in the four corners of a closed room with a volume of 25 m 3 (area 10 m 2 ). Then, a plastic ring with a diameter of approximately 20 cm was placed on each glass plate, and designated test insects (German cockroach: 5 adult females, American cockroach: 5 larvae, Black wood ant: 5 insects) were released into each ring and allowed to roam freely. I let it wander. A constant amount of the test aerosol was sprayed slightly diagonally upward in the center of the room (at a height of 1.5 m above the floor). Immediately after injection, after closing the room for the closing time shown in Tables 1 and 2 (ventilation rate: 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour), the natural ventilation conditions in a general house (ventilation rate: 0.8 to 1.0 The tubes were allowed to stand until 1 hour and 30 minutes had elapsed from the time of injection (times/hour), and were exposed to the drug in an open state until 24 hours had elapsed from the time of injection. The glass plate, together with the ring containing the test insects, was moved to a separate room, fed, and the mortality rate of the test insects was determined 24 hours later.
（２）屋内塵性ダニ類に対する駆除効果
直径９ｃｍ、高さ６ｃｍの腰高シャーレ８個（コナヒョウヒダニ用、及びケナガコナダニ用各４個）を閉めきった容積２５ｍ３の部屋（面積１０ｍ２）の４隅に設置し、腰高シャーレ内に所定の供試ダニ各約２００匹ずつ入れて供試した。供試エアゾールを部屋の中央（床上１．５ｍの高さ）でやや斜め上方に向けて一定量噴射処理した。噴射直後から表１及び表２に示す閉鎖時間部屋を閉め切った（換気率：０．２～０．４回／時間）後、一般住宅における自然換気条件（換気率：０．８～１．０回／時間）で噴射時点から１時間３０分経過時まで放置し、さらに噴射時点から２４時間経過時までは開放状態で薬剤に暴露させた。致死した供試ダニ数を数え、致死率（％）を求めた。
(2) Extermination effect on indoor dust mites The four corners of a 25 m3 room (area: 10 m2 ) containing 8 waist-high petri dishes (4 each for Dermatophagoides and 4 for woolly Dermatophagoids) with a diameter of 9 cm and a height of 6 cm Approximately 200 of the specified test mites were placed in a waist-high petri dish and tested. A constant amount of the test aerosol was sprayed slightly diagonally upward in the center of the room (at a height of 1.5 m above the floor). Immediately after injection, after closing the room for the closing time shown in Tables 1 and 2 (ventilation rate: 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour), the natural ventilation conditions in a general house (ventilation rate: 0.8 to 1.0 The tubes were allowed to stand until 1 hour and 30 minutes had elapsed from the time of injection (times/hour), and were exposed to the drug in an open state until 24 hours had elapsed from the time of injection. The number of test ticks that died was counted and the mortality rate (%) was determined.
（３）屋内塵性ダニ類に対する忌避効果
上記「（２）屋内塵性ダニ類に対する駆除効果」試験において、供試ダニの替わりに直径約４ｃｍの綿布を部屋の４隅に設置し、供試エアゾールを一定量噴射処理した。噴射直後から表１及び表２に示す閉鎖時間部屋を閉め切った（換気率：０．２～０．４回／時間）後、一般住宅における自然換気条件（換気率：０．８～１．０回／時間）で噴射時点から１時間３０分経過時まで放置し、さらに噴射時点から２４時間経過時まで開放状態で放置後にこの綿布を取り出して直径４ｃｍのシャーレにはめ込み、シャーレの中央部に誘引用培地５０ｍｇを置いた。これとは別に、直径９ｃｍのシャーレに供試コナヒョウヒダニ、又はケナガコナダニを培地とともに約１００００匹放ち、この直径９ｃｍのシャーレの中央部に、先に用意した直径４ｃｍのシャーレを置いた。同様に、供試エアゾールによる処理を行わなかった綿布を用いて無処理区を用意した。２４時間後に綿布上に侵入したダニ数を計数し、以下の式（２）：
ダニ忌避率（％） ＝ ［（無処理区の侵入ダニ数－処理区の侵入ダニ数） ／ 無処理区の侵入ダニ数］ × １００ ・・・（２）
によりダニ忌避率（％）を算出した。
(3) Repellent effect on indoor dust mites In the above "(2) Repellent effect on indoor dust mites" test, cotton cloth with a diameter of about 4 cm was placed in the four corners of the room in place of the test mites. A fixed amount of aerosol was sprayed. Immediately after injection, after closing the room for the closing time shown in Tables 1 and 2 (ventilation rate: 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour), the natural ventilation conditions in a general house (ventilation rate: 0.8 to 1.0 times/hour) until 1 hour and 30 minutes have elapsed from the time of injection, and then left in the open state until 24 hours have elapsed from the time of injection, then take out this cotton cloth and fit it into a 4cm diameter Petri dish, and place it in the center of the Petri dish. 50 mg of reference medium was placed. Separately, about 10,000 test specimens of Dermatophagoides or Pleurotus mites were released together with a medium into a 9 cm diameter Petri dish, and the previously prepared 4 cm diameter Petri dish was placed in the center of this 9 cm diameter Petri dish. Similarly, an untreated area was prepared using cotton cloth that was not treated with the test aerosol. After 24 hours, the number of mites that invaded the cotton fabric was counted and calculated using the following formula (2):
Mite repellent rate (%) = [(Number of invading mites in untreated area - Number of invading mites in treated area) / Number of invading mites in untreated area] × 100 ... (2)
The tick repellency rate (%) was calculated.
（４）防除成分の拡散均一性
閉めきった容積２５ｍ３の部屋（面積１０ｍ２）の床面の６～８ヶ所に２０×２０ｃｍのガラス板を設置し、供試エアゾールを部屋の中央（床上１．５ｍの高さ）でやや斜め上方に向けて一定量噴射処理した。噴射直後から表１及び表２に示す閉鎖時間部屋を閉め切った（換気率：０．２～０．４回／時間）後、一般住宅における自然換気条件（換気率：０．８～１．０回／時間）で１時間放置後に全てのガラス板を取り出し、付着した防除成分をアセトンで洗い出してガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。ガラス板に付着した防除成分について、各ガラス板間のバラツキを解析し、噴霧粒子の拡散均一性を評価した。結果を、拡散均一性の良好なものから順に、◎、○、△、×の４段階で示した。
(4) Uniformity of diffusion of pest control components Glass plates measuring 20 x 20 cm were installed in 6 to 8 locations on the floor of a closed room with a volume of 25 m 3 (area 10 m 2 ), and the test aerosol was applied to the center of the room (on the floor). A certain amount of water was sprayed slightly diagonally upward at a height of 1.5 m. Immediately after injection, after closing the room for the closing time shown in Tables 1 and 2 (ventilation rate: 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour), the natural ventilation conditions in a general house (ventilation rate: 0.8 to 1.0 After leaving it for 1 hour (times/hour), all the glass plates were taken out, and the adhering control components were washed out with acetone and analyzed by gas chromatography. Regarding the pesticidal components attached to the glass plates, we analyzed the variation between each glass plate and evaluated the uniformity of diffusion of spray particles. The results are shown in four grades: ◎, ○, △, and × in descending order of diffusion uniformity.
（５）防除成分の気中濃度残存率
閉めきった容積２５ｍ３の部屋（面積１０ｍ２）の中央（床上１．５ｍの高さ）で供試エアゾールをやや斜め上方に向けて一定量噴射処理した。部屋の中央から５０ｃｍ後方（壁面から１３０ｃｍ）、床上１２０ｃｍの位置に空気捕集管（ガラス管にシリカゲルを充填し、両端を脱脂綿で詰めたもの）を設置し、噴射処理直後、真空ポンプに接続して所定量の空気を吸引した。空気捕集管をアセトンで洗浄し、捕集された防除成分量をガスクロマトグラフィー（株式会社島津製作所、型式ＧＣ１７００）により分析した。得られた分析値に基づき、噴射処理直後の防除成分の気中濃度（Ｃ１）（ｍｇ／ｍ３）を求めた。更に、噴射直後から表１及び表２に示す閉鎖時間部屋を閉め切った（換気率：０．２～０．４回／時間）後、一般住宅における自然換気条件（換気率：０．８～１．０回／時間）で１時間３０分経過後に同様の処理を行い、この時点における気中濃度（Ｃ２）（ｍｇ／ｍ３）を求めた。そして、Ｃ１及びＣ２から、前述の式（１）より気中濃度残存率（％）を算出した。
(5) Airborne concentration residual rate of control components Spray a fixed amount of the test aerosol slightly diagonally upward in the center of a closed room (area 10 m 2 ) with a volume of 25 m 3 (at a height of 1.5 m above the floor). did. Install an air collection tube (a glass tube filled with silica gel and stuffed with absorbent cotton at both ends) at a position 50cm behind the center of the room (130cm from the wall) and 120cm above the floor, and connect it to a vacuum pump immediately after spraying. A predetermined amount of air was sucked out. The air collection tube was washed with acetone, and the amount of the collected control component was analyzed by gas chromatography (Shimadzu Corporation, Model GC1700). Based on the obtained analytical values, the atmospheric concentration (C1) (mg/m 3 ) of the control component immediately after the injection treatment was determined. Furthermore, after the room was closed for the closing time shown in Tables 1 and 2 from immediately after the injection (ventilation rate: 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour), natural ventilation conditions in general houses (ventilation rate: 0.8 to 1 After 1 hour and 30 minutes had elapsed, the same treatment was performed, and the air concentration (C2) (mg/m 3 ) at this point was determined. Then, the air concentration residual rate (%) was calculated from C1 and C2 using the above-mentioned formula (1).
試験の結果、実施例１～１８では、一定量噴射処理後、噴霧粒子が床面全体に略均一に拡散し、６０分以内屋内空間を閉め切るだけで匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対して実用的な防除効果を奏する一方、噴射直後から１時間３０分後の防除成分の気中濃度残存率が２．０％以下に低減しており安全性の面でも問題を生じる恐れがないことが確認された。なお、害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールに難揮散性の防除成分として、匍匐害虫防除用化合物を配合した実施例１～１５では、その防除効果は匍匐害虫、及び屋内塵性ダニ類の何れにも及んだが、難揮散性の防除成分として、ダニ防除用化合物を配合した実施例１６～１８の場合、匍匐害虫に対する防除効果はそれほど高くなかった。また、エアゾール原液の調製に用いる有機溶剤としては、エタノールやイソプロパノールのような、炭素数が２～３の低級アルコールが、噴霧粒子の拡散均一性や床面にベタツキを生じにくい点などから炭化水素系溶剤やエステル系溶剤より好ましかった。さらに、実施例１～１８と参考例１との比較から、噴射処理後の処理空間の閉鎖時間を６０分以内、好ましくは１５～６０分とすることで、匍匐害虫や屋内塵性ダニ類に対する防除効果をより向上させることができることが判明した。ただし、参考例１についても、ゴキブリに対する駆除効果は実施例１～１８より劣るものの、ゴキブリに対する忌避効果は十分に見られた。 The test results showed that in Examples 1 to 18, after spraying a certain amount, the spray particles spread almost uniformly over the entire floor surface, and were effective against creeping pests and indoor dust mites by simply closing off the indoor space within 60 minutes. While it has a practical pesticidal effect, the residual air concentration of the pesticidal component after 1 hour and 30 minutes after injection has been reduced to 2.0% or less, so there is no risk of safety problems. was confirmed. In addition, in Examples 1 to 15, in which compounds for controlling creeping pests were blended as non-volatile control ingredients in aerosols for controlling pests and mites, the control effect extended to both creeping pests and indoor dust mites. However, in Examples 16 to 18, in which a compound for controlling mites was added as a non-volatile control component, the control effect against creeping pests was not so high. In addition, as the organic solvent used to prepare the aerosol stock solution, lower alcohols with 2 to 3 carbon atoms, such as ethanol and isopropanol, are preferred since they are less likely to cause stickiness on the floor due to the uniformity of the atomized particles' diffusion. It was more preferable than solvent-based solvents or ester-based solvents. Furthermore, from a comparison of Examples 1 to 18 and Reference Example 1, by setting the closing time of the treatment space after spraying treatment to within 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, it is possible to prevent creeping pests and indoor dust mites. It was found that the pest control effect could be further improved. However, in Reference Example 1, although the effect of exterminating cockroaches was inferior to Examples 1 to 18, the effect of repelling cockroaches was sufficient.
実施例１～１８として実施した害虫、ダニ防除方法によれば、従来の燻煙剤や全量噴射型エアゾールによる害虫、ダニ防除方法で必要であった２～３時間の閉鎖工程を大幅に短縮しつつも防除効果を確保することができた。このように、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法は、使用者の利便性にも優れたものであった。 According to the pest and mite control methods implemented in Examples 1 to 18, the 2 to 3 hour closure process required by conventional pest and mite control methods using smoke agents and full-volume aerosols was significantly shortened. However, we were able to maintain a pest control effect. In this way, the method for controlling pests and mites of the present invention was excellent in convenience for the user.
噴射処理後の閉鎖時間を６０分より長い７０分とした比較例１では、防除成分の気中濃度残存率が２．２％と非常に高い値となった。噴射処理後の閉鎖時間を長くすれば、当然に害虫、ダニに対する防除効果は高まることになるが、本発明の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、主に一般住居での使用を想定しているため、居室内に人やペットが留まっている場面が多いと考えられる。そのような場面では、人やペットが浮遊する防除成分を吸入してしまう虞があると考えられる。そうすると、人やペットの健康面や安全性を考慮すれば、防除成分の気中濃度残存率が高くなる比較例１の結果は、好ましいとは言えないものである。 In Comparative Example 1, in which the closing time after the injection treatment was 70 minutes, which was longer than 60 minutes, the residual air concentration of the control component was a very high value of 2.2%. Naturally, the longer the closure time after spraying treatment, the greater the pest and mite control effect, but the pest and mite control aerosol of the present invention is primarily intended for use in general residences. It is thought that there are many situations where people or pets remain in the living room. In such situations, there is a risk that people or pets may inhale the floating pesticide components. In this case, when considering the health and safety of humans and pets, the results of Comparative Example 1, in which the residual rate of the airborne concentration of the control component is high, cannot be said to be favorable.
参考例１～７は、実施例と比較して害虫防除効果は低下したが、匍匐害虫、屋内塵性ダニ類対する防除効果を示した。参考例２は、エアゾール原液中の防除成分の含有量が小さく、参考例４は、エアゾール原液の比重が小さいために、防除成分の床面への沈降及び付着量が不足し、実施例１～１８と同様の噴射条件では、防除効果が低くなったと考えられる。エアゾール原液中の防除成分の含有量が過度に大きい参考例３、エアゾール原液の比重が過度に大きい参考例５、エアゾール容器に充填した噴射剤の割合が過度に大きい参考例６、及びエアゾール容器に充填した噴射剤の割合が過度に小さい参考例７では、噴霧粒子の拡散均一性が低かったことが、防除効果の低下の原因であると考えられる。 Reference Examples 1 to 7 showed a control effect against creeping pests and indoor dust mites, although the pest control effect was lower than in Examples. In Reference Example 2, the content of the control component in the aerosol stock solution is small, and in Reference Example 4, the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is small, so the amount of control component settling and adhering to the floor surface is insufficient. It is considered that the control effect was lower under the same injection conditions as No. 18. Reference Example 3 where the content of the control component in the aerosol stock solution is excessively large, Reference Example 5 where the specific gravity of the aerosol stock solution is too large, Reference Example 6 where the proportion of propellant filled in the aerosol container is too large, and In Reference Example 7, in which the proportion of the filled propellant was too small, the low uniformity of diffusion of the sprayed particles is considered to be the cause of the decrease in the pesticidal effect.
〔実施例１９〕
実施例１では、閉鎖工程において部屋を閉め切る際の換気率を０．２～０．４回／時間としたが、一般住宅等では換気口の有無や部屋の構造によって、部屋を閉め切る際の換気率がより大きい場合も想定し得る。そこで、実施例１９では、部屋を閉め切る際の換気率を０．６～０．８回／時間に変更し、他の条件は実施例１と同様の手順で本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法を実施した。そのまま部屋に在室した結果、実施例１と同様、健康上の違和感は全くなく、また噴射沈降物が殆ど認められなかったことから処理後の清掃作業を必要としなかった。その後数日間にわたり、実施例１と同様、ゴキブリ類、アリ類やシバンムシ等の匍匐害虫に対して実用的な防除効果を発揮するとともに、屋内塵性ダニ類を寄せ付けなかった。
[Example 19]
In Example 1, the ventilation rate when closing the room in the closing process was set to 0.2 to 0.4 times/hour. It can also be assumed that the ventilation rate is higher. Therefore, in Example 19, the ventilation rate when closing the room was changed to 0.6 to 0.8 times/hour, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. was carried out. As a result of staying in the room as it was, as in Example 1, there was no health discomfort at all, and almost no sprayed sediment was observed, so cleaning work after treatment was not required. Over the next several days, as in Example 1, it exerted a practical control effect against crawling pests such as cockroaches, ants, and grasshoppers, and kept indoor dust mites at bay.
〔実施例２０〕
夏の早朝７時ごろに、木造一軒家の６畳の居間において、予め窓やドアを閉め切った状態で、実施例１のエアゾールを部屋の中央（床上１．５ｍの高さ付近）でやや斜め上方に向けて４回噴射処理した。窓やドアを閉め切った状態を３０分維持した後、窓を少し開放した。噴射処理後そのまま部屋に在室した結果、実施例１と同様、健康上の違和感は全くなく、また噴射沈降物が殆ど認められなかったことから処理後の清掃作業を必要としなかった。使用した当日は、居間に外から蚊を寄せ付けなかった。さらに、その後数日間にわたり、ゴキブリ類、アリ類やシバンムシ等の匍匐害虫も見られず、屋内塵性ダニ類を寄せ付けなかったことから実用的な防除効果を発揮することが分かった。
[Example 20]
Around 7 o'clock in the early morning in summer, in the 6 tatami living room of a wooden house, with the windows and doors closed, the aerosol of Example 1 was administered slightly diagonally upward in the center of the room (around a height of 1.5 m above the floor). The injection process was carried out four times. After keeping the windows and doors closed for 30 minutes, the windows were opened slightly. As a result of staying in the room after the spray treatment, as in Example 1, there was no health discomfort at all, and almost no spray sediment was observed, so no cleaning work was required after the treatment. On the day I used it, it kept mosquitoes out of my living room. Furthermore, no crawling pests such as cockroaches, ants, and grasshoppers were seen over the next few days, and the product did not attract indoor dust mites, indicating that it has a practical pest control effect.
本発明の害虫、ダニ防除方法、及び害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾールは、屋内での広範な害虫、ダニ防除を目的として利用することが可能である。 The method for controlling pests and mites and the aerosol for controlling pests and mites of the present invention can be used for controlling a wide range of pests and mites indoors.
Claims (8)
前記害虫は、匍匐害虫であり、
前記ダニは、屋内塵性ダニ類であり、
家屋の処理空間に害虫、ダニ防除成分を含む定量噴射タイプのエアゾールを噴射し、空間処理のための雰囲気を生成する噴射工程と、
空間処理のための雰囲気が生成された処理空間を窓やドアを閉めた状態にして２０～６０分閉鎖する閉鎖工程と、
を包含し、
前記害虫、ダニ防除成分は、フェノトリン、ペルメトリン、及びシフェノトリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の難揮散性化合物からなり、
前記定量噴射タイプのエアゾールは、前記害虫、ダニ防除成分及び有機溶剤を含有するエアゾール原液と、噴射剤とを定量噴射バルブを備えたエアゾール容器に充填してなり、
前記エアゾール容器に充填される前記エアゾール原液（ａ）と、前記噴射剤（ｂ）との容量比率（ａ／ｂ）は、２０／８０～５０／５０であり、
前記定量噴射バルブの一回当たりの噴射容量は、０．２～１．０ｍＬであり、
噴射口からの距離が５ｃｍの箇所において噴射力が１５～５０ｇｆであり、
前記噴射工程において、前記処理空間の容積は、１８．８～３３．３ｍ３である害虫、ダニ防除方法。 A method for controlling pests and mites using a fixed-dose type aerosol,
The pest is a creeping pest,
The mites are indoor dust mites,
an injection step of injecting a metered amount aerosol containing pest and mite control ingredients into the treatment space of the house to create an atmosphere for space treatment;
a closing step of closing the processing space in which an atmosphere for space processing has been generated for 20 to 60 minutes with the windows and doors closed;
encompasses,
The insect pest and mite control component consists of at least one kind of hardly volatile compound selected from the group consisting of phenothrin, permethrin, and cyphenothrin,
The metered amount injection type aerosol is obtained by filling an aerosol stock solution containing the insect pest and mite control component and an organic solvent and a propellant into an aerosol container equipped with a metered amount injection valve,
The volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol stock solution (a) and the propellant (b) filled in the aerosol container is 20/80 to 50/50,
The injection volume per injection of the quantitative injection valve is 0.2 to 1.0 mL,
The injection force is 15 to 50 gf at a distance of 5 cm from the injection port,
In the injection step, the volume of the treatment space is 18.8 to 33.3 m 3 .
前記エアゾール原液の比重は、０．８５～１．１５である請求項１に記載の害虫、ダニ防除方法。 The content of the insect pest and mite control component in the aerosol stock solution is 30 to 75 w/v%,
The method for controlling pests and mites according to claim 1, wherein the aerosol stock solution has a specific gravity of 0.85 to 1.15.
前記閉鎖工程において、前記処理空間を閉鎖した後、前記処理空間を自然換気条件下で保持し、噴射時から１時間３０分経過後の前記処理空間における前記難揮散性化合物の気中濃度をＣ２としたとき、
以下の式（１）：
Ｒ ＝ Ｃ２／Ｃ１ × １００ ・・・（１）
で定義する気中濃度残存率Ｒが０．０４～２．０％である請求項１～３の何れか一項に記載の害虫、ダニ防除方法。 In the injection step, when a fixed amount of the metered injection type aerosol is injected into a closed 25 m 3 processing space, the atmospheric concentration of the hardly volatile compound in the processing space immediately after injection is set as C1,
In the closing step, after closing the processing space, the processing space is maintained under natural ventilation conditions, and the atmospheric concentration of the hardly volatile compound in the processing space after 1 hour and 30 minutes from the time of injection is adjusted to C2. When
The following formula (1):
R = C2/C1 × 100...(1)
The method for controlling pests and mites according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the airborne concentration residual rate R defined as R is 0.04 to 2.0%.
前記害虫は、匍匐害虫であり、
前記ダニは、屋内塵性ダニ類であり、
前記害虫、ダニ防除成分は、フェノトリン、ペルメトリン、及びシフェノトリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の難揮散性化合物からなり、
前記エアゾール容器に充填される前記エアゾール原液（ａ）と、前記噴射剤（ｂ）との容量比率（ａ／ｂ）は、２０／８０～５０／５０であり、
前記定量噴射バルブの一回当たりの噴射容量は、０．２～１．０ｍＬであり、
噴射口からの距離が５ｃｍの箇所において噴射力が１５～５０ｇｆであり、
前記エアゾール容器及び／又は前記エアゾール容器の包装材に、エアゾールの噴射後に処理空間を窓やドアを閉めた状態にして２０～６０分閉鎖する旨の表示があり、
噴射対象の家屋の処理空間の容積は、１８．８～３３．３ｍ３である害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾール。 An aerosol for controlling pests and mites, which is obtained by filling an aerosol container equipped with a metered-dose injection valve with an aerosol stock solution containing a pest- and mite-controlling component and an organic solvent, and a propellant,
The pest is a creeping pest,
The mites are indoor dust mites,
The insect pest and mite control component consists of at least one kind of hardly volatile compound selected from the group consisting of phenothrin, permethrin, and cyphenothrin,
The volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol stock solution (a) and the propellant (b) filled in the aerosol container is 20/80 to 50/50,
The injection volume per injection of the quantitative injection valve is 0.2 to 1.0 mL,
The injection force is 15 to 50 gf at a distance of 5 cm from the injection port,
There is an indication on the aerosol container and/or the packaging material of the aerosol container that the processing space will be closed for 20 to 60 minutes with the windows and doors closed after spraying the aerosol;
This aerosol for controlling pests and mites has a volume of 18.8 to 33.3 m3 in the treatment space of the house to be sprayed.
前記エアゾール原液の比重は、０．８５～１．１５である請求項６に記載の害虫、ダニ防除用エアゾール。 The content of the insect pest and mite control component in the aerosol stock solution is 30 to 75 w/v%,
The aerosol for controlling pests and mites according to claim 6, wherein the aerosol stock solution has a specific gravity of 0.85 to 1.15.
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