JP2023102050A - Cargo handling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce vibration transmitted to an operator in a cab.SOLUTION: A cargo handling machine which is a crane or an unloader comprises: a cab 20; a support member 21 that supports the cab in a vertical direction; and a damping device 30 provided between the cab and the support member.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present disclosure relates to material handling machines, and more particularly to material handling machines that are cranes or unloaders.

For example, cargo handling machines such as cranes are installed on the quay walls of harbors to transfer cargo between land and ships. In such a cargo handling machine, an operator's cab is installed for the purpose of controlling the position of the cargo and controlling the operation of the machine in general. An operator is present in the operator's cab, and the operator manually operates various switches, levers, etc., and controls each part of the machine so that work can be carried out safely while visually checking the position of the load.

Patent No. 5752956 JP 2012-176835 A

By the way, since a relatively large vibration occurs in the machine during cargo handling work, the vibration is transmitted to the operator's cab, and is also transmitted to the operator in the cab. Therefore, the operator is constantly exposed to such vibrations during work, and improvement of the work environment is awaited. In particular, operators of cargo handling machines are aging and there is a shortage of human resources, so it is urgent to improve the working environment in order to secure human resources.

Therefore, the present disclosure was created in view of such circumstances, and its object is to provide a cargo handling machine capable of reducing vibration transmitted to the operator in the operator's cab.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure,
A cargo handling machine that is a crane or unloader,
driver's cab;
a support member that supports the cab in a vertical direction;
a damping device interposed between the driver's cab and the supporting member;
A cargo handling machine is provided.

Preferably, the support member supports the bottom surface of the operator's cab from below,
The damping device is interposed between the bottom portion of the cab and the support member.

Preferably, the cargo handling machine comprises:
an upper auxiliary support member that auxiliary supports the roof of the cab;
an upper auxiliary damping device interposed between the roof of the cab and the upper auxiliary support member;
Prepare.

Preferably, the support member supports the operator's cab by suspending it from above,
The damping device is interposed between the roof of the cab and the supporting member.

Preferably, the cargo handling machine comprises:
a lower auxiliary support member that auxiliary supports the bottom surface of the operator's cab;
a lower auxiliary damping device interposed between the bottom surface of the cab and the lower auxiliary support member;
Prepare.

Preferably, the cargo handling machine comprises:
a side auxiliary support member for auxiliaryly supporting the side of the cab;
a side auxiliary vibration damping device interposed between the side portion of the driver's cab and the side auxiliary support member;
Prepare.

Preferably, the cargo handling machine comprises:
a chair arranged inside the cab;
an indoor damping device interposed between the floor of the driver's cab and the chair;
Prepare.

According to the present disclosure, vibration transmitted to the operator in the cab can be reduced.

1 is a schematic diagram of a crane according to a first embodiment; FIG. It is the schematic which expands and shows the driver's cab in 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic which models and shows a damping device. It is the schematic of the crane which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is the schematic which expands and shows the driver's cab in 2nd Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the support structure of the driver's cab in 3rd Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the support structure of the chair in 4th Embodiment.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to cargo handling machines that are cranes or unloaders. The term "crane" as used herein refers to a mechanical device other than a mobile crane, which is intended to lift a load using power and transport it horizontally. A “mobile crane” is a mechanical device for the purpose of lifting and horizontally transporting cargo using power, which has a built-in prime mover and is capable of moving cargo to an unspecified location.

The cranes are for example jib cranes, overhead cranes or bridge cranes. A crane can only move in a fixed route along a predetermined travel track. Unloaders include continuous unloaders. The prime mover as a power source for cranes and unloaders is an electric motor. The installation location and application of the crane and unloader are arbitrary. Mobile cranes, on the other hand, are for example truck cranes, wheel cranes or crawler cranes. A prime mover as a power source of a mobile crane is an internal combustion engine. A mobile crane can move in any route by running on wheels or crawlers.

[First embodiment]
1 is a schematic diagram of a cargo handling machine according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. The illustrated cargo handling machine is a jib crane, in particular a double-link hauling crane. In the figure, the left side is the sea side and the right side is the land side. For the sake of convenience, the sea side is the front, the land side is the rear, and the front, rear, left, right, up and down directions are defined as shown in the figure.

A pair of front and rear rails R extending in the left-right direction are installed on the quay Q, and the crane 1 is provided on the rails R so as to be able to travel. The crane 1 has a traveling platform 2 having wheels that can travel on rails R, and a revolving frame 3 that is rotatably provided on the upper surface of the traveling platform 2 . The swivel frame 3 can swivel around a swivel axis extending in the vertical direction.

A base end portion of the front link 4 and a base end portion of the upper link 5 are rotatably attached to the revolving frame 3 . A main link 6 is rotatably attached to the tip of the front link 4 and the tip of the upper link 5 . The revolving frame 3, the front link 4, the upper link 5 and the main link 6 constitute a four-bar link mechanism.

An intermediate portion of a balancing lever 7 is rotatably attached to the revolving frame 3 . A base end of a tension bar 8 is rotatably attached to the tip of the balancing lever 7 , and a tip of the tension bar 8 is rotatably attached to an intermediate portion of the front link 4 .

A base end of a gear jack 9 which is an actuator for raising and lowering is rotatably attached to the revolving frame 3 , and a tip of the gear jack 9 is rotatably attached to an intermediate portion of the front link 4 . By expanding and contracting the gear jack 9, the front link 4 can be raised and lowered, and the main link 6 can be extended to the sea side or retracted to the land side.

The rotation shafts of these rotatable mounting portions extend in the horizontal direction (left-right direction) and are arranged parallel to each other.

A wire rope 11 is let out from a hoisting device 10 on the revolving frame 3 . This wire rope 11 is suspended from a hanging frame 12 provided at the tip of the main link 6 . A hanger 13 such as a grab bucket is attached to the tip of the hanging wire rope 11 . By hoisting and lowering the wire rope 11 by the hoisting device 10, the sling 13 can be raised and lowered.

When unloading cargo (for example, loose cargo) in the hold of the ship 14 onto land, the sling 13 is lowered and moved into the hold through the hatch 15 . After grasping the cargo in the hold, the sling 13 is raised and moved out of the ship through the hatch 15 . After the sling 13 is horizontally moved toward the land side by the contraction of the main link 6, the load is released on a chute (not shown) and delivered.

An operator's cab 20 is provided in the crane 1 in order to manually operate the crane 1 including such a series of operations. The driver's cab 20 is vertically supported by a support member 21 . The support member 21 is configured by a portion of the structural members of the crane 1 that substantially supports the weight of the cab 20 . In this embodiment, the support member 21 is configured by the cab support base 22 fixed to the revolving frame 3 .

As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the operator's cab 20 is formed in the shape of a substantially cubic or rectangular parallelepiped box, and is configured to form a substantially sealed space inside. The operator's cab 20 has a top roof portion 20T, a bottom bottom portion 20B, a forward facing front portion 20FT, a rearward facing rear portion 20RR, a left facing left side portion 20L, and a right facing right side portion (not shown). The front portion 20FT, the rear portion 20RR, the left side portion 20L, and the right side portion constitute front, rear, left, and right side portions, respectively, and are all included in the side portion.

In the case of this embodiment, the machine is designed so that the operator faces the sea side, i.e., forward, and operates the machine while viewing the sling 13 ascending and descending through the hatch 15 from behind. Therefore, the operator's cab 20 is positioned forward of the traveling platform 2 and the wharf Q and rearward of the hatch 15 . The cab support base 22 extends horizontally forward from the revolving frame 3 .

A window 23 extending continuously from the front surface 20FT, the left side surface 20L and the right side surface of the cab 20 is provided. Although not shown, the rear surface portion 20RR of the operator's cab 20 is provided with an entrance and an opening/closing door for entering and exiting the operator's cab 20 .

Although not shown, the operator's cab 20 is provided with a chair on which the operator sits facing forward, and switches and levers operated by the operator.

By the way, since relatively large vibrations are generated in the crane 1 during cargo handling work, the vibrations may be transmitted to the operator's cab 20 and the operator in the operator's cab 20 may be exposed to the vibrations.

Therefore, in order to reduce the burden of vibration on the operator, a damping device 30 is interposed between the operator's cab 20 and the support member 21 in this embodiment. A vibration damping device is also called a vibration damping device or a seismic isolation device.

As is well known, the damping device 30 is a device that connects two members and suppresses transmission of vibration from one member to the other member. The vibration damping device 30 mainly includes an isolator that suppresses or blocks the transmission of vibration, and optionally includes a damper that damps vibration transmitted to the other member. The isolator is composed of an elastic body made of rubber or spring, a sliding bearing, or a rolling bearing. The damper is typically an oil damper, but it may be one that utilizes the ductility or frictional resistance of metal. FIG. 3 shows a modeled example of the vibration damping device 30 . Rubber is used for the isolator 31 and an oil damper is used for the damper 32 .

In this embodiment, the operator's cab support base 22 is positioned below the bottom surface portion 20B of the operator's cab 20 and supports the bottom surface portion 20B from below. The damping device 30 is interposed between the bottom portion 20B of the cab 20 and the cab support base 22 .

It is the driver's cab support 22 that substantially supports the load of the driver's cab 20 , and the damping device 30 is sandwiched between the driver's cab 20 and the driver's cab support 22 to receive the load from the driver's cab 20 .

The number, shape, size, arrangement, etc. of the damping devices 30 are arbitrary. In this embodiment, a plurality of vibration damping devices 30 are provided, and these vibration damping devices 30 support the load of the cab 20 evenly. The damping devices 30 can be provided, for example, at the four corners of the bottom surface portion 20B or at positions in the vicinity thereof.

Now, according to this embodiment, even if the operator's cab support base 22 vibrates due to the vibration of the crane 1 during cargo handling work, the vibration can be absorbed by the damping device 30, so that the vibration can be suppressed from being transmitted to the operator's cab 20. Therefore, the vibration transmitted to the operator in the operator's cab 20 can be reduced, and the working environment for the operator can be greatly improved. Along with this, it becomes possible to suppress the aging of operators and the shortage of human resources.

[Second embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. The same parts as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawing, and the description thereof is omitted, and the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described below.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cargo handling machine according to this embodiment. The illustrated material handling machine is an unloader, in particular a continuous unloader 40 .

A pair of front and rear rails R extending in the left-right direction are installed on the quay Q, and an unloader 40 is provided on the rails R so as to be able to travel. The unloader 40 has a traveling platform 41 having wheels capable of traveling on the rails R, and a revolving frame 42 rotatably provided on the upper surface of the traveling platform 41 . The swivel frame 42 can swivel around a swivel axis extending in the vertical direction.

A base end portion of the boom 43 and an intermediate portion of the balancing lever 44 are rotatably attached to the revolving frame 42 . A top frame 45 is rotatably attached to the tip of the boom 43 and the tip of the balancing lever 44 . The revolving frame 42, boom 43, balancing lever 44 and top frame 45 constitute a four-bar link mechanism or a parallel link mechanism.

A base end of a cylinder 46 as an actuator for raising and lowering is rotatably attached to the revolving frame 3 , and a tip of the cylinder 46 is rotatably attached to an intermediate portion of the balancing lever 44 . The expansion and contraction of the cylinder 46 raises and lowers the boom 43 so that the boom 43 can be laid down toward the sea or raised toward the land.

The rotation shafts of these rotatable mounting portions extend in the horizontal direction (left-right direction) and are arranged parallel to each other.

A bucket elevator 47 is rotatably provided on the top frame 45 . Bucket elevator 47 is rotatable around a vertically extending pivot axis.

The bucket elevator 47 includes a bucket elevator casing 48 extending vertically through the top frame 45 and a scraper 49 arranged below the bucket elevator casing 48 . A drive sprocket 50 is provided at the top within the bucket elevator casing 48 . The scraping portion 49 includes a rear sprocket 51, a front sprocket 52, a link mechanism 53 that connects the rear sprocket 51 and the front sprocket 52 to the lower end of the bucket elevator casing 48, and a telescopic cylinder (not shown) for changing the distance between the rear sprocket 51 and the front sprocket 52 to extend and contract the scraping portion 49.

The bucket elevator 47 also includes an endless chain 54 wound around the drive sprocket 50, the rear end sprocket 51 and the front end sprocket 52, and a plurality of buckets 55 installed at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the chain.

When unloading cargo (bulk cargo) in the hold 16 of the ship 14 onto land, the bucket elevator 47 is inserted into the cargo hold 16 through the hatch 15 and the scraper 49 is placed on the cargo in the cargo hold 16 . Then, the bucket elevator 47 is operated, and the drive sprocket 50 circulates the chain 54 . As a result, the cargo is successively scraped by the plurality of buckets 55 , moved up within the bucket elevator casing 48 , and delivered onto a boom conveyor (not shown) provided on the boom 43 . After that, the cargo passes through the chute (not shown) of the revolving frame 42 and the transfer device 56 of the traveling platform 41, is delivered to the landing conveyor 57 on the quay Q, and is transported by the landing conveyor 57 to a storage facility (not shown).

At the time of unloading, the length, position and orientation of the scraping portion 49 are optimally changed according to the condition, posture, etc. of the scraped cargo. The length of the scraping portion 49 is changed by the expansion and contraction of the telescopic cylinder. The position of the scraping unit 49 is changed by changing the positions of the boom 43 and the travel platform 41 . The orientation of the scraping portion 49 is changed by turning the bucket elevator 47 .

An operator's cab 60 is provided in the unloader 40 in order to manually operate the unloader 40 including such a series of operations. The driver's cab 60 is vertically supported by a support member 61 . In this embodiment, a support member 61 is configured by a cab support base 62 fixed to the top frame 45 . The cab support base 62 extends integrally from the top frame 45 toward the sea side (front side) in a crank shape.

As shown in detail in FIG. 5, the operator's cab 60 is formed in a substantially cubic or rectangular parallelepiped box shape and configured to form a substantially sealed space inside. The operator's cab 60 has a top roof portion 60T, a bottom bottom portion 60B, a forward facing front portion 60FT, a rearward facing rear portion 60RR, a left facing left side portion 60L, and a right facing right side portion (not shown). Similarly to the above, the front portion 60FT, the rear portion 60RR, the left side portion 60L and the right side portion form the front, rear, left and right side portions, respectively, and are all included in the side portion.

In this embodiment, the machine is designed so that the operator faces landward or rearward and operates the machine while viewing from the front the scraper 49 performing scraping work in the hold 16 . Therefore, the operator's cab 60 is positioned forward of the bucket elevator 47 . A window 63 extending continuously from the rear surface 60RR, the left side surface 60L and the right side surface of the cab 60 is provided. Although not shown, the right side surface of the operator's cab 20 is provided with an entrance and an opening/closing door for entering and exiting the operator's cab 60 .

Although not shown, the operator's cab 60 is provided with a chair on which the operator sits facing rearward, and switches and levers operated by the operator.

Also in the present embodiment, a damping device 30 similar to that described above is interposed between the operator's cab 60 and the support member 61 in order to suppress transmission of vibrations generated in the unloader 40 during cargo handling work to the operator in the operator's cab 20.

In this embodiment, the operator's cab support base 62 is positioned above the operator's cab 60 and supports the operator's cab 60 by suspending it from above. The damping device 30 is interposed between the roof portion 60T of the operator's cab 20 and the operator's cab support base 62 . A plurality of damping devices 30 evenly support the load of the cab 60 in the same manner as described above.

In the present embodiment, the operator's cab support base 62 vibrates during cargo handling work of the unloader 40 in the same manner as described above. Therefore, the vibration transmitted to the operator in the operator's cab 60 can be reduced, and the working environment for the operator can be greatly improved.

[Third embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the support method or support structure of the cab 60 is different. The operator's cab 60 itself is the same as the operator's cab 60 of the second embodiment. The type of cargo handling machine is arbitrary. For convenience, the direction in which the operator in the operator's cab 60 faces is defined as the front, and the front, rear, left, right, up, and down directions are defined as shown in the figure.

The cab 60 has a roof portion 60T, a bottom portion 60B, a front portion 60FT, a rear portion 60RR, a left side portion 60L and a right side portion (not shown). Windows 63 extending continuously from the front surface 60FT, the left side surface 60L and the right side surface of the driver's cab 60 are provided. Although not shown, the right side surface of the operator's cab 20 is provided with an entrance and an opening/closing door for entering and exiting the operator's cab 60 .

A driver's cab support base 72 as a support member 71 supports the driver's cab 60 in the vertical direction. In particular, the driver's cab support 72 is positioned below the bottom portion 60B of the driver's cab 60 and supports the bottom portion 60B from below, as in the first embodiment. A damping device 30 is interposed between the bottom surface portion 60B of the operator's cab 60 and the operator's cab support base 72 . In this embodiment, one damping device 30 is provided, but a plurality of damping devices 30 may be provided.

In addition to this, the crane is provided with auxiliary support members for auxiliary support of the cab 60 from another direction. Specifically, there are provided an upper auxiliary support member 73 positioned above the roof portion 60T of the cab 60 to support the roof portion 60T from above, and an auxiliary side support member 74 positioned behind the rear surface portion 60RR (rear side surface portion) of the cab 60 to support the rear surface portion 60RR from the rear.

An upper auxiliary damping device 30A is interposed between the roof portion 60T of the cab 60 and the upper auxiliary support member 73. As shown in FIG. A side auxiliary damping device 30B is interposed between the rear surface portion 60RR of the cab 60 and the side auxiliary support member 74. As shown in FIG. The damping device 30, the upper auxiliary damping device 30A, and the side auxiliary damping device 30B may have the same structure and type, or may have different structures and types.

In this embodiment, since the upper auxiliary support member 73 and the side auxiliary support member 74 support the operator's cab 60 from above and behind, the operator's cab 60 can be stably supported by increasing the supporting rigidity of the operator's cab 60. Further, even when such auxiliary support is provided, transmission of vibration from the upper auxiliary damping device 30A and the side auxiliary damping device 30B to the cab 60 can be suppressed by the upper auxiliary damping device 30A and the side auxiliary damping device 30B. Therefore, it is possible to suppress transmission of vibrations to the operator in the operator's cab 60, thereby greatly improving the working environment for the operator.

The following modifications are also possible in this embodiment.

(1) For example, the functions of the set of the cab support base 72 and the damping device 30 and the set of the upper auxiliary support member 73 and the upper auxiliary damping device 30A may be exchanged, and the set of the upper auxiliary support member 73 and the upper auxiliary damping device 30A may support the cab 60 substantially by suspension as in the second embodiment, and the set of the cab support base 72 and the damping device 30 may support the cab 60 from below. In this case, the upper auxiliary support member 73 and the upper auxiliary vibration damping device 30A constitute the supporting member and the vibration damping device as defined in the claims, and the cab support base 72 and the vibration damping device 30 constitute the lower auxiliary support member and the lower auxiliary vibration damping device as defined in the claims.

(2) The set of the side auxiliary support member 74 and the side auxiliary damping device 30B may be omitted.

(3) Either one of the set of the cab support base 72 and the damping device 30 or the set of the upper auxiliary support member 73 and the upper auxiliary damping device 30A may be provided, and the set of the side auxiliary support member 74 and the side auxiliary damping device 30B may be provided. If only the set of the upper auxiliary support member 73 and the upper auxiliary vibration damping device 30A is provided, these constitute the supporting member and the vibration damping device referred to in the claims.

(4) A set of the side auxiliary support member and the side auxiliary damping device may be provided for another side surface portion of the cab 60, namely, the front surface portion 60FT, the left side surface portion 60L, or the right side surface portion (not shown), or may be provided for a plurality of side surface portions.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. This embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, relates to a method or structure for supporting a chair 80 which is arranged inside a cab and on which an operator sits. The type of cargo handling machine is arbitrary. For convenience, the direction in which the operator sitting on the chair 80 faces (or the direction of the chair 80) is defined as the front, and the front, rear, left, right, up and down directions are defined as shown in the figure.

The chair 80 has a chair frame 81, and a seat plate 82 and a backrest plate 83 fixed to the chair frame 81, like a normal chair.

In this embodiment, an indoor damping device 85 is interposed between the floor 84 of the driver's cab and the chair 80 . The floor surface portion 84 is positioned below the bottom surface portion 86 of the chair frame 81 and supports the bottom surface portion 86 from below. The indoor damping device 85 is interposed between the floor portion 84 of the cab and the bottom portion 86 of the chair frame 81 .

The structure of the indoor vibration damping device 85 itself is the same as that of the vibration damping device 30 described above. Although there is one indoor vibration damping device 85 in this embodiment, a plurality of indoor vibration damping devices 85 may be provided.

In this embodiment, even if the floor part 84 of the operator's cab vibrates due to the vibration of the cargo handling machine during cargo handling work, the vibration can be absorbed by the indoor damping device 85, so that the vibration can be suppressed from being transmitted to the chair 80 and the operator sitting thereon. Therefore, the vibration transmitted to the operator can be reduced, and the working environment for the operator can be greatly improved.

The indoor vibration damping device 85 is more effective when used together with the vibration damping device 30 arranged outside the driver's cab.

Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above, various other embodiments and modifications of the present disclosure are conceivable.

(1) For example, the jib crane of the first embodiment was a double-link type haul-in crane, but instead of this, a jib crane with a normal linear jib may be used.

(2) The unloader of the second embodiment was a continuous unloader, but instead of this, it may be a grab bucket type unloader that unloads cargo in batches.

The configurations of the above-described embodiments and modifications can be partially or wholly combined as long as there is no particular contradiction. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and include all modifications, applications, and equivalents encompassed by the concept of the present disclosure defined by the claims. Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be construed in a restrictive manner, and can be applied to any other technology that falls within the spirit of the present disclosure.

1 Cranes 20, 60 Driver's cab 20T, 60T Roof parts 20B, 60B Bottom parts 20FT, 60FT Front parts 20RR, 60RR Rear parts 20L, 60L Left side parts 21, 61 Support member 30 Vibration control device 30A Upper auxiliary vibration control device 30B Side auxiliary vibration control device 40 Unloader 73 Upper auxiliary support member 74 Side auxiliary support member 80 Chair 84 Floor 85 Indoor damping device

Claims (7)

A cargo handling machine that is a crane or unloader,
driver's cab;
a support member that supports the cab in a vertical direction;
a damping device interposed between the driver's cab and the supporting member;
A cargo handling machine comprising: The support member supports the bottom surface of the operator's cab from below,
The cargo handling machine according to claim 1, wherein the vibration damping device is interposed between the bottom portion of the operator's cab and the support member. an upper auxiliary support member that auxiliary supports the roof of the cab;
an upper auxiliary damping device interposed between the roof of the cab and the upper auxiliary support member;
The cargo handling machine according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: The support member suspends and supports the cab from above,
The cargo handling machine according to claim 1, wherein the vibration damping device is interposed between the roof portion of the operator's cab and the support member. a lower auxiliary support member that auxiliary supports the bottom surface of the operator's cab;
a lower auxiliary damping device interposed between the bottom surface of the cab and the lower auxiliary support member;
The material handling machine according to claim 4, comprising: a side auxiliary support member for auxiliaryly supporting the side of the cab;
a side auxiliary vibration damping device interposed between the side portion of the driver's cab and the side auxiliary support member;
The cargo handling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: a chair arranged inside the cab;
an indoor damping device interposed between the floor of the driver's cab and the chair;
The cargo handling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:

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