JP2023064032A - Torrefaction device, subcritical water treatment unit, and method of producing torrefaction product - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a torrefaction device, a subcritical water treatment unit and a method of producing a torrefaction product that produce a torrefaction product in which included chlorine is sufficiently decreased.

SOLUTION: One aspect of the present invention provides a torrefaction device for use with a subcritical water treatment device that produces processed products having lower molecular weights from organic wastes. The torrefaction device performs torrefaction by heat treatment of ingredients containing the processed products at a temperature equal to or higher than 300°C.

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a semi-carbonization apparatus, a subcritical water treatment unit, and a method for producing semi-carbonized material.

A waste treatment system is known that has a subcritical water treatment apparatus that obtains a treated material by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste, and a semi-carbonization apparatus that semi-carbonizes pellet raw materials containing the treated material (Patent Document 1 reference). According to the study of the present inventors, it was found that the chlorine included in the semi-carbonized pellet raw material (semi-carbonized material) cannot be sufficiently reduced at a low processing temperature of about 200° C. in the semi-carbonizing apparatus. .

Patent No. 6893673

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a semi-carbonization apparatus, a subcritical water treatment unit, and a method for producing semi-carbonized material, which are capable of obtaining semi-carbonized material with sufficiently reduced inclusion chlorine.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semi-carbonization apparatus for use with a sub-critical water treatment apparatus that obtains a treated material by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste. This semi-carbonizing apparatus semi-carbonizes a raw material including a material to be treated by heat-treating it at a temperature of 300° C. or higher.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a raw material containing a processed product obtained by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste is semi-carbonized by heat treatment at a predetermined temperature, so that semi-carbonized material with sufficiently reduced inclusion chlorine can be obtained. It has the advantageous effect of being able to

1 is a conceptual diagram partially showing an embodiment of a subcritical water treatment apparatus in cross section; FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the structure of a separator; 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a subcritical water treatment unit; FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the mass fraction of total chlorine with changes in heat treatment temperature.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Various features shown in the embodiments shown below can be combined with each other.
<Subcritical water treatment equipment>
First, an embodiment of a subcritical water treatment apparatus used together with the semi-carbonization apparatus of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram partially showing an embodiment of a subcritical water treatment apparatus in cross section. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the separator.
The subcritical water treatment apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for obtaining a treated material by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste.
Here, subcritical water treatment refers to bringing gaseous subcritical water into contact with organic waste at a high temperature below the critical temperature of water and a high pressure above the saturated vapor pressure. It is a method of reducing the molecular weight by Due to this molecular weight reduction, the organic waste is decomposed to obtain a treated material.

Examples of organic wastes include papers, cloths, clothes, plastics, leathers, wood and bamboo, straws, kitchen wastes, medical wastes, and packaged waste foods. , one or more of these.
A subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a pressure vessel 2, a stirring mechanism 3 for stirring the organic waste contained in the pressure vessel 2, and a heating mechanism 4 for heating the organic waste. In the following description, the circumferential direction means the direction around the center line, and the radial direction means the radial direction about the center line.

The pressure vessel 2 includes a container body 21, an inlet 22 for introducing organic waste into the container body 21, an outlet 23 for discharging the treated material from the container body 21, and subcritical water of the organic waste. and a liquid container 24 for containing the liquid L used for processing.
The pressure vessel 2 of this embodiment is a vertical type pressure vessel supported by a frame (not shown) such that the center line O21 of the vessel body 21 is along the vertical direction. The container body 21 has an upper container body 211 having a hemispherical (dome-shaped) upper end plate 2111 and a lower container body 212 having a hemispherical (dome-shaped) lower end plate 2121 .

A flange portion 2112 protruding radially outward is provided at the lower end portion of the upper container main body 211, and a flange portion 2122 protruding radially outward is provided at the upper end portion of the lower container main body 212. ing.
The upper container body 211 is superimposed on the lower container body 212, and the flange portions 2112 and 2122 are tightened with, for example, bolts to airtightly seal and fix them.
The upper container body 211 can also be configured as a clutch door that can be opened and closed with respect to the lower container body 212 .

The inlet 22 has a cylindrical body 221 and is connected to the upper container body 211 so as to communicate with an upper through hole 2113 formed in the upper end plate 2111 . Therefore, the center line O22 of the inlet 22 (body portion 221) is inclined with respect to the center line O21 of the container body 21, and the opening 222 on the side opposite to the upper end plate 2111 faces obliquely upward in the vertical direction. The input port 22 also has a lid portion (clutch door) 223 that hermetically seals the opening 222 of the body portion 221 .

The discharge port 23 has a cylindrical body portion 231 and is connected to the lower container body 212 so as to communicate with a lower through hole 2123 formed in the lower end plate 2121 . Therefore, the center line O23 of the discharge port 23 (body portion 231) is inclined toward the side opposite to the inlet port 22 with respect to the center line O21 of the container body 21, and the opening 232 on the side opposite to the lower end plate 2121 is It faces diagonally downward in the vertical direction. Further, the discharge port 23 has a lid portion (clutch door) 233 that hermetically seals an opening 232 of the body portion 231 .

In such a pressure vessel 2 , the organic waste can be introduced into the container body 21 through the trunk section 221 of the inlet 22 by opening the lid section 223 while the lid section 233 is closed. Thereafter, the lid portion 223 is closed, and the organic waste is subjected to subcritical water treatment within the container body 21 . By opening the cover 233 , the treated material produced by the subcritical water treatment of the organic waste can be taken out from the container body 21 through the body 231 of the discharge port 23 .
In particular, since the center line O22 of the inlet 22 and the center line O23 of the outlet 23 are each inclined with respect to the center line O21 of the container main body 21, the work of introducing the organic waste into the container main body 21 is very difficult. In addition, it is easy to discharge (take out) the processed material from the inside of the container body 21 .

The subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment further includes a heating mechanism 4 that heats the organic waste, and a liquid storage section 24 that stores the liquid L used in the subcritical water treatment of the organic waste. .
With the liquid L contained in the liquid container 24 inside the pressure vessel 2 , the pressure vessel 2 is sealed, and the heating mechanism 4 starts heating the organic waste. As a result, gaseous subcritical water is generated from the liquid L stored in the liquid storage unit 24, and the subcritical water is supplied to the inside of the container body 21 and brought into contact with the organic waste to generate organic waste. decommissioning of chemical waste will progress.
Here, the liquid L may contain water as a main component, and may contain other components. Other components include, for example, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide.

Since the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 does not include a high-pressure boiler, the size of the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 can be reduced. Therefore, the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 can be installed in a relatively narrow space. For this reason, as will be described later, if the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 is configured to be movable and placed adjacent to a convenience store in the city, it is possible to easily dispose of discarded expired daily foods (mainly lunch boxes). can be treated with subcritical water.
Moreover, since the high-pressure boiler is not attached, the operation and operation of the sub-critical water treatment apparatus 1 can be performed not only by qualified boiler engineers but also by cashiers at convenience stores. Therefore, the operability and convenience of the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 are extremely high.

In this embodiment, a part of the inner space of the discharge port 23 is configured to function as the liquid storage section 24 . With such a configuration, an increase in the number of parts of the pressure vessel 2 and complication of the configuration of the pressure vessel 2 can be prevented. Therefore, it contributes to further miniaturization of the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 .
By changing the installation position of the discharge port 23, adjusting the angle of the center line O23 of the discharge port 23 with respect to the center line O21 of the container body 21, etc., the entire internal space of the discharge port 23 can be made to function as the liquid storage portion 24. can also
Also, the liquid storage section 24 may be configured independently of the discharge port 23 . Such a configuration includes, for example, a recess formed in the inner surface of the lower end plate 2121, a container fixed to or suspended from the inner surface of the upper end plate 2111, and the like.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the heating mechanism 4 is provided so as to cover the vertically lower portion of the container body 21 (lower container body 212). According to such a configuration, not only the inner space of the container body 21 but also the inner space of the discharge port 23 can be efficiently heated, so that the vapor of the liquid L (gaseous subcritical water) can be smoothly generated. be able to. Hereinafter, "vapor of liquid L" is also described as "gaseous subcritical water".
As the heating mechanism 4, for example, an alumina heater type, an oil heater type, a light heating (infrared) type, an IH heater type, or the like can be used.
Further, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor (none of which are shown) capable of measuring the temperature and pressure of the inside of the container body 21 (gaseous subcritical water) are connected to predetermined locations of the container body 21 .

The stirring mechanism 3 includes a rotating shaft 31 arranged along the center line O21 of the container body 21, and at least one sheet (this embodiment 4), and a motor 33 for rotationally driving a rotating shaft 31 . The rotating shaft 31 is preferably a magnetic coupling type rotating shaft. The four stirring blades 32 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 31 at substantially equal intervals.
The stirring mechanism 3 further includes four fixed blades 34 fixed to the inner surface of the lower end plate 2121 . The four fixed wings 34 are arranged at approximately equal intervals along the circumferential direction with the center line O21 of the container body 21 as the center. Also, the four fixed blades 34 are arranged slightly apart from the stirring blades 32 .

According to the stirring mechanism 3 having such a configuration, the organic waste can be reliably thrown up vertically above the container body 21, and necessary and sufficient subcritical water treatment can be performed on the organic waste.
In the present embodiment, the rotational peripheral speed of the radially outer end of the stirring blade 32 is preferably set to 5 m/sec or more, more preferably 6 m/sec or more. In addition, the upper limit of the rotation peripheral speed is usually about 7 m/sec. By rotating the stirring blades 32 at such a rotation peripheral speed (rotation speed), the vapor of the liquid L (gaseous subcritical water) and the organic waste are brought into necessary and sufficient contact, and the organic waste is reduced. Molecularization can be sufficiently promoted. Moreover, the use of the high-output, expensive motor 33 can be avoided while obtaining the above effects.

Further, the required space ratio of the container body 21 under subcritical water treatment is preferably 30% or more, more preferably about 30 to 50%. In this case, while preventing the amount of organic waste that can be treated in one subcritical water treatment from becoming too small, the rotational peripheral speed of the radially outer end of the stirring blade 32 must be reliably maintained at a predetermined value. can be done. As a result, it is possible to further promote the reduction of the molecular weight of the organic waste.
Here, the "necessary space ratio of the container body 21 under subcritical water treatment" is defined as the volume of the container body 21 and the organic waste relative to the volume of the container body 21 at the start of the subcritical water treatment. (ie, the volume of the space in the container body 21 where no organic waste exists) occupied by the ratio expressed in 100%.

Note that the numbers of the stirring blades 32 and the fixed blades 34 may be different from each other. The number of the stirring blades 32 and the fixed blades 34 may be independently one, two, three, or five or more.
Moreover, the installation intervals of the plurality of stirring blades 32 and fixed blades 34 may be uneven along the circumferential direction. Furthermore, the stirring blades 32 may be arranged at a plurality of locations (multiple stages) along the axial direction (vertical direction) of the rotating shaft 31 .

Further, the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 has a separator 25 provided at the boundary between the container body 21 and the discharge port 23 . This separator 25 has the function of allowing the vapor of liquid L to pass through but blocking the passage of organic waste. According to such a configuration, it is possible to prevent or suppress mixing of the organic waste into the liquid L accommodated in the discharge port 23 (liquid storage portion 24). That is, before the subcritical water treatment, the organic waste and the liquid L can be isolated (not in contact) within the pressure vessel 2 . On the other hand, the generated vapor of the liquid L (gaseous subcritical water) can be brought into sufficient contact with the organic waste, and the reduction of the molecular weight of the organic waste can be reliably promoted.

The separating plate 25 shown in FIG. 2 has a circular shape as a whole by fixing a plurality of fan-shaped partitioning plates 251 to each other at the center so as to be able to develop. Each partition plate member 251 is formed with a plurality of through holes 2511 penetrating in its thickness direction. The liquid L is supplied to the inner space (liquid storage portion 24 ) of the outlet 23 through the through hole 2511 , and the vapor of the liquid L can move into the container body 21 through the through hole 2511 .

The volume of the container body 21 is preferably about 20 to 350 L, more preferably about 50 to 300 L, even more preferably about 100 to 300 L, and particularly preferably about 143 to 286 L. By using the container body 21 having such a volume, the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 can be sufficiently miniaturized while preventing the degree of subcritical water treatment (reduction of molecular weight) of organic waste from being extremely lowered. be able to.
Also, as will be described later, it can be housed in a container, and in this state it can be transported to a desired location.
The amount of the liquid L to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.001 to 0.1 times the volume of the container body 21, more preferably about 0.005 to 0.05 times. By using such an amount of liquid L, sufficient gaseous subcritical water can be generated to degrade the organic waste.

The temperature of the gaseous subcritical water (vapor of liquid L) is preferably about 180-230°C, more preferably about 190-220°C. Also, the pressure is preferably about 15 to 25 atmospheres, more preferably about 18 to 22 atmospheres.
The specific temperature and pressure of gaseous subcritical water are preferably about 200° C. and about 20 atmospheres.
The time for subcritical water treatment is appropriately set according to the type of organic waste, etc., and is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 to 10 hours, and about 0.5 to 5 hours. is more preferred.

This subcritical water has a dielectric constant of 15 to 45, which is equivalent to that of a low-polar solvent. Therefore, many organic substances can be dissolved. Furthermore, subcritical water has an ionic product of 1×10 ⁻¹² to 1×10 ⁻¹¹ mol ² /kg ² , and has a large ratio of separation into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. indicates
The dielectric constant of water at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is about 80, and the ionic product of water at a temperature of about 25° C. and atmospheric pressure is 1×10 ⁻¹⁴ mol ² /kg ² .

The solubilization rate of the low-molecular-weight organic waste (i.e., processed material) is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and even more preferably 85% or more. .
Here, the solubilization rate is the ratio of the soluble organic matter to the total organic matter after the subcritical water treatment, and the higher the value, the more the organic matter is reduced in molecular weight.
Specific examples of low-molecular-weight organic wastes include sugars, amino acids, higher fatty acids, etc. corresponding to carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc., which are decomposed.
Also, the subcritical water treatment in the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 is a batch treatment due to its nature, but in the present invention, it can be performed at a rate of several batches/day.

<Subcritical water treatment unit>
Next, the subcritical water treatment unit of the present invention will be explained.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a subcritical water treatment unit.
A subcritical water treatment unit 100 shown in FIG.
The mixture containing the processed material (raw material for pellets) may be semi-carbonized by a semi-carbonizing device for semi-carbonizing the raw material for pellets containing the processed material and then pelletized by a pelletizing device, or vice versa. Here, the pelletizing device is a device for obtaining pellets by pelletizing a pellet raw material or a semi-carbonized pellet raw material.

The pelletizing/semi-carbonizing device 10 may optionally include a mixing device (not shown) that mixes the processed material with the woody biomass and obtains the mixture as a raw material for pellets.
The composition of organic waste varies depending on the area and time of collection, and the calorific value of the treated material obtained by subcritical water treatment also varies. Woody biomass can be mixed with the processed material for the purpose of compensating for (adjusting) this variation in calorific value. As a result, pellets (solid fuel) that have a stable calorific value equivalent to that of coal and have a quality equivalent to the quality classification in the mass fraction of total chlorine content specified by the RPF can be produced satisfactorily in an extremely short period of time. be able to.

Woody biomass that can be used in the present invention includes end portions (so-called "offcuts") generated when raw wood (logs) felled from mountains is processed into wood (plates, pillars, etc.), , pulverized materials such as log bark, and waste paper made from wood.
The resulting pellets generate _CO2 when burned, but woody biomass is carbon-neutral because it only returns the _CO2 absorbed by the trees in the forest back into the atmosphere. Therefore, for example, the "biomass energy fuel" such as the pellets obtained in this embodiment can be said to be an ecological fuel.

The size, shape, etc. of the obtained pellets are not particularly limited as long as they can be suitably used as fuel for the intended device.
In addition, the pellets obtained by semi-carbonization have a reduced moisture content and a reduced content of volatile organic components, and are composed of high-purity charcoal. Therefore, the pellet has an increased calorific value and is excellent in durability and storage stability in a natural environment.

The semi-carbonizing device semi-carbonizes the pellet raw material containing the processed material by heat-treating it at a predetermined temperature.
The temperature of the semi-carbonization treatment (the temperature at which the pellet raw material is heat-treated) is 300° C. or higher, preferably 350° C. or higher, and more preferably 400° C. or higher. If the temperature of the semi-carbonization treatment is less than 300° C., the chlorine contained in the semi-carbide produced by the semi-carbonization of the pellet raw material cannot be sufficiently reduced.
On the other hand, if the temperature of the torrefaction treatment is further increased, it is thought that the included chlorine can be further reduced. Combustion may reduce the amount of energy components. Therefore, the upper limit of the temperature for heat treatment is usually about 700.degree.

In this embodiment, inorganic chlorine compounds (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride) are removed by subcritical water treatment of organic waste, and organic chlorine compounds can be removed by decomposition by subsequent semi-carbonization treatment. it is conceivable that. Therefore, the obtained semi-carbide can be reduced not only in chlorine contained but also in sodium and potassium.

The time for the semi-carbonization treatment (the time for heat-treating the pellet raw material) is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 to 5 hours, more preferably about 0.3 to 3 hours. , more preferably about 0.5 to 2 hours.
By performing the semi-carbonization treatment under such conditions, the pellet raw material can be reliably brought into a semi-carbonized state while further reducing the amount of included chlorine.
Here, the semi-carbonized state refers to a state in which about half of the pellet raw material is converted to carbide.

Furthermore, the semi-carbonizing atmosphere (atmosphere for heat-treating the pellet raw material) is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a low-oxygen atmosphere having a lower oxygen concentration than the air. By heat-treating the pellet raw material in such an atmosphere, semi-carbonization proceeds efficiently, and according to the study of the present inventors, the decomposition of organic chlorine compounds seems to be accelerated.
The oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is preferably about 0 to 18% by volume, more preferably about 0 to 5% by volume. In this case, the above effects can be further improved.

Examples of such a low-oxygen atmosphere include a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon gas atmosphere, a rare gas atmosphere such as a helium gas atmosphere, and a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and a nitrogen atmosphere is preferable. By heat-treating the pellet raw material in a nitrogen atmosphere, it is possible to reliably prevent the vaporization and combustion of the energy component from the semi-carbide.

The mass fraction of total chlorine in the semi-carbide is preferably 0.3% or less, more preferably 0.27% or less, and even more preferably 0.25% or less. Within this range, it is possible to satisfy the total chlorine mass fraction of A rank, which is the highest quality of RPF (Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel) stipulated by the Japan RPF Industry Association.
Therefore, even if the finally obtained pellets are burned at a combustion temperature of about 600 ° C. (specifically, 580 to 630 ° C.), hydrochloric acid is not generated, or even if it is generated, the amount is small. Deterioration can be prevented or suppressed.

For example, a strand type extruder, a hot cut type extruder, or the like can be used as the pelletizing device.
3, the subcritical water treatment unit 100 of this embodiment has a container 200 that can be transported in a state in which the subcritical water treatment device 1 and the pelletizing device/semi-carbonization device 10 are accommodated.
The container 200 is loaded on a large vehicle 300 in a state in which the subcritical water treatment device 1 and the pelletizing/semi-carbonizing device 10 are accommodated. Thereby, the subcritical water treatment unit 100 can be moved to a predetermined location according to the purpose.

The volume of the container 200 is preferably about 10-50 m ³ , more preferably about 15-40 m ³ , even more preferably about 20-30 m ³ . With such a size container 200, it is easy to secure an installation site even in an urban area.
In addition, a large sub-critical water treatment system with a high-pressure boiler can only be accommodated in a container, and other equipment including pelletizing equipment and semi-carbonization equipment must be accommodated in a different container. , it is necessary to secure an extremely large space for installing the sub-critical water treatment unit. Therefore, such subcritical water treatment units are difficult to install in urban areas.

Next, the method for producing a semi-carbide according to the present invention will be described.
This semi-carbonized material production method includes a first step of obtaining a treated material by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste by subcritical water treatment; and a second step of semi-carbonizing by heat treatment to obtain a semi-carbide.
The conditions and the like in the first step and the second step are the same as described above.

The semi-carbonized material production method of the present invention comprises, when the organic waste contains an inorganic chlorine compound, further comprising, prior to the first step, a step of pulverizing the organic waste to obtain a pulverized product; and removing at least a portion of the inorganic chlorine compound by contacting with water.
Examples of inorganic chlorine compounds include stable chlorine compounds contained in seasonings such as salt, soy sauce, and sauces.

The average particle size of the pulverized product is preferably about 15 mm or less, more preferably about 10 mm or less, and even more preferably about 6 mm or less. By bringing the finely pulverized product into contact with water, the inorganic chlorine compound can be dissolved in water and removed. In addition, the lower limit of the average particle size of the pulverized material is usually about 1 mm.
Examples of the method of bringing the pulverized material into contact with water include a method of immersing the pulverized material in water, a method of spraying water on the pulverized material, and the like.

In the semi-carbonized material production method of the present invention, when the organic waste contains inorganic chlorine compounds, prior to the first step, the organic waste contains more inorganic chlorine compounds than the organic waste. It is also preferred to have a step of mixing in small amounts of other organic waste.
In this case, the amount of inorganic chlorine compounds contained in the entire organic waste can be reduced (diluted). For this reason, the amount of chlorine, sodium, potassium, etc. can be reduced in the finally obtained semi-carbonized material. As a result, the semi-carbide (pellet) has a higher quality as a fuel.

In the semi-carbonized material production method of the present invention, when the organic waste contains an inorganic chlorine compound, a step of decomposing the inorganic chlorine compound into chlorine gas and removing it between the first step and the second step. It is also preferred to have
In this case, for example, the treated material after the subcritical water treatment is taken out in a form close to liquid without drying, and treated using an electrolytic method (ion exchange membrane method) or the like, so that chlorine can be removed satisfactorily. can be done.
It should be noted that whether or not the additional steps as described above are adopted, or if adopted, which steps (one or more) are adopted, taking into consideration the manufacturing cost according to the properties and characteristics of the processed product. is judged.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, by setting the peripheral speed of rotation of the radially outer end of the stirring blade, a subcritical water treatment apparatus is provided that can sufficiently progress the reduction of molecular weight of organic waste. can do.
In addition, by providing a liquid storage part 24 for storing the liquid L used for subcritical water treatment of organic waste inside the pressure vessel 2, a relatively small subcritical water treatment apparatus that does not require a high-pressure boiler. can be provided. In this case, since a high-pressure boiler is not required, the subcritical water treatment equipment is highly safe and easy to operate. Therefore, the subcritical water treatment apparatus can be installed anywhere, for example, in a target location such as an urban area.

The pressure vessel 2 can also be a horizontal type pressure vessel supported by a frame so that the center line O21 of the vessel body 21 extends in the horizontal direction (a direction substantially orthogonal to the vertical direction).
In addition, you may attach a high-pressure boiler to a subcritical water treatment apparatus. In this case, by increasing the size of the pressure vessel, it is possible to greatly increase the processing amount of the organic waste by the subcritical water treatment. The volume of the container body provided in such a large-sized pressure vessel is preferably about 0.5 to 7 m ³ , more preferably about 1 to 5 m ³ .
Also, in this case, the heating mechanism 4 may be omitted.

Furthermore, the sub-critical water treatment unit 100 may omit the semi-carbonization device depending on the purpose, or has a water treatment device/deodorization device in place of the semi-carbonization device or in combination with the semi-carbonization device. You may have
Here, the water treatment equipment is equipment for water treatment of the gas discharged from the subcritical water treatment equipment 1, and the treatment method is selected according to the purpose and standards of the water treatment. This water treatment device can be composed of, for example, a device that performs pressurized flotation treatment. Also, the deodorizing device is a device for deodorizing the gas discharged from the subcritical water treatment device 1, and can be composed of, for example, an adsorption filter device or the like.

The gas discharged from the subcritical water treatment apparatus 1 may be subjected to water treatment by the water treatment apparatus and then deodorized by the deodorization treatment apparatus, or vice versa.
The subcritical water treatment unit 100 may include the subcritical water treatment device 1, the semi-carbonization device, and at least one of the pelletization device, water treatment device, and deodorization device. In this case, the container 200 accommodates the subcritical water treatment device 1 and at least one of the semi-carbonization device, pelletization device, water treatment device and deodorization device.
Therefore, the plurality of devices that constitute the subcritical water treatment unit 100 may be housed in one container 200 according to the volume (size) of the container 200, or may be housed in a plurality of containers 200. You may make it In the latter case, the volumes of the multiple containers 200 may be the same or different.

Furthermore, it may be provided in each aspect described below.
The semi-carbonizing apparatus, wherein the raw material is heat-treated for 0.1 to 5 hours.
In the semi-carbonizing apparatus, the atmosphere for heat-treating the raw material is a low-oxygen atmosphere having a lower oxygen concentration than air.
The semi-carbonizing apparatus, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is 0 to 18% by volume.
The semi-carbonizing apparatus, wherein the low-oxygen atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere.
A sub-critical water treatment unit, comprising: a sub-critical water treatment device for reducing the molecular weight of organic waste to obtain a treated material; and the semi-carbonization device.
A method for producing a semi-carbonized material, comprising a first step of subjecting organic waste to subcritical water treatment to reduce the molecular weight to obtain a treated material, and heat-treating the raw material containing the treated material at a temperature of 300° C. or higher. and a second step of semi-carburizing to obtain said semi-carbide.
In the semi-carbonized material production method, when the organic waste contains an inorganic chlorine compound, a step of pulverizing the organic waste to obtain a pulverized product prior to the first step; and removing at least part of the inorganic chlorine compound by bringing the pulverized material into contact with water.
In the semi-carbonized material production method, when the organic waste contains inorganic chlorine compounds, prior to the first step, the organic waste contains more inorganic chlorine compounds than the organic waste. A method for producing a semi-charred product comprising the step of mixing a minor amount of other organic waste.
In the semi-carbonized material production method, when the organic waste contains an inorganic chlorine compound, the inorganic chlorine compound is further decomposed into chlorine gas and removed between the first step and the second step. A method for producing a semi-carbide, comprising the step of:
Of course, this is not the only case.

It can also be provided in each aspect described below.
In the subcritical water treatment unit, the subcritical water treatment device includes a pressure vessel, a stirring mechanism for stirring the organic waste contained in the pressure vessel, and a heating mechanism for heating the organic waste. The pressure vessel has a container body, an inlet for charging the organic waste into the container body, an outlet for discharging the treated material from the container body, and the organic waste and a liquid storage part for storing the liquid used for the subcritical water treatment of the above, and the organic waste can be stored in the container body in a state of being isolated from the liquid stored in the liquid storage part. Subcritical water treatment unit.
The sub-critical water treatment unit, wherein at least part of the inner space of the outlet functions as the liquid storage section.
In the subcritical water treatment unit, the center line of the container body extends along the vertical direction, and the stirring mechanism includes a rotating shaft arranged along the center line of the container body and a rotating shaft extending in the vertical direction of the rotating shaft. A subcritical water treatment unit, comprising at least one stirring blade provided at the lower end and extending radially outward.
The sub-critical water treatment unit, wherein the rotation peripheral speed of the radially outer end of the stirring blade is set to 5 m/sec or more.
In the subcritical water treatment unit, the volume of the container body is 20 to 350L.
The subcritical water treatment unit further includes a pelletizing device for pelletizing the raw material or the semi-carbonized raw material to obtain pellets, a water treatment device for water-treating the gas discharged from the subcritical water treatment device, and A subcritical water treatment unit having at least one deodorizing device for deodorizing gas discharged from the subcritical water treatment device.
In the sub-critical water treatment unit, the sub-critical water treatment device and at least one of the semi-carbonization device, the pelletization device, the water treatment device and the deodorization device are accommodated. A subcritical water treatment unit having a transportable container.
The sub-critical water treatment unit, wherein the container has a volume of 10 to 50 m ³ .

Finally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, these have been presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The novel embodiment can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The embodiment and its modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
1. Semi-carbide production (Example 1)
First, a subcritical water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was prepared. Incidentally, the capacity of the container main body was 286L.
Next, 15 L of tap water (liquid for generating subcritical water) was supplied to the inner space of the outlet of the pressure vessel.
Next, after starting the stirrer at a low speed, 200 kg of shredder waste (cut paper) was put into the main body of the container through the inlet. After that, the inlet was closed and heating was started by the heating mechanism. Heating was carried out by first heating the tap water in the liquid storage section and then setting the temperature of the subcritical water to be generated to 220° C. and the pressure to 25 atm, and performed the subcritical water treatment for 2 hours. Further, the rotating peripheral speed of the radially outer end of the stirring blade was set to 5 m/sec, and the stirring blade was rotated.
Next, the material to be processed (raw material for pellets) was put into a semi-carbonization apparatus and heat-treated (semi-carbonization) at 300° C. for 0.5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 0% by volume. A semi-carbide was thus obtained.

(Example 2)
A semi-carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heat treatment temperature was changed to 350°C.
(Comparative example 1)
A semi-carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heat treatment temperature was changed to 250°C.
(Comparative example 2)
A semi-carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heat treatment temperature was changed to 200°C.
(Comparative Example 3)
A semi-carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heat treatment temperature was changed to 150°C.

2. Measurement of the amount of included chlorine JIS Z 7311: 2010 "Waste-derived paper, plastic, etc. solidified fuel (RPF) for the treated material (pellet raw material) and the semi-carbonized material obtained in each example and each comparative example ”, the mass fraction of the total chlorine content was measured. The mass fraction of all chlorine in the treated material (raw material for pellets) was 0.55%.

Further, FIG. 4 shows the mass fraction of the total chlorine content of the semi-carbides obtained in each example and each comparative example. That is, FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the mass fraction of total chlorine with changes in heat treatment temperature.
As shown in FIG. 4, it was found that the mass fraction of the total chlorine content decreased to the RPF A rank at a heat treatment temperature of 300°C, and could be further decreased at 350°C.

1: subcritical water treatment device 2: pressure vessel 21: container main body 211: upper container main body 2111: upper end plate 2112: flange portion 2113: upper through hole 212: lower container main body 2121: lower end plate 2122: flange portion 2123: lower part Through hole 22 : Input port 221 : Body 222 : Opening 223 : Lid 23 : Discharge port 231 : Body 232 : Opening 233 : Lid 24 : Liquid storage 25 : Separator 251 : Partition plate material 2511 : Through hole 3 : Stirring mechanism 31 : Rotating shaft 32 : Stirring blade 33 : Motor 34 : Fixed blade 4 : Heating mechanism 10 : Pelletizer/semi-carbonization device 100 : Subcritical water treatment unit 200 : Container 300 : Large vehicle L : Liquid O21 : Center line O22: Center line O23: Center line

Claims (10)

A semi-carbonization device for use with a sub-critical water treatment device for obtaining a treated product by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste,
A semi-carbonizing apparatus for semi-carbonizing a raw material containing the treated material by heat-treating it at a temperature of 300° C. or higher. The torrefaction apparatus of claim 1, wherein
The semi-carbonization apparatus, wherein the raw material is heat-treated for 0.1 to 5 hours. In the torrefaction apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The semi-carbonization apparatus, wherein the atmosphere for heat-treating the raw material is a low-oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of the atmosphere. A torrefaction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
The semi-carbonization apparatus, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is 0 to 18% by volume. In the torrefaction apparatus according to claim 3 or claim 4,
The semi-carbonization apparatus, wherein the low-oxygen atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere. A subcritical water treatment unit,
a subcritical water treatment apparatus for obtaining a treated material by reducing the molecular weight of organic waste;
A subcritical water treatment unit comprising the semi-carbonization device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A semi-carbide manufacturing method comprising:
a first step in which organic waste is treated with subcritical water to reduce the molecular weight of the organic waste to obtain a treated product;
and a second step of semi-carbonizing the raw material containing the treated material at a temperature of 300° C. or higher to obtain the semi-carbide. A semi-carbide production method according to claim 7,
When the organic waste contains inorganic chlorine compounds,
Furthermore, prior to the first step,
obtaining pulverized materials by pulverizing the organic waste;
and removing at least part of the inorganic chlorine compound by contacting the pulverized material with water. In the semi-carbide production method according to claim 7 or claim 8,
When the organic waste contains inorganic chlorine compounds,
Furthermore, prior to the first step,
A method for producing semi-carbonized material, comprising a step of mixing the organic waste with other organic waste containing less inorganic chlorine compounds than the organic waste. In the method for producing a semi-carbide according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
When the organic waste contains inorganic chlorine compounds,
Furthermore, between the first step and the second step,
A method for producing a semi-carbide, comprising a step of decomposing the inorganic chlorine compound into chlorine gas to remove it.

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