JP2023055682A - Mosquito attractant and mosquito attraction method - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は蚊類誘引剤及び蚊類誘引方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a mosquito attractant and a method for attracting mosquitoes.
刺咬、吸血行動によって人体に被害を及ぼす蚊、ダニ等から身体を守るため、また病気を媒介するゴキブリやハエ等から衛生上の損害を防ぐため、殺虫エアゾール剤や加熱蒸散剤などが開発され、予防や駆除を目的に広く用いられている。 Insecticide aerosol agents and heat transpiration agents have been developed to protect the body from mosquitoes, ticks, etc., which cause damage to the human body by biting and sucking blood, and to prevent sanitary damage from cockroaches, flies, etc. that carry diseases. are widely used for prevention and extermination purposes.
一方、屋内等で殺虫剤の使用を控えたいとの要求もあり、そのような場合、誘引捕獲器が使用されることがある。このような誘引捕獲器では対象害虫に応じて様々な誘引剤が検討されており、そのなかにアルデヒド類がある。
例えば、特許文献１には、直鎖脂肪酸アルデヒドを誘引成分とて含有したダニ誘引剤が開示されている。
また特許文献２には、総炭素数５～１２の脂肪族アルデヒドを含有する腹足類の誘引剤が開示されている。
On the other hand, there is also a demand to refrain from using insecticides indoors, etc., and in such cases, lure traps are sometimes used. Various attractants have been studied for such lure traps according to target pests, and aldehydes are among them.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a mite attractant containing a linear fatty acid aldehyde as an attractant component.
Patent document 2 discloses an attractant for gastropods containing an aliphatic aldehyde having 5 to 12 carbon atoms in total.
誘引成分と害虫とは指向性があり、ある害虫に対して誘引効果があっても他の害虫にも同様の効果を発揮するかはわからない。そのため、例えば、蚊類を誘引することを目的とする際、誘引成分として適したものを用いることが重要であるが、これまで十分な誘引効果を発揮するものを見出すには至っていない。
そこで本発明は、蚊類に対して高い誘引性を示す蚊類誘引剤、及び蚊類誘引方法を提供することを目的とする。
Attractive components and pests have directivity, and it is not known whether an attracting effect on a certain pest will have the same effect on other pests. Therefore, for example, when the purpose is to attract mosquitoes, it is important to use a suitable attractant component, but so far no one has been found that exhibits a sufficient attractant effect.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a mosquito attractant that exhibits high attraction to mosquitoes, and a method for attracting mosquitoes.
本発明者は鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定のアルデヒド類を複数種組み合わせることにより、蚊類に対して優れた誘引効果を発揮することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of extensive studies, the present inventors have found that a combination of a plurality of specific aldehydes exhibits an excellent attracting effect on mosquitoes, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち本発明は、以下の（１）、（２）を特徴とする。
（１）ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールから選ばれる２種以上を有効成分として含有する、蚊類誘引剤。
（２）ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールから選ばれる２種以上を有効成分として風を利用して揮散させて用いる、蚊類誘引方法。
That is, the present invention is characterized by the following (1) and (2).
(1) A mosquito attractant containing two or more selected from heptanal, octanal and nonanal as active ingredients.
(2) A method for attracting mosquitoes, wherein two or more selected from heptanal, octanal and nonanal are used as active ingredients, which are volatilized by wind.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤及び蚊類誘引方法は、特定のアルデヒド類を複数種組み合わせることで、蚊類に対して優れた誘引効果を発揮できるため、蚊類の捕獲を効率的に行うことができる。
また、本発明の蚊類誘引剤及び蚊類誘引方法は、特定のアルデヒド類を複数種組み合わせることで、蚊類に対して探り針行動を惹起し、誘引された蚊類がその場に留まる時間が長くなるため、蚊類の捕獲効果を高めることができる。
The mosquito attractant and mosquito attracting method of the present invention can exhibit an excellent attracting effect on mosquitoes by combining multiple types of specific aldehydes, so that mosquitoes can be efficiently captured. can.
In addition, the mosquito attractant and the method for attracting mosquitoes of the present invention combine a plurality of specific aldehydes to induce probing behavior in mosquitoes, and the time during which the attracted mosquitoes stay in place. is longer, the trapping effect of mosquitoes can be enhanced.
以下、本発明の蚊類誘引剤および蚊類誘引方法について詳細に説明する。 The mosquito attractant and method for attracting mosquitoes of the present invention are described in detail below.
（蚊類誘引剤）
本発明の蚊類誘引剤は、ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールから選ばれる２種以上（以下、本発明の特定成分ともいう）を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする。
(mosquito attractant)
The mosquito attractant of the present invention is characterized by containing two or more selected from heptanal, octanal and nonanal (hereinafter also referred to as specific ingredients of the present invention) as active ingredients.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤は、アルデヒドの中でも特にヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールという特定のアルデヒドを用い、かつそれらを単独ではなく２種以上併用することで、害虫の中でも特に蚊類に対し、優れた誘引効果を発揮することを見出したことに基づくものである。
また、本発明の蚊類誘引剤は、本発明の特定成分が、蚊類の吸血行動の１つである探り針行動（吸血場所を定め針を刺す行動）を惹起することを見出したことに基づくものである。
本発明の蚊類誘引剤により上記効果が得られるのは、蚊類が本発明の特定成分の揮散が認められる場所を吸血源ではないかと探索しているためであると推測される。
The mosquito attractant of the present invention uses specific aldehydes, especially heptanal, octanal and nonanal, among aldehydes, and by using two or more of them in combination rather than singly, it is excellent against insects, especially mosquitoes. This is based on the fact that it has been found to exhibit an inducing effect.
In addition, it has been found that the mosquito attractant of the present invention has a specific component of the present invention that induces probe behavior (the behavior of determining a blood-sucking site and sticking a needle), which is one of the blood-sucking behaviors of mosquitoes. It is based on
It is presumed that the reason why the mosquito attractant of the present invention provides the above effects is that mosquitoes search places where volatilization of the specific component of the present invention is observed as a blood sucking source.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤中、本発明の特定成分は、蚊類を誘引できる有効量が含有されていればよく、蚊類誘引剤が本発明の特定成分のみからなるもの（１００質量％）であってもよい。また、本発明の特定成分は溶媒中に含まれていてもよく、その含有量は特に限定されないが、例えば、蚊類誘引剤は、本発明の特定成分を０．００１質量％以上、好ましくは０．０１質量％以上、より好ましくは０．１質量％以上含有することができる。 In the mosquito attractant of the present invention, the specific component of the present invention only needs to be contained in an effective amount capable of attracting mosquitoes, and the mosquito attractant consists only of the specific component of the present invention (100% by mass). may be Further, the specific component of the present invention may be contained in a solvent, and its content is not particularly limited. It can be contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤がヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールの中の２種を有効成分として含有する場合、それらの含有比率は特に限定されないが、一方の成分が他方の成分よりも極端に含有比率が小さい場合、２種を併用する効果が十分発揮されないおそれがあるため、質量比で３：７～７：３、好ましくは４：６～６：４の範囲内であることがよい。
具体的には、本発明の蚊類誘引剤がヘプタナールとオクタナールとを含有する場合、それらの含有比率は、質量比で３：７～７：３、好ましくは４：６～６：４の範囲内であることがよい。
また、本発明の蚊類誘引剤がヘプタナールとノナナールとを含有する場合、それらの含有比率は、質量比で３：７～７：３、好ましくは４：６～６：４の範囲内であることがよい。
また、本発明の蚊類誘引剤がオクタナールとノナナールとを含有する場合、それらの含有比率は、質量比で３：７～７：３、好ましくは４：６～６：４の範囲内であることがよい。
When the mosquito attractant of the present invention contains two of heptanal, octanal and nonanal as active ingredients, the content ratio thereof is not particularly limited, but the content ratio of one component is extremely higher than that of the other component. If it is too small, the effect of using the two in combination may not be sufficiently exhibited.
Specifically, when the mosquito attractant of the present invention contains heptanal and octanal, their content ratio is in the range of 3:7 to 7:3, preferably 4:6 to 6:4 in mass ratio. should be within
In addition, when the mosquito attractant of the present invention contains heptanal and nonanal, their content ratio is in the range of 3:7 to 7:3, preferably 4:6 to 6:4 in mass ratio. It's good.
When the mosquito attractant of the present invention contains octanal and nonanal, their content ratio is in the range of 3:7 to 7:3, preferably 4:6 to 6:4 in mass ratio. It's good.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤が、ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールの全てを有効成分として含有する場合、それらの含有比率は特に限定されないが、ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールの合計量に対するヘプタナールの含有比率が５０質量％を超えないことが好ましく、４０質量％を超えないことがより好ましい。 When the mosquito attractant of the present invention contains all of heptanal, octanal and nonanal as active ingredients, the content ratio thereof is not particularly limited, but the content ratio of heptanal to the total amount of heptanal, octanal and nonanal is 50 mass. %, more preferably not exceeding 40% by mass.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤には、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において、既知の他の誘引成分、殺虫成分、抗菌成分、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、保持剤、滑沢剤、溶媒等の添加剤を含有することができる。 The mosquito attractant of the present invention contains other known attracting ingredients, insecticidal ingredients, antibacterial ingredients, colorants, ultraviolet absorbers, retention agents, lubricants, solvents, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Additives can be included.
他の誘引成分としては、例えば、ブランデー、ウイスキー、ラム酒、ウォッカ、焼酎、日本酒等の酒類；黒酢、赤酢、食酢、リンゴ酢、米酢等の醸造酢；蜂蜜、液糖、メープルシロップ等の糖類；乳酸飲料、ヨーグルト、チーズ等の乳酸製品；果汁；果実調の香料等が挙げられる。 Other attractants include alcoholic beverages such as brandy, whiskey, rum, vodka, shochu, and Japanese sake; brewed vinegar such as black vinegar, red vinegar, table vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and rice vinegar; honey, liquid sugar, and maple syrup. lactic acid beverages, yogurt, cheese and other lactic acid products; fruit juices; fruity flavors and the like.
殺虫成分としては、例えば、ジクロルボス、フェニトロチオン、ＩＢＴＡ、ＩＢＴＥ、トランスフルトリン、メトフルトリン、プロフルトリン、エンペントリン、プロポクスル、フェノブカルブ、アミドフルメト、ジノテフラン、フィプロニル、ヒドラメチルノン、カルバリル、ホウ酸等が挙げられる。 Examples of insecticidal components include dichlorvos, fenitrothion, IBTA, IBTE, transfluthrin, metofruthrin, profluthrin, empentrin, propoxur, fenocarb, amidoflumet, dinotefuran, fipronil, hydramethylnon, carbaryl, boric acid, and the like.
抗菌成分としては、例えば、二酸化塩素、ヨウ素、チモール、イソプロピルメチルフェノール、ホルムアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、エタノール、プロピルアルコール、フェノール、クレゾール、フェノキシエタノール、塩化セチルピリジニウム、パラベン等が挙げられる。 Antibacterial ingredients include, for example, chlorine dioxide, iodine, thymol, isopropylmethylphenol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, propyl alcohol, phenol, cresol, phenoxyethanol, cetylpyridinium chloride, and parabens.
着色剤としては、例えば、青色１号、黄色４号等が挙げられる。 Examples of coloring agents include Blue No. 1 and Yellow No. 4.
紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、トリスレゾルシノールトリアジン系化合物等が挙げられる。 Examples of UV absorbers include triresorcinol triazine compounds.
溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール，エタノール，プロパノール等の低級アルコール、流動パラフィン等の炭化水素系溶剤、蒸留水，水道水，脱イオン水等の水等が挙げられる。 Examples of the solvent include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, hydrocarbon solvents such as liquid paraffin, and water such as distilled water, tap water and deionized water.
本発明の蚊類誘引剤の剤形は使用形態に合わせて選択することができ、液状、ペースト状、固体状（ゼリー状、粉状、粒状等）、揮散紙や多孔質体等の含浸体に含浸させた状態等を挙げることができる。
具体的に、液状の蚊類誘引剤をそのまま用いたり、液状の蚊類誘引剤とゲル化剤を混合させてペースト状や固体状としたり、吸水性ポリマーに液状の蚊類誘引剤を含浸させたり、液状の蚊類誘引剤を無機物担体に担持させることにより、固体状の蚊類誘引剤を得たりできる。
The dosage form of the mosquito attractant of the present invention can be selected according to the form of use. A state in which it is impregnated can be mentioned.
Specifically, the liquid mosquito attractant is used as it is, the liquid mosquito attractant and the gelling agent are mixed to make a paste or solid, or the water-absorbing polymer is impregnated with the liquid mosquito attractant. Alternatively, a solid mosquito attractant can be obtained by supporting a liquid mosquito attractant on an inorganic carrier.
（蚊類誘引方法）
本発明の蚊類誘引方法は、ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールから選ばれる２種以上を有効成分として風を利用して揮散させて用いることを特徴とする。
具体的には、容器に充填したり、繊維質の担体に含浸させたりした上述の蚊類誘引剤に対し、ポンプや送風ファン等から発生させた風を利用することにより、上記有効成分を揮散させる。上記風の流速としては、特に制限されないが、例えば１０～３０ｍＬ／秒であってよい。
(Mosquito attraction method)
The method for attracting mosquitoes of the present invention is characterized in that two or more selected from heptanal, octanal and nonanal are volatilized by wind as active ingredients.
Specifically, the above-mentioned mosquito attractant filled in a container or impregnated in a fibrous carrier is volatilized by using wind generated by a pump or a blower fan. Let The flow velocity of the wind is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 to 30 mL/sec.
また、本発明の蚊類誘引方法は、捕獲器等の捕獲手段を備えてもよい。この場合、蚊類誘引剤により誘引された蚊類は、捕獲器等の捕獲手段により捕獲される。
捕獲器としては従来公知のものを使用することができ、粘着シートを備えたもの、風の引力で蚊を吸い込み捕獲する吸引ファンを用いた捕獲器等が挙げられる。
Moreover, the method for attracting mosquitoes of the present invention may comprise trapping means such as a trap. In this case, the mosquitoes attracted by the mosquito attractant are captured by capturing means such as a trap.
Conventionally known traps can be used, including those provided with an adhesive sheet, traps using a suction fan that draws in and traps mosquitoes by wind attraction, and the like.
（蚊類用毒餌剤）
本発明の蚊類誘引剤は、蚊類の殺虫成分と共に用いて蚊類用毒餌剤として使用してもよい。すなわち、本発明の蚊類用毒餌剤は、上記蚊類誘引剤と、蚊類の殺虫成分及び蚊類の喫食成分とを含む。
(Poison bait for mosquitoes)
The mosquito attractant of the present invention may be used as a mosquito bait along with a mosquito insecticidal component. That is, the poison bait for mosquitoes of the present invention contains the above mosquito attractant, a mosquito-killing component, and a mosquito-eating component.
蚊類毒餌剤中、本発明の蚊類誘引剤は、蚊類を誘引できる有効量が含有されていればよく、その含有量は特に限定されず、適宜調整できる。 In the mosquito poison bait, the mosquito attractant of the present invention only needs to be contained in an effective amount capable of attracting mosquitoes, and the content is not particularly limited and can be adjusted as appropriate.
蚊類の殺虫成分としては、上記した殺虫成分が挙げられる。中でも、蚊類誘引剤の誘引性を阻害しないという観点からジノテフランやフィプロニル、ホウ酸などを使用することが好ましい。 The insecticidal component for mosquitoes includes the insecticidal components described above. Among them, it is preferable to use dinotefuran, fipronil, boric acid, etc. from the viewpoint of not inhibiting the attraction of the mosquito attractant.
蚊類用毒餌剤の形状は、特に限定されないが、液状、ペースト状、固体状（ゲル状、粒状、粉状）等が挙げられる。 The shape of the poison bait for mosquitoes is not particularly limited, but liquid, paste, solid (gel, granule, powder) and the like can be mentioned.
本発明において誘引対象となる蚊類としては、例えば、ヒトスジシマカ，ネッタイシマカ等のシマカ、アカイエカ，ネッタイイエカ，コダカアカイエカ，チカイエカ等のイエカ、ハマダラカ等が挙げられるが、これらの例示の蚊類に限定されるものではない。 Examples of mosquitoes to be attracted in the present invention include Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and other striped mosquitoes, Culex pipiens, Culex aegypti, Culex pipiens, and Culex pipiens, and Anopheles mosquitoes, but are limited to these exemplified mosquitoes. not a thing
以下、具体的な試験例に基づき本発明を更に説明するが、本発明は下記例に何ら制限されるものではない。 The present invention will be further described below based on specific test examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
炭素数６～１０の飽和アルデヒドの組成をもとに、各アルデヒドの組成比と蚊に対する誘引性および探り針行動惹起との関係性を確認した。
なお、炭素数と各飽和アルデヒドの関係は以下のとおりである。
・炭素数６：ヘキサナール
・炭素数７：ヘプタナール
・炭素数８：オクタナール
・炭素数９：ノナナール
・炭素数１０：デカナール
Based on the composition of saturated aldehydes with 6 to 10 carbon atoms, the relationship between the composition ratio of each aldehyde and the attractiveness to mosquitoes and probing behavior was confirmed.
The relationship between the number of carbon atoms and each saturated aldehyde is as follows.
・6 carbons: hexanal ・7 carbons: heptanal ・8 carbons: octanal ・9 carbons: nonanal ・10 carbons: decanal
（試験方法）
１．供試虫として、羽化後１６～１９日のヒトスジシマカ雌成虫（吸血意欲の高い供試虫を選別）を用いた。試験時の温湿度は２４．７℃～２７．５℃／３２～７１％ＲＨの範囲内であった。
２．飼育ケージの側面に手をあてて吸血意欲を示す供試虫を吸虫管で６００頭選別し、ステンレス製の試験ケージ５（２５ｃｍ立方（２５ｃｍ×２５ｃｍ×２５ｃｍ）、１６メッシュ）内に入れて馴化させた。
３．炭素数６～１０の直鎖アルデヒドの混合溶液が、アセトン１ｍＬあたり下記表１の組成となるように、アルデヒドのアセトン溶液を調製した。
４．アルデヒドのアセトン溶液１ｍＬを直径９ｃｍのろ紙に処理し、アセトンを乾燥させた。また、アセトンのみを処理したものを対照とした。
５．アルデヒドを処理したろ紙３を丸くまるめて１Ｌ容量のメディウム瓶２（ガラス製ねじ口瓶、口内径：φ３０ｍｍ、胴径×全高（φｍｍ×ｍｍ）：１０１×２３０）に瓶内面に密着しないように入れ、メディウム瓶２中に発生する気相を、ポンプ１（流速：２０ｍＬ／秒）で瓶中にエアーを送り、エアストーン４（円形状、直径：１０．８ｃｍ、厚み：１．９ｃｍ）を介して、試験ケージ５（暗条件）内の供試虫に供試した（図１参照）。なお、暗条件とは、開閉可能な観察窓を上方に設けた段ボール箱で試験ゲージ５を覆うことを意味する。
６．エアストーン４を介して気相を供試虫に供試開始から３０秒毎に１０分後まで、エアストーン４上に飛来する供試虫数を、段ボール箱上方の観察窓を開けて観察し、１０分後までの累計の飛来数を算出した。また、探り針行動を行った供試虫数も算出した。試験は繰り返し３回行い、平均の結果を算出した。
(Test method)
1. As test insects, adult female Aedes albopictus 16 to 19 days after emergence (selected test insects with high blood-sucking motivation) were used. The temperature and humidity during the test were within the range of 24.7° C. to 27.5° C./32 to 71% RH.
2. With a fluke tube, 600 test insects showing a willingness to suck blood were selected by placing a hand on the side of the breeding cage, and placed in a stainless steel test cage 5 (25 cm cube (25 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm), 16 mesh) for acclimatization. let me
3. An acetone solution of aldehydes was prepared so that a mixed solution of linear aldehydes having 6 to 10 carbon atoms had the composition shown in Table 1 below per 1 mL of acetone.
4. A filter paper with a diameter of 9 cm was treated with 1 mL of an acetone solution of aldehyde, and the acetone was dried. In addition, a sample treated with only acetone was used as a control.
5. Aldehyde-treated
6. The gas phase was passed through the
結果を表１に示す。 Table 1 shows the results.
表１に示したように、ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールから選ばれる２種以上を有効成分として含有する実施例１～１０は、これらのうち一種しか含有しない比較例１～５や、これらを全く含有しない比較例６に比べて累計飛来数が多く、また、蚊の探り針行動を強く示すことが分かった。
これらの結果より、ヘプタナール、オクタナール及びノナナールから選ばれる２種以上を有効成分として含有する実施例１～１０は、蚊類に対し優れた誘引性を発揮でき、さらに、蚊類の探り針行動を惹起し、誘引された蚊類がその場に留まる時間が長くなるため、捕獲効果を高められることがわかった。
As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 to 10 containing two or more selected from heptanal, octanal and nonanal as active ingredients, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 containing only one of these, and containing none of these Compared to Comparative Example 6, which did not use the mosquitoes, the cumulative number of flying insects was large, and it was found that the probing behavior of mosquitoes was strongly exhibited.
From these results, Examples 1 to 10 containing two or more selected from heptanal, octanal and nonanal as active ingredients can exhibit excellent attractability to mosquitoes, and further suppress the probe behavior of mosquitoes. It was found that the trapping effect can be enhanced because the mosquitoes that are induced and attracted stay on the spot for a longer period of time.
１ ポンプ
２ メディウム瓶
３ ろ紙
４ エアストーン
５ 試験ケージ
1 pump 2
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