JP2022551038A - 水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001991 steam methane reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
a)水素は合成ガス(水素とCOの含有量が変化するガス)から生成され、吸収強化水性ガスシフト(SE-WGS)は、以下の反応によって例示される。
CaO+CO+H2+H2O=CaCO3+2H2
CaO+CH4+2H2O=CaCO3+4H2
CaO+CO+H2+CH4+H2O=CaCO3+H2
CaCO3=CaO+CO2
Claims (13)
- 圧縮機(22)、燃焼器(24)、タービン(26)及び燃料供給装置(10)を主要部とする水素燃料ガスタービン発電システムであって、
前記タービン(26)は、電気エネルギーの形態で発電するための補助手段への接続に適合しており、
前記燃料供給装置(10)は、i)メタンの吸収強化水蒸気メタン改質(SE-SMR)をサポートすることができる反応器、及びii)合成ガスの吸収強化水性ガスシフト(SE-WGS)をサポートすることができる反応器、又はこれら2つの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの反応器(12)を有する水素ガス生成反応器システムの形態を有しており、
前記反応器(12)は、前記反応器(12)と再生器(14)との間でCO2吸収剤を循環させて再生する前記再生器(14)に閉ループで接続されており、
前記水素ガス生成反応器システム(10)の前記再生器(14)と、水素燃料ガスタービン(20)の前記燃焼器(24)の下流側端部及び前記水素燃料ガスタービンのタービン(26)の上流側端部の少なくとも一方との間に、閉じた熱交換ループ(21)が存在することにより、前記再生器(14)内の温度を上昇させると共に、前記水素燃料ガスタービン(20)の前記タービン(26)の上流側端部の温度を低下させることを特徴とする、
水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。 - 前記反応器(12)が、メタンリッチ供給源から、合成ガス供給源から、又はメタンリッチ供給源と合成ガス供給源との組み合わせから、ガスフローを受け取るように適合された入口導管を有する、請求項1に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。
- 前記反応器(12)が、蒸気の供給源を受け入れるように適合された入口導管を有する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。
- 前記熱交換システム(21)のための熱交換媒体が、少なくとも1500℃までの温度を取り扱うことができる熱交換媒体の中から選択される、請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。
- 前記タービンから高温の排出ガスを受け取り、内部で生成された蒸気を蒸気タービン(32)に供給して追加的に発電するように構成された蒸気発生器(30)をさらに備える、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。
- 前記水素ガス生成反応器システム(10)の前記再生器(14)と、前記水素燃料ガスタービン(20)の前記燃焼器(24)の下流側端部及び前記水素燃料ガスタービンの前記タービン(26)の上流側端部の少なくとも一方との間の前記閉じた熱交換ループ(21)が、
前記燃焼器(24)の下流側端部及び前記タービンの上流側端部と実質的に同じ直径を有する中空リングの形状を有し、前記燃焼器(24)と前記タービン(26)との間に接続され、かつ前記燃焼器(24)と前記タービン(26)とを橋渡しするように配置された要素(28、28’、28”)を備える、請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。 - 中空リング状の前記要素(28、28’及び28”)は、交換可能である、請求項6に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。
- 中空リング状の前記要素(28、28’及び28”)は、共通の直径で異なる幅の一連のリングとして設けられる、請求項6に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。
- 前記水素ガス生成反応器システム(10)の前記再生器(14)と、前記水素燃料ガスタービン(20)の前記燃焼器(24)の下流側端部及び前記水素燃料ガスタービンの前記タービン(26)の上流側端部の少なくとも一方との間の前記閉じた熱交換ループ(21)が、
前記タービン(26)に入る前に前記燃焼器(24)からの排出ガスを冷却するように配置された専用の熱交換器(78)を備える、請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の水素燃料ガスタービン発電システム。 - 水素燃料ガスタービン発電プラントで発電するための方法であって、
メタンリッチガス及び合成ガスもしくはそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるガスを、i)メタンの吸収強化水蒸気メタン改質(SE-SMR)をサポートすることができる反応器、及びii)合成ガスの吸収強化水性ガスシフト(SE-WGS)をサポートすることができる反応器からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの反応器を備える水素ガス生成反応器システムに、供給することと、
SE-SMR及びSE-WGSからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの反応によって供給された前記ガスを水素に変換し、天然又は合成のCaO含有CO2吸収剤によって前記反応器内でCO2を回収することと、
少なくとも850℃の温度で純粋なCO2を放出する再生ステップを介してCO2吸収剤を再利用することと、
前記水素燃料ガス生成反応器システム内で生成された水素ガスを、圧縮空気と共にガスタービンの燃焼器に供給し、この組み合わされた燃料混合物を用いてタービンに動力供給することと、
を含み、
前記燃焼器と前記CO2吸収剤の前記再生ステップとの間で熱交換を行うことにより、前記CO2吸収剤の前記再生ステップにおける最低温度レベルを保証することを特徴とする、
方法。 - 前記熱交換は、前記再生ステップにおいて少なくとも872℃の温度を保証する方法で制御される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 反応器12で発生した熱(11)が、外部目的のためのエネルギー源として使用される、請求項10又は請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記熱(11)は、固体炭素質材料のガス化に使用される、請求項12に記載の方法。
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