JP2022547603A - Advanced large-scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser - Google Patents

Abstract

A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser comprising multiple heat exchanger panels that are independently loaded and supported on the frame of the heat exchanger section. A lower bonnet extends along the length of the lower portion of each heat exchanger panel for supplying steam to the lower ends of the condenser tubes within the heat exchanger panel and for receiving condensate formed within the same tubes. is doing. The upper part of the tube is connected to the upper bonnet. Uncondensed vapors and uncondensed liquids are drawn from the condenser tubes into the upper bonnet. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the frame of the heat exchanger section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel and below the center of the heat exchanger panel, with a single steam at the center of each lower bonnet. Steam is supplied to each heat exchanger panel through an inlet.

Description

The present invention relates to large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condensers.

A typical large field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser consists of one A-frame per fan with a heat exchanger bundle placed in the A-frame above the large fan. . Each tube bundle typically contains 35-45 vertically oriented flattened finned tubes, each tube approximately 11 m long by 200 mm high, with semi-circular leading and trailing edges. part, with an outer width of 18-22 mm. Each A-frame typically contains 5-7 tube bundles per side.

Also, the typical A-frame ACC described above consists of a first stage or "primary" condenser bundle (sometimes referred to as Kondensor's K-tube bundle) and a second stage or "secondary" condenser bundle (sometimes referred to as Dephlegmator's D-tube bundle) and both. About 80% to 90% of the heat exchangers are first stage or primary condensers. Steam enters at the top of the primary condenser and condensate and some steam exit at the bottom. In the first stage, steam and condensate travel below the heat exchanger bundles. This process is commonly referred to as a co-current condensation stage. The first stage configuration is thermally efficient, but has no means of removing non-condensable gases. 10% to 20% of the heat exchanger bundles are configured as second stage or secondary condensers, typically interspersed between the primary condensers, to sweep the non-condensable gases out of the first stage tube bundle; Vapor is taken in from the lower condensate manifold. In this arrangement, steam and non-condensable gases are drawn through the first stage condenser and to the bottom of the secondary condenser. As the gas mixture rises through the secondary condenser, the remaining vapor is condensed, the non-condensable gas is concentrated at the top, and the condensate is discharged at the bottom. This process is commonly referred to as a countercurrent condensation stage. The top of the secondary condenser is attached to a vacuum manifold that removes non-condensable gases from the system.

Variations to standard prior art ACC arrangements are disclosed, for example, in US Patent Application No. 2015/0204611 and US Patent Application No. 2015/0330709. These applications show the same finned tubes, but dramatically shortened and arranged in a series of small A-frames, typically 5-6 A-frames per fan. One of the reasons is to reduce pressure loss on the steam side. Steam-side pressure loss has a smaller impact on overall capacity in summer, but has a greater impact in winter. Another reason is to have the upper steam manifold duct welded to each tube bundle at the factory before shipping, thus avoiding expensive welding operations on site. Thus, by installing the steam manifold at the factory and shipping it with the tube bundle, the tube length for housing the manifold in the container can be shortened.

Additional variations to prior art ACC arrangements are disclosed, for example, in US Patent Application Nos. 2017/0363357 and 2017/0363358. These applications disclose novel tube constructions for use in ACCs with cross-sectional heights of 10 mm or less. U.S. Patent Application No. 2017/0363357 also discloses a novel heat exchanger bundle having a primary condenser bundle arranged horizontally along the longitudinal axis of the bundle and a secondary bundle arranged parallel to the transverse axis. An ACC arrangement is disclosed. US Patent Application No. 2017/0363358 discloses an ACC arrangement in which all tube bundles are secondary bundles.

The invention presented herein is a new and improved design for large-scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condensers for power plants and the like, offering significant improvements and advantages over prior art ACCs. It is something to do.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger panel is configured such that an integral secondary condenser section located in the center of the heat exchanger panel is sandwiched between the primary condenser sections. . The primary condenser sections may or may not be identical to each other. A lower bonnet extends along the length of the lower portion of the heat exchanger panel and is connected to the lower side of the lower tube sheet for delivering steam to the lower ends of the primary condenser tubes. In this arrangement, the first stage condensation takes place in countercurrent operation. The upper part of the tube is connected to the upper tube seat, which is connected on its upper side to the upper bonnet. Uncondensed vapor and uncondensed liquid flow from the primary condenser tubes into the top bonnet, flow toward the center of the heat exchanger panel, and enter the top of the secondary condenser section tubes. In this arrangement, the second stage condensation takes place in cocurrent operation. Non-condensate and condensate flows from the bottom of the secondary tube into the secondary chamber in the lower bonnet. Non-condensate and condensate are withdrawn from the secondary chamber of the lower bonnet via outlet nozzles and the condensate is directed to merge with water collected from the primary condenser section.

According to an alternative embodiment, the heat exchanger panel is a single stage condenser heat exchanger in which all tubes of the heat exchanger panel receive steam from the lower bonnet and deliver condensate and non-condensate is withdrawn through the upper bonnet. Configured as an exchanger panel. More specifically, the lower bonnet extends along the lower length of the heat exchanger panel and connects to the underside of the lower tube sheet as in the multi-stage embodiment, but in the single-stage implementation. In configuration, the lower bonnet channels steam to the lower ends of all the tubes of the heat exchanger panel. As with the multistage embodiment, the tops of all tubes are connected to the top tube sheet, which is connected on its upper side to the top bonnet. Uncondensed vapors and uncondensed liquids flow from all tubes in the heat exchanger panels into the top bonnet and are drawn away from the top bonnet for further processing. Condensate flows from the bottom of all tubes into the lower bonnet and into the vapor distribution manifold.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, each heat exchanger panel may be independently loaded and supported on the heat exchanger section skeleton. According to one embodiment, adjacent panels are slanted with respect to vertical in opposite directions in an arrangement similar to an A-frame or V-frame type arrangement, although there is preferably no relationship or interaction between adjacent panels. may According to another embodiment, each heat exchanger panel may be oriented vertically and provided with an optional air deflection or seal disposed diagonally between each adjacent panel. According to a further embodiment, all heat exchanger panels may be slanted obliquely to the vertical, all in the same direction. According to yet another embodiment, all heat exchanger panels on one side of the heat exchanger section may be slanted in one direction with respect to the vertical, and all heat exchanger panels on the other side of the heat exchanger section The heat exchanger panels may be slanted in the opposite direction to the vertical.

According to some embodiments of the invention, each cell or module of the ACC has a plenum section module in which a single large fan creates airflow across all heat exchanger panels within the same module.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the plenum section module may comprise a plurality of longitudinal fan deck plates arranged in the fan deck framework. Each fan deck plate includes multiple fans. According to various aspects of this embodiment, the fan deck plate may be aligned such that its longitudinal axis is parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of heat exchanger panels within modules of the same ACC.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the lower steam distribution manifold extends in-line under a plurality of ACC cells/modules, the heat exchanger panels of each ACC cell or module dedicated to its steam. preferably from below the heat exchanger section support skeleton, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panels and below the center of each heat exchanger panel. Equipped with a large horizontal cylinder with both ends closed that is suspended from the An upper steam distribution manifold supplies steam to the lower bonnet of each heat exchanger panel at one point in the center of each heat exchanger panel.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the frames of the heat exchange modules and the heat exchanger panels of each cell are pre-assembled on the ground. The frame of the heat exchange module is then supported in an assembly jig of sufficient height to suspend the upper steam distribution manifold from the underside of the frame of the heat exchange module. Separately, a plenum section with corresponding heat exchange module fan decks and fan sets is also assembled on the ground. Sequentially or simultaneously, corresponding heat exchange module substructures may be assembled in their final locations. The heat exchange module with the suspended upper steam distribution manifold is then lifted in its entirety and placed over the substructure, after which the completed plenum section subassembly is likewise lifted and placed. good too.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, multiple upper steam distribution manifolds for multiple cells are combined into a single assembled steam manifold suspended from multiple condenser modules and extending the length thereof. be done. According to this embodiment, the lower steam manifold and shaft are eliminated and the assembled steam manifold is fed steam directly from the turbine exhaust duct which itself is assembled at the assembled steam manifold level. A prefabricated steam manifold supplies steam to the lower bonnet at one point in the center of each heat exchanger panel.

This novel ACC design may be used with tubes having prior art cross-sectional configurations and areas (eg, 200 mm x 18-22 mm). This novel ACC design may also be used in tubes having the designs described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 2017/0363357 and 2017/0363358 (200mm x 10mm or less), these disclosures is incorporated herein in its entirety.

According to a further alternative embodiment, the novel ACC design of the present invention may be used with 100mm x 5mm to 7mm tubes with offset fins.

According to further embodiments, the novel ACC design of the present invention may be used with a 200mm x 5mm-7mm tube or a 200mm x 17-20mm tube. The tube preferably has "arrowhead" type fins arranged at 5-12 fins/inch (fpi), preferably 9-12 fpi, most preferably 9.8 fins/inch.

According to a further embodiment, the novel ACC design of the present invention may be used with a 120 mm by 5 mm to 7 mm tube having "arrowhead" type fins arranged at 9.8 fins/inch. According to yet another embodiment, the novel ACC design of the present invention is used with a 140 mm by 5 mm to 7 mm tube having "arrowhead" type fins arranged at 9.8 fins per inch. may The 120mm and 140mm configurations do not provide exactly the same increase in capacity as the 200mm configuration, but both reduce material and weight compared to the 200mm design.

For disclosure of the construction of the arrowhead fins described above, the disclosure of US patent application Ser. No. 15/425,454, filed Feb. 6, 2017, is incorporated herein in its entirety.

According to yet another embodiment, the novel ACC design of the present invention may be used in tubes having "louvered" fins that function much like offset fins and are more available and easier to manufacture. .

The description of fin types and dimensions herein is not intended to limit the invention. The tubes of the invention described herein may be used with any type of fin without departing from the scope of the invention.

Accordingly, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a large scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser connected to an industrial steam production facility comprising single or multiple condenser streets, each condenser street comprising: A row of condenser modules, each condenser module comprising a plenum section having a single fan or multiple fans drawing air through a plurality of heat exchanger panels supported in the heat exchanger section; The exchanger panel has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, and each heat exchanger panel is connected to and in fluid communication with the plurality of tubes at the upper ends of each tube. an upper bonnet and a lower bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with the lower ends of at least a subset of said tubes, the lower bonnet having a single steam inlet and each condenser street comprising a plurality of heat exchanger panels; suspended from the heat exchanger section and disposed along an axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the plurality of heat exchanger panels and below the plurality of heat exchanger panels in the middle of the condenser street; a steam distribution manifold extending the length of the steam distribution manifold, the steam distribution manifold comprising a cylinder having a first end and a second end, the cylinder having a first end distal from the first end; A large scale field-assembled air-cooled type closed at two ends and provided with a plurality of connections on its upper surface, each of the plurality of connections configured to be connected to a corresponding single steam inlet. An industrial steam condenser is provided.

According to one embodiment of the invention, each heat exchanger panel further comprises a first stage condenser in which all tubes within the heat exchanger panel receive steam from the lower ends of the tubes. A prefabricated air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the top bonnet is further configured to receive non-condensable gases and optionally non-condensable steam from the condenser tubes, and does not supply steam to said tubes. A prefabricated air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

Further according to an embodiment of the invention, each heat exchanger panel is connected to the secondary condenser section, the primary condenser section and the upper end of each tube of the secondary condenser section and the primary condenser section. a primary lower bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with the lower ends of the tubes of the primary condenser section; and a lower bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with the lower ends of the tubes of the secondary condenser section. A large field assembly air cooled industrial steam comprising an internal secondary chamber in the bonnet and a secondary lower bonnet connected to the upper side of the primary lower bonnet, each primary lower bonnet having a single stem inlet. A condenser is provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser, wherein each heat exchanger panel comprises two primary condenser sections adjacent to said secondary condenser section. provided.

Further in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a large scale field-assembled air-cooled secondary condenser section is further located centrally along said heat exchanger panel and flanked on both ends by primary condenser sections. A type industrial steam condenser is provided.

There is further provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention a large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser wherein the cylinders of the steam distribution manifold are attached at a first end to a turbine exhaust duct. .

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the steam distribution manifold further comprises a large field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser closed at both ends and having a single connection to the steam shaft at the bottom. provided.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided that each heat exchanger panel is independently suspended from the frame of the heat exchanger section by a plurality of flexible suspension supports. A prefabricated air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction. be done.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are vertically oriented. be done.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, furthermore, all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented at the same angle to the vertical and in the same direction. A type industrial steam condenser is provided.

Further in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, all heat exchanger panels on one side of the single heat exchanger section are slanted in one direction with respect to the vertical and the single heat exchanger section A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser is provided in which all heat exchanger panels on the other side are slanted in opposite directions to the vertical.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the plenum section is further provided with a single fan mounted on the skeleton of the fan deck and drawing air across all the heat exchanger panels of the heat exchanger section. A prefabricated air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plenum section further comprises a plurality of fan deck plates mounted on the fan deck skeleton, each fan deck plate comprising a plurality of fans. An air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

Further in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser in which each fan draws air across no more than two heat exchanger panels.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each flexible suspension support further comprises a central rod connected at both ends to connecting sleeves, and a second end of each flexible suspension support. A large site where one connecting sleeve is connected to the frame of the heat exchanger section and a second connecting sleeve of each flexible suspended support is connected to the tube sheet of the heat exchanger panel. A prefabricated air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

Further according to an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of tubes of the heat exchanger panel is a large-scale tube having a length of 2.0 m to 2.8 m, a cross-sectional height of 120 mm, and a cross-sectional width of 4 to 10 mm. A field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

According to an embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser, wherein the plurality of tubes has a cross-sectional width of 5.2-7 mm.

Further according to one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a large scale field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser wherein the plurality of tubes has a cross-sectional width of 6.0 mm.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the tubes in the heat exchanger panel further have fins attached to the flat sides of the tubes, the fins having a height of 9-10 mm. , large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condensers spaced at 5 to 12 fins per inch are provided.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the tubes in the heat exchanger panel further have fins attached to the flat sides of the tubes, the fins extending 18 mm across the space between adjacent tubes. A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser is provided having a height of ˜20 mm in contact with adjacent tubes and spaced between 5 and 12 fins per inch.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the further step of above-ground assembly of the heat exchanger section comprising the frame of the heat exchanger section and the heat exchanger panel; supporting the heat exchanger section at a suspended height above the ground; assembling the plenum section with the fan deck and fan assembly on the ground; lifting the assembled heat exchanger section and steam distribution manifold section; mounting the adjacent steam distribution manifold sections together; and lifting the assembled plenum section and placing it over the heat exchanger section. A method for assembling a scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser is provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a large scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser optionally connected to an industrial steam production facility, comprising single or multiple condenser streets, Each condenser street comprises a row of condenser modules, each condenser module having a single fan or multiple fans that draw air through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in the heat exchanger section. section, each heat exchanger panel having a longitudinal axis and a cross axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, each heat exchanger panel having a plurality of condenser tubes and a an upper bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with the upper end and a lower bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with the lower end of each condenser tube, each lower bonnet having a single vapor inlet; The streets are suspended from and directly adjacent the lower sides of the heat exchanger sections at intermediate portions of the heat exchanger panels and are perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the plurality of heat exchanger panels. A single steam distribution manifold arranged along an axis and extending the length of the condenser street, the steam distribution manifold having a first end attached to the turbine exhaust duct and a first end A large field assembly industry comprising a cylinder closed at a second end distal from a portion thereof, the cylinder comprising a plurality of connections on an upper surface thereof configured to be connected to an inlet of a lower bonnet. A steam condenser is provided.

1 is a perspective view of a heat exchange section of a conventional large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser. FIG. FIG. 2 is a partial exploded close-up view of the heat exchange section of a conventional large scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser showing the orientation of the tubes relative to the steam distribution manifold; 1 is a side view of a two-stage heat exchanger panel according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. Figure 4 is a top view of the heat exchanger panel shown in Figure 3; Figure 4 is a bottom view of the heat exchanger panel shown in Figure 3; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger panel shown in Figure 3 along line CC; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line DD of the heat exchanger panel shown in Figure 3; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger panel shown in Figure 3 along line EE; FIG. 4 is a side view of a two-stage heat exchanger panel and upper steam distribution manifold in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view along line AA of FIG. 9; 10A is an alternative embodiment to that shown in FIG. 10A. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a lower bonnet of the type shown in FIG. 9 having a flat shield according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a lower bonnet of the type shown in FIG. 9 having curved shields according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a side view of a large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to an embodiment of the present invention with a novel steam supply and distribution configuration; FIG. 13B is a plan view of the large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser shown in FIG. 13A. FIG. Figure 13C is an enlarged side view of one cell of the large scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser shown in Figures 13A and 13B; Figure 15 is a further enlarged side view of one cell of the large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser shown in Figures 13A, 13B and 14; FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the upper steam distribution manifold with optional condenser tubes (in the case of a two-stage condenser panel) from the secondary lower bonnet and its connection to the heat exchanger panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. . FIG. 16 is a further enlarged side view of one cell of the large field assembly air-cooled industrial steam condenser shown in FIGS. 13-15 and is an end view of two pairs of heat exchanger panels; FIG. Fig. 3 is a set of design drawings showing a hanger rod according to an embodiment of the invention in a cold position; Figure 18B is a set of drawings showing the hanger rod of Figure 18A in a hot position; Fig. 3 is a set of design drawings showing a hanger rod according to a different embodiment of the invention in a cold position; Figure 19B is a set of drawings showing the hanger rod of Figure 19A in a hot position; FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of a single pre-assembled condenser module with a suspended upper vapor distribution manifold; FIG. 11 is a bottom perspective view of a single pre-assembled condenser module with a suspended upper vapor distribution manifold; 20B is a top perspective view of a fan deck and fan (plenum) subassembly for a single cell corresponding to the condenser module shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B; FIG. 20B is a bottom perspective view of the fan deck and fan (plenum) subassembly for a single cell corresponding to the condenser module shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B; FIG. 20B is a perspective view of a tower frame for a single cell corresponding to the condenser modules shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B; FIG. Figure 23 shows the placement of the pre-assembled condenser modules of Figures 20A and 20B lifted onto the tower frame of Figure 22; 21A and 21B installed on the tower frame and condenser module of FIG. 23; FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view of a large field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention having an assembled steam distribution manifold directly connected to a turbine steam duct; FIG. 4 is a side view of a large field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to a second alternate embodiment of the present invention having an assembled steam distribution manifold directly connected to a turbine steam duct; 27 is an end view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 26; FIG. FIG. 4 is an elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention in which all heat exchanger panels in a heat exchange module are oriented vertically and air deflection seals are located between each adjacent pair of panels; be. FIG. 4B is an elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention in which all the heat exchanger panels on one side of the heat exchange module are slanted in one direction with respect to the vertical and on the other side of the heat exchange module FIG. 4 shows all heat exchanger panels slanted with respect to the vertical in opposite directions; FIG. 4 is a view of a fan deck plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention wherein each plenum section module supports multiple fan deck plates and each fan deck plate supports multiple fans; FIG. 2 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention wherein a fan deck comprises a plurality of fan deck plates supported on a fan deck structure above heat exchange modules, each fan deck plate comprising a plurality of fans; 2 are arranged with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel; FIG. FIG. 4 is a view of another embodiment of the invention, wherein the fan deck comprises multiple fan deck plates supported on the fan deck structure above the heat exchange modules, each fan deck plate comprising multiple fans; FIG. 4 shows a plurality of fan deck plates arranged with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel; [0012] Figures 4A and 4B illustrate examples of types of fans that can be used in the fan deck plate of embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a single stage heat exchanger panel and upper steam distribution manifold in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a plan view of a large field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention having an assembled steam distribution manifold connected via end shafts to an above ground turbine exhaust duct; FIG. 36 is an elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 35 taken along section AA; FIG. 36 is an elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 35 taken along section BB;

Features in the accompanying drawings are labeled with the following reference numerals.
2 heat exchanger panel 12 upper bonnet 4 primary condenser section 14 lower tube sheet 6 secondary condenser section 15 lifting/support angle 7 tubes 16 lower bonnet 8 condenser bundle 18 stem inlet/condensate outlet 10 upper tube sheet 20 shielding Plate 21 Perforations 50 Hanger 22 Corrugated edge 54 Hanger rod 24 Secondary lower bonnet 56 Hanger sleeve 26 Nozzle (for secondary lower bonnet) 58 Hanger fixing disc or knob 27 ACC condenser module (cell) 60 Hanger recess 28 Upper steam manifold 62 Substructure module 29 Y nozzle 64 Plenum section module 30 Vertical pipe (LSM to USM) 66 Assembled steam distribution manifold 31 Turbine exhaust duct 68 Assembled turbine exhaust duct 32 Lower steam distribution manifold 70 Air deflection seal 34 ACC cell streets /cell row 72 fan deck plate 36 frame (of heat exchanger section) 74 small fan 37 heat exchange module 76 ground turbine exhaust duct 40 deflector shield 78 end shaft (GLTED to ESDM)
42 condensate pipe

Referring to FIGS. 3-8, the heat exchanger panel 2 according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises two primary condensers adjacent to an integrated centrally located secondary condenser section 6. It has section 4. Each heat exchanger panel 2 comprises a plurality of different condenser bundles 8, forming a secondary condenser section 6 in which a first subset of the condenser bundles 8 are centrally located, the different condenser bundles 8 A second subset constitutes the adjacent primary condenser section 4 . The dimensions and construction of the tubes 7 of the primary and secondary condenser sections are preferably identical. All the tubes 7 of both the primary condenser section 4 and the secondary condenser section 6 are connected at their upper part to the upper tube sheet 10 . Above the upper tube sheet 10 is a hollow upper bonnet 12 that runs the length of the upper portion of the heat exchanger panel 2 . The lower part of all tubes 7 of primary condenser section 4 and secondary condenser section 6 are connected to lower tube sheet 14 . A lower tube seat 14 forms the upper portion of a lower bonnet 16 . A lower bonnet 16 likewise extends the length of the heat exchanger panel 2 . The lower bonnet 16 is in direct fluid communication with the tubes 7 of the primary condenser section 4 but not with the tubes of the secondary condenser section 6 . The lower bonnet 16 has a single steam inlet/condensation at the center of its length which receives all steam for the heat exchanger panels 2 and serves as an outlet for condensate collected from the primary condenser section 4. A liquid outlet 18 is provided. The lower part of the lower bonnet 16 is directed from both ends of the lower bonnet 16 toward the steam inlet/condensate outlet 18 in the central portion of the heat exchanger panel 2 at an angle of 1° to 5° to the horizontal, preferably about 3°. It is preferably downwardly slanted at an angle of 100 degrees. According to a preferred embodiment, referring to FIGS. 9-12, the lower bonnet 16 may include a shield plate 20 for separating condensate flow from vapor flow. The shield plate 20 is provided with perforations 21 and/or perforations 21 to allow condensate falling on the shield plate 20 to enter the space below the shield plate and flow under the shield towards the inlet/outlet 18 . It may have scalloped edges 22 or may have other openings or configurations. When viewed from the end of the lower bonnet 16, the shield plate 20 is angled at a substantially horizontal angle (between 12 ). The shielding plate 20 may be flat as shown in FIG. 11 or curved as shown in FIG.

The upper tube sheet 10 and lower tube sheet 14 may be fitted with lifting/support angles 15 for lifting and/or supporting the heat exchanger 2 .

An internal secondary chamber or secondary lower bonnet 24 is mounted inside the lower bonnet 16 in direct fluid communication only with the tubes 7 of the secondary condenser section 6 and extends the length of the secondary condenser section 6 . but preferably installed so that it does not exceed it. This secondary lower bonnet 24 is fitted with nozzles 26 for withdrawing non-condensate and condensate.

34, there is no secondary condenser section or secondary lower bonnet, and the lower bonnet 16 is directly connected to all the tubes in the heat exchanger panel 2. in fluid communication. According to this embodiment, the lower bonnet 16 extends along the lower length of the heat exchanger panel 2 connected to the underside of the lower tube sheet 14 . A lower bonnet 16 supplies steam to the lower ends of all tubes of the condenser bundles 8 within the heat exchanger panel 2 . The upper ends of all tubes are connected to the upper tube sheet 10 . The upper tube sheet 10 is connected to an upper bonnet 12 at its upper side. Uncondensed vapors and uncondensed liquids flow from all tubes 7 in the heat exchanger panel 2 into the top bonnet 12 and are drawn off the top bonnet 12 for further processing. Condensate flows out from the bottom of all tubes 7 into the lower bonnet 16 and into the vapor distribution manifold.

The steam inlet/condensate outlet 18 for the heat exchanger panel 2 and the steam inlet/condensate outlet 18 for all heat exchanger panels in the same ACC cell/module 27 are located below the heat exchanger panel 2. and is connected to a large cylinder or upper steam distribution manifold 28 extending vertically in the middle of the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel 2 . See, eg, FIGS. 13-15, 20A, and 20B. An upper vapor distribution manifold 28 extends across the width of the cell/module 27 and is closed at both ends. The upper steam distribution manifold 28 is connected at its lower central portion to a single shaft 30 which is connected at its lower portion to a lower steam distribution manifold 32 . The upper steam distribution manifold 28 has steam inlets/inlets under each of a pair of adjacent heat exchanger panels 2 at positions where the top surface of the upper steam distribution manifold 28 passes below the center of each heat exchanger panel 2 . A Y-shaped nozzle 29 is mounted which is connected to the condensate outlet 18 .

According to this construction, each ACC cell 27 receives steam from a single shaft 30 . A single shaft 30 supplies steam to a single upper steam distribution manifold 28 suspended beneath the center of each heat exchanger panel 2 . An upper steam distribution manifold 28 supplies steam to each heat exchanger panel 2 within a cell 27 via a single steam inlet/condensate outlet 18 .

Steam from the industrial process thus travels along the turbine exhaust duct 31 at or near the ground, or at any height suitable for the layout of the site. The exhaust duct 31 branches into a plurality of sub-ducts (lower vapor distribution manifolds 32), one for each street (column of cells) 34 of the ACC as it approaches the ACC of the present invention. Each lower vapor distribution manifold 32 extends below each cell's street 34 and up a single shaft 30 at the center of each cell 27 . For example, see Figures 13A and 13B. A single shaft 30 connects to the lower portion of the upper vapor distribution manifold 28 suspended from the frame 36 of the condenser module 37 (Figs. 13-15). An upper steam distribution manifold 28 supplies steam to each adjacent pair of bonnet inlet/outlets 18 of the heat exchanger panel 2 via a plurality of Y-shaped nozzles 29 (FIGS. 15-17). The vapor travels along the lower bonnet 16 and rises in the tubes 7 of the primary condenser section 4 and condenses as the air passes through the finned tubes 7 of the primary condenser section 4 . The condensate travels back to the steam through the same tubes 7 of the primary condenser section 4 and collects in the lower bonnet 16 and finally through the upper steam distribution manifold 28, the lower steam distribution manifold 32 and the turbine exhaust duct 31. It is discharged to a condensate collection tank (not shown). According to a preferred embodiment, the connection between the lower bonnet 16 and the upper steam distribution manifold 28 may be fitted with a deflector shield 40 for separating drain/falling condensate from incoming steam. good.

Uncondensed vapor and non-condensed liquid are collected in the upper bonnet 12 and drawn to the central portion of the heat exchanger panel 2, moving through the tubes 7 of the secondary condenser section 6 in co-current with the condensate that forms there. . Non-condensate is drawn into a secondary lower bonnet 24 located inside the lower bonnet 16 and discharged through an outlet nozzle 26 . Additional condensate formed in secondary condenser section 6 collects on secondary lower bonnet 24 and also travels through outlet nozzle 26 before traveling through condensate line 42 to upper steam distribution manifold 28 and into the primary Combines with water collected from condenser section 4.

According to another feature of the invention, the heat exchanger panel 2 is attached to the condenser module 37 by a plurality of flexible hangers 50 that allow the heat exchanger panel 2 to expand and contract based on thermal load and weather. Suspended from frame 36 . FIG. 17 shows how the hanger 50 is connected to the frame 36 of the condenser module 37 . Figures 18A, 18B, 19A and 19B show details of two embodiments of hangers. According to embodiments, the hanger 50 is configured to allow the heat exchanger panel 2 to expand and contract while supporting its weight. Four hangers 50 are used for each heat exchanger panel 2 . According to one embodiment, the hanger 50 consists of a rod 54 having sleeves 56 at both ends. A sleeve 56 is mounted on the rod 54 and is restrained from dislodging from each end by a fixed disc or knob 58 at each end of the rod 54 . This fixed disc or knob 58 is mounted in a correspondingly shaped recess 60 on the inner surface of each sleeve, which recess does not extend to the end of the sleeve. One end of the hanger 50 is connected to the frame 36 of the condenser module 37 and the other end of the hanger 50 is attached to a lifting/supporting angle 15 or other attachment point on the upper tube sheet 10 or lower tube sheet 14. . The sleeve 56 is preferably adjustable so that the correct hanger length can be set during construction. Once set, the movement of the heat exchanger panel 2 corresponds to the upper and lower ball joints of the hanger 50 and the angular displacement of the hanger 50 .

A plurality of heat exchanger panels 2 may be independently loaded and supported by the frame 36 of the heat exchange module. A plurality of heat exchanger panels 2 may be supported on the frame 36 of the heat exchange module according to any of a variety of configurations. Figures 13-17 and 23-27 show that the heat exchanger panels 2 are independently supported on the frame 36 of the heat exchange module with the adjacent heat exchanger panels 2 slanted in opposite directions to the vertical. It shows a state where the FIG. 28 shows that each heat exchanger panel 2 is independently supported within a heat exchange module with each heat exchanger panel oriented vertically and the optional air deflection seal 70 is one heat exchanger panel 2 shows an alternative embodiment arranged at an angle between the lower part of the heat exchanger panel 2 and the upper part of the adjacent heat exchanger panel 2. FIG. FIG. 29 shows that each heat exchanger panel 2 on one side of the heat exchange module is slanted in one direction with respect to the vertical and each heat exchanger panel 2 on the other side of the heat exchange module is inclined with respect to the vertical. A further alternative embodiment is shown, slanted in opposite directions, with optional air deflection seals 70 arranged vertically between each adjacent pair of heat exchanger panels 2 .

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 25-27, the air-cooled condenser of the invention replaces the plurality of upper steam distribution manifolds 28, lower steam distribution manifolds 32, and shafts 30 with an assembly. A plurality of assembled steam distribution manifolds 66 may be provided that are directly connected to a single turbine exhaust duct 68 . Each assembled vapor distribution manifold extends the length and feeds the heat exchanger panels of a plurality of heat exchange modules along streets/rows 34 of condenser cells 27 . The assembled steam distribution manifold 66 may be suspended from the frame of the heat exchange module in the same manner that the upper steam distribution manifold 28 is suspended from the frame of the heat exchange module. Similarly, an assembled steam distribution manifold 66 extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel and through a plurality of Y-shaped nozzles at the center of the heat exchanger panel at the center of the heat exchanger panel. are connected to each adjacent pair of bonnet inlet/outlets. According to this embodiment, the lower steam distribution manifold 32 and the shaft 30 are eliminated and the assembled steam manifold is fed directly from the turbine exhaust duct which itself is assembled at the assembled steam manifold level. be.

According to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 35-37, multiple prefabricated steam distribution manifolds 66 may be connected to an above ground turbine exhaust duct 76 via end shafts 78 .

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ACC of the invention is constructed in a modular fashion. According to various embodiments, the substructure 62, condenser module 37, and plenum section 64 may be assembled separately and simultaneously above ground. According to one embodiment, the frame of the heat exchange module is elevated on a bar-fabricated substructure high enough to allow the upper steam distribution manifold 28 to hang from the underside of the heat exchange module frame. good too. The heat exchanger panels 2 are then lowered, preferably at or just above the ground, into the frames 36 of the condenser modules 37 and attached to the upper steam distribution manifolds 28 (see Figures 20A and 20B). Once completed, the assembled condenser module 37 with upper vapor distribution manifold 28 attached is lifted and placed on the corresponding completed substructure 62 (FIGS. 22 and 23).

A plenum section 64 of each ACC module 27 comprising a plenum section frame, a fan deck supported by the plenum section frame, a fan, and a fan shroud is illustrated in, for example, FIGS. , 21B, and 24-29, may be assembled on the ground with a single large fan. The plenum section 64 of each ACC module 27 is also assembled (on the ground) with a plurality of elongated fan deck plates 72 each supporting a plurality of small fans 74 in-line, as shown in FIGS. may be Each fan deck plate 72 is preferably sized to fit in a standard shipping container. Accordingly, the fan 74 may be factory mounted to the fan deck plate 72 and shipped to the final assembly site. An example of fan 74 is shown in FIG. According to various embodiments, the fan motor may be NEMA standard or electronically commutated. According to preferred aspects of the multiple fan deck plate embodiment, each fan draws air across two or more heat exchanger panels, fan replacement is greatly simplified, and losses in one or more fans are significant to performance. makes no difference.

The completed corresponding plenum section 64 (FIGS. 21A and 21B or FIGS. 31 and 32) is lifted to rest on the condenser module 37 (FIG. 24). Also, the plenum section skeleton (without any fans or fan deck plates present) may be elevated above the condenser module 37 and the fan deck plate 72 may be positioned so that the plenum section skeleton is above the condenser module 37 . After resting, it may be lifted onto the skeleton of the plenum section 64 . Although the assembly described herein is described as occurring in the same plane, assembly of the various modules may be performed in their final position if the planning and construction scheme permits. .

Every feature and alternative embodiment herein can work in conjunction with and be used in combination with every other feature and embodiment described herein, except for embodiments in which it is not compatible. is intended and contemplated. That is, the arrangement of each heat exchange module described herein (e.g., single stage, multi-stage), the arrangement of each heat exchanger panel described herein (e.g., all vertical, all slanted in one direction, each alternately sloped), each tube type and each fin type described herein, each steam manifold arrangement described herein, and each fan arrangement (single fan, multiple fans) They are intended for use in various ACC assemblies in any combination of compatible embodiments, and the inventors have for the purposes of illustration the embodiments reflected in the specification and drawings. is not intended to be limited to the exemplary combinations of

Claims (39)

A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser connected to an industrial steam production facility comprising:
with single or multiple condenser streets,
each condenser street comprises a row of condenser modules;
each condenser module comprises a plenum section having a single fan or multiple fans that draws air through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in the heat exchanger section;
each heat exchanger panel has a longitudinal axis and a cross axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis;
each heat exchanger panel comprising a plurality of tubes, an upper bonnet connected in fluid communication with an upper end of each tube, and a lower bonnet connected in fluid communication with a lower end of at least a subset of said tubes;
Each lower bonnet has a single steam inlet,
Each condenser street is suspended from the heat exchanger section in the middle of the plurality of heat exchanger panels and oriented along an axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of heat exchanger panels. a steam distribution manifold extending the length of the condenser street below the plurality of heat exchanger panels;
the steam distribution manifold comprises a cylinder having a first end and a second end;
said cylinder is closed at a second end distal from said first end and comprises a plurality of connections on an upper surface thereof;
each of said plurality of connections is configured to be connected to a corresponding said single steam inlet;
Large-scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser. 2. The large field assembled air cooled industry of claim 1, wherein each heat exchanger panel comprises a first stage condenser in which all tubes within said heat exchanger panel receive steam from the lower ends of said tubes. for steam condensers. Each heat exchanger panel includes a secondary condenser section, a primary condenser section, an upper bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with the upper end of each tube of the secondary condenser section and the primary condenser section; a primary lower bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with a lower end of each tube of the primary condenser section; a secondary chamber internal to the lower bonnet connected to and in fluid communication with a lower end of each tube of said secondary condenser section; and a secondary lower bonnet connected to the upper side of said primary lower bonnet, each said primary lower bonnet having a single stem inlet. Condenser. 4. The large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 3, wherein each heat exchanger panel comprises two primary condenser sections adjacent said secondary condenser section. 5. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 4, wherein said secondary condenser section is centrally located along said heat exchanger panel and adjoins primary condensers on both ends. . 2. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 1, wherein said steam distribution manifold cylinder is attached at a first end to a turbine exhaust duct. 2. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 1, wherein the steam distribution manifold is closed at both ends and has a single connection to the steam shaft at the bottom. 2. The large field assembled air cooled industry of claim 1, wherein each heat exchanger panel is independently suspended from said heat exchanger section frame by a plurality of flexible suspension supports. for steam condensers. A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction. A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are vertically oriented. Mass field assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented at the same angle and in the same direction with respect to the vertical. Air-cooled industrial steam condenser. All heat exchanger panels on one side of the single heat exchanger section are slanted in one direction with respect to the vertical and all heat exchanger panels on the other side of the single heat exchanger section are: A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 8 which is slanted in the opposite direction to the vertical. 9. The plenum section of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the plenum section comprises a single fan mounted on a fan deck skeleton and drawing air across all heat exchanger panels in the heat exchanger section. Large-scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser. The large scale site of any preceding claim, wherein the plenum section comprises a plurality of fan deck plates mounted on a fan deck skeleton, each fan deck plate comprising a plurality of fans. Assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser. 15. The large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 14, wherein each fan draws air over no more than two heat exchanger panels. Each flexible suspension support comprises a central rod connected at both ends to connecting sleeves, the first connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support connecting the heat exchanger section to the heat exchanger section. 9. The large scale field assembled air cooled system of claim 8, wherein a second connecting sleeve of each flexible suspended support connected to a frame is connected to a tube sheet of said heat exchanger panel. Industrial steam condenser. The large scale field assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have a length of 2.0m to 2.8m, a cross-sectional height of 120mm, and a cross-sectional width of 4-10mm. Air-cooled industrial steam condenser. 18. The large scale field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 17, wherein said plurality of tubes have a cross-sectional width of 5.2-7 mm. 19. The large scale field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 18, wherein said plurality of tubes have a cross-sectional width of 6.0 mm. The plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have fins attached to the flat sides of the tubes, the fins having a height of 9-10 mm and 5-12 fins per inch. 2. The large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 1, spaced apart by . The tubes in the heat exchanger panel have fins attached to the flat sides of the tubes, the fins adjoining with a height of 18 mm to 20 mm across the space between adjacent tubes. 4. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 3, contacting a tube, said fins being spaced at 5-12 fins per inch. A method of assembling a large-scale field-assembled air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, comprising:
assembling on the ground a heat exchanger section comprising a frame of the heat exchanger section and the heat exchanger panels;
supporting the heat exchanger section at a height above the ground that permits suspension of an adjacent steam distribution manifold section immediately below the heat exchanger panel;
assembling above ground a plenum section comprising a fan deck and a fan assembly;
lifting and placing the assembled heat exchanger section and steam distribution manifold section over corresponding substructures;
attaching adjacent steam distribution manifold sections to each other;
lifting the assembled plenum section and placing it over the heat exchanger section;
assembly method, including A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser connected to an industrial steam production facility comprising:
with single or multiple condenser streets,
each condenser street comprises a row of condenser modules;
each condenser module comprises a plenum section having a single fan or multiple fans that draws air through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in the heat exchanger section;
each heat exchanger panel has a longitudinal axis and a cross axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis;
Each heat exchanger panel includes a plurality of condenser tubes, an upper bonnet connected in fluid communication with an upper end of each condenser tube, and a lower bonnet connected in fluid communication with a lower end of each condenser tube. prepared,
Each lower bonnet has a single steam inlet,
Each condenser street is suspended from a lower side of the heat exchanger section at an intermediate portion of the heat exchanger panel and directly adjacent to the lower side of the plurality of heat exchanger panels in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger panel. a single vapor distribution manifold arranged along an axis perpendicular to the axis and extending the length of said condenser street;
said steam distribution manifold comprising a cylinder attached at a first end to a turbine exhaust duct and having a closed second end distal from said first end;
The cylinder comprises on its upper surface a plurality of connections configured to be connected to the inlet of the lower bonnet.
Large-scale field-assembled industrial steam condenser. 24. The large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser of Claim 23, wherein each heat exchanger panel comprises only one stage in which all tubes within said heat exchanger panel receive steam from the lower ends of said tubes. vessel. 24. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of Claim 23, wherein said top bonnet is configured to receive non-condensable gases from said condenser tubes. 24. The large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 23, wherein each heat exchanger panel is suspended from the condenser module frame by a plurality of flexible suspension supports. . Each flexible suspension support comprises a central rod connected at both ends to a connecting sleeve, the first connection sleeve of each flexible suspension support being connected to the frame of said condenser module. 27. The large field assembly air cooled industry of claim 26, wherein a second connecting sleeve of each flexible suspended support connected to a tube sheet of said heat exchanger panel is connected to a for steam condensers. 24. The large field assembly air cooled industrial application of claim 23, wherein said plurality of condenser tubes have a length of 2.0m to 2.8m, a cross-sectional height of 120mm, and a cross-sectional width of 4-10mm. steam condenser. 29. The large scale field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 28, wherein said condenser tube has a cross-sectional width of 5.2-7 mm. 30. The large scale field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 29, wherein said condenser tube has a cross-sectional width of 6.0 mm. The plurality of condenser tubes has fins attached to the flat sides of the condenser tubes, the fins having a height of 9-10 mm and spaced at 5-12 fins per inch. 24. The large scale field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 23, spaced apart. The plurality of condenser tubes has fins attached to the flat sides of the condenser tubes, the fins extending from adjacent tubes with a height of 18 mm to 20 mm across the space between adjacent tubes. 24. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 23, wherein said fins are spaced from 5 to 12 fins per inch. 24. A method of assembling a large scale field mounted air cooled condenser according to claim 23, comprising:
assembling on the ground a heat exchanger section comprising a heat exchanger section frame and said heat exchanger panels;
supporting the heat exchanger section at a height above the ground sufficient to suspend an adjacent steam distribution manifold section directly below the heat exchanger panel;
assembling above ground a plenum section comprising a fan deck and a fan assembly;
lifting and placing the assembled heat exchanger section and steam distribution manifold section over corresponding substructures;
connecting adjacent vapor distribution manifold sections together;
lifting the assembled plenum section and placing it over the heat exchanger section;
assembly method, including A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23 to 32, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction. A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23 to 32, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are vertically oriented. Mass field assembly according to any one of claims 23 to 32, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented at the same angle and in the same direction with respect to the vertical. Air-cooled industrial steam condenser. All heat exchanger panels on one side of the single heat exchanger section are slanted in one direction with respect to the vertical and all heat exchanger panels on the other side of the single heat exchanger section are: A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23 to 32 which is slanted in opposite directions to the vertical. said plenum section comprising a plurality of fan deck plates mounted on a fan deck skeleton, each fan deck plate comprising a plurality of fans, each fan drawing air across no more than two heat exchanger panels; A large scale field assembled air cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23-32. 2. The large field assembly air cooled industrial steam condenser of claim 1, wherein the top bonnet is configured to receive non-condensable gases from the condenser tubes.

Images