JP2022537961A - Fire design for non-combustible buildings in shipping containers - Google Patents

Fire design for non-combustible buildings in shipping containers Download PDF

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JP2022537961A
JP2022537961A JP2021574261A JP2021574261A JP2022537961A JP 2022537961 A JP2022537961 A JP 2022537961A JP 2021574261 A JP2021574261 A JP 2021574261A JP 2021574261 A JP2021574261 A JP 2021574261A JP 2022537961 A JP2022537961 A JP 2022537961A
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building
wall
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shipping container
walls
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ポスピシル、フランク
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ユナイテッド・ステイツ・ジプサム・カンパニー
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E04B1/0015—Cellars constructed from prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • E04B2103/02—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of ceramics, concrete or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H2001/1283—Small buildings of the ISO containers type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/16—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against adverse conditions, e.g. extreme climate, pests

Abstract

【解決手段】 多層階建築物を構築するための建築部材であって、建築部材は、一緒に接続された頂部壁、底部壁、前壁、後壁、および対向する側壁を有する複数の壁を含む輸送用コンテナと、輸送用コンテナの複数の壁のうちの少なくとも１つの内側または外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた、セメント系材料で作製された建築パネルと、を含む。【選択図】図５A building member for constructing a multi-storey building, the building member comprising a plurality of walls having a top wall, a bottom wall, a front wall, a rear wall, and opposing side walls connected together. and a building panel made of a cementitious material attached to at least one of the inner or outer sides of at least one of the plurality of walls of the shipping container. [Selection drawing] Fig. 5

Description

本発明は、概して、建築物を構築するために使用される輸送用コンテナに関し、より具体的には、多層階建築物を構築するために使用される輸送用コンテナに関する。 The present invention relates generally to shipping containers used to construct buildings, and more particularly to shipping containers used to construct multi-story buildings.

世界中で、商品を輸送するために輸送用コンテナが使用されている。典型的に、従来の輸送用コンテナ１０は、図１～図４に示すように、前壁１２と、後壁１４と、対向する側壁１６ａ、１６ｂと、頂部壁または天井１８と、底部壁または床２０と、を含む。これらの輸送用コンテナ１０は、一般的に鋼で作製され、８フィート６インチ（Ａ１）×８フィート（Ａ２）、または９フィート６インチ（Ｂ１）×８フィート（Ｂ２）の寸法を有し、２０フィートまたは４０フィートの長さを有する。輸送用コンテナを作製するために使用される材料の頑丈な構造および重量のため、これらのコンテナは、一般的に、５０００～８５００ポンドの重量である。 All over the world, shipping containers are used to transport goods. Typically, a conventional shipping container 10 has a front wall 12, a rear wall 14, opposing side walls 16a, 16b, a top wall or ceiling 18, and a bottom wall or a floor 20; These shipping containers 10 are generally made of steel and have dimensions of 8 feet 6 inches (A1) by 8 feet (A2) or 9 feet 6 inches (B1) by 8 feet (B2), It has a length of 20 or 40 feet. Due to the rugged construction and weight of the materials used to make shipping containers, these containers typically weigh between 5000 and 8500 pounds.

国家間で、特に海外に商品を輸送するために輸送用コンテナが使用される状況では、コンテナのサイズおよび重量のため、空のコンテナを元の場所へ返送するには費用が掛かりすぎるので、コンテナは再利用されていない。その結果、数百～数千の空の輸送用コンテナが使用されずに港に置かれている。 In situations where shipping containers are used to transport goods between countries, especially overseas, the size and weight of the container make it too costly to return the empty container to its original location. are not reused. As a result, hundreds to thousands of empty shipping containers are left unused at ports.

空の輸送用コンテナの１つの使い道は、住宅用および商業用建築物を構築することである。一例では、１つ以上の輸送用コンテナを地面または基礎の上に配置し、一緒に溶接して、単階の建築物を形成する。別の例では、輸送用コンテナを互いに積み重ねて、多層階の住宅用または商業用建築物を形成する。しかしながら、住宅用および商業用建築基準における火災等級規格のため、空の輸送用コンテナによって作製される建築物は、最高で３階建てにしかできない。 One use of empty shipping containers is in constructing residential and commercial buildings. In one example, one or more shipping containers are placed on the ground or foundation and welded together to form a single story building. In another example, shipping containers are stacked together to form a multi-story residential or commercial building. However, due to fire rating specifications in residential and commercial building codes, buildings made from empty shipping containers can only be three stories high.

したがって、３階建てよりも高く、かつ住宅用および商業用の建築物に関する火災等級の建築基準を満たす、輸送用コンテナを使用した多層階建築物の構築に対する必要性が存在する。 Accordingly, a need exists for the construction of multi-story buildings using shipping containers that are taller than three stories and meet fire-rated building codes for residential and commercial buildings.

上に列挙した必要性は、少なくとも１つのセメント系建築パネルを含む輸送用コンテナである本建築部材によって満たされるか、または該必要性に勝り、それにより、複数の建築部材を垂直に積み重ね、一緒に取り付けて、３階建てよりも高い住宅用または商業用建築物を形成する。 The needs enumerated above are met or exceeded by the present building member, which is a shipping container comprising at least one cementitious building panel, whereby a plurality of building members are vertically stacked and joined together. to form a residential or commercial building taller than three stories.

一実施形態では、多層階建築物を構築するための建築部材が提供され、該建築部材は、一緒に接続された頂部壁、底部壁、前壁、後壁、および対向する側壁を有する複数の壁を含む輸送用コンテナと、輸送用コンテナの内側のまたは外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた、セメント系材料で作製されたる建築パネルと、を含む。 In one embodiment, a building member for constructing a multi-storey building is provided, the building member having a top wall, a bottom wall, a front wall, a rear wall, and opposing side walls connected together. A shipping container including walls and a building panel made of a cementitious material attached to at least one of the inside or outside of the shipping container.

別の実施形態では、多層階建築物は、垂直に積み重ねられて、一緒に取り付けられた少なくとも４つの建築部材を含み、少なくとも４つの建築部材の各々は、一緒に接続された頂部壁、底部壁、前壁、後壁、および対向する側壁を有する輸送用コンテナと、輸送用コンテナの各々の頂部壁、底部壁、前壁、後壁、および対向する側壁のうちの少なくとも１つの内側または外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた、セメント系材料で作製された建築パネルと、を含む。 In another embodiment, the multi-storey building includes at least four building members vertically stacked and attached together, each of the at least four building members having top and bottom walls connected together. , a shipping container having a front wall, a rear wall and opposing side walls, and an inner or outer side of at least one of the top wall, bottom wall, front wall, rear wall and opposing side walls of each of the shipping container. and attached to at least one building panel made of a cementitious material.

従来の輸送用コンテナの概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional shipping container; FIG. 第１の長さ、幅、および高さを有する図１の輸送用コンテナの概略端面図である。2 is a schematic end view of the shipping container of FIG. 1 having a first length, width and height; FIG. 第２の長さ、幅、および高さを有する図１の輸送用コンテナの概略端面図である。2 is a schematic end view of the shipping container of FIG. 1 having a second length, width and height; FIG. 図１の輸送用コンテナの分解概略図である。Figure 2 is an exploded schematic view of the shipping container of Figure 1; 本発明の建築部材の一実施形態の分解概略図である。1 is an exploded schematic view of one embodiment of a building member of the present invention; FIG. 図５の建築部材の壁の概略図である。Figure 6 is a schematic view of a wall of the building member of Figure 5; 図５の建築部材の床アセンブリの概略図である。Figure 6 is a schematic view of a floor assembly of the building member of Figure 5; 図５の複数の建築部材によって構築された建築物の一実施形態の概略図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a building constructed from the building members of FIG. 5; 本発明の建築部材の別の実施形態の分解概略図である。Fig. 3 is an exploded schematic view of another embodiment of the building member of the present invention; 建築物の基礎を形成する、地下に配置された建築部材の概略図である。1 is a schematic view of a building member placed underground forming the foundation of a building; FIG. 基礎壁を有する基礎に配置された建築部材の概略図である。1 is a schematic view of a building member placed on a foundation with foundation walls; FIG. 地面に配置された建築部材の概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram of a building element placed on the ground; FIG.

以下、図５を参照すると、本建築部材２２の一実施形態が示されており、ドアフレーム２８およびドア３０を有する前壁２６と、後壁３２と、対向する側壁３４ａ、３４ｂと、頂部壁または天井３６と、底部壁または床３８と、を有する、空の輸送用コンテナ２４を含む。従来の輸送用コンテナは、典型的に、３０分（０．５時間）の火災等級を有する鋼で作製されている。したがって、従来の輸送用コンテナによって作製された建築物は、１～３階建てにしかできない。３階建てよりも高い建築物は、建築基準および安全基準を満たすために、少なくとも１時間（１．０時間）の火災等級を有しなければならない。 Referring now to Figure 5, one embodiment of the present building member 22 is shown including a front wall 26 having a door frame 28 and door 30, a rear wall 32, opposing side walls 34a, 34b and a top wall. Or includes an empty shipping container 24 having a ceiling 36 and a bottom wall or floor 38 . Conventional shipping containers are typically made of steel with a 30 minute (0.5 hour) fire rating. Buildings made from conventional shipping containers can therefore only be one to three storeys high. Buildings taller than three stories must have a fire rating of at least one hour (1.0 hour) to meet building and safety codes.

１時間の火災等級を満たすために、１つ以上の建築パネル４０が建築部材２２に取り付けられる。１つ以上の建築パネル４０は、構造用セメントパネル、繊維強化セメントパネル、石膏パネル、乾式壁、壁ボード、および／または繊維強化石膏パネルなどのセメント系材料で作製されている。建築パネル４０は、任意の好適な材料または材料の組み合わせから作製され得ることを理解されたい。図５に示すように、建築パネル４０は、建築部材２２の前壁２６、後壁３２、対向する側壁３４ａ、３４ｂ、頂部壁３６、および底部壁３８の、内面（ｉｎｎｅｒ ｏｒ ｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒ ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ）４２に、および外面（ｏｕｔｅｒ ｏｒ ｅｘｔｅｒｉｏｒ ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ）４４に、または内面および外面の両方に取り付けられ得る。具体的には、輸送用コンテナのフレーム構造に取り付けられた、典型的に合板である床パネルが取り除かれて、建築パネル４０と交換される。建築パネル４０を建築部材２２の内面４２および／または外面４４に取り付ける際に、建築パネルは、表面に嵌合して、取り付けられるように垂直、水平に配向され得、および／または任意の好適なサイズおよび形状に切断され得る。また、１つ以上の金属支持体４６または他の不燃性支持体もまた、壁の内面および／または外面に取り付けられ得、次いで、好適な締結具を使用して建築パネルが支持体に固定されて、壁および建築パネルの表面の間に、断熱材料、消音材料、または他の材料のための隙間を作成する。壁の内面４２および／または外面４４への、および／または以下で説明する床アセンブリへの、および／または天井への建築パネル４０の取り付けは、建築部材２２の火災等級を少なくとも１時間に増加させ、かつ、建築部材を、互いに垂直に積み重ねて、一緒に溶接または取り付けて、１～３階建てである、および３階建てよりも高い住宅用および商業用建築物を形成することを可能にする。 One or more building panels 40 are attached to the building member 22 to meet the one hour fire rating. The one or more building panels 40 are made of cementitious materials such as structural cement panels, fiber reinforced cement panels, gypsum panels, drywall, wallboard, and/or fiber reinforced gypsum panels. It should be appreciated that building panel 40 may be made from any suitable material or combination of materials. As shown in FIG. 5, the building panel 40 is attached to the inner or interior surfaces 42 of the front wall 26, the rear wall 32, the opposing side walls 34a, 34b, the top wall 36, and the bottom wall 38 of the building member 22. , and the outer or exterior surface 44, or both the inner and outer surfaces. Specifically, floor panels, typically plywood, attached to the shipping container framework are removed and replaced with building panels 40 . In attaching the building panel 40 to the inner surface 42 and/or the outer surface 44 of the building member 22, the building panel may be oriented vertically, horizontally to fit and attach to the surface, and/or any suitable orientation. Can be cut to size and shape. One or more metal supports 46 or other non-combustible supports may also be attached to the inner and/or outer surfaces of the walls, and then the building panels are secured to the supports using suitable fasteners. to create gaps for insulating, sound deadening, or other materials between the surfaces of walls and building panels. Attaching the building panel 40 to the inner surface 42 and/or the outer surface 44 of the wall and/or to the floor assembly described below and/or to the ceiling increases the fire rating of the building member 22 to at least one hour. and allows building members to be stacked vertically on each other and welded or attached together to form residential and commercial buildings that are one to three storeys and taller than three storeys. .

一実施形態では、建築部材２２に取り付けられる建築パネル４０は、４フィートの幅、８フィートの長さ、および１／２インチ（０．５インチ）の厚さを有する。建築パネルは、３／４インチ（０．７５インチ）、１インチ（１．０インチ）、１．５インチ（１．５インチ）の厚さ、または任意の好適な厚さを有することを理解されたい。さらに、建築パネル４０は、任意の好適な幅および長さであり得る。別の実施形態では、防爆性のプレハブ式壁パネルまたはブラストパネルが建築部材２２に取り付けられ得、各ブラストパネルは、米国特許第６，９８６，８１２号、同第７，４４５，７３８号、同第７，６７０，５２０号、同第７，７８９，６４５号、および同第８，０３０，３７７号、に記載されている構造用セメント系パネルであり、これらはすべて、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。 In one embodiment, the building panel 40 attached to the building member 22 has a width of 4 feet, a length of 8 feet, and a thickness of 1/2 inch (0.5 inch). It is understood that the building panel has a thickness of 3/4 inch (0.75 inch), 1 inch (1.0 inch), 1.5 inch (1.5 inch), or any suitable thickness. want to be Additionally, building panel 40 may be of any suitable width and length. In another embodiment, explosion-proof prefabricated wall panels or blast panels can be attached to the building member 22, each blast panel as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,670,520; 7,789,645; and 8,030,377, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. incorporated.

図６Ａを参照すると、建築部材２２の壁４８の一実施形態が示されており、壁は、締結具または溶接によって一緒に固定された、頂部水平配向支持体５２ａおよび底部水平配向支持体５２ｂ、ならびに対向する垂直配向側部支持体５４ａ、５４ｂによって形成された、骨組構造５０を含む。中間垂直配向支持体５６は、対向する側部支持体５４ａ、５４ｂの間に間隔をあけて頂部支持体５２ａおよび底部支持体５２ｂに取り付けられる。平坦なまたは波形の材料のシート５８は、骨組構造５０の片側に、より具体的には、骨組構造の外側（ｏｕｔｅｒ ｏｒ ｅｘｔｅｒｉｏｒ ｓｉｄｅ）に取り付けられる。複数の建築パネル４０は、骨組構造５０の内側（ｉｎｎｅｒ ｏｒ ｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒ ｓｉｄｅ）に取り付けられる。この実施形態では、ガラス繊維断熱材料、鉱物繊維断熱材料、発砲断熱材料などの好適な断熱材料で作製された断熱材６０が、建築パネルの間に、および／または中間支持体５６の間の隙間に配置される。断熱材料の代わりに、またはそれと併せて、１種または複数種の遮音材料が使用され得ることを理解されたい。図６に示すように、建築パネル４０は、任意の配向で骨組構造５０に取り付けられて、壁４８の側部を覆うために必要な任意の好適なサイズに切断され得る。建築パネル４０の１つ以上の層が、建築部材の１つまたは複数の壁の片側または両側に取り付けられ得ることを理解されたい。 Referring to FIG. 6A, one embodiment of wall 48 of building member 22 is shown, the wall comprising top and bottom horizontally oriented supports 52a and 52b, secured together by fasteners or welds; and a frame structure 50 formed by opposing vertically oriented side supports 54a, 54b. An intermediate vertically oriented support 56 is attached to top support 52a and bottom support 52b, spaced between opposing side supports 54a, 54b. A sheet 58 of flat or corrugated material is attached to one side of the framework 50, and more specifically to the outer or exterior side of the framework. A plurality of building panels 40 are attached to the inner or interior side of the frame structure 50 . In this embodiment, insulation 60 made of a suitable insulating material, such as fiberglass insulation, mineral fiber insulation, foam insulation, etc., fills the gaps between building panels and/or intermediate supports 56 . placed in It should be appreciated that one or more sound insulating materials may be used in place of or in conjunction with thermal insulating materials. As shown in FIG. 6, building panels 40 may be attached to frame structure 50 in any orientation and cut to any suitable size needed to cover the sides of wall 48 . It should be appreciated that one or more layers of building panel 40 may be attached to one or both sides of one or more walls of the building member.

図６Ｂを参照すると、別の実施形態では、建築部材２２の床アセンブリ４１が示されており、床アセンブリ４１は、締結具または溶接によって一緒に固定された、離間された側部支持体４５および複数の水平配向交差支持体４７によって形成された骨組構造４３を含む。例示する実施形態では、断熱材料によって作製された断熱材４９、複数の建築パネル５１、および／または壁ボードパネル５３の組み合わせが、骨組構造４３に取り付けられる。この実施形態では、断熱材料は、ガラス繊維断熱材料、鉱物繊維断熱材料、または発砲断熱材料であり得、建築パネル５１の間に、および／または側部支持体４５と交差支持体４７との間に形成された空間に配置される。断熱材料の代わりに、またはそれと併せて、１種または複数種の遮音材料が使用され得ることを理解されたい。図６Ｂに示すように、建築パネル５１は、任意の配向で骨組構造４３に取り付けられて、床を覆うために必要な任意の好適なサイズに切断され得る。建築パネル５１の１つ以上の層が、建築部材の骨組構造４３の片側または両側に取り付けられ得ることを理解されたい。また、断熱および遮音を提供するために、材料または材料層の１つ以上の間に空隙が形成され得ることも理解されたい。 Referring to FIG. 6B, in another embodiment, a floor assembly 41 of building member 22 is shown comprising spaced side supports 45 and spaced apart side supports 45 secured together by fasteners or welding. It includes a frame structure 43 formed by a plurality of horizontally oriented cross supports 47 . In the illustrated embodiment, a combination of insulation 49 , a plurality of building panels 51 , and/or wallboard panels 53 made of insulating material are attached to frame structure 43 . In this embodiment, the insulating material can be glass fiber insulating material, mineral fiber insulating material, or foam insulating material, between building panels 51 and/or between side supports 45 and cross supports 47. placed in the space formed in It should be appreciated that one or more sound insulating materials may be used in place of or in conjunction with thermal insulating materials. As shown in FIG. 6B, the building panels 51 can be attached to the frame structure 43 in any orientation and cut to any suitable size needed to cover the floor. It should be appreciated that one or more layers of building panels 51 may be attached to one or both sides of the building member framework 43 . It should also be appreciated that voids may be formed between one or more of the materials or layers of material to provide thermal and sound insulation.

図６Ａおよび図６Ｂでは、壁および床の火災設計または火災等級は、遮断材、建築パネル、および／または壁ボードパネルなどの骨組構造に取り付けられた材料の組み合わせ、ならびに材料の層の数に基づいている。 6A and 6B, wall and floor fire designs or fire ratings are based on the combination of materials attached to the frame structure, such as insulation, building panels, and/or wallboard panels, and the number of layers of material. ing.

図７を参照すると、住宅用または商業用建築物６２の一実施形態が示されており、建築物は、複数の建築部材６４で構築されている。この実施形態では、建築部材６４の壁の内部および／または外部に固定された建築パネル４０（図６に示す）のため、建築部材６４の火災等級が建築基準によって必要とされる少なくとも１時間の火災等級を満たすので、建築物６２は、３階建てよりも高い。図７に示すように、建築部材６４は、基礎壁７０を含む基礎６８に支持された地下の骨組構造６６上に配置することができる。代替的に、建築物６２は、地下構造を伴わずに、地表面において直接基礎６８に支持され得る。建築部材６４の１つ以上は、ドア７２および／または窓７４を有し得る。追加的に、建築物６２を形成する建築部材６４の１つ以上の頂部に屋根７６が取り付けられ得る。建築部材６４が、任意の建築物構成を形成するように配設されて、一緒に固定され得ることを理解されたい。また、バルコニー、デッキ、パティオ、または他の構造などの異なるタイプの構造が、建築部材６４に固定され得るか、またはそれに隣接して位置付けられ得る。建築部材６４はまた、任意の所望の長さまたは形状に切断され得る。 Referring to FIG. 7, one embodiment of a residential or commercial building 62 is shown, the building being constructed from multiple building members 64 . In this embodiment, due to the building panel 40 (shown in FIG. 6) being secured to the interior and/or exterior of the wall of the building member 64, the fire rating of the building member 64 is maintained for at least one hour as required by building codes. The building 62 is taller than three stories because it meets the fire rating. As shown in FIG. 7, building members 64 may be placed on an underground frame structure 66 supported by a foundation 68 that includes foundation walls 70 . Alternatively, building 62 may be supported directly on foundation 68 at ground level without subterranean structures. One or more of the building members 64 may have doors 72 and/or windows 74 . Additionally, a roof 76 may be attached to the top of one or more of the building members 64 forming the building 62 . It should be appreciated that the building members 64 may be arranged and secured together to form any building configuration. Also, different types of structures such as balconies, decks, patios, or other structures may be secured to or positioned adjacent to building member 64 . Building member 64 may also be cut to any desired length or shape.

以下、図８を参照すると、本建築部材７８の別の実施形態が示されており、ドアフレーム８４およびドア８６を有する前壁８２と、後壁８８と、対向する側壁９０ａ、９０ｂと、頂部壁または天井９２と、底部壁または床９４と、を有する、空の輸送用コンテナ８０を含む。この実施形態では、セメント系材料で作製された１つ以上の建築パネル９６が、単に建築部材７８の天井９２および床９４だけに取り付けられている。示すように、前壁８２、後壁８８、および対向する側壁９０ａ、９０ｂは、建築パネルを含まない。この構造は、アセンブリ中のコストおよび時間を減少させる。建築パネル９６は、天井の内面９８、外面１００、または内面および外面の両方に取り付けられ得ることを理解されたい。また、建築パネル９６が、単に天井９２だけに、または単に床９４だけに取り付けられ得ることも理解されたい。 Referring now to Figure 8, another embodiment of the present building member 78 is shown comprising a front wall 82 having a door frame 84 and a door 86, a rear wall 88, opposite side walls 90a, 90b, and a top wall 82. It includes an empty shipping container 80 having walls or ceiling 92 and a bottom wall or floor 94 . In this embodiment, one or more building panels 96 made of cementitious material are simply attached to the ceiling 92 and floor 94 of the building member 78 . As shown, front wall 82, rear wall 88, and opposing side walls 90a, 90b do not include building panels. This construction reduces cost and time during assembly. It should be appreciated that the building panel 96 may be attached to the interior surface 98, exterior surface 100, or both interior and exterior surfaces of the ceiling. It should also be understood that the building panel 96 could be attached only to the ceiling 92 or only to the floor 94 .

図９を参照すると、一実施形態では、上で説明した本建築部材１０２の１つ以上が地下に設置されて、住宅用または商業用建築物のための地階または地下室などの成績構造１０４を形成し得る。建築部材１０２は、土壌特性ならびに建築物構造のサイズおよび重量に応じて、図７に示す基礎６８などの地下基礎上に、または地表面に直接配置され得る。図９に示すように、１つ以上のセメント系建築パネル１０６が建築部材１０２の天井１０８に取り付けられる。代替的に、建築物の基礎を形成している建築部材は、建築部材の頂面に取り付けられたいかなる建築パネルも含まない。代わりに、第１の地上階を形成している建築部材は、地下基礎を形成している建築部材の上に直接積み重ねられる。建築部材は、完全に地下に、または部分的に地下に位置付けられ得ることを理解されたい。 Referring to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, one or more of the present building members 102 described above are installed underground to form a performance structure 104, such as a basement or basement for a residential or commercial building. can. Building members 102 may be placed on an underground foundation, such as foundation 68 shown in FIG. 7, or directly at the ground level, depending on soil properties and the size and weight of the building structure. One or more cementitious building panels 106 are attached to the ceiling 108 of the building member 102, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the building member forming the foundation of the building does not include any building panel attached to the top surface of the building member. Alternatively, the building members forming the first ground floor are stacked directly on top of the building members forming the underground foundation. It should be appreciated that the building member may be positioned completely underground or partially underground.

上の実施形態では、本建築部材の１つ以上は、土壌特性および建築物構造のサイズおよび重量に応じて、１つ以上の基礎壁１１２（図１０）を含む基礎１１０上に、または地面１１４（図１１）に直接配置され得る。 In the above embodiments, one or more of the present building members are placed on a foundation 110, including one or more foundation walls 112 (FIG. 10), or on the ground 114, depending on soil properties and the size and weight of the building structure. (FIG. 11).

本建築部材の特定の実施形態を本明細書において説明してきたが、そのより広範な態様において、および以下の特許請求の範囲に記載されるように、本発明から逸脱することなく、変更および修正が行われ得ることが当業者には理解されるであろう。
Although specific embodiments of the building member have been described herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects and as set forth in the claims below. can be performed.

Claims (10)

多層階建築物を構築するための建築部材であって、
一緒に接続された頂部壁、底部壁、前壁、後壁、および対向する側壁を有する複数の壁を含む輸送用コンテナと、
前記輸送用コンテナの前記複数の壁のうちの少なくとも１つの内側または外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた、セメント系材料で作製された建築パネルと、を備える、建築部材。 A building member for constructing a multi-storey building,
a shipping container comprising a plurality of walls having a top wall, a bottom wall, a front wall, a rear wall and opposing side walls connected together;
a building panel made of a cementitious material attached to at least one of the inner or outer sides of at least one of said plurality of walls of said shipping container. 前記輸送用コンテナの前記複数の壁のうちの少なくとも１つの前記内側または前記外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた複数の前記建築パネルをさらに備える、請求項１に記載の建築部材。 2. The building member of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of said building panels attached to at least one of said inner side or said outer side of at least one of said plurality of walls of said shipping container. 前記建築パネルと、前記輸送用コンテナの前記少なくとも１つの内側および前記外側との間に位置付けられた断熱材料と、をさらに備える、請求項１に記載の建築部材。 2. The building member of claim 1, further comprising insulating material positioned between the building panel and the at least one interior and exterior of the shipping container. 前記建築パネルと、前記輸送用コンテナの前記少なくとも１つの内側および前記外側に隣接して位置付けられた断熱材料と、をさらに備える、請求項１に記載の建築部材。 2. The building member of claim 1, further comprising said building panel and insulating material positioned adjacent said at least one interior and said exterior of said shipping container. 前記輸送用コンテナの前記複数の壁のうちの少なくとも１つの前記少なくとも１つの内側および前記外側に取り付けられた建築パネル断熱材料の複数の層をさらに備える、請求項１に記載の建築部材。 2. The building component of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of layers of building panel insulating material attached to said at least one inner side and said outer side of at least one of said plurality of walls of said shipping container. 前記建築パネルが、単に前記頂部壁だけに取り付けられる、請求項１に記載の建築部材。 2. The building member of claim 1, wherein said building panel is attached solely to said top wall. 前記建築パネルが、単に前記底部壁だけに取り付けられる、請求項１に記載の建築部材。 2. The building member of claim 1, wherein said building panel is attached solely to said bottom wall. 前記建築パネルと前記底部壁との間に位置付けられた断熱材および空隙のうちの少なくとも１つをさらに備える、請求項７に記載の建築部材。 8. The building member of claim 7, further comprising at least one of insulation and voids positioned between the building panel and the bottom wall. 多層階建築物であって、
垂直に積み重ねられて、一緒に取り付けられた請求項１に記載の少なくとも４つの建築部材であって、前記少なくとも４つの建築部材の各々が、一緒に接続された頂部壁、底部壁、前壁、後壁、および対向する側壁を有する輸送用コンテナを含む、少なくとも４つの建築部材と、
前記輸送用コンテナの各々の前記頂部壁、前記底部壁、前記前壁、前記後壁、および前記対向する側壁のうちの少なくとも１つの内側または外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた、セメント系材料で作製された建築パネルと、を備える、多層階建築物。 a multi-storey building,
2. The at least four building members of claim 1 vertically stacked and attached together, wherein each of said at least four building members comprises a top wall, a bottom wall, a front wall, connected together; at least four building members, including a shipping container having a rear wall and opposing side walls;
a cementitious material attached to at least one of the inner or outer side of at least one of the top wall, the bottom wall, the front wall, the rear wall, and the opposing sidewalls of each of the shipping containers; A multi-storey building, comprising: fabricated building panels. 前記輸送用コンテナの各々の前記内側または前記外側の少なくとも１つに取り付けられた複数の建築パネルをさらに備える、請求項９に記載の建築物。
10. The building of Claim 9, further comprising a plurality of building panels attached to at least one of said interior or said exterior of each of said shipping containers.
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