JP2022531021A - 複合冷却フィルム及び同フィルムを含む物品 - Google Patents
複合冷却フィルム及び同フィルムを含む物品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
「フルオロポリマー」は、フッ素を含有する任意の有機ポリマーを指し、
「赤外線」(IR)は、特に指定しない限り、700nm超~1mmの波長を有する赤外電磁放射を指す。
「可視光」(VIS)は、特に指定しない限り、400nm~700nm(両端を含む)の波長を有する可視電磁放射を指す。
「紫外線」(UV)は、特に指定しない限り、少なくとも250nm、最大で400nm未満の波長を有する紫外電磁放射を指す。
「微多孔性」は、50~10,000nmの平均細孔径を有する(連続及び/又は不連続な)内部多孔性を有することを意味し、
「ミクロ空隙」は、100~3000nmの平均空隙径を有する個別の内部空隙を有することを意味する。
「非フッ素化ポリマー」は、フッ素を含有しない任意の有機ポリマーを指す。
「放射」は、特に指定がない限り、電磁放射を意味する。
「固定された」は、直接又は間接的に(例えば、直接接触して、又は単一層の接着剤によって間接的に)接着結合されることを意味する。
「平均反射率」は、指定される波長範囲にわたって平均化された反射率を意味する。
「反射性」及び「反射能」は、光又は放射を反射する特性、特に材料の厚さとは無関係に測定される反射率を指す。
「反射率」は、垂直入射で表面に当たって反射される光又は他の放射の割合の測定値である。反射能は典型的に、波長によって変化し、表面から反射される入射光の百分率として報告される(0パーセント-反射光なし、100-全ての光が反射される)。反射能と反射率は、本明細書において互換的に使用される。
A=-log10T (1)
反射性微多孔層は、球状、偏球状、又は何らかの他の形状であり得る、相互接続された空隙及び/又は個別の空隙の網状組織を含んでもよい。反射性微多孔層の主要な機能は、太陽スペクトルの可視及び赤外放射の少なくとも一部分を反射することと、大気の窓(すなわち、8~13ミクロンの波長)の熱放射を放出することとを含む。
防汚層は、(例えば、太陽放射を吸収することによって)複合冷却フィルムの機能を妨げ得る表面上の汚れの蓄積をある程度防止する。
任意選択的なIR反射層の機能は、反射性微多孔フィルムによって生成され、複合冷却フィルムによって冷却されることが意図されている任意の基材に向けて伝達される、IR熱放射の量を(反射によって)低減することである。
任意選択的な接着剤層は、任意の接着剤(例えば、熱硬化性接着剤、ホットメルト接着剤、及び/又は感圧性接着剤)を含んでもよい。存在する場合、任意選択的な接着剤層は、好ましくは感圧性接着剤を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、接着剤は、紫外線損傷に対して耐性であり得る。紫外線損傷に対して典型的に耐性である例示的な接着剤としては、例えば、上述したように、UV安定/遮断添加剤を含有するシリコーン接着剤及びアクリル接着剤が挙げられる。
UV安定化添加剤は、複合冷却フィルムの任意の構成要素(例えば、UV反射性多層光学フィルム、任意選択的な防汚層、任意選択的な接着剤層、反射性微多孔層、及び/又はIR反射層)に添加されてもよい。
本開示による複合冷却フィルムは、熱的に(例えば、誘導、対流、放射)連通している基材を冷却するために使用することができる。
第1の実施形態において、本開示は、反射性微多孔層の第1の主面に固定された防汚層を備え、反射性微多孔層が、第1のフルオロポリマーを含み、400~2500ナノメートルの範囲の波長の過半にわたって電磁放射を拡散反射し、防汚層が、反射性微多孔層とは反対側に外向き防汚表面を有する、複合冷却フィルムを提供する。
線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される一連のミクロ構造であって、線が、軸線に沿って交互する一連のミクロピーク及びミクロスペースを画定し、各ミクロスペースが、軸線から最大で30度の角度を画定する最大絶対勾配を有し、各ミクロピークが、第1の平均勾配を画定する第1のミクロ区間と、第2の平均勾配を画定する第2のミクロ区間とを有し、第1の平均勾配と第2の平均勾配との間に形成される角度が最大で120度である、一連のミクロ構造と、
線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される複数のナノ構造であって、線が、軸線に沿って少なくともミクロスペース上に配置される少なくとも一連のナノピークを画定する、複数のナノ構造と、を含み、
各ナノピークが高さを有し、対応する各ミクロピークが、ナノピークの高さの少なくとも10倍の高さを有する、第1~第3の実施形態のいずれか1つによる複合冷却フィルムを提供する。
線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される一連のミクロ構造であって、線が、軸線に沿って交互する一連のミクロピーク及びミクロスペースを画定し、隣接する各ミクロピークと各ミクロスペースとの間の境界が、線の屈曲点又は変曲点の少なくとも一つを含む、一連のミクロ構造と、
線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される複数のナノ構造であって、線が、軸線に沿って少なくともミクロスペース上に配置される少なくとも一連のナノピークを画定する、複数のナノ構造と、を含み、
各ナノピークが高さを有し、対応する各ミクロピークが、ナノピークの高さの少なくとも10倍の高さを有する、第1~第3の実施形態のいずれか1つによる複合冷却フィルムを提供する。
ホッパー、独立した温度コントローラを有する8つのゾーン、及び押出機に希釈剤を供給するための液体リザーバを備えた、40mm共回転二軸スクリュー押出機を使用して、微多孔性ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)材料の連続ロールを調製した。3M Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)から3M DYNEON PVDF 1012/0001として入手したPVDFポリマーペレットと、Milliken Chemical(Spartanburg,South Carolina)製の成核剤HYPERFORM HPN-68とを、40mm共回転二軸スクリュー押出機のホッパーに導入した。Eastman Chemical Company(Kingsport,Tennessee)製の希釈剤(トリアセチン)を、押出機の第3の加熱バレルゾーンに注入した。凡その総押出速度は、毎時30ポンド(毎時13.6キログラム)であり、スクリュー速度は150RPMであった。希釈剤の量は、総重量の59重量%であり、成核剤は0.35重量%であった。押出機は、温度プロファイルを有する8つのゾーンを有し、ゾーン1が204℃、ゾーン2が260℃、ゾーン3が260℃、ゾーン4が221℃、ゾーン5が204℃、ゾーン6が177℃、ゾーン7が177℃、ゾーン8が177℃であった。続いて、溶融物を、二重クロム化コーティングハンガースロットフィルムダイを通して、クロムロール上に65.5℃でキャストし、毎分1.98メートルで回転させた。キャストされたフィルムを、温水を満たした洗浄槽を通して移送した後に、乾燥機によって細孔から希釈液及び水を実質的に除去した。
ナノ構造化防汚フルオロポリマーフィルムを、実施例1に記載した反射性微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムの上面にラミネートした。Arkema,Inc.(King of Prussia,Pennsylvania)製のKynar 710 PVDFフルオロポリマーをナノ高精細キャスト工具に対して押し出して、図3に示される表面構造を作り出すことによって、表面構造化防汚フィルム作製した。PVDFを毎時90.9kgの速度、204℃の温度、毎秒0.44メートルのライン速度で押し出した。次いで、防汚表面化微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムを、J型熱電対が表面に埋め込まれ3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着されたアルミニウムプレートに、ラミネートし、放射冷却プレートRCP2を作り出した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、アルミニウム放射冷却プレートRCP2の下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。表面にJ型熱電対が埋め込まれ、3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着された別の裸のアルミニウムプレートを、対照用放射冷却プレートとして使用した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、対照用アルミニウム放射冷却プレートの下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。周囲空気温度21.4℃で、2つの放射冷却プレートを正午に太陽の下に置いた。1時間の温度平衡化の後に、対照用放射冷却プレートの温度は37.7℃と測定され、放射冷却プレート2の温度は20℃、すなわち、周囲温度よりも1.4℃低く測定された。
ホッパー、独立した温度制御を有する8つのゾーン、及び押出機に希釈剤を供給するための液体リザーバを備えた、40mm二軸スクリュー押出機を使用して、微多孔性エチレン-クロロトリフルオロエチレンフルオロポリマー「ECTFE」材料の連続ロールを調製した。Solvay(Solexis,New Jersey)からHALAR 901 DAとして入手したECTFEフルオロポリマーと、コポリマーペレットと、3M Companyから3M DYNEON ETFE 6235として入手したエチレントリフルオロエチレンフルオロポリマー(ETFE)成核剤とを、固形物フィーダを使用してホッパーに導入し、スクリュー速度230rpmに維持された押出機に材料を供給した。Vertellus Performance Materials(Greensboro,North Carolina)製のセバシン酸ジブチル(DBS)希釈剤を、リザーバから押出機に別途に供給した。ECTFEコポリマー/希釈剤/成核剤の重量比は64.5/35/0.5であった。総押出速度は毎時18.14kgであり、押出機の8つのゾーンを、ゾーン1~8の温度プロファイル、204℃、254℃、254℃、260℃、260℃、254℃、249℃、及び249℃をそれぞれ提供するように設定した。溶融組成物を均一に混合した後に、224℃に維持された二重クロム化コーティングハンガースロットフィルムダイを通して圧送し、ホイール温度60℃に維持されたパターン付きキャストホイール上に、フィルムダイとキャストホイールとの間に2.5cmの間隙を置いてキャストした。キャスト速度は毎分4.57mであり、フィルムをインラインで連続的に洗浄して、混合溶媒(3M Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)から3M NOVEC 71DE Engineered Fluidとして入手)中のDBSを除去し、空気乾燥させた。
ナノ構造化防汚フルオロポリマーフィルムを、実施例3に記載した微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムの上面にラミネートした。Kynar 710 PVDFフルオロポリマーをナノ高精細キャスト工具に対して押し出して、図3に示される表面構造を作り出すことによって、表面構造化防汚フィルムを作製した。PVDFを毎時90.9kgの速度、204℃の温度、毎秒0.44メートルのライン速度で押し出した。次いで、防汚表面化微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムを、J型熱電対が表面に埋め込まれ3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープに接着されたアルミニウムプレートに、ラミネートし、放射冷却プレートRCP4を作り出した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、対照用アルミニウム放射冷却プレートRCP4の下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。表面にJ型熱電対が埋め込まれ、3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着された別の裸のアルミニウムプレートを、対照用放射冷却プレートとして使用した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、対照用アルミニウム放射冷却プレートの下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。周囲空気温度21.4℃で、2つの放射冷却プレートを正午に太陽の下に置いた。1時間の温度平衡化の後に、対照用放射冷却プレートの温度は37.7℃と測定され、放射冷却プレートRCP4の温度は20.3℃、すなわち、周囲温度よりも1.1℃低く測定された。
厚さ11ミクロンのPTFE膜(W.L.Gore&Associates,Inc.(Elkton,MD)からTEFLON PFS 020 10として入手)を使用した。微多孔性PTFE材料の8つの層を、光学的に透明な接着剤OCA 8171で、J型熱電対が表面に埋め込まれ3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着されたアルミニウムプレートに、積層ラミネートし、放射冷却プレートRCP5を作り出した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、アルミニウム放射冷却プレートRCP5の下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。表面にJ型熱電対が埋め込まれ、3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着された別の裸のアルミニウムプレートを、対照用放射冷却プレートとして使用した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、対照用アルミニウム放射冷却プレートの下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。周囲空気温度17.8℃で、2つの放射冷却プレートを正午に太陽の下に置いた。1時間の温度平衡化の後に、対照用放射冷却プレートの温度は25.6℃と測定され、放射冷却プレートRCP5の温度は16.7℃、すなわち、周囲温度よりも2.1℃低く測定された。
ナノ構造化防汚フルオロポリマーフィルムを、実施例5に記載した微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムの上面にラミネートした。KYNAR 710 PVDFフルオロポリマーをナノ高精細キャスト工具に対して押し出して、図3に示される表面構造を作り出すことによって、表面構造化防汚フィルムを作製した。PVDFを毎時90.9kgの速度、204℃の温度、毎秒0.44メートルのライン速度で押し出した。次いで、防汚表面化微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムを、J型熱電対が表面に埋め込まれ3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着されたアルミニウムプレートに、ラミネートし、放射冷却プレートRCP6を作り出した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、アルミニウム放射冷却プレートRCP6の下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。表面にJ型熱電対が埋め込まれ、3M 425 HD 6127-41アルミニウム裏当テープで接着された別の裸のアルミニウムプレートを、対照用放射冷却プレートとして使用した。厚さ1インチのStyrofoam断熱材を、対照用アルミニウム放射冷却プレートの下に置いて地面から熱絶縁した。周囲空気温度21.7℃で、2つの放射冷却プレートを正午に太陽の下に置いた。1時間の温度平衡化の後に、対照用放射冷却プレートの温度は37.7℃と測定され、放射冷却プレートRCP6の温度は20.6℃、すなわち、周囲温度よりも1.1℃低く測定された。
ナノ構造化防汚フルオロポリマーフィルムを、実施例3に記載した微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムの上面にラミネートした。Kynar 710 PVDFフルオロポリマーをナノ高精細キャスト工具に対して押し出して、図3に示される表面構造を作り出すことによって、表面構造化防汚フィルムを作製した。PVDFを毎時90.9kgの速度、204℃の温度、毎秒0.44メートルのライン速度で押し出した。次いで、防汚表面化微多孔性フルオロポリマーフィルムを、図12に示されるように、3M CompanyからOCA 8171として入手した光学的に透明な接着剤を使用して、Toray Plastics(America)Inc.(North Kingstown,Rhode Island)からLUMIRROR XJSA2として入手した厚さ188ミクロンのミクロ空隙PETフィルムにラミネートした。
Claims (30)
- 反射性微多孔層の第1の主面に固定された防汚層を備え、前記反射性微多孔層は、第1のフルオロポリマーを含み、400~2500ナノメートルの範囲の波長の過半にわたって電磁放射を拡散反射し、前記防汚層は、前記反射性微多孔層とは反対側に外向き防汚表面を有する、複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記防汚層とは反対側で前記反射性微多孔層に固定された補助的な反射性微多孔層を更に備える、請求項1に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記補助的な反射性微多孔層が、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、多糖類、又はポリエチレンテレフタレートのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項2に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記外向き防汚表面が軸線に沿って延びており、前記軸線を含む平面が、前記層の断面を画定し、前記表面と交差して2次元で前記表面を表現する線を画定し、前記層が、
前記線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される一連のミクロ構造であって、前記線が、前記軸線に沿って交互する一連のミクロピーク及びミクロスペースを画定し、各ミクロスペースが、前記軸線から最大で30度の角度を画定する最大絶対勾配を有し、各ミクロピークが、第1の平均勾配を画定する第1のミクロ区間と、第2の平均勾配を画定する第2のミクロ区間とを有し、前記第1の平均勾配と前記第2の平均勾配との間に形成される角度が最大で120度である、一連のミクロ構造と、
前記線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される複数のナノ構造であって、前記線が、前記軸線に沿って少なくとも前記ミクロスペース上に配置される少なくとも一連のナノピークを画定する、複数のナノ構造と、を含み、
各ナノピークが高さを有し、かつ対応する各ミクロピークが、前記ナノピークの前記高さの少なくとも10倍の高さを有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。 - 前記ミクロピークの前記第1の平均勾配が正であり、前記ミクロピークの前記第2の平均勾配が負である、請求項4に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロピークの前記第1の平均勾配の絶対値が、前記ミクロピークの前記第2の平均勾配の絶対値に等しい、請求項4又は5に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記外向き防汚表面が軸線に沿って延びており、前記軸線を含む平面が、前記層の断面を画定し、前記外向き防汚表面と交差して2次元で前記外向き防汚表面を表現する線を画定し、前記層が、
前記線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される一連のミクロ構造であって、前記線が、前記軸線に沿って交互する一連のミクロピーク及びミクロスペースを画定し、隣接する各ミクロピークと各ミクロスペースとの間の境界が、前記線の屈曲点又は変曲点の少なくとも一つを含む、一連のミクロ構造と、
前記線によって少なくとも部分的に画定される複数のナノ構造であって、前記線が、前記軸線に沿って少なくとも前記ミクロスペース上に配置される少なくとも一連のナノピークを画定する、複数のナノ構造と、を含み、
各ナノピークが高さを有し、かつ対応する各ミクロピークが、前記ナノピークの前記高さの少なくとも10倍の高さを有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。 - 各ミクロスペースの幅が、対応するミクロピーク距離の少なくとも10%、又は少なくとも10マイクロメートルの少なくとも一つである、請求項4~7のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- ミクロピーク間のミクロピーク距離が、1マイクロメートル~1000マイクロメートルの範囲である、請求項4~8のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロピークが、少なくとも10マイクロメートルの高さを有する、請求項4~9のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 各ナノピークが、第1の平均勾配を画定する第1のナノ区間と、第2の平均勾配を画定する第2のナノ区間とを含み、前記ナノピークの前記第1の平均勾配と前記ナノピークの前記第2の平均勾配との間に形成される角度が最大で120度である、請求項4~10のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ナノピークの前記第1の平均勾配の絶対値が、前記ナノピークの前記第2の平均勾配の絶対値とは異なる、請求項11に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記複数のナノ構造が、前記ミクロピーク上に更に配置される、請求項4~12のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 各ナノピークがナノピーク距離を画定し、前記対応するミクロピークが、前記ナノピーク距離の少なくとも10倍のミクロピーク距離を画定する、請求項4~13のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- ナノピーク間の最大ナノピーク距離が、1ナノメートル~1マイクロメートルの範囲である、請求項4~14のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ナノピークが、少なくとも1つのマスキング要素を含む、請求項4~15のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記マスキング要素が、最大で1マイクロメートルの直径を有する、請求項16に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロピークが、高さ又は形状の少なくとも1つにおいて不均一である、請求項4~17のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記反射性微多孔層が、第1のフルオロポリマーを含み、300~3000ナノメートルの範囲の波長の過半にわたって電磁放射を拡散反射する、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記複合冷却フィルムが、8~13ミクロンの波長範囲にわたって少なくとも0.9の電磁放射の平均吸光度を有する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記外向き外向き防汚表面が、ミクロ構造化表面に重ねられたナノ構造化表面を有する、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ナノ構造が、イオンエッチングプロセスによって少なくとも部分的に形成されている、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記防汚層が第2のフルオロポリマーを含む、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記反射性微多孔層が、ミクロ空隙フィルムを含む、請求項1~23のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロ空隙フィルムが、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、及びフッ化ビニリデンを含むモノマーのコポリマーを含む、請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロ空隙ポリマーフィルムが、白色の無機粒子を更に含む、請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロ空隙ポリマーフィルムが、ポリマー粒子を更に含む、請求項1~26のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ポリマー粒子が、芳香族ポリエステルを含む、請求項1~27のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 前記ミクロ空隙ポリマーフィルムの前記第1の主面とは反対側の第2の主面に固定された赤外線反射層を更に備え、前記赤外線反射層が、8~13ミクロンの波長範囲にわたって少なくとも0.5の平均反射率を有する、請求項1~28のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルム。
- 基材に固定された、請求項1~29のいずれか一項に記載の複合冷却フィルムを備え、前記防汚層が、前記反射性微多孔層よりも前記基材から遠くにある、物品。
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US11878493B2 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2024-01-23 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | High modulus, high thermal conductivity radiative passive coolant |
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