JP2022531007A - 睡眠呼吸障害を改善するためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
睡眠呼吸障害を改善するためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
図1を参照すると、システム10は、植え込み可能な刺激機20(本明細書では「神経変調リード」とも称される)および外部コントローラ100を含み得る。コントローラ100は、電磁誘導を介して刺激機20に電力供給することができる。刺激機20は、アンテナ32を有する電力受信機30を含み得る。アンテナ32がコントローラ100の電力マット112の上に位置付けられたときに、電力伝送アンテナ112によって生成された電場内で、電流がアンテナ32に誘導され得る。アンテナ112および32はそれぞれ、コントローラ100と刺激機20との間の通信を容易にすることもできる。刺激機20とコントローラ100との間のこの電力/通信リンクは、図1の矢印70によって概ね示されている。
図1に示され、上で説明されるように、システム10は、システム構成要素間に様々な通信経路を提供するように構成され得る。例えば、コントローラ100(204参照)およびインターネット208(206参照)に接続されているコンピュータプラットフォーム202は、リモートサーバ216(214参照)から刺激機20自体(70参照)への通信経路を容易にし得る。サーバ216と刺激機20との間の通信経路を、コントローラ100のWiFiリンク210を介して確立することもできる。
・サーバ216から、コンピュータプラットフォーム202、コントローラ100、および/または刺激機20のためのソフトウェア/ファームウェア更新を配信すること。
・サーバ216から、コンピュータプラットフォーム202、コントローラ100、および/または刺激機20によって実装される療法設定/パラメータをダウンロードすること。
・リモートに位置する医師による、療法設定/パラメータ調節/アルゴリズム調節を容易にすること。
・療法セッション中に記録されたデータをアップロードすること。
・システム構成要素全体を通した変更および調節を配信することによって、設定/パラメータの一貫性を維持すること。
システム10を用いて実装される療法アプローチは、刺激機20のみを植え込み、療法の適用中にのみ使用される外部構成要素としてコントローラ100を残すことを伴い得る。これを容易にするために、刺激機20は、電磁誘導を介してコントローラ100によって電力供給されるように構成され得る。動作中、制御ユニット120によって動作する電力マット110を、刺激機20の近傍で患者の外部に位置付けて、マット内に位置するコントローラの伝送アンテナ112を、刺激機の受信アンテナ32の近くに位置付けることができる。システム10がOSAを治療するために使用される実装例では、電力マット110を、患者が睡眠している間に睡眠表面の上または十分に近くに位置付けて、電力アンテナ112によって発生した電磁場の標的体積内に受信アンテナ32の位置を維持することができる。
刺激機は、適用されている特定の療法、および/または刺激療法が適用される部位の解剖学的構造に対して仕立てられ得る、様々な構成を有し得る。刺激機20の例示的な構成を図2に図示する。刺激機20は、電力受信機30、電子機器パッケージ50、および刺激機リード80を含み得る。電力受信機30は、保護用の生体適合性材料の中にパッケージ化されており、かつ内部に取り付けられた、電子機器パッケージ50および電子構成要素52に動作可能に接続される、コイル状の受信機アンテナ32を含み得る。
・刺激機20は、IEEE標準C95.1-2005(参考文献3)で推奨されている磁場への最大許容曝露に関するガイドライン内で動作する。
・受信アンテナ32は、刺激機20からのほぼ連続的な電力消費(10~30ミリワット(mW))を可能にする。
・受信アンテナは、100kHz~2.4GHzのISM(無線周波数スペクトルの産業、科学、医療用帯域)の範囲の周波数で動作する。1つの特定の実装例では、6.78MHzまたは13.56MHzの周波数を使用した。
・受信アンテナ32は、2~3cmの直径を有し、可撓性を維持するために可能な限り薄い。
・刺激機20は、顎下腺の軟組織内の低侵襲性皮下植え込みのために十分小さい。
・刺激機20は、患者の解剖学的構造に適合するように操作され得るように、軟質で可撓性の設計を維持する。
植え込み可能な刺激システム10の他の刺激療法または実装例は、これらの基準の一部またはすべてを変更または調節し、また特定の基準を追加または除去することができる。
からエッチングされ得る。
・ODは、最も外側のターン40の外側エッジ間のコイルにわたって測定されるコイル34、36の直径である。
・コイルピッチPは、任意の2つの隣接するターンの間で測定される、ターン40の間の間隔である。
・コイル幅Wは、各コイルターン40の幅である。
・トレース厚Tは、PCB構築物の基材38上に積層された導電性(Cu)層の厚さによって決定される、ターン40の厚さである。
・コイル間隔Sは、PCB構築物の基材38の厚さによって決定される、コイル34と36と間の距離である。
夜間を通して変化する睡眠位置を考慮するために、電力マット110は、患者の運動を可能にするのに十分な大きさのフットプリントを有しながら、依然として刺激機20に電力を伝達する能力を維持することができる。同時に、外部コントローラ100は、IEEE標準C95.1-2005(参考文献3)で推奨されている磁場への最大許容曝露に関するガイドラインの範囲外に該当するレベルで電磁放射を生成する。
Claims (19)
- 神経変調デバイスであって、前記神経変調デバイスが、
神経変調リードであって、
右部分、左部分、および中間部分を有する、リード本体、
複数の電極であって、前記リード本体の前記左部分の上に配設される電極の左のセット、および前記リード本体の前記右部分の上に配設される電極の右のセット、を含み、前記複数の電極のうちの少なくとも1つが、刺激信号を標的部位に送達するように構成された刺激電極であり、前記神経変調リードが完全に展開されたときに、前記リード本体が、実質的にオメガ形状に向かってバイアスがかけられ、かつ/または前記神経変調リードが完全に展開されたときに、前記リード本体の前記中間部分が、前記電極の左のセットおよび前記電極の右のセットに対して下位の位置に向かってバイアスがかけられる、複数の電極、を備える、神経変調リードを含む、神経変調デバイスと、
アンテナであって、電磁場に配設されたことに応答して誘導電流を生成するように構成された前記神経変調リードに動作可能に連結され、互いに並列に電気的に接続される上部コイルおよび下部コイルを備える、アンテナと、
前記刺激電極を介して刺激信号の印加を制御するための電気構成要素を備える電子機器パッケージと、
外部コントローラであって、前記外部コントローラが、制御ユニット、および前記神経変調リードに電力供給するために前記アンテナに電流を誘導するための電磁場を生成するように励起可能である1つ以上の電力伝送コイルをサポートする電力マット、を備える、外部コントローラと、
前舌筋に隣接して植え込み可能であるように構成され、かつ生理学的データを記録するように構成されている、センサと、
コンピューティングデバイスと、を備え、前記コンピューティングデバイスが、
命令を記憶する非一時的なメモリ、および
プロセッサ、を備え、前記プロセッサが、前記非一時的なメモリにアクセスし、前記命令を実行して、
前記センサによって記録された前記生理学的データを監視すること、
前記生理学的データ内のトリガを識別することであって、前記トリガが、睡眠に関連するコンディションのバイオマーカーとして識別される、識別すること、および
ルールに基づく分類を前記トリガに適用して、前記刺激信号の1つ以上のパラメータを、前記バイオマーカーに基づいて変更すべきかどうかを決定すること、を少なくとも行い、前記刺激電極が、ある期間の間に前記刺激信号を前記標的部位に送達し、前記コンピューティングデバイスからの信号に応答して前記刺激信号の前記1つ以上のパラメータを変更するように構成されている、神経変調システム。 - 前記標的部位が、舌下神経である、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記リード本体の前記それぞれの左右の部分の上にある前記電極の左右のセットの場所が、前記神経変調リードが完全に展開されたときに、前記舌下神経幹、前記舌下神経の遠位分岐、頤舌筋内の水平線維を神経支配する神経分岐、前記頤舌筋内の斜走線維を神経支配する神経分岐、またはこれらの任意の好適な組み合わせを含む、それぞれの左右の刺激標的部位の場所に基づく、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記電子機器パッケージが、前記神経変調デバイス上に位置し、前記アンテナが、前記電子機器パッケージに電流を供給して、前記電子機器パッケージに電力供給するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記神経変調デバイスと通信するように構成されたユーザインターフェースをさらに備え、それにより、前記神経変調デバイスの動作が、前記ユーザインターフェースを介して、少なくとも部分的に制御され得る、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記アンテナが、上部表面および下部表面を有する、基材を備え、前記上部コイルが、前記基材の前記上部表面上に配設される複数のコイルターンを備え、前記下部コイルが、前記基材の前記下部表面上に配設される複数のコイルターンを備え、前記上部コイルおよび前記下部コイルが、互いに並列に電気的に接続される、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記アンテナが、可撓性回路基板から構築され、前記上部コイルおよび前記下部コイルが、前記基材上の導電層からエッチングされ、前記電子機器パッケージが、前記可撓性回路基板の一部分の上に取り付けられた1つ以上の電子構成要素を備え、前記可撓性回路基板が、前記1つ以上の電子構成要素を前記アンテナに電気的に接続するように構成されている、請求項6に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記アンテナが、前記基材を通って延在し、前記上部コイルを前記下部コイルに電気的に接続する、複数のコネクタをさらに備える、請求項6に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記上部コイルおよび前記下部コイルが、互いに重なり合うコイルターンを位置付けるために互いに重なり合うように構成され、前記コネクタが、前記上部コイルおよび前記下部コイルの重なり合うコイルターンを相互接続するように構成されている、請求項8に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記センサが、EMG検知電極であり、前記神経変調リード上に配設される前記複数の電極のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記ルールに基づく分類が、適応型である、請求項1に記載の神経変調システム。
- 前記生理学的データが、前記頤舌筋の相動性活動、前記頤舌筋の持続性活動、またはこれらの両方を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記生理学的データが、前気道の筋肉組織によるEMG活動から取得される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記生理学的データが、呼吸運動、睡眠中の睡眠位置、睡眠状態、またはこれらの組み合わせに相関する、EMG特性信号である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記トリガが、前記生理学的データの少なくとも1つのパラメータの変化を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記トリガが、身体の位置の変化を示す、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記トリガが、呼吸運動中の頤舌筋の相動性活動および/または持続性活動の変化を示す、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記バイオマーカーが、睡眠サイクルの段階に関連し、前記睡眠サイクルの前記段階が、目が覚めている、ノンレム段階1の浅い睡眠、ノンレム段階2の浅い睡眠、ノンレム段階3の深い睡眠、レム睡眠、またはこれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記ルールに基づく分類によって使用されるアルゴリズムの初期ルールが、集団についての過去の値、患者についての過去の値、および/または患者から導出された値に基づいて決定される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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