JP2022530362A - Composite yarns, fabrics containing composite yarns, methods for producing composite yarns and equipment for producing composite yarns. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is a composite yarn, especially for weaving, with at least one fibrous core made of a core material comprising regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers, and a sheath surrounding the fibrous core. The sheath relates to a composite yarn comprising a sheath, which is made of a sheath material, particularly a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, and has a greater axial strength than the core material.

Description

The invention refers to composite yarns, especially for weaving. Further, the invention refers to fabrics containing at least one composite yarn, especially woven fabrics. Further, the invention refers to a method for producing a composite yarn and an apparatus for producing a composite yarn.

Yarns are typically made by spinning fibers of wool, flex, cotton, polyester, elastane or other materials to achieve long strands called yarns or twisted yarns. In particular, the composite yarn according to the invention is used for producing fabrics such as woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. The fabrics according to the invention are used in particular for the production of clothing, preferably jeans fabrics, denim or dungarees.

There are many spinning techniques for spinning fibers known in the art, such as ring spinning, open-end spinning, air jet spinning and friction spinning. However, before the thread can be made, the fibers must be prepared. Fibers in the sense of the present invention include staple fibers having a fixed length and filaments having an amorphous length. In the case of fibers in the form of staple fibers, they can be given from natural sources such as cotton or wool. Filamentous fibers such as nylon filaments and polyester filaments can be produced, for example, by melt spinning. However, in any case, the part that provides the fiber suitable for spinning the fiber into a yarn requires energy and natural resources, and costs are incurred. In order to reduce the cost, energy and / or natural resources for providing the fiber, it is desirable to use regenerated fiber for yarn production.

In the sense of the present invention, the regenerated fibers are up to 25 mm, 23 mm, 22 mm, or 20 mm in length and / or at least 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm or 15 mm in length, especially an average length of 20-25 mm. It is a staple fiber having a dimension. Recycled fibers can be provided, especially in the form of slivers, by cutting and / or separating them from textile products such as textiles and knits, for example. In particular, the regenerated fibers provided by the sliver are usually large quantities of fibers having a fiber length of 10 mm to 25 mm, particularly a fiber length of 20 mm to 25 mm, in particular at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or Has 95% fiber. A problem that arises when using recycled fibers for yarn production is that the resulting yarn has low axial strength due to its staple length. Due to the low axial strength of yarns made from recycled fibers, yarns with high percentages of recycled fibers such as at least 20%, 25%, 30% or 35% cannot be used especially for fabrics. In particular, it cannot be used for jeans fabrics, denim or clothing such as dungarees. A high percentage of regenerated fibers with short fiber lengths leads to a low percentage of regenerated fibers that can be used in yarn production.

An object of the present invention is to provide a yarn that overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages, particularly a yarn containing regenerated fibers, particularly a yarn having an increased content of regenerated fibers, wherein the yarn has an increased axial direction. It has strength, especially sufficient axial strength to be processed in fabric manufacturing processes such as weaving, knitting and dyeing. A further object of the present invention is a composite yarn containing an increased content of regenerated fibers, in particular regenerated fibers, which has increased axial strength and is particularly processed in fabric manufacturing processes such as woven fabrics. It is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a composite yarn having sufficient axial strength.

That object is solved by the characteristics of the independent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, at least one fibrous core made of a core material comprising regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers, which is a composite yarn, especially for weaving. And a sheath that surrounds the fibrous core, wherein the sheath is made of a sheath material, particularly a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, and has greater axial strength than the core material. Composite yarns containing are provided.

The fibrous core in the sense of the present invention is a core containing staple fibers. Staple fibers are clearly delimited length fibers, in particular fibers over 2 mm, 5 mm or 10 mm, and / or up to 500 mm, 200 mm, 150 mm, 100 mm, 80 mm, 60 mm or 45 mm in length. Fiber. Preferably, the staple fibers include fibers having a fiber length of 10 mm to 45 mm. Preferably, the core material is composed of staple fibers. However, the core material may include filaments in addition to staple fibers. In particular, the fibrous core is at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, or 100% staple fiber and / or 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 2%. Consists of less than filament.

Unless otherwise specified, values expressed in percent shall be understood as mass percent in the sense of the present invention.

In the sense of the present invention, the terms core material and sheath material are particularly related to fibers that are part of the core material. In order to compare the axial strengths of the core material and the sheath material, the core material and the sheath material are compared in a state of being separated from the composite yarn. The axial strength of the core material can be measured, for example, by measuring the axial strength of the fibrous core before the fibrous core is surrounded by a sheath. Alternatively, the strength of the core material can also be measured by separating the fibrous core from the already produced composite yarn. The strength of the core material can then be measured by measuring the strength of at least one fibrous core.

The strength of the sheath material can also be measured by separating the fibers forming the sheath material from the composite yarn, forming the sheath material on the sheath yarn, and measuring the axial strength of the sheath yarn. However, it is considered that not only the production of the composite yarn but also the separation of the sheath material from the composite yarn affects the axial strength of the sheath material and the axial strength of the core material.

The strength of the sheath material can be measured, in particular, by using a device for enclosing the fibrous core with a sheath in order to produce a yarn composed only of the sheath material. A preferred device for producing such sheathed yarns for measuring the axial strength of the sheath material is the ring spinning device described in detail below.

In the sense of the present invention, the axial strength of the core material and the axial strength of the sheath material are the strengths of the respective materials in the longitudinal direction of the fibers forming the respective materials. In particular, the strength of the core material and the strength of the sheath material can be compared by the breaking load of each material. In particular, a material with a higher breaking load is a material with a higher breaking load. The breaking load is the axial force applied to each material or leading to the breaking of each material. Breaking in the sense of the present invention specifically means that each material breaks into two parts.

There are many test methods and equipment known in the art for measuring breaking loads of fibers, filaments, threads and rovings. For example, the USTER TENSOR RAPID-3 device (Uster, Switzerland) can measure, for example, the elasticity, breaking load, etc. of a thread or filament. An example of the test apparatus is described in WO2012 / 062480A2, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axial strength is indicated by the breaking tensile strength. The breaking tensile strength can be calculated by dividing the breaking load by using the linear densities of the sheath material and the core material. According to this preferred embodiment of the invention, the material having the greater breaking tensile strength is the material having the greater axial strength. Tensile strength is usually measured in grams per denier. Thus, the unit "gram" represents the strength applied to break the yarn and the unit "denier" represents the linear density. Of course, the linear density can also be measured by other units such as tex, Nm, Ne. One of ordinary skill in the art knows how to adapt the formula for calculating the tensile strength according to the unit indicating the linear density.

Since the yarn count affects the axial strength of the obtained yarn, by comparing the yarns having a preferable yarn count as in the case of the obtained hybrid yarn, the axial strength of the core material and the axial strength of the sheath material can be compared. It is preferable to compare. As shown below, the preferred yarn count of at least one fibrous core is 30 Ne, and the preferred yarn count of the hybrid yarn is 10 Ne. Therefore, in order to compare the axial strength of the core material and the axial strength of the sheath material, the axial strength of the core yarn having a yarn count of 30 Ne is compared with the axial strength of the sheath yarn having a yarn count of 10 Ne. Is preferable. In order to be able to compare the results, it is preferable to compare the axial strengths by tensile strength, especially by breaking tensile strength.

Further, since the spinning technique used for the production of the yarn particularly affects the axial strength of the obtained yarn, the core material and the respective sheath yarns are used for each core yarn and each sheath yarn produced by the spinning technology preferable for the production of the hybrid yarn. It is preferable to compare the sheath materials. As will be described later, the preferred spinning technique for at least one fibrous core yarn is an open-end spinning technique, and the preferred spinning technique for spinning a sheath around at least one core yarn is a ring spinning technique. Therefore, it is preferable to compare the core yarn produced by open-end spinning with the sheath yarn produced by ring spinning.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axial strength of the sheath material is at least 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% or 150% greater than the sheath material strength. Preferably, the axial strength of the core material is 2 cN / tex to 12 cN / tex, particularly 4 cN / tex to 10 cN / tex, and more particularly 6 cN / tex to 8 cN / tex. Alternatively or additionally, the axial strength of the sheath material is 8 cN / tex to 20 cN / tex, particularly 10 cN / tex to 18 cN / tex, and more particularly 12 cN / tex to 16 cN / tex. Alternatively or additionally, the axial strength of the composite yarn is 6 cN / tex to 20 cN / tex, particularly 9 cN / tex to 17 cN / tex, and more particularly 11 cN / tex to 15 cN / tex.

The axial strength, expressed in cN / tex, preferably relates to breaking tensile strength. The difference in axial strength, expressed in%, preferably relates to a comparison of the breaking tensile strength of the core material and the breaking tensile strength of the sheath material. Of course, considering the difference between the thread count of the sheath material and the thread count of the core material, the difference in the axial strength can be further increased. For example, a sheath material having a thread count of 10 Ne corresponds to a thread count of 60 tex, and a thread count of a core material of 30 Ne corresponds to a thread count of about 20 tex. Therefore, a sheath material having a breaking tensile strength of 6 cN / tex and a yarn count of 30 Ne has a breaking strength of 120 cN in particular. A sheath material having a breaking tensile strength of 12 cN / tex and a yarn count of 10 Ne will have a breaking strength of 720 cN. In this example, the sheath material will have a breaking tensile strength that is 100% greater than the breaking tensile strength of the core material. However, the total breaking strength of the sheath material is 500% higher than the total breaking strength of the core material. Those skilled in the art will know how to calculate the difference in total axial strength based on the preferred yarn counts of the sheath and core materials described below.

The inventor of the present invention has surprisingly found that surrounding the fibrous core with a sheath of a sheath material having a greater axial strength than the core material improves the overall axial strength of the composite yarn. rice field. Surprisingly, according to the concept of the invention, even a composite yarn containing a high content of regenerated fibers, for example up to 20%, 25%, 30% or 35% regenerated fibers, is woven. It has been found that it can still be manufactured with sufficient overall axial strength to be processed into fabrics such as cloth. The axial strength of the sheath material can be increased by reducing the content of short fibers, especially regenerated fibers, in the sheath material and / or by increasing the average fiber length of the sheath material. It was found that there was. Furthermore, it has been found that the overall axial strength of the composite yarn can be increased by producing at least one fibrous core by open-end spinning. Therefore, it is particularly preferred to combine the following second, third and / or fourth aspects of the invention with the first aspect of the invention, and vice versa.

Cellulose fibers are, in particular, fibers made of cellulose ethers or esters, which can be obtained from plant bark, trees or leaves or other plant-derived materials. In addition to cellulose, the fibers may specifically contain hemicellulose and lignin. The cellulose fibers used can be particularly natural or produced cellulose fibers. For example, natural cellulose fibers in the form of cotton fibers, silk fibers, and / or linen fibers can be used. Cellulose fibers produced are, in particular, fibers produced by processing plants into pulp and extruding the pulp in the same manner as synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon. For example, the cellulose fibers produced can be used in the form of rayon fibers and / or viscose fibers.

Synthetic fibers are, in particular, fibers that are chemically synthesized by humans. Synthetic fibers are generally made by extruding fiber-forming materials into the air and water via spinnerets to form the fibers. Synthetic fibers can be made from crude oils and intermediates, including petroleum, coal, limestone and water, for example. As the synthetic fiber, for example, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, acrylic fiber, spandex fiber, aramid fiber, T400, and / or glass fiber can be used.

Due to the increased axial strength of the composite yarn, the composite yarn can be treated by pretreatment such as dyeing before weaving the yarn. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite yarn is processed into a yarn, which is raw silk, sulfur yarn, dyed yarn, reactive dyed yarn, indigo (ring) dyed yarn, pigment dyed yarn, direct dyed yarn, indanthrone. Dyed yarn, acid dyed yarn, natural dyed yarn, etc. Preferably, the core material can be colored or remain raw. Additional or alternative, the sheath material can be dyed before the sheath material is surrounded by a fibrous core, and in particular can also be indigo dyed.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the composite yarn, especially for weaving, is at least one fibrous core made of regenerated fibers, in particular a core material containing regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers. A sheath that surrounds a fibrous core, wherein the sheath is made of a sheath material having a lower content of regenerated fibers than the core material, particularly a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers. including.

Low content regenerated fibers may also include no regenerated fibers, especially in the sheath material. However, it has been found that even in a sheath material containing regenerated fibers, if the content of the regenerated fibers in the sheath material is lower than the content of the regenerated fibers in the core material, the axial strength of the composite yarn can be increased. ..

The content of regenerated fibers in the core material and in the sheath material is preferably measured in weight percent.

The content of regenerated fibers in the core material and in the sheath material is, in particular, weighed the amount of regenerated fiber for the core material for a particular length of composite yarn, eg 1000 m, and of the sheath material or of the same length. It can be measured by measuring the amount of regenerated fibers for the composite yarn.

In order to increase or decrease the content of regenerated fibers in the core material and in the sheath material, unused fibers such as staple fibers longer than the regenerated fibers or filaments can be introduced into the core material or sheath material.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheath material has at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% longer than filaments, i.e. indefinite length fibers, or regenerated fibers. It is composed of staple fibers that have.

Surprisingly, even with a maximum 30% regenerated fiber content in the sheath, the rest of the sheath is long fibers, eg fibers and / or filaments longer than 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm or 40 mm. , Are found to be able to provide sufficient axial strength of the composite yarn for processing by weaving techniques.

In order to provide a composite yarn having a high content of regenerated fibers, it has been found advantageous to provide a fibrous core in which the core material is composed of 100% regenerated fibers. In such embodiments, the sheath material is particularly preferably free of regenerated fibers.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the core material is composed of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% regenerated fibers, preferably up to 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm. Alternatively, it is composed of regenerated fibers having a fiber length of 10 mm. Additional or alternative, the sheath material is composed of less than 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% or 2% regenerated fibers, particularly free of regenerated fibers, preferably up to 25 mm, 20 mm. It is composed of regenerated fibers having a fiber length of 15 mm or 10 mm.

In embodiments where the core material is composed of less than 100% regenerated fibers, the rest comprises or is composed of fibers or filaments that are longer than the regenerated fibers.

The second aspect of the present invention can be advantageously combined with the first aspect of the present invention to increase the axial strength of the core material, thereby increasing the axial strength of the composite yarn.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, at least one fibrous core made of a core material containing regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers, and a sheath surrounding the at least one fibrous core. The sheath is made of a sheath material having an average fiber length larger than that of the core material, particularly a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, and a composite yarn, particularly for weaving. Is provided.

A larger average fiber length of the sheath material can be achieved, for example, by the second aspect of the invention, i.e. by providing a sheath material having a lower content of regenerated fibers than the core material. For example, the sheath material can be free of regenerated fibers and the core material can be composed of 100% regenerated fibers, whereby the average fiber length of the sheath material is greater than the average fiber length of the core material. This in particular leads to sheathing materials that have greater axial strength than core materials. However, independent of the content of regenerated fibers, composite yarns with increased axial strength are also achievable, especially by using sheaths having a larger average fiber length than the core material. For example, both the sheath material and the core material may be composed of the same content of regenerated fibers, for example, 30%. Thereby, by using fibers with a larger average fiber length for the rest of the sheath material, a sheath material with a larger average fiber length can be realized. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to achieve a sheath material with a larger average fiber length by using a regenerated fiber having a larger average fiber length with respect to the sheath material than the fiber length of the regenerated fiber of the core material. ..

However, use a core material substantially composed of fibers having a fiber length within the low fiber length range, and a sheath material substantially composed of fibers having a fiber length within the high fiber length range. It is preferable to use it. Substantial means at least 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% fiber in this context. Preferably, the low fiber length range is 5 mm to 32 mm, more preferably 10 mm to 28 mm, and most preferably 20 mm to 25 mm. Preferably, the high fiber length range starts at least 26 mm, more preferably 28 mm, 30 mm or 32 mm, most preferably 34 mm or 36 mm. Preferably, the sheath is composed of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, or 100% fibers or filaments.

According to a preferred embodiment, the core material has an average fiber length of less than 26 mm to 32 mm, preferably less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the sheath material has an average fiber length greater than 26 mm to 32 mm, preferably greater than 26 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm or 36 mm.

In particular, in combination with the fourth aspect of the invention described below, surprisingly, the use of fibers having an average fiber length of less than 26 mm to 32 mm, preferably less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm. However, it has been found that the core material provides increased axial strength of the fibrous core as compared to the fibrous core having a larger average fiber length. Surprisingly, the use of fibers having an average fiber length of 10 mm to 15 mm with respect to at least one axial core is sufficient to be processed, especially in combination with the fourth aspect of the invention, especially in weaving techniques. It has been found that composite yarns with high axial strength can be obtained.

Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to combine the third aspect of the present invention with the fourth aspect of the present invention, which will be described later.

According to a preferred embodiment, the composite yarn has an average fiber length of at least 2 mm, 5 mm or 10 mm. This is particularly important because when two staple fibers are used, the production of yarns from these fibers becomes more difficult and the axial strength of the resulting fibrous core is particularly low.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the composite yarn, especially for weaving, is at least one fibrous core made of a core material containing regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers. The core is a sheath made of at least one fibrous core manufactured by open-end spinning; a sheath material, in particular a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, wherein the sheath is by spinning. Includes a sheath, which surrounds at least one fibrous core, especially by ring spinning. Surprisingly, it has been found that by producing at least one fibrous core by open-end spinning, the strength of the fibrous core can be significantly increased compared to other spinning techniques. In particular, the use of open-end spinning techniques for the production of fibrous cores allowed the use of more recycled fibers compared to other spinning techniques such as ring spinning, the same or increased. It was found to lead to the axial strength of at least one fibrous core. In addition, surprisingly, open-end spinning techniques can improve axial strength by using recycled fibers with shorter lengths than required by other spinning techniques such as ring spinning. Was found. For example, when a fibrous core is made by ring spinning, the length of the fiber in the core material is usually 26 mm to 45 mm. Surprisingly, in particular, fibrous cores are produced by open-end spinning from core materials containing or composed of fibers having fiber lengths less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm and / or fibers having a fiber length of at least 10 mm, 15 mm or 20 mm. Doing so results in a fibrous core with greater axial strength than when using fibers with larger fiber lengths, such as fiber lengths greater than 26 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm or 36. Was found. Particularly good results can be obtained by using the core material for open-end spinning according to the first, second and / or third aspects of the invention, especially according to their preferred embodiments.

In order to rotate the sheath around at least one fibrous core, the fibrous core usually requires minimum axial strength because the fibrous core is normally tensioned during the rotation of the sheath around the core. It was found that there was. If the axial strength of at least one fibrous core is not high enough, attempting to rotate the sheath around the fibrous core will particularly damage the fibrous core due to tensile stress. Surprisingly in this regard, using open-end spinning techniques, even fibrous cores composed of up to 100% regenerated fibers and with an average claim director of 10 mm to 15 mm in tension are subsequently It has been found that it can be manufactured with sufficient axial strength to be processed into composite yarns in the spinning operation of.

However, even with the axial strength of at least one fibrous core achieved by open-end spinning techniques, the fibrous core can be treated in weaving manufacturing steps such as weaving itself and pretreatment steps such as yarn dyeing. May not be enough.

Therefore, a composite yarn having sufficient axial strength is provided so that the fibrous core is surrounded by a sheath and processed for the production of fabrics such as woven fabrics. The sheath material has a greater axial strength than the core material in particular, whereby the axial strength of the composite yarn is increased by surrounding the fibrous core with the sheath.

In particular, the axial strength of the composite yarn can be substantially imparted by the sheath surrounding the core. In particular, the sheath has a role for two purposes. The first is to increase the axial strength of the composite yarn, whereby the composite yarn can be processed in a fabric manufacturing process such as in a dyeing process and a weaving process. The second is to surround the fibrous core so that the fibers of the core remain in the composite yarn, especially when the core is damaged during processing of the composite yarn. In particular, the term "enclose" is understood as enclosing or encapsulating the fibrous core in the circumferential direction with respect to the length of the fibrous core. In particular, the sheath retains the fibrous core, especially compressing the core to prevent the core from being damaged and / or separated from the composite yarn when processing the composite yarn.

For the purposes of the invention of the present invention, the fibrous core is sufficiently axially strong to prevent breakage, especially during the machining steps surrounding the core with a sheath material, especially during spinning, and especially during ring spinning. Just need to provide. When at least one core is surrounded by the sheath material, the axial strength of the composite yarn can be substantially provided by the sheath material. When the term "substantially" is used in this regard, it means that most of the axial strength of the composite yarn is provided by the composite yarn, in particular at least 70%, 90%, 95% or 100%. In particular, at least one fibrous core may even weaken the composite yarn due to its relatively small axial strength, which weakness can be compensated for by the sheath surrounding the core.

Surprisingly, for open-end spinning of fibrous cores, use short fiber length fibers such as those described above for core materials, and described fiber lengths for sheath materials, etc. It has been found that it is particularly advantageous to use fibers with a larger average fiber length, or filaments for rotating the sheath around the fibrous core, especially by ring spinning.

Ring spinning and open-end spinning are described in more detail below in connection with the method according to the eighth and seventh aspects of the invention and in connection with the apparatus according to the eighth aspect of the invention. .. The composite yarn of the invention according to the first, second, third and / or fourth aspect of the invention is carried out by the method according to the eighth and seventh aspects of the present invention and / or by the apparatus according to the eighth aspect of the present invention. It is clear that it can be manufactured and structured.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one fibrous core is a yarn of 40 ± 20Ne, preferably 30 ± 10Ne, more preferably 30 ± 5Ne, most preferably 30 ± 3Ne or 30 ± 1Ne. Have a count. Alternatively or additionally, the sheath has a yarn count of 20 ± 15Ne, preferably 15 ± 10Ne, more preferably 15 ± 5Ne, most preferably 15 ± 3Ne or 15 ± 1Ne. Alternatively or additionally, the composite yarn has a yarn count of 15 ± 14Ne, preferably 10 ± 9Ne, more preferably 10 ± 5Ne, most preferably 10 ± 3Ne or 10 ± 1Ne.

Surprisingly, it was found that higher yarn counts of the fibrous core, especially compared to the yarn counts of the sheath, result in increased strength of the composite yarn. In the sense of the present invention, a larger yarn count means a higher value in the unit Ne (Number English). This is particularly surprising as the axial strength of the yarn produced by spinning, especially by open-end spinning, is usually inversely proportional to the yarn count of Ne. In particular, usually, when the yarn count in Ne of the yarn is reduced, the axial strength of the yarn is increased. However, this surprising effect may be explained by the peculiarity of the present invention that it is the sheath rather than the fibrous core that enhances the axial strength of the composite yarn. By reducing the yarn count, the mass per length of the sheath material can be increased, thereby increasing the axial strength of the sheath material without particularly affecting the desired yarn count of the composite yarn. Can be done. This particularly contributes to the peculiarities of the present invention, whereby the sheath rather than the at least one fibrous core provides the axial strength of the composite yarn. This is because the production of at least one fibrous core by open-end spinning has a relatively large Ne such as 40 ± 20Ne, 30 ± 10Ne, 30 ± 5Ne, 30 ± 3Ne or 30 ± 1Ne for at least one fibrous core. A fourth aspect of the invention that allows the production of fibrous cores having sufficient axial strength to be processed in subsequent steps to surround at least one core with a sheath, even if it has a yarn count of It is particularly advantageous in the combination of.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite yarn is composed of at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 35% core material. Additional or alternative, the composite yarn is composed of up to 80%, preferably up to 70%, more preferably up to 65% sheath material. Surprisingly, the present invention makes it possible to produce composite yarns with up to 35% core material, which are still sufficiently axially strong to be processed into fabrics, especially by weaving. Was found. For the present invention, a fibrous core composed of 100% regenerated fibers can also be produced and can be surrounded by a sheath, so that a composite yarn having a maximum of 35% regenerated fibers can be provided. be. Especially in combination with the fourth aspect of the present invention, 35% regenerated fiber having an average fiber length of less than 10 mm to 15 mm or an average fiber length in the range of 10 mm to 15 mm or in the range of 20 mm to 25 mm. The composite yarn can also be provided, and the composite yarn still has sufficient axial strength to be processed into the fabric, especially by weaving.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheath material is composed of at least 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% staple fibers and / or filaments. In particular, the sheath material can be a combination of staple fibers and filaments. For example, the sheath material can include up to 95% staple fibers and up to 5% filaments, whereby the filaments particularly enhance the axial strength of the core material. The staple fibers of the sheath material preferably have a larger average fiber length than the regenerated fibers, as described above and below. Preferably the staple fiber of the sheath In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite yarn comprises at least one subsheath that surrounds at least one fibrous core, and the subsheath is a subsheath material, particularly a subsheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers. , And the subsheath preferably surrounds at least the core so that the subsheath is contained in at least one fibrous core and sheath. Additional or alternative, the subsheath material is preferably composed of at least 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, or 100% staple fibers or filaments. The subsheath can, for example, surround the fibrous core prior to surrounding the fibrous core with a sheath material such that the subsheath is surrounded by, in particular, at least one fibrous core and sheath. This is because, for example, the fibrous core has a relatively low axial strength that is not sufficient to surround the sheath material with a relatively high linear density around the fibrous core, for example, a yarn count of 15Ne. It is advantageous if you have it. In such a case, the fibrous core can be previously surrounded by a sub-sheath material having a lower linear density, for example, a yarn count of 30 Ne, and the sub-sheath material enhances the axial strength of the fibrous core. The fibrous core with increased axial strength can then be surrounded by a sheath material with a higher linear density, such as a thread count of 15 Ne.

A subsheath surrounded by at least one fibrous core and sheath has the subsheath adjacent to at least one fibrous core inside it radially outside the core axis and adjacent to the sheath outside the radial direction of the core axis. Can mean that.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite yarn comprises at least two, three, four or five of at least one fibrous core made of a core material containing regenerated fibers, preferably. The core material of each fibrous core is at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% regenerated fiber, preferably a regenerated fiber having a maximum fiber length of 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm or 10 mm. Consists of. In one embodiment, each fibrous core comprises substantially the same content of regenerated fiber. In the sense of the present invention, the term substantially the same content shall include deviations of up to ± 10%, 5% or 3% in particular. However, fibrous cores can also have different contents of regenerated fibers. Alternatively or additionally, the fibrous core can have substantially the same or different yarn counts.

In particular, one, more or all fibrous cores can be manufactured and / or structured by at least one fibrous core described above and below. However, when more than one fibrous core is used, the yarn count may be adapted so that the group of fibrous cores has substantially the same yarn count as the preferred yarn count of one fibrous core. Especially advantageous. In particular, the fibrous cores can be aligned substantially parallel to each other or twisted around each other. If more than one fibrous core is used, one or more fibrous cores can be surrounded by a subsheath before the fibrous cores are aligned or twisted together. In embodiments where the fibrous core is surrounded by a subsheath, the subsheath can form a sheath around the fibrous core, especially after the cores are aligned or twisted around each other. However, preferably, even when the fibrous core is surrounded by a subsheath, the fibrous core is preferably further surrounded by a sheath. Thereby, the axial strength of the resulting composite yarn can be particularly increased and / or the fibrous cores can be prevented from being separated from each other during the dough manufacturing process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite yarn further comprises at least one, in particular at least two, three, four or five additional cores. The at least one additional core is, in particular, at least one additional filament core, eg, at least one elastic filament core and / or at least one inelastic filament core. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one additional core is, in particular, at least one additional fibrous core made of the additional core material, the additional core material being a lower regenerated fiber than the core material. At least 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, or 100% staple fiber or having an average fiber length smaller than that of the core material and / or having a fiber length greater than that of regenerated fiber. It is composed of filaments.

The filament core in the sense of the present invention is a core composed of one filament. Filaments in the sense of the present invention are, in particular, single fibers of unlimited length, produced, for example, by melt spinning. Additional core materials can specifically include staple fibers and / or filaments. Additional cores containing filaments include multiple filaments, such as at least one, two, three, or four filaments that are aligned with each other, in particular twisted substantially parallel or around each other. Can include. In particular, some of the filaments contained in the additional core material can be twisted around the aligned filament while other filaments contained in the additional core material are aligned with each other.

An elastic filament in the sense of the present invention is particularly capable of extending at least about twice its initial length, i.e., the package length. After stressing the elastic filament by stretching it at least about twice its initial length, an elastic recovery of at least 90% to 100% occurs. Elastic recovery is a parameter of elastic filaments. The elastic recovery as a percentage represents the ratio of the length of the elastic filament after the tensile stress is released to the length of the elastic filament (package length) before receiving the tensile stress. Elastic recovery with a high percentage, i.e. 90% to 10 pulls, is believed to provide elastic capacity to substantially return to the stressed initial pulling length. In this regard, the inelastic filament is defined by a low percentage of elastic recovery, i.e. the inelastic filament substantially returns to its initial length if elongation is achieved at least twice its initial length. I can't.

The percentage elastic recovery of the filament can be tested and measured according to standard ASTMD3107, the entire contents of which standard ASTMD3107 is expressly incorporated herein by reference. The test method ASTMD3107 is a test method for fabrics made from yarn. Of course, the elastic recovery of the yarn itself can deviate from the test results of the fabric. However, yarn testing methods and equipment can be used to measure filaments and / or yarns individually. For example, the aforementioned USTER TENSOR RAPID-3 device (Uster, Switzerland) can be used to measure the rate of elastic recovery of filaments and / or yarns.

Typical examples of elastic filaments are polyurethane fibers such as elastin and spandex, and those filaments having similar elastic properties. In general, elastic elastants in the sense of the invention may be stretched, in particular (eg, as elongation at break) to at least 300% or 400% of the package length. Package length is understood as the initial length or original length of the elastic filament while essentially no tensile force is applied. Examples of elastic filaments in the sense of the invention are Dowxla, Dorlastan (Bayer, Germany), Lycra (Invista, USA), Clerrspan (Globe Mfg. Co., USA), Glospan (Globe Mfg. Co., USA), Spandaven (USA). Gomelast CA (Venezuela), Rocia (Asahi Chemical Ind, Japan), Fujibo Spandex (Fuji Spinning, Japan), Kanebo LooBell 15 (Kanebo Ltobi, Japan), Kaneboro Ltd (Japan) , Operan (Toray-DuPont Co. Ltd.), Espa (Toyoba Co.), Aseran (Teakwang Industries), Texlon (Tongkook Synthetic), Toplon (Hyosung) Including, but not limited to. In general, these elastic filaments provide sufficient elastic properties as the basis for the yarn. It should be noted that elastic filaments made of polyolefin can also be used.

An inelastic filament in the sense of the invention is a filament that cannot be stretched beyond its maximum length without permanent deformation, said maximum length being less than 1.5 times its package length. Representative materials for inelastic control filaments and examples of such filaments are T400, PBT, polyester, nylon and the like.

The addition of at least one additional filament core in the composite yarn of the invention is particularly useful for increasing the axial strength of the composite yarn. In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one filament core may be an elastic filament core. Alternative or additional to the increase in unidirectional strength of the composite yarn, the use of additional elastic filament cores can be particularly helpful in enhancing the elastic behavior of the composite yarn. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one additional filament core can be an inelastic filament core. As an alternative or in addition to the increased axial strength of the composite yarn, the use of inelastic filament cores specifically results in the axial elongation of the composite yarn in response to the axial force applied to the composite yarn. Helps to limit. The at least one additional filament core can be aligned particularly substantially parallel to the at least one fibrous core, especially in the form of an inelastic filament core or an elastic filament core, and / or. Can be twisted around at least one fibrous core. Additional or alternative, at least two filament cores, such as two elastic filament cores, can be twisted around each other, and at least one fibrous core in their twisted form. Can be aligned substantially parallel to. Additional or alternative, two elastic filament cores can be twisted around one inelastic filament core and aligned with at least one fibrous core in their twisted form. Can be made to. The use of at least two elastic filament cores, and the use of at least two elastic filament cores in combination with at least one inelastic filament core, is described in EP3061856A1, which is incorporated herein by reference. The incorporation of EP3061856A1 specifically relates to the filamentary cores described therein and the advantages achieved with respect to the elasticity and strength of the threads containing such filamentous cores. Further, the incorporation of EP3061856A1 includes the methods and devices described herein for making such filamentous cores and for enclosing such filamentous cores in a sheath. It is clear that the incorporation of EP3061856A1 is related to the addition of such filamentous cores to at least one fibrous core in the sense of the present invention.

Preferably, the composite yarn of the invention is a core spun yarn, in particular a core spun yarn having at least one fibrous core and a sheath containing staple fibers and optionally filaments. The sheath of the core spun yarn can be, in particular, a fibrous sheath that may contain staple fibers and filaments, or a staple fiber sheath that is composed of 100% staple fibers.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a fibrous core specifically enclosed by a sheath to provide a composite yarn. The fibrous core consists of at least 5%, especially 10%, short fibers having a maximum fiber length of 25 mm and at least 10%, especially 20% or 30%, long fibers having a fiber length greater than 25 mm. , Spun. Further provided is a composite yarn comprising at least one fibrous core according to a fifth aspect of the invention and a sheath surrounding at least one fibrous core, especially for weaving. The fibrous core of the invention according to the fifth aspect of the invention can be described above and below in the embodiment of the composite yarn. However, it is understood that the fifth aspect of the invention relates to a fibrous core that does not necessarily have to be combined with the sheath. In contrast, the embodiments described above and below enclose the fibrous core as such and, additionally or alternatively, enclose the composite yarn with the fibrous core and sheath. do.

A fifth aspect of the invention can be combined with one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh aspects of the invention and vice versa. The same is true. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath is made as described in combination with one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, sixth and seventh aspects of the invention. Can be In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath can be made as described in one or more of the preferred embodiments described above and below. Thereby, the fibrous core and / or sheath does not necessarily have to be made according to the particularly essential features of the first, second, third, fourth, sixth and seventh aspects of the invention. Rather, fibrous cores and / or sheaths can be made according to the individual characteristics described in their respective embodiments. In particular, the fibrous core can be made of a core material, particularly the core materials described above and below. In such cases, the core material is at least 10% short fibers with a maximum fiber length of 25 mm and at least 28 mm fiber length, as described for at least one fibrous core of the fifth aspect of the invention. Can be spun with at least 30% of staples having. In particular, the sheath can be made of a sheath material, in particular the sheath material described above and below.

Staples in the sense of the fifth and eighth aspects of the present invention are, in particular, fibers having a maximum fiber length of 25 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the staples have fiber lengths of up to 24 mm, 23 mm, 22 mm or 20 mm and / or at least 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm or 15 mm, especially from 20 mm. It can be a fiber with an average length of 25 mm. However, in the sense of the sixth and ninth aspects of the invention, the staples may be longer than 25, especially 32 mm or 28 mm at maximum. The staples can be, in particular, the recycled fibers mentioned above. However, staple fibers can also be unused fibers. The long fibers in the meaning of the fifth and eighth aspects of the present invention are fibers having a fiber length of particularly larger than 25 mm, particularly at least 26 mm, 27 mm, 28 mm, 29 mm, 30 mm, 31 mm or 32 mm.

A problem that usually arises when using staples with respect to yarn production is that the resulting yarn has low axial strength due to the short fiber length of the staples. Therefore, such threads are usually not usable for fabrics, especially for jeans fabrics, denim or dungarees and other garments. However, the inventor of the present invention, in particular, the combination of short fibers and long fibers described above and below in the sense of the fifth, sixth, eighth and / or ninth aspects of the invention is more than 5% in denim production. It has also been found to make it possible to use composite yarns with cores containing staples with a large content, especially greater than 10%.

Unless otherwise specified, values expressed in percent shall be understood as mass percent in the sense of the present invention.

Cores spun with at least or the largest proportion of fibers, especially short fibers, long fibers, used fabric fibers and / or artificial fibers, are particularly such that the core is composed of at least each fiber of this percentage value. Understood. However, this does not necessarily mean that the core cannot have additional components compared to these fibers. For example, a core spun with at least 5% short fibers and at least 10% long fibers may contain 85% of other fibers, such as the third group of fibers described below. However, such cores can also be composed only of staples and long fibers.

The content of fibers of a particular length, especially short fibers, long fibers, used fabric fibers and / or artificial fibers, can be measured specifically by one or more of the following methods: A sample of a particular length, such as a length of 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm or 500 cm, can be a cutout of a fibrous core or composite yarn. The fibers of this sample can be separated from each other. The length of each fiber can then be measured, for example, using a microscope. You can then count the number of fibers with a particular length in the sample. By this method, samples of different cores or threads with the same sample length can be compared for the content of fibers with a particular length. For example, all fibers with a length of 20 mm to 25 mm are counted. The total number of fibers in the sample can then be counted. In particular, minimum lengths such as 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm are defined for the fibers to be counted so that very short fibers that are difficult to identify and count can be excluded from the measurement. sell. The number of fibers having a length of 20 mm to 25 mm can then be divided using the total number of fibers, especially longer than the minimum length. For example, with a 100 cm seed, 500 fibers with a fiber length of 20 mm to 25 mm can be counted, while the total number of fibers longer than 10 mm can be 5000. This results in a fiber content of 10% of the fibers having a length of 20 mm to 25 mm. In the sense of the present invention, the content of fibers in a composite yarn of a particular length or in a fibrous core is the ratio of such lengths or lengths and the total number of fibers, especially 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 4 mm. Can refer to the quotient of fibers, with the total number of fibers longer than 2, 2 mm or 1 mm. Additional or alternatively, the weight of the fibers may be used to compare the percentage values in order to compare the content of the fibers of a particular length. By the above method, this can be achieved by considering the length, thickness and / or density of the fibers in the calculation. Additional or alternative, fibers of a particular length or length ratio may be separated from the remaining fibers. The weight of the fiber having a particular length or length ratio can then be divided using the total weight of the sample.

In particular, in one embodiment of the fibrous core according to the fifth and eighth aspects of the invention, at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of the staple fibers are 10 mm to 25 mm, more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm. Most preferably, it has a fiber length of 20 mm to 25 mm.

In particular, in one embodiment of the fibrous core according to the fifth and eighth aspects of the invention, at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of long fibers are 25 mm to 50 mm, preferably 28 mm to 42 mm. More preferably, it has a fiber length of 32 mm to 38 mm.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a fibrous core particularly enclosed by a sheath is provided to provide the composite yarn. The fibrous core is spun with at least 5% short fibers and at least 10% long fibers, which are at least 2 mm longer than the short fibers. Further provided is a composite yarn specifically for weaving, comprising at least one fibrous core according to a sixth aspect of the invention and a sheath surrounding at least one fibrous core. In the above and below, the fibrous core of the invention according to the sixth aspect of the invention can be described in the embodiment of the composite yarn. However, it is understood that the sixth aspect of the invention relates to a fibrous core that does not necessarily have to be combined with the sheath. Conversely, the embodiments described above and below enclose the fibrous core as is, and additionally or alternatively, enclose the composite yarn having the fibrous core and the sheath.

A sixth aspect of the invention can be combined with one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh aspects of the invention and vice versa. The same is true. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath is described in combination with one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and seventh aspects of the invention. Can be made. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath can be made as described in one or more of the preferred embodiments described above and below. Thereby, the fibrous core and / or sheath does not necessarily have to be made according to the particularly essential features of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and seventh aspects of the invention. Rather, fibrous cores and / or sheaths can be made according to the individual characteristics described in their respective embodiments. In particular, the fibrous core can be made of a core material, particularly the core materials described above and below. In such cases, the core material can be spun with at least 5% staples and at least 10% long fibers, as described for at least one fibrous core of the sixth aspect of the invention. Long fibers are at least 2 mm longer than short fibers. In particular, the sheath can be made of a sheath material, particularly the sheath materials described above and below.

In particular, in one embodiment of the sixth and / or ninth aspect of the invention, at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of the staple fibers are 10 mm to 32 mm, preferably 15 mm to 28 mm, more preferably. Has a fiber length of 20 mm to 25 mm. Additional or alternative, at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, or 95% of the long fibers have fiber lengths of 25 mm to 50 mm, preferably 28 mm to 42 mm, more preferably 32 mm to 38 mm. Have.

In particular, in one embodiment of the sixth, seventh, eighth and / or ninth aspect of the invention, at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of the long fibers are at least more than the staples. 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm or 40 mm longer. Additional or alternative, at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of the long fibers are 2 mm to 40 mm, preferably 3 mm to 30 mm, more preferably 5 mm to 20 mm, more than the staples. Most preferably 7 mm or 10 mm to 15 mm, long.

In particular, in one embodiment of the sixth, seventh, eighth and / or ninth aspects of the invention, the staples are recycled fibers, especially used fabric fibers. Additional or alternative, short fibers are natural fibers, especially cotton and / or wool fibers, and / or artificial fibers, especially synthetic and / or regenerated natural fibers, of the same material or of different materials. It is composed of fibers.

Particularly in one particular embodiment of the sixth, seventh, eighth and / or ninth embodiment, the long fibers are industrial fibers such as synthetic fibers and / or regenerated natural fibers. Additional or alternative, long fibers are regenerated fibers.

An understanding of natural fibers, artificial fibers and regenerated fibers and preferred embodiments thereof will be described in detail with the seventh and tenth aspects of the invention. It is clear that this understanding and the described embodiments of these fibers are also applicable to one or more of the sixth, seventh, eighth and / or ninth aspects of the invention.

In particular, in one embodiment of the sixth, seventh, eighth and / or ninth aspect of the invention, the fibrous core is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50%. Spun with short fibers. Additional or alternative, fibrous cores are spun with at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 50% long fibers.

In particular, in one embodiment of the sixth, seventh, eighth, and / or ninth aspects of the invention, the fibrous core is spun with at least 60% staple fibers. Additional or alternative, fibrous cores are spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40% long fibers. Alternatively, the fibrous core is spun with at least 65%, 67%, or 70% short fibers. Additional or alternative, fibrous cores are spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% long fibers.

In particular, in one embodiment of the sixth, seventh, eighth and / or ninth aspect of the invention, the fibrous core is composed of short fibers, long fibers and third group of fibers, and the fibrous core is the largest. Is spun with 85%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3% or 1% of third group fibers. In particular, the fibrous core according to this embodiment is composed only of long fibers, short fibers and third group fibers. The third group of fibers can be, in particular, different from the short and / or long fibers according to one or more embodiments of these fibers. For example, in the embodiment where the short fibers have a fiber length of 10 mm to 25 mm and the long fibers have a fiber length of 32 mm to 50 mm, the fibers of the third group are fibers having a length of 1 mm to 9 mm and It can be a fiber having a length larger than 50 mm. Additional or alternative, for example, if short fibers are designated as cotton fibers while long fibers are designated as polyester fibers, the third group of fibers are fibers of all kinds of other materials. Can be included.

The third group of fibers can include one material group such as artificial or natural fibers, one single material such as polyester or cotton, or fibers of different materials. In particular, the third group of fibers is composed of one or more of the above and below examples relating to regenerated fibers, virgin fibers, artificial fibers, used fabric fibers, and / or these fibers. To. However, preferably, the third group of fibers is composed of polyester fibers or cotton fibers.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, a fibrous core particularly surrounded by a sheath is provided to provide the composite yarn. The fibrous core is spun with at least 5% used fabric fiber and at least 10% artificial fiber. Further provided is a composite yarn comprising at least one fibrous core according to a seventh aspect of the invention and a sheath surrounding at least one fibrous core, especially for weaving. In the above and below, the fibrous core of the invention according to the seventh aspect of the invention can be described in the embodiment of the composite yarn. However, it is understood that the seventh aspect of the invention relates to a fibrous core that does not necessarily have to be combined with the sheath. On the contrary, the embodiments described above and below include fibrous cores as such, and additionally or alternatively, include composite yarns having fibrous cores and sheaths.

A seventh aspect of the invention can be combined with one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth aspects of the invention and vice versa. be. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath is described in combination with one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth aspects of the invention. Can be made. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath can be made as described in one or more of the preferred embodiments described above and below. Thereby, the fibrous core and / or sheath does not necessarily have to be made according to the particularly essential features of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth aspects of the invention. Rather, fibrous cores and / or sheaths can be made according to the individual characteristics described in their respective embodiments. In particular, the fibrous core can be made of a core material, particularly the core materials described above and below. In such cases, the core material is spun with at least 5% used fabric fiber and at least 10% artificial fiber, as described for at least one fibrous core material in the seventh aspect of the invention. Can be done. In particular, the sheath can be made of a sheath material, particularly the sheath materials described above and below.

Used fabric fibers are fibers obtained, in particular by separating the staples from the fabric, especially by combing the staples from the fabric using an opening roller. Artificial fibers are, in particular, fibers obtained directly by passing a viscous fiber material through a spinneret, and in particular, fibers directly obtained from spinning such as wet spinning, dry spinning or melt spinning. Directly obtained means that the artificial fibers, especially in the fibrous core of the invention, are not recycled from the used fabric. In particular, the artificial fibers are unused fibers, especially virgin fibers. This does not mean that artificial fibers cannot be regenerated fibers. On the contrary, it is more preferred that the artificial fiber is a regenerated fiber, such as a regenerated fiber from a used product such as bottomels. However, after spinning artificial fibers from such used products, they are not used, especially in other fabrics, before using them for the fibrous cores of the invention. That is, the artificial fiber is not particularly used fabric fiber. Used fabric fibers are fibers that are obtained directly, especially by separating them from the fabric. This specifically means that the used fabric fibers are processed into unused fibers without being converted into a viscous solution. Rather, the used fabric fibers are separated from the used fabric, for example by an opening roller, and then used for the production of the core. How to make used fabric fibers and artificial fibers from those skilled in the art, especially from their appearance, their mechanical properties, their chemical composition, and / or previous fibers to used fabric fibers. We know how to distinguish by the presence of dust and color. For example, used fabric fibers can be crimped for their previous use and / or can have a rough surface for separation actions such as by separation by an opening roller. Is.

Artificial fibers are especially synthetic fibers, especially polyester fibers, or regenerated natural fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers. Artificial fibers can be understood, in particular, as fibers whose chemical composition, structure, and / or properties are altered during the manufacturing process. In particular, artificial fibers can be understood as synthetic polymer fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers or polybutylene terephthalate fibers. Additional or alternative, artificial fibers can be understood as regenerated natural fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon fibers and viscose fibers. Lyocell fibers, Tencel fibers, Modal fibers and the like are known as typical examples of regenerated cellulose fibers. It has been found that the use of artificial fibers, especially for long fibers, is particularly advantageous. Especially in combination with the fiber length of the long fibers, the strength and tensile strength of the artificial fibers appear to enhance the axial strength of at least one fibrous core. Surprisingly, the use of artificial fibers, especially with respect to staples, increases the strength of the fibrous core, with at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70% used garment fibers and / or short. It has been found that composite yarns with a fibrous core containing fibers can be used in the production of denim fabrics.

Additional or alternative, artificial fibers and / or long fibers are regenerated fibers. In particular, the artificial fiber is a long regenerated artificial fiber. Preferably, the regenerated artificial fiber is a regenerated synthetic fiber or a recycled regenerated cellulose fiber. Most preferably, the regenerated synthetic fiber is a regenerated polyester fiber.

In the first to fifth aspects of the invention, the long fibers can be natural fibers such as wool fibers and cotton fibers, in particular separating the natural fibers from used woven products such as fabrics, especially from the woven fabrics. It can be obtained by combing the fibers.

Regenerated fibers in the sense of any aspect of the invention can be understood in particular as fibers obtained from used products, especially used fabric products, or used non-fiber products such as bottles. In the case of regenerated fibers obtained from used textile products, the fibers can be obtained by separating the fibers from the fabric. Separation of the fibers from the dough is feasible, especially by combing the fibers from the dough using an opening roller. In the case of regenerated fibers obtained from used non-fiber products, the used products can be turned into viscous materials and can be formed into fibers by spinning as described below. With respect to the aforementioned statements that regenerated fibers can be considered as staple fibers having a length of up to 25 mm, these statements are particularly relevant to regenerated short fibers. Conversely, the regenerated length fiber can also be a staple fiber having a length greater than 25 mm, such as a length of 25 mm to 50 mm, 28 mm to 42 mm or 32 mm to 38 mm.

Additional or alternative, artificial fibers are obtained by spinning by passing a particularly viscous fiber material through a spinneret. The spinning can be wet spinning, dry spinning or melt spinning. Viscous fibrous materials can be obtained, in particular by melting or chemically converting used products, especially used non-fibrous products, into viscous fibrous materials. Used products, especially used non-textile products, can be converted into viscous textile materials. Spinning means, in particular, that viscous fibrous materials are passed through the spinneret, especially pushed forward. Spinnerets have, in particular, fine holes in which viscous fibrous materials are formed into the fibers. After leaving the spinneret, the fibers can be cooled. The cooling can be performed by air cooling as in melt spinning or in a cooling tank as in wet spinning, for example. In a preferred embodiment, long fibers and / or artificial fibers are obtained by converting a used product into a viscous fiber material and spinning the viscous fiber material into long fibers and / or artificial fibers.

In one embodiment of the composite yarn, the staples are regenerated fibers. Recycled staples can be obtained from used fabrics or used non-fiber products. However, preferably recycled staples are obtained from used fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics. In general, the use of regenerated fibers is particularly advantageous as it increases the sustainability of the resulting composite yarn by reducing the consumption of unused fibers. Recycled staples can be any material that can be converted from used products to fibers. The used fabric product can be any material that can be separated from the used fabric in the form of fibers. In particular, recycled staples and / or used fabric fibers can include or be composed of cotton, polyester, nylon, wool, elastane, glass, aramid or carbon. However, preferably the recycled fibers and / or used fabric fibers are made of cotton and / or polyester, most preferably cotton. Additional or alternative, the staples and / or used fabric fibers are obtained by separating the staples from the fabric, especially by combing the staples from the fabric, especially with an opening roller. In particular, staple fibers and / or used fabric fibers are obtained, especially in the form of sliver, by cutting and / or separating them from fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics. In particular, staple fibers and used fabric fibers have a fiber length of 10 mm to 25 mm, particularly 20 mm to 25 mm, and are high content, especially at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% fibers. Can be provided in the form of sliver from fabrics with. In particular, the staple fibers obtained by separating the staple fibers from the used fabric are recycled staple fibers. Alternatively, the staple fibers may be regenerated fibers obtained from spinning as described above for long fibers.

In a preferred embodiment, short fibers and / or used fabric fibers are regenerated short fibers obtained by separating short fibers from used textile products in particular, while long fibers and / or artificial fibers are particularly used. It is a regenerated fiber obtained by converting a finished product into a viscous fiber material and passing this fiber material through a spinneret.

In particular, in one embodiment of the seventh and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the used fabric fiber is a natural fiber, particularly cotton fiber and / or wool fiber, synthetic fiber, particularly polyester fiber, and / or regenerated natural fiber. It is composed of fibers of the same material or different materials, especially regenerated cellulose fibers.

In particular, in one embodiment of the seventh and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the artificial fiber is a synthetic fiber, particularly a polyester fiber, or a regenerated natural fiber, particularly a regenerated cellulose fiber. Additional or alternative, there are regenerated fibers in artificial fibers.

In particular, in one embodiment of the seventh and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the fibrous core is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% used fabric fiber. It is spun. Additional or alternative, fibrous cores are spun with at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 50% artificial fibers.

In particular, in one embodiment of the seventh and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the fibrous core is spun with at least 60% used fabric fiber. Additional or alternative, fibrous cores are spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40% artificial fibers. Alternatively, the fibrous core is spun with at least 65%, 67%, or 70% used fabric fiber. Additional or alternative, fibrous cores are spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30% artificial fibers.

In one embodiment of the seventh and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the fibrous core is composed of used fabric fibers, artificial fibers, and third group of fibers, with the fibrous core being up to 85%. It is spun with 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3%, or 1% fibers of the third group. The fibers of the third group can include or be composed of the fibers as described above with respect to the fifth and sixth aspects of the invention.

In particular, in any one embodiment of the fifth to tenth aspects of the invention, the fibrous core is a yarn of 10Ne to 40Ne, preferably 15Ne to 35Ne, more preferably 20Ne to 30Ne, most preferably 23Ne to 26Ne. Have a count.

In particular, in any one embodiment of the fifth to tenth aspects of the invention, the fibrous core is made by open-end spinning or by ring spinning.

The invention also relates to a composite yarn comprising at least one fibrous core according to one or more of the fifth to eighth aspects of the invention and a sheath surrounding at least one fibrous core.

In one embodiment, the sheath has a fiber length of particularly greater than 25 mm, or a fiber length of 2 mm longer than the length of the used fabric fibers or staples in the core, at least 50%, in particular at least 60%. Spun with 70%, 90%, or 95% long fibers, preferably at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% long fibers in the sheath, 25 mm to 50 mm, preferably 26 mm. It has a fiber length of ~ 42 mm, more preferably 27 mm ~ 38 mm. Additional or alternative, the long fibers in the sheath are made of the same material, such as natural fibers, especially cotton and / or wool fibers, synthetic fibers, especially polyester fibers, and / or regenerated natural fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers. Or composed of fibers of different materials.

In one embodiment, the composite yarn is made into at least one fibrous core of at least 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% and / or up to 45%, 40% or 35%. Additional or alternative, composite yarns are made into at least 55%, 60%, 65%, and / or up to 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% sheaths. Additional or alternative, the composite yarn has a yarn count of 3Ne to 40Ne, preferably 8Ne to 30Ne, more preferably 10Ne to 18Ne.

In one embodiment, the sheath is spun around the core by ring spinning.

In one embodiment of the composite yarn, the sheath is made of at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, 70%, 90% or 95% long fibers having fiber lengths greater than 25 mm. Preferably, the at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% long fibers in the sheath have fiber lengths of 25 mm to 50 mm, preferably 26 mm to 42 mm, more preferably 27 mm to 38 mm. Additional or alternative, the long fibers in the sheath are cotton fibers or polyester fibers. Preferably, the long fibers in the sheath are cotton fibers. The cotton fiber can be easily dyed with indigo by passing the yarn having a cotton sheath through a dyeing tank containing reduced indigo particularly multiple times and then air-drying the yarn. Therefore, it is particularly preferable.

In one embodiment of the composite yarn, the at least one fibrous core has a yarn count of 10 Ne-40Ne, preferably 15Ne-35Ne, more preferably 20Ne-30Ne, most preferably 23Ne-26Ne. Additional or alternative, the composite yarn is made into at least one fibrous core of at least 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% and / or up to 45%, 40% or 35%. Additional or alternative, composite yarns are made into sheaths of at least 55%, 60% or 65% and / or up to 95%, 90%, 85% or 80%. Additional or alternative, the composite yarn has a yarn count of 3Ne to 40Ne, preferably 8Ne to 30Ne, more preferably 10Ne to 18Ne.

In one embodiment of the composite yarn, at least one fibrous core is made by open-end spinning or ring spinning. Additional or alternative, the sheath is made by ring spinning.

In particular, by spinning fibrous cores by open-end spinning, the content of staples in the core can be increased to 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70%, on the other hand. It was found that the resulting composite yarn was still particularly usable in denim production. Therefore, preferred embodiments of the present invention are at least 20% short fibers and 70% -80% long fibers, preferably at least 30% short fibers and 60% -70% long fibers, more preferably at least 40%. Short fibers and 50% to 60% long fibers, most preferably at least 50% short fibers and 40% to 50% long fibers, or at least 60% short fibers and 30% to 40% long fibers, or Contains at least 70% short fiber. The inventor of the present invention finds that when at least one fibrous core is spun by ring spinning, the staple content in the core is open-end if the resulting composite yarn can be processed in denim production. We have found that it may not increase as much as it does with spinning. However, by combining the inventions of short fibers and long fibers, especially by selecting artificial fibers as the material of long fibers, even if the fibrous core is spun by ring spinning, the content of short fibers in the fibrous core is still high. It can be increased to at least 20%, 30% or 40%, while the resulting composite yarn can still be processed in the production of denim.

Accordingly, preferred embodiments of the present invention particularly include hybrid yarns having a fibrous core spun by open-end spinning or by ring spinning and made into at least 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% staples. .. Further preferred embodiments include hybrid yarns having a fibrous core spun by open-end spinning and made into at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70% short fibers. Preferably, the rest of the fibrous core is substantially composed of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, most preferably at least 95%, 99%, 100% filaments.

In addition to the features described above and below for open-end spinning yarns and ring spinning yarns, open-end spinning yarns can be distinguished from yarns made by ring spinning machines in particular by the following methods. For the manufacture of ring spins, a continuous strand of substantially parallel fibers extending parallel to the strand axis is twisted around the strand axis in a controlled manner to provide ring spin. After twisting, the fibers spiral around the yarn shaft. However, even in this twisted form, the fibers still extend substantially parallel to each other. Therefore, the twist in the ring spinning can be removed by twisting the yarn in the reverse spinning direction. For example, if the ring-spun yarn was spun clockwise around the yarn axis, the twist can be removed by twisting the yarn counterclockwise around the yarn axis. This is also known in the art as the opening of ring spinning. After opening the ring spinning, the fibers again extend substantially parallel to the yarn axis. Contrary to ring spinning, open-end spinning yarns cannot be opened by this method because the fibers are strongly entangled with each other. Therefore, those skilled in the art can immediately recognize whether the yarn is spun by open-end spinning or ring spinning. In particular, unlike open-end spun yarns, the twist of the ring spun yarn can be quantified by a twist measuring instrument or testing machine such as the Uster Zweigle Twist Tester 5.

In a preferred embodiment in which at least one fibrous core is spun by open-end spinning and the sheath is spun by ring spinning, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate its ability to twist and open the yarn in the opposite direction of the twist of the sheath. You will soon recognize the spun sheath. After one of ordinary skill in the art opens the sheath in this way and removes the parallel fibers of the sheath from the fibrous core, one of ordinary skill in the art cannot open it by twisting it, so the fibrous core is made by open-end spinning. You will soon understand what is being done. In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize open-end spinning cores due to the characteristics of the open-end spun yarns described above and below and their differences from those of ring spinning.

The invention also relates to a fabric comprising at least one composite yarn according to the invention, particularly a woven fabric. The composite yarn contained in the fabric of the invention is produced by one or more of the first to seventh aspects of the invention and / or by the method of the eighth, ninth, tenth or eleventh aspect of the invention. Thereby and / or by being manufactured by the apparatus according to the twelfth aspect of the invention.

The dough can be constructed in particular from the composite yarns of the invention of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100%. Additional or alternative, the composite yarn of the invention can be used as a weft and / or warp of a woven fabric. Additional or alternative, the composite yarns of the invention may be used as the respective two, three, four or five warp and / or weft yarns of the fabric. can.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a step of providing a regenerated fiber, particularly a regenerated cellulose fiber and / or a regenerated synthetic fiber, which is a method for producing a composite yarn, especially for weaving, and a regenerated fiber. An open-end spinning step to provide at least one fibrous core, a step to provide sheathed fibers, in particular cellulose sheathed fibers and / or synthetic sheathed fibers, and spinning the sheathed fibers around at least one fibrous core. A method is provided that comprises, in particular, ring spinning to produce a sheath that surrounds the core.

The method of the invention enables the production of the composite yarn of the invention. It is clear that the method of the invention is feasible so that the composite yarns of the inventions described above and below can be produced.

The fibrous core in the sense of the present invention can be defined, in particular, as an aggregate of continuous fibers held together by twisting the fibers around each other. The twist can generally be produced by a variety of spinning techniques, such as ring spinning and open-end spinning. The differences and advantages of ring spinning and open-end spinning and their respective spinning techniques are described below.

In particular, it is advantageous to provide regenerated fibers with an average fiber length of less than 26 mm to 32 mm, preferably less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm, for open-ended spinning of fibrous cores. Was found. Surprisingly, using regenerated fibers with an average fiber length of at least 10 mm, 15 mm or 20 mm and / or less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm is more surprising than using longer fibers for open-end spinning. It has been found to result in greater axial strength of the resulting fibrous core.

For providing sheathed fibers, fibers having an average length greater than 26 mm to 32 mm, preferably fibers having an average fiber length greater than 26 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm or 36 mm, and / or 80 mm. , 60 mm or fibers with an average fiber length of less than 45 mm, have been found to be advantageous.

According to a ninth aspect of the invention, a fibrous core, in particular the invention, particularly surrounded by a sheath, to provide a composite yarn, in particular a composite yarn according to one or more of the first to fourth aspects of the invention. A method for spinning a fibrous core, according to one or more of the fifth to seventh aspects, is provided. The method comprises a step of providing short fibers having a maximum fiber length of 25 mm, a step of providing long fibers having a fiber length of more than 25 mm, and a step of mixing short fibers and long fibers. It comprises spinning fibers and long fibers into a fibrous core having at least 5%, in particular at least 10% short fibers and at least 10%, in particular at least 20% or 30% long fibers.

According to a tenth aspect of the invention, which can be combined with a ninth aspect of the invention and vice versa, composite yarns, in particular composites by one or more of the first to fourth aspects of the invention. To provide a yarn, a method of spinning a fibrous core, particularly enclosed by a sheath, in particular a fibrous core according to one or more of the fifth to seventh aspects of the invention, is provided. The method comprises a step of providing the staples and a step of providing the staples, the staples being at least 2 mm longer than the staples. Further, the method is a step of mixing the staples and the long fibers and a step of spinning the mixed staples and the long fibers into a fibrous core having at least 5% short fibers and at least 10% long fibers. And include.

In particular, in one embodiment of the ninth and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the mixing step is carried out in a mixing station such as a multi-mixer in a blowroom, in particular the mixing is carried out particularly by a pick-up roller, short fibers and length. Including feeding the fibers from separate fiber feeders onto the transport means, especially on the transport belt, especially the mixed staples and long fibers are transported to the carding station and said said mixed short fibers and longs. The fibers are formed into tufts that will be processed into fibrous cores in subsequent spinning steps.

In particular, in one embodiment of the ninth and / or tenth aspect of the invention, prior to the mixing step, the method comprises fibers that are too short in short fibers, such as fibers smaller than 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm or 5 mm. Find and find fibers that are too short in long fibers, such as fibers smaller than 32 mm, 31 mm, 30 mm, 29 mm, 28 mm, 27 mm, 26 mm or 25 mm, and / or from long fibers in long fibers, such as 50 mm, 42 mm or 38 mm. Clean the fibers, and / or the short fibers and / or the long fibers, by removing dust from the fibers, such as too short fibers or too long fibers, darts and / or other foreign substances. And / or washing short fibers and / or long fibers, and / or drying short fibers and / or long fibers, preferably one or one of these steps. Multiple will be carried out in the blow room.

In particular, in one embodiment, according to the ninth and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the spinning step is particularly composed of mixed staples and long fibers, particularly tufts formed from mixed staples and long fibers. Including drafting by at least one carding frame, in particular the drafted staples and long fibers are spun into the fibrous core by at least one, preferably at least two, fly frames. ..

In particular, in one embodiment of the ninth and / or tenth aspect of the invention, the step of spinning the mixed staples and long fibers into a fibrous core is performed by open-end spinning.

According to an eleventh aspect of the invention, a fibrous core, in particular the invention, particularly surrounded by a sheath, to provide a composite yarn, in particular a composite yarn according to one or more of the first to fourth aspects of the invention. A method for spinning a fibrous core, according to one or more of the fifth to seventh aspects, is provided. The method consists of a step of providing used fabric fibers, a step of providing artificial fibers, a step of mixing used fabric fibers and artificial fibers, and at least spinning the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers. Includes a step to make a fibrous core with 5% used fabric fiber and at least 10% artificial fiber.

In particular, in one embodiment of the eleventh aspect of the invention, the mixing step is carried out in a mixing station, such as a multi-mixer, in a blowroom, in particular the mixing is carried out, especially by a pick-up roller, from used fabric fibers and artificial fibers. In particular, used fabric fibers and artificial fibers are transported to a carding station to feed the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers from separate fiber supply units onto the transport means, especially on the transport belt. Form into a tuft that will be processed into a fibrous core in subsequent spinning steps.

In particular, in one embodiment of the eleventh aspect of the invention, the method finds fibers that are too short in used fabric fibers, such as fibers smaller than 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm or 5 mm, and are too short in artificial fibers. Find fibers, such as fibers smaller than 32 mm, 31 mm, 30 mm, 29 mm, 28 mm, 27 mm, 26 mm or 25 mm, and / or find long fibers in artificial fibers, such as fibers longer than 50 mm, 42 mm or 38 mm. Steps and / or cleaning of used fabric fibers and / or artificial fibers by removing dust from the fibers, such as fibers that are too short or fibers that are too long, darts and / or other foreign matter. And / or a step of cleaning used fabric fibers and / or artificial fibers, and / or a step of drying used fabric fibers and / or artificial fibers, preferably one or one of these steps. Multiple will be carried out in the blow room.

In particular, in one embodiment of the eleventh aspect of the invention, the spinning step comprises a mixed used fabric fiber and artificial fiber, in particular a tuft formed from the mixed used fabric fiber and artificial fiber, in particular at least. It involves drafting by one carding frame, in particular the drafted used fabric and artificial fibers are spun into a fibrous core by at least one, preferably at least two, fly frames.

In particular, in one embodiment of the eleventh aspect of the invention, the step of spinning the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers into the fibrous core (3) is performed by open-end spinning.

In particular, in one embodiment of the eleventh aspect of the invention, the step of providing the used fabric fibers comprises separating the fibers from the fabric, especially by combing the fibers out of the fabric, especially by an opening roller. / Or the step of providing the artificial fiber comprises spinning the viscous solution into the artificial fiber, in particular by feeding the viscous solution through a spinneret.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a composite yarn, particularly for weaving, particularly a composite yarn according to one or more of the first to fourth aspects of the invention. The method comprises spinning at least one fibrous core according to one or more of the eighth to eleventh aspects of the invention and spinning a sheath around at least one fibrous core.

In one embodiment, the step of spinning a sheath around at least one fibrous core is performed by ring spinning.

The method according to the ninth, tenth and / or eleventh aspects of the invention aspect of the invention can enable the production of the composite yarn and / or the fibrous core of the invention. In particular, the method of the invention can be carried out so that the composite yarn of the invention as described above and described later can be produced. Furthermore, the methods according to the ninth, tenth and / or eleventh aspects of the present invention can be combined with each other. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath can be made as described in one or more of the first to seventh aspects of the invention. In particular, the fibrous core and / or sheath can be made as described in one or more of the preferred embodiments described above and below. Thereby, the fibrous core and / or sheath does not necessarily have to be made according to the essential features of the first to seventh aspects of the invention. Rather, fibrous cores and / or sheaths can be made according to the individual characteristics described in their respective embodiments. In particular, the fibrous core can be made of a core material, particularly the core materials described above and below. In such cases, the core material spans at least 10% short fibers with a maximum fiber length of 25 mm and at least 30% length with a fiber length greater than 25 mm, as described for at least one fibrous core. Can be made into fibers. In particular, the sheath can be made of a sheath material, particularly the sheath materials described above and below.

In one embodiment of the method, the step of providing the staples comprises separating the staples from the dough, among other things, by combing the staples from the dough, especially using an opening roller.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of combining the staples and the long fibers, particularly mixing them into a core material, wherein at least one fibrous core is made by spinning the core material into at least one fiber. Made by making it a sexual core.

In particular, combining short fibers and long fibers into a core material can be done in a blow room, also known as a blend room. In particular, combining the staples and the long fibers into a core material can include the step of opening the compressed bale of the staples and the compressed veil of the long fibers. Additional subsequent or alternative, the matching step finds fibers that are too short in the staples, eg fibers smaller than 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm or 5 mm, and fibers that are too short in the staples, eg 32 mm, 31 mm. It can include finding fibers smaller than 30 mm, 29 mm, 28 mm, 27 mm, 26 mm or 25 mm, and / or finding long fibers in long fibers, such as fibers longer than 50 mm, 42 mm or 38 mm. Additional subsequent or alternative, the matching step involves cleaning the staples and staples by removing dust from the fibers, such as fibers that are too short or too long, dirt and / or other foreign matter. be able to. Additional subsequent or alternative, the matching step can include mixing long and short fibers and blending them into the core material.

After combining the staples and long fibers into the core material, the method can include the step of carding the core material. Carding is, in particular, a mechanical process in which the core material is separated, washed and mixed into a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing. This can be achieved in particular by passing the core material between differently moving surfaces covered with a card covering. It is capable of decomposing unorganized lumps and locks of fibers, in particular, and then aligning the individual fibers parallel to each other.

Before the step of spinning the staples and long fibers into at least one fibrous core, preferably after the step of combining the staples and long fibers into a core material and after the step of carding, the staples and long fibers, The core material, preferably the core material, can be treated by a draw frame, preferably by two draw frames. In particular, when the staples and long fibers are spun into at least one fibrous core by ring spinning, the staples and long fibers can be processed by the fly frame following the draw frame and prior to the spinning operation. .. Also, in the case of ring spinning, the staples and staples can also be processed by a comber machine before they are processed in the draw frame.

In one embodiment of the method, the step of spinning staples and long fibers into at least one fibrous core is performed by open-end spinning.

In one embodiment of the method, the step of spinning a sheath around at least one fibrous core is performed by ring spinning.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, an open-ended spinning device for spinning regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers, into core yarns and sheaths, particularly cellulose fibers and / or synthetics. Provided is a device for producing composite yarns, especially for weaving, equipped with a sheath made of a sheath material containing fibers, and an additional spinning device for spinning around a core yarn, especially a ring spinning device. Will be done.

The apparatus of the invention can be designed to carry out one or both of the methods of the invention, particularly for producing the composite yarns of the invention. Further, one or both of the methods of the invention can be defined so that they can be carried out in the apparatus of the invention.

The ring spinning machine comprises, in particular, a fiber supply such as a sheath or core supply, a draft system, a ring and a drive spindle for winding the spun yarn around the spindle, especially the yarn package. To form. The yarn supply unit can be in the form of roving wound around the yarn supply spindle. In particular, the roving is unwound from the fiber feed spindle and drafted by the draft system. As a result, the weight per length of roving is particularly reduced, and the yarn count in Ne is increased. This is specifically achieved by draft zones within the draft system, including front draft rolls and backdraft rolls, where the surface velocity of the front draft roll is greater than the surface velocity of the backdraft roll. The draft of roving in the sense of the present invention represents, in particular, the reduction of fibers in the cross section of roving. For example, having 20,000 fibers in cross section before the draft system and roving of the two fibers after leaving the draft system can be represented by 10,000 in the draft.

The front draft roll, in particular, carries a continuous, cohesive continuum of fibers, which is immediately twisted into yarn. This deformation is achieved, in particular, by the interaction of the spindle, ring and traveler. The spindle is rotated, in particular, by spindle drive. In particular, the rotation of the spindle results in a twist added to the flow of fibers delivered by the front roll. In particular, when the yarn is wound around the spindle through the traveler, winding is complete. The traveler moves axially parallel to the spindle axis, in particular to distribute the yarn along the spindle axis.

In particular, a fixing ring is provided around the spindle that holds the traveler. In particular, the roving drawn from the draft system is guided to a spindle through a traveler, at which it is wound into a yarn package. The Traveler specifically works with the spindle to wind the twisted yarn around the spindle. The traveler, in particular, has no physical driving force and moves in the ring, but is carried along by a thread. The number of revolutions of the traveler is particularly lower than the number of revolutions of the spindle, and this difference allows the winding of the yarn in the spindle in particular.

Ring spinning and open-end spinning can be distinguished from each other, in particular by one or more of the following differences: In particular, the fibers of the ring spun yarn are more parallel to each other than the fibers of the open-end spun yarn. In particular, the ring spinning has a compact structure that is essentially free of wrapper fibers or hooked fibers. Particularly intensive fiber movement is affected by the triangular shape of the spinning zone of the ring spinning machine, especially high spinning tensions result in a self-locking structure of the ring spinning, with relative large axial directions of the ring spinning. The result is an axial strength that is greater than the axial strength of the open-end spun yarn, in particular.

Compared to ring spun yarn, rotor spun yarn has a particularly larger twist, especially a 10-15% larger twist. Moreover, the elongation of the rotor spun yarn is particularly greater than that of the ring spun yarn. Moreover, open-end spun yarns are more uniform, especially with respect to their axial strength along the length of the yarn. Moreover, open-end spun yarns are particularly more uniform than ring spun yarns. In addition, open-end spun yarns are particularly less fluffy than ring spun yarns. Also, open-end spun yarns contain, in particular, less waste such as fibers and powders shorter than 2 mm than ring spun yarns. In addition, open-end spun yarns, in particular, have better wear properties than ring spun yarns. Moreover, open-end spun yarns are harder, especially tactilely, than ring spun yarns. In addition, open-end spun yarns have, in particular, less neps than ring spun yarns. On the other hand, the axial strength of the open-end spun yarn is particularly smaller than that of the ring spinning yarn, especially 10% to 20% smaller. Moreover, open-end spun yarns are particularly bulkier than open-end spun yarns. Especially with respect to the fabric, ring spinning has been found to have a dull appearance.

The spindle provides three functions in particular. First, it provides, in particular, a place to wind the yarn to form a yarn package. Second, by rotating the yarn spindle, the spindle results in, in particular, the twist applied to the yarn formed by the front roll. Third, the rotation of the spindle results in, in particular, the yarn pulling the traveler around the ring, thereby adding additional twist to the strands of yarn formed by the front roll.

The production of ring spinning depends in particular on the spindle speed, front roll speed and / or traveler speed. This creates economic limitations for ring spinning in relation to energy consumption and package size. In particular, the energy consumption required to rotate the package is greater than the energy required to twist the yarn formed by the front draft roll. A particular problem in ring spinning is the increase in yarn imperfections in the event of increased production rates, such as inconsistent yarn counts and / or twists per meter along yarn length. In particular, the increase is up to ± 25%. Furthermore, the fluffing of the ring spinning yarn is particularly large as compared with the open-end spinning yarn.

The fundamental difference between ring spinning and open-end spinning is especially in the way they are formed. By ring spinning, the yarn is produced by twisting into a continuous strand of cohesive fibers sent by a front draft roll. In open-end spinning, in contrast, the yarn is formed from individual fibers collected directly from the inner surface of the rotor by torsional force. Therefore, one striking difference is that ring-spun yarns are formed from the outside to the inside, whereas open-ended yarns are formed from the inside to the outside.

The open-end spinning apparatus includes, in particular, a fiber supply unit such as a core material supply unit, a draft system, a twisting system and a packaging system for winding the open-end spinning yarn around the spindle.

The fiber feeder specifically comprises a supply roller for feeding the sliver to the open-end spinning apparatus, the sliver containing regenerated fiber. In particular, the fiber supply unit further comprises a supply plate that limits the passage of the sliver from the fiber supply unit to the draft system, in particular a spring loaded supply plate. In particular, the feed plate pushes the sliver against the feed roller. Sliver is specifically understood as a sliver of already used fiber and is also known as used fiber. The feed roller, in particular, pushes the sliver's fiber whiskers into the draft system. The sliver is urged, in particular, from the can underneath the open-end spinning device to the feed roller via the feed trumpet. The feed roller, in particular, grabs the sliver and pushes it into the area of the opening roller. In particular, the springs are provided to push the feed plate towards the feed roller, thereby pushing the sliver specifically towards the feed roller. When an end-break occurs, the fiber supply is stopped, in particular by stopping the rotation of the supply rollers or by turning the trumpet, whereby the supply of the sliver is stopped particularly automatically. Therefore, a thread sensing arm can be provided. Draft systems include, among other things, mechanical draft systems and pneumatic draft systems. Pneumatic draft systems are specifically located downstream of mechanical draft systems.

In conventional spinning processes such as ring spinning, the fiber feed section, especially in the form of roving, is maintained as a coherent structure and simply decays during spinning. In open-end spinning, the fiber feeder is opened, especially in the form of sliver, especially to individual fibers. This work is mainly done by the opening roller, in particular. The opening roller, in particular, combs the fiber whiskers protruding into the draft system and transports the picked fibers to the transport tube.

Preferably, the mechanical draft system comprises an opening roller for opening the sliver. The opening roller, in particular, comprises a cylinder, and the circumference of the cylinder is provided with needles and sawtooth-shaped teeth for carding fibers from the sliver, which is also known as the opening. In particular, the opening roller combs the fiber whiskers protruding into the draft system, thereby pulling the fiber out of the sliver. Thereby, rear parts such as powders and fibers shorter than 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 4 mm or 2 mm can also be opened from the opening roller and spun into open-end spun yarn, which causes defects in the open-end spun yarn. sell. To improve the quality of the resulting open-end spun yarn, it has a high cleanliness, especially less than 10%, 5%, 3%, 1%, preferably less than 0.5% or less than 0.1%. It has been found that it is advantageous to use a sliver, which has the maximum amount of waste. In order to further reduce the amount of waste in the resulting open-end spun yarn, it has been found advantageous to open slivers with large amounts of fibers with short fiber lengths, especially less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm. Alternatively or additionally, a waste output unit can be provided to separate the waste from the fibers used for open-end spun yarn in the twisting system.

In open-end spinning equipment, a pneumatic draft system can be placed downstream of the mechanical draft system. Pneumatic draft systems can include, in particular, transport tubes, through which the fibers are transported to the twisting system. Preferably, the pneumatic draft system is a pneumatic draft system. Thereby, the fibers can be affected by turbulence, in particular as they flow through the transport tube, resulting in poor fiber orientation. Poor orientation can, in particular, weaken the resulting open-end spun yarn, so it is desirable to avoid poor fiber orientation. Poor orientation is understood in particular as an orientation that deviates from the preferred substantially parallel arrangement of fibers. Staples, especially those with a fiber length of less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm, have been found to be less likely to be misaligned than long fibers, thereby using a sliver with staples in particular. It is possible to enhance the orientation of the fibers in. The enhanced orientation is understood in particular as the orientation of the fibers in which the fibers are more parallel to each other. Furthermore, it was found that the fiber orientation can be enhanced by designing the draft device so that the air flow velocity in the transport pipe is higher than the surface velocity of the opening roller. It has been found that it is particularly advantageous to design the draft system so that the air flow velocity is 50% to 300% higher than the surface velocity of the opening roller. To obtain such high speed airflow, the inside of the rotor of the twisting system can be operated under particularly decompressed pressure (ie partial vacuum), which allows the rotor to generate its own vacuum (self). Pumping effect) This can be achieved by designing a rotor with radial holes. Alternatively, the external pump can be used to create a vacuum in the rotor. Additional or alternative, the transport tube can be designed in a shape that tapers towards the rotor so that the fibers can accelerate as they approach the inner surface of the rotor. Thereby, the misorientation of the fibers, especially in the transport tube, can be further reduced.

Preferably, a continuous layer of fibers is laid on the inner surface of the rotor, which is also known as "doubling" or "back doubling" as described below. Such doubling particularly reduces and particularly evens out minor irregularities in the yarn. In particular, doubling contributes to the low irregularity and greater uniformity of open-end spun yarn.

Separation of draft action and twisting action in open-end spinning contributes to the uniform quality of open-end spun yarn, in particular compared to ring spinning. If you look at the rotor spun yarn under a microscope, you will notice that there are many fibers that are not completely tied to the yarn, especially along the yarn axis. These fibers have a free end that wraps itself around the perimeter of the thread. This is a characteristic especially for open-end spun yarns. These fibers are commonly referred to as "fiber belts" or "wrapper fibers". Although wrapper fibers are technically flawed, it has been found that they form a tight belt around the open-end spun yarn, which can give the open-end spun yarn greater strength and a smoother surface. ..

In the transport tube, in particular, an air flow for further transporting the fibers to the rotor is required. The air flow can be created by a fan that draws in air, in particular by sucking air through a hole in the rotor. The rotor is preferably sealed as closely as possible to facilitate production under pressure. The airflow in the transport tube specifically lifts the fibers from the surface of the opening roller and guides them to the rotor. Preferably, the movement of the fibers is accelerated by the convergent shape of the transport tube. Thereby, the fibers are specifically drafted additionally. Moreover, the partial straightening of the fibers is particularly achieved by air flow. In particular, by adjusting the ambient speed of the rotor to several times the speed of the fibers in the transport tube, a third draft occurs when the fibers arrive at the wall of the rotor. This is especially useful for arranging the fibers substantially parallel to each other. In particular, another straightening of the fibers occurs as the fibers enter the rotor groove from the rotor wall under the influence of the centrifugal force provided by the rotor.

The opening roller can be driven, in particular, at 5000-10000 rpm. The rotor can be driven, in particular, at 50,000 to 200,000 revolutions per minute or about 100,000 revolutions per minute. The delivery speed, i.e., the speed at which the open-end spun yarn is pulled out of the rotor, can be set in particular to 50-500 m / min, 100-400 m / min or 150-250 m / min. The number of twists per meter of open-end spun yarn can be set to, in particular, 150-300 twists per meter, in particular 200-250 twists per meter. The draft of the open-end spun yarn can be adjusted, in particular, from 25 to 400. The rotor diameter can be selected, in particular, from 32 to 65 mm.

In particular, one of the differences between open-end spinning yarns and ring spinning yarns is tighter fiber control due to higher spinning tensions. The result is less fiber transfer in rotor spinning, resulting in a more uniform fiber orientation in the yarn structure, which produces smoother, more uniform yarns, but with lower relative axes. Provides directional strength, especially lower breaking tensile strength. The effect of fiber friction in the rotor groove results in some fibers that are only partially twisted, which in particular contributes to lower yarn strength compared to ring spinning.

Surprisingly, the inventor of the present invention sheathed a fibrous core produced by open-end spinning, which increased the overall strength of the resulting composite fiber, thereby making it particularly in weaving techniques. I found that it would be possible to process.

The combination of the mechanical draft system and the pneumatic draft system can reduce the number of fibers, in particular, from 20000 in the cross section of the sliver to 5-10 in the cross section of the outlet of the transport pipe. This represents a draft of 4000-5000. In order to produce an open-end spun yarn with about 100 yarns, the fibers need to be placed in a continuous layer with a rotor (back doubling). Thereby the overall draft can be increased compared to the draft from the sliver to the output of the transport tube. The overall draft is understood in particular as the ratio between the number of fibers in the sliver and the number of yarns in the resulting open-end spun yarn. For example, an open-end spun yarn having 100 fibers in its cross section, manufactured from a sliver having 20000 fibers in its cross section, has 200 drafts.

Twisting systems for open-end spinning equipment specifically include rotors. In the rotor, the fibers are particularly mechanically twisted into continuous yarn. The torque that results in each twist is applied, in particular, by the rotation of the rotor with respect to the point of the yarn tail in contact with the rotor navel. The amount of twist (revolutions per meter) is determined by the ratio between the rotor speed (rpm) and the pick-up speed (meters / minute).

The packaging in open-end spinning is completely separate, especially from the draft and twisting processes. The separation between packaging and twisting allows the formation of larger yarn packages, especially in ring spinning.

One particular advantage of open-end spinning systems is that shorter lengths of fiber can be spun into yarn compared to ring spinning equipment. Especially for ring spinning, fibers with a length of 26 mm to 45 mm are required. In contrast, in open-end spinning, fibers with a length of 10 mm to 45 mm, in particular a length of 20 mm to 25 mm, can be spun into yarn. This is particularly advantageous because the recycled fibers provided by the already used fabrics, the so-called used fabrics, often have large amounts of 20 mm to 25 mm fibers. Therefore, open-end spinning techniques make it possible to utilize large amounts of regenerated fibers provided by fabrics that are already in use.

Ring spinning specifically comprises three steps: drafting, twisting and winding. However, prior to ring spinning, unused fibers need to be specifically pretreated, for example for blowrooms for opening and cleaning unused fibers, especially for the separation of individual fibers. Need to be pretreated by passing through a carding frame, a drawing frame and / or a flyer, for parallelizing the fibers and / or for forming the fiber tape. In contrast, open-end spinning with regenerated fibers can, in particular, initiate drafts directly from the sliver, thereby reducing costs and energy.

Further, the invention is an apparatus for producing a fibrous core by one or more methods of the ninth to eleventh aspects of the invention or a composite by one or more of the eighth to eleventh aspects of the invention. It relates to a device for manufacturing yarn. In particular, the device is designed to carry out a process according to one or more of these embodiments.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims. Further advantages, features, and properties of the invention will be revealed by subsequent description of preferred embodiments assigned in the drawings below.

Fibrous core seen from the side. An alternative view of the fibrous core seen from the side. A side-view composite yarn showing a fibrous core with a sheath partially fused and surrounded by a sheath. It is an alternative view of the composite yarn seen from the side, showing a fibrous core in which the sheath is partially fused and surrounded by the sheath. Schematic side view of the composite yarn. The schematic top view of the composite yarn of FIG. Schematic side view of the manufacturing process for making the composite yarns shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Schematic side view of a composite yarn containing three fibrous cores. The schematic top view regarding the composite yarn of FIG. Schematic aspects of a manufacturing process step for manufacturing the composite yarns shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Schematic side view of a composite yarn containing a fibrous core and a core of two filaments. Schematic top view of the composite yarn shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of a manufacturing process step for manufacturing the composite yarn shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Schematic side view of a composite yarn comprising a bare fibrous core and two fibrous cores in which a subsheath is twisted across the bare core. The schematic top view about the composite yarn shown in FIG. The schematic side view of the manufacturing process step for manufacturing the composite yarn shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Schematic diagram of an open-end spinning machine. Schematic of a ring spinning machine for producing composite yarns as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIGS. 3 and 4. Schematic of a ring spinning machine for producing composite yarns as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 or 9 and 10. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a ring spinning apparatus for manufacturing a composite yarn as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.

For readability, similar or identical components are referred to below with similar or identical reference numerals. The composite yarn is designated by reference numeral 1. At least one fibrous core is designated by reference numeral 3. The sheath is indicated by reference numeral 5. The fibers contained in at least one core yarn 5 are represented by reference numeral 7'. The fibers contained in the sheath 5 are indicated by reference numeral 7 ″.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a fibrous core 3 spun from fiber 7'by open-end spinning (rotor spinning). It should be noted that the fibers 7 ″ and 7 ″ in the figure are shown only schematically. The difference in length between the regenerated fiber and the staple fiber having a length larger than that of the regenerated fiber shall not be derived from the figure. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the fibers 7'of the core yarn 3 spun by open-end spinning are particularly connected to each other by so-called belt fibers (wrapping fibers) 9. Conversely, the fibrous core fibers 7'manufactured by ring spinning (not shown) do not specifically include belt fibers 9. In particular, the fibers of the fibrous core spun in a ring shape form a smooth spiral winding 11 around the yarn shaft and are arranged substantially in parallel.

FIG. 1a is an alternative view of the fibrous core 3 showing in more detail the characteristics of the yarn spun by open-end spinning. The short fibers are designated by reference numeral 7', and the long fibers are designated by reference numeral 8'. Both the staples 7'and the long fibers 8'can be recycled fibers. So-called belt fibers (wrapping fibers) are designated by reference numeral 9. As can be seen from FIG. 1a, the open-end spun yarn contains loosely packed fibers 7', 8'on its outside, with the loosely packed fibers 7', 8'on the longitudinal axis of the yarn. On the other hand, it extends at a small angle. In contrast, the belt fibers (wrapper fibers) 9 extend at a larger angle of up to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis. Further, unlike ring spinning, the fibers 7'and 8'of open-end spinning do not extend parallel to each other. Rather, they can extend at an angle of about 20 ° to 50 ° with respect to each other.

FIG. 2 shows a composite yarn 1 for weaving in particular, wherein the composite yarn 1 includes a fibrous core 3 made of a core material containing regenerated fiber 7'and a sheath 5 surrounding the fibrous core 3. Includes sheath material. The fibrous core 3 shown in FIG. 2 is spun by open-end spinning, which is particularly recognized by the belt fibers 9 surrounding the fibrous core 3 in the circumferential direction. The sheath 5 of the composite yarn 1 is wound around the fibrous core 3 by ring spinning, especially by a spiral winding 11 in which the sheath 5 is wound around the fibrous core 3. Can be seen.

FIG. 2a shows the composite yarn 1 substantially different from FIG. 2 in that the fibrous core as shown in FIG. 1a is surrounded by the sheath 5 instead of the fibrous core 3 as shown in FIG. It is an alternative diagram. The fibrous core 3 shown in FIG. 2 is spun by open-end spinning, which can be particularly recognized by the characteristic properties of the open-end spun yarn as described above. The sheath 5 of the composite yarn 1 is wound around the fibrous core 3 by ring spinning, which is particularly seen by the spiral winding 11 in which the sheath 5 is wound around the fibrous core 3. Can be FIG. 2a is further different from FIG. 2 in that the sheath has a smaller twist, which is explained by the smaller angle between the sheath fiber 7 ″ and the longitudinal axis of the composite yarn 1. In particular, the sheath fiber 7 ″ is a long fiber having a fiber length larger than 25 mm. Further, the sheath fiber 7 ″ of FIG. 2a is shown as a fine fiber 7 ″ with a spiral winding 11 wound around a composite yarn shaft. Conversely, the sheath fibers 7'' in FIG. 2 are shown as thick fibers 7'' that are spirally wound around their fiber axes in addition to the spiral windings 11 around the composite yarn axis. ..

FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the composite yarn 1 including the fibrous core 3 and the sheath 5, and the spiral winding 11 of the sheath 5 around the fibrous core 3 is not shown. As shown by the fibers 7 ″, the sheath 5 shown in FIG. 3 is preferably composed of staple fibers 7 ″. Although it is not clear from FIGS. 3-14 that the fibrous core 3 is manufactured by open-end spinning and the sheath 5 is manufactured by ring spinning, these are the composite yarns 1 shown therein. It is clear that this is the preferred manufacturing method for.

FIG. 4 shows a top view of the composite yarn 1 of FIG. In FIG. 4, the cross section 13'of the fibrous core 3 is schematically shown by a circle 13'. The cross section 13 ″ of the sheath 5 is schematically shown by a circle 13 ″. The fibers 7'contained in the cross section of the fibrous core 3 are indicated by points 7'. On the contrary, the fibers 7 ″ contained in the cross section 13 ″ of the sheath 5 are indicated by the surface 7 ″. The numbers of the cross sections 13 ′ and 13 ″ and the fibers 7 ′ and 7 ″ in FIGS. It is clear that it only shows how to distinguish it from''. However, the preferred number of fibers 7', 7'' in cross sections 13', 13'' and the relationship between the numbers of fibers 7', 7'' in cross sections 13', 13'' are also these. It cannot be derived from the illustration.

The process step of FIG. 5 shows the integration of the fibrous core 3 with the sheath material in the form of drafted rolling 19. At the integrated station 17, the draft roving 19 is wound around the fibrous core 3 so as to surround the fibrous core 3. In particular, the draft roving 19 is spirally twisted around the fibrous core 3 by the twist insertion 15 to form a spiral winding 11 around the fibrous core 3.

6 and 7 outline the composite yarn 1, which differs from the composite yarn 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in that the composite yarn 1 contains three fibrous cores 3 instead of one fibrous core 3. It is shown as a target.

FIG. 8 schematically shows a manufacturing process step for manufacturing the composite yarn 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Therefore, the three separate fibrous cores 3 are integrated with the draft roving 19 at the integration station 17. Of course, in an alternative embodiment, the fibrous core 3 can be integrated together at a previous integration station (not shown) and then integrated with the draft roving 19.

It is clear that the invention is not limited to the composite yarn 1 having one or more identical fibrous cores 3. For example, the fibrous core 3 can be composed of different proportions of recycled fibers. It is also possible to provide a composite yarn containing, for example, one fibrous core 3 made of regenerated fibers and one or more fibrous cores made of unused staple fibers 7'. Further, embodiments are configured by the invention in which at least one fibrous core 3 is combined with at least one filament core 21, such as an elastic or inelastic filament core.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the fibrous core and / or at least one fibrous core and at least one filament core 21 can be aligned substantially parallel to each other. Thereby, the fibrous cores 3 can be in contact with each other as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, or can be spaced apart from each other in the composite yarn 1. In addition, the fibrous cores 3 can be twisted around each other.

9 and 10 show an embodiment of the invention in which two filament cores 21 are twisted around one fibrous core 3. The filament core 21 can be an inelastic filament core or an elastic filament core. It is also clear that one or more filament cores 21 can be wound around the fibrous core 3 or around the one or more fibrous cores 3. Further, the invention also comprises twisting one or more filament cores around two or more fibrous cores 3 or around at least one fibrous core 3, and at least one filament core 21 being fibrous core 3. It also includes embodiments that are substantially parallel to each other.

FIG. 11 shows a process manufacturing step for manufacturing the composite yarn 1 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

12 and 13 show a composite yarn 1 similar to the composite yarn shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, except that the filament core 21 is surrounded by a subsheath 23. Preferably, the subsheath 23 contains or consists of staple fibers. The use of the subsheath 23 is only illustrated in the examples shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. However, the subsheath 23 is substantially parallel to the fibrous core 3 or twisted around the fibrous core 3 with one or more filament cores and / or one or more fibrous cores. It is clear that it can also be applied to. In particular, one or more of the filament core 21 or the fibrous core 3 described above and described later can be provided together with the subsheath 23.

FIG. 14 shows the process steps for producing the composite yarn 1 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. As can be seen there, the subsheath material 25 can surround the filament core 21 at the subsheath integration station 27. Thereby, the subsheath material 25 can be provided, for example, in the form of a draft roving 19. The subsheath material 25 can be twisted around the filament core 21 to generate a filament core 21 having a subsheath material 25 that surrounds the filament core 21 by spiral winding. After the subsheath 25 is wound around the filament core 21, the filament core 21 can be integrated with the fibrous core 3 and the draft roving 19 at the integration station 17.

FIG. 15 schematically shows an open-end spinning device 29, also known as a rotor spinning device. The open-end spinning device 29 specifically includes a fiber supply section 31, a draft system 33, a twisting system 35, and a packaging system 37.

The fiber supply unit 31 serves to supply the sliver 39 containing the regenerated fiber 7'to the open-end spinning device 29. The sliver 39 can be a card-processed card sliver or a stretched sliver. Preferably, a stretched sliver is used. A supply roller 41 is provided to convey the sliver 39 to the draft system 33 for supply to the open-end spinning apparatus 29. Therefore, the supply roller 41 is preferably spring loaded (not shown) and particularly cooperates with the supply plate 43. The supply plate 43 and the supply roller 41 particularly limit the sliver passage 45, and the sliver 39 is passed from the fiber supply unit 31 to the draft system 33 via the sliver passage 45.

The draft system 33 specifically includes a mechanical draft system 47 and a pneumatic draft system 49. The mechanical draft system 47 specifically comprises an opening roller 51, which opens the sliver 39 by combing the fibers 7'from the sliver 39. The opening roller 51 is particularly provided with a cylindrical body 53 in the circumferential direction, and the teeth 55 of the cylindrical body 53 are provided for combing the fibers 7'from the sliver 39. It has been found advantageous to use an opening roller 51 having a tooth density of 15-20 teeth / cm2, preferably about 18.5 teeth / cm2. The opening roller 51 has two particular effects. The first is a mechanical draft of the sliver 39, also known as the opening of the sliver 39. As a result, the rapidly rotating opening roller 51 combs the tips of the fibers, and as a result, the drafted sliver is conveyed to the pneumatic draft system 49. The second effect is to separate the waste in the sliver 39 that is not used in the production of open-ended yarns. The waste may contain very short staple fibers and / or powders such as staple fibers shorter than 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 4 mm or 2 mm. As a second effect, a waste output unit is provided to separate the waste 59 from the fiber 7'mechanically drawn from the sliver 39. However, the opening roller 51 does not only separate the waste 59 from the regenerated fiber 7'. Friction between the opening roller 51 and the fiber 7'creates waste 59 during the opening of the sliver 39. The waste 59 produced by the opening action is particularly dependent on fiber length. The longer the fiber length, the greater the force acting on the fiber 7'. This can result in shortening of the fibers and wear debris that must be separated as waste. Therefore, in order to receive as much, preferably as clean, regenerated fiber 7'from sliver 39, it is necessary to carefully control the length of fiber 7'in sliver 39. In this regard, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to provide a sliver with a high content of fiber 7'with a fiber length of less than 26 mm, less than 24 mm or less than 22 mm, preferably greater than 10 mm. .. Thereby, it is possible to provide a fiber 7'with a fiber length further sufficient to be processed by open-end spinning, and at the same time, it is possible to significantly reduce the generation of waste at the time of opening. Further, it is possible to reduce the wear of the opening roller 51 due to the friction between the fiber 7'and the opening roller 51. Furthermore, since the waste output unit 57 cannot guarantee that all waste 59 is separated from the fiber 7', control of the fiber length to reduce waste production is the disposal in the resulting yarn. It is also important to reduce the material content. This is especially because fine waste can accumulate in the rotor 63 described below, thereby causing yarn defects.

In order to further improve the quality of the resulting open-end spinning yarn 3, it is recommended to use a sliver 39 with less than 0.1% waste 59 before being inserted into the open-end spinning apparatus 29.

The waste output unit 57 can, in particular, guide the waste 59 to a collection chamber (not shown) and remove it from the collection chamber.

After drafting the sliver 39 in the mechanical draft system, the opened fibers 7'are pneumatically drafted by the pneumatic draft system 49. Therefore, the pneumatic draft system 49 is particularly provided with a transport pipe 61, in which the fibers 7'are hung on the pneumatic draft. Therefore, the transport tube 61 is particularly tapered to create an accelerated air flow that straightens the fibers 7'. These two subsequent draft steps reduce the number of fibers 7'from 20000 in cross section of the sliver to less than 50 fibers 7'when leaving the transport tube 61, preferably 2-10 fibers 7'. In addition, it produces a draft amount high enough to reduce.

The drafted fibers 7'are particularly supplied to the twisting system 35 from the draft system 33, particularly from the transport tube 61. The twisting system 35 specifically comprises a rotor 63 that is rotated around a rotor shaft 65. The rotor is particularly disk-shaped. In the radial direction, the rotor 63 is bounded specifically by the rotor wall 67. The rotation of the rotor around the rotor shaft 65 causes the fibers 7'supplied into the rotor 63 to be pressed against the rotor wall 67, especially by centrifugal force. The rotor wall 67 specifically has a rotor groove in which the fibers 7'are accumulated.

As shown in FIG. 15, the fibers are preferably deposited directly from the transport pipe 61 into the rotor groove 69. The rotor groove can be particularly V-shaped. Due to the accumulation of fibers 7'in the rotor groove 69, the fibers 7'form a fibrous ring 71 in the rotor groove 69. Within the rotor 63, the fibers 7'integrate with the thread tail portion 73 projecting into the rotor 63. The fiber 7'in the fibrous ring 71 is connected to the thread tail portion 73 via the twist insertion 15. As a result, the thread tail portion 73 protrudes into the fibrous ring 71, and the fiber 7'is accumulated together with the thread tail portion 73 in the fibrous ring 71. On the downstream side of the yarn tail 73, the open-end spun yarn 3, which later becomes the fibrous core 3 and is therefore also designated by reference number 3, is drawn by the packaging system 37 via the duffing tube 75. Therefore, the packaging system 37 particularly comprises a pick-up roller 77 that pulls the open-end spinning yarn 3 out of the rotor 69, transports the open-end spinning yarn 3 to a spindle (not shown), and the open-end spinning yarn 3 at the spindle. Is packaged, especially wound on a spindle.

The amount of twist (turns per meter) of the resulting open-end spun yarn 3 is particularly the rotor speed (number of revolutions per minute) and the pick-up that the open-end spun yarn 3 is delivered from the rotor 63 by the pick-up roller 77. It depends on the ratio to the speed (meters per minute). In particular, each rotation of the rotor puts the twist into the resulting open-end spun yarn 3.

As can be seen from the above, the draft of the fiber 7'from the sliver 39 to the rotor 63 is independent of the twist insertion 15 made by the rotor 63. Further, the twist insertion 15 can be controlled independently of the delivery speed. For example, the amount of twist (meters / minute) can be increased by increasing the number of revolutions per minute of the rotor 63 while keeping the delivery speed constant. Alternatively, the amount of twist (number of turns / meter) can be increased by lowering the delivery speed while maintaining the rotation speed of the rotor 63. The total draft can be changed for twist and draft separation, by controlling the rotor speed and transfer speed, or by controlling the draft applied to the sliver by the transfer path and opening rollers. The total draft in the sense of the present invention is understood as the ratio between the number of fibers 7'in the sliver 39 fed to the open-end spinning apparatus 29 and the number of resulting open-end spun yarns 3. For example, using open-end spinning techniques, it is possible to reduce the total draft by so-called back-doubling. Back doubling means, in particular, that the number of fibers 7'in the cross section reduced in the draft system 33 increases again in the twisting system 35. The number of doubling can be described in particular by the ratio N / n, where N is the number of fibers 7'in the cross section 13'of the resulting open-end spun yarn 3 and n is the transport tube 61. Is the number of fibers 7'in the output cross section of.

FIG. 16 shows a ring spinning apparatus 79 for producing composite yarns as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The ring spinning apparatus is designated by reference numeral 79 below. The ring spinning apparatus 79 includes a sheath material supply unit 81 and a core material supply unit 83. The core material supply unit 83 preferably includes an open-end spun yarn 3 wound on the spindle 85. The sheath material supply unit 81 preferably includes a roving made of staple fibers wound around the spindle 87. The ring spinning apparatus 79 further comprises a core material draft system comprising a core backdraft roll 89 and a core front draft roll 91. Further, the ring spinning device 79 includes a sheath material draft device including a sheath back draft roll 93 and a sheath front draft roll 95. In order to manufacture the composite yarn 1 according to the invention, the fibrous core 3 is drawn from the core material supply unit 83 and conveyed to the integrated station 17 via the core backdraft roll 89 and the core front draft roll 91. Further, the roving 97 is pulled out from the sheath material supply unit 81 to the integrated station 17 via the sheath backdraft roll 93 and the sheath front draft roll 95. Within the integration station 17, the sheath material is wound around the fibrous core 3 by twist insertion 15, especially in the form of draft roving 19. The resulting composite yarn 1 includes a fibrous core 3 and a sheath 5 surrounding the fibrous core 3, especially with a spiral winding 11.

In FIGS. 16-18, the twist insertion is represented by reference numeral 15. Those skilled in the art know how to perform twist insertion 15 by ring spinning. In particular, the twist insertion 15 can be performed by rotating the spindle 99 around which the composite yarn 1 is wound. Therefore, in order to distribute the composite yarn around the spindle axis, the spindle 99 can be rotated by spindle drive (not shown), while the traveler (not shown) is axially parallel to the spindle access. Moving. The composite yarn 1 wound around the spindle 99 specifically forms the yarn package 101.

Preferably, the surface speed of the sheathed front draft roll 95 is greater than the surface speed of the sheathed backdraft roll 93, such that the roving 97 is drafted between the sheathed backdraft roll 93 and the sheathed front draft roll 95. The draft of the roving 97 can be adjusted by the difference between the surface speed of the sheath front draft roll 95 and the surface speed of the sheath back draft roll 93. Similarly, that is, the draft of the fibrous core 3 can be adjusted by controlling the surface speed of the core backdraft roll 89 and the surface speed of the core front draft roll 91. In the use of the draft system for the separated fibrous core 3 and the draft system for the sheath material, the draft can be adjusted independently for the fibrous core and for the sheath material 97. However, it is clear that the present invention is not limited to devices and methods in which the fibrous core 3 and the sheath material 97 receive different drafts. It may also be possible to produce a composite yarn by a single draft mechanism that drafts the fibrous core 3 and the sheath 97 to the same extent prior to the twist insertion 15 at the integration station 17. The ring spinning device 79 further comprises an adjusting device 103 for, for example, wetting or heating the sheath material and / or the core material prior to the twist insertion 15 and / or drafting. May be good.

FIG. 16 shows a ring spinning apparatus for manufacturing a composite yarn 1 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 or 9 and 10. The ring spinning apparatus 79 shown in FIG. 17 is substantially the same as the ring spinning apparatus 79 shown in FIG. 16, except that two additional core material supply units 83'are provided. The additional core material supply unit 83'is a fibrous core 3 or an additional core 3 such as the additional fibrous core 3'and / or the additional filament core 21 as described above, which is wound around the additional spindle 87'. ', 21 can be included. In the following, FIG. 17 will be described by an example of an additional core material supply unit 83'including an additional filament core 21. The filament core 21 can be pulled out from the additional core material supply unit 83'and conveyed to the integrated station 17. As shown in FIG. 17, the additional filament core 21 can be drafted between the same core backdraft roll 89 and core front draft roll 91 as the filament core 3. In such an arrangement, different drafts may be applied to different cores 3, 21 by the additional drive bar 107 of the additional core material supply unit 83'. However, it is of course possible to draft each core 3, 21 by their own draft mechanism.

FIG. 18 shows a ring spinning apparatus 79 for producing composite yarns as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Similar to that in FIG. 17, the ring spinning apparatus 79 shown in FIG. 18 is provided with three core material supply units 83 and 83'. The ring spinning apparatus 79 shown in FIG. 18 differs from that shown in FIG. 17 in that two additional sheath material supply units 81'are provided. The two additional sheath material supply units 81'preferably include additional roving 97' wound around spindles 109, 111. As shown in FIG. 18, the additional roving 97'can be drafted by the same sheath backdraft roll 93 and sheath front draft roll 95. Of course, the additional roving 97'can also be drafted by a separate draft mechanism. Downstream, on the sheath front draft roll 95, the additional roving 97'integrates with the additional filament core 21 at the subsheath integration station 27. An additional fibrous core 3'or a fibrous core 3 can be used in addition to or in place of the additional filament core 21. At the subsheath integration station 27, the additional roving 97'is wound around the additional filament core 21 by the twist insertion 15. Downstream of the subsheath integration station 27, the additional filament core 21 is surrounded by the subsheath 23. In the subsequent integration station 17, the additional filament core 21, along with their subsheath 23, is integrated with the fibrous core 3 and the draft roving 19 by twist insertion 15. Of course, additional or alternative, it is also possible to modify the ring spinning device 79 so that the subsheath is wound around the fibrous core 3 prior to the integration station 17.

The features disclosed in the above description, drawings and claims may be important with respect to the realization of the invention individually or in any combination in its different embodiments.

1 Composite yarn 3 Fibrous core 3'Additional fibrous core 5 Sheath 7'Fiber core fiber, short fiber 8'Long fiber 7'' Sheath fiber 9 Wrap fiber / belt 11 Spiral winding 13'Fibrous Core cross section 13''Sheath cross section 15 Twist insertion 17 Integrated station 19 Draft roving 21 Filament core 23 Subsheath 25 Subsheath material 27 Subsheath integrated station 29 Open end (rotor) spinning device 31 Fiber supply 33 Draft system 35 Twisting system 37 Package Fiber System 39 Sliver 41 Supply Roller 43 Supply Plate 45 Passage 47 Mechanical Draft System 49 Pneumatic Draft System 51 Opening Roller 53 Cylindrical 55 Teeth 57 Waste Output 59 Waste 61 Transport Pipe 63 Rotor 65 Rotor Shaft 67 Rotor Wall 69 Rotor groove 71 Fibrous ring 73 Thread tail 75 Duffing tube 77 Pick-up roll 79 Ring spinning device 81 Sheath material supply 81'Additional sheath material supply 83 Core material supply 83'Additional core material supply 85, 87 Spindle 89 Core Back Draft Roll 91 Core Front Draft Roll 93 Sheath Back Draft Roll 95 Sheath Front Draft Roll 97 Robbing 97'Additional Robbing 99 Spindle 101 Thread Package 103 Adjusting Device 107 Drive Bar 109 Spindle 111 Spindle

Claims (53)

Composite yarn (1), especially for weaving,
-With at least one fibrous core (3) made of a core material containing regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers.
-A sheath (5) surrounding the fibrous core (3), wherein the sheath (5) is made of a sheath material, particularly a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, and is more than the core material. Sheath (5), which has a large axial strength,
Composite yarn (1) containing. The axial strength of the sheath material is at least 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% or 150% greater than the strength of the sheath material, and / or.
The axial strength of the core material is 2 cN / tex to 12 cN / tex, particularly 4 cN / tex to 10 cN / tex, more particularly 6 cN / tex to 8 cN / tex, and / or.
The axial strength of the sheath material is 8 cN / tex to 20 cN / tex, particularly 10 cN / tex to 18 cN / tex, more particularly 12 cN / tex to 16 cN / tex, and / or.
The axial strength of the composite yarn (1) is 6 cN / tex to 20 cN / tex, particularly 9 cN / tex to 17 cN / tex, and more particularly 11 cN / tex to 15 cN / tex.
The composite yarn (1) according to claim 1. The composite yarn (1), especially for weaving, especially according to claim 1 or 2.
-With at least one fibrous core (3) made of regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or core materials containing regenerated synthetic fibers.
-A sheath (5) that surrounds at least one fibrous core (3), wherein the sheath (5) is a sheath material having a lower content of regenerated fibers than the core material, particularly cellulose fibers and / or synthetic. A sheath (5) made of a sheath material containing fibers, and
Composite yarn (1) containing. The core material is composed of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% regenerated fibers, preferably regenerated fibers having a fiber length of up to 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm or 10 mm. / Or the sheath material is composed of less than 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% or 2% regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated fibers, preferably regenerated fibers having a maximum fiber length of 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm or 10 mm. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which does not contain fibers. The composite yarn (1) for weaving, especially according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
-With at least one fibrous core (3) made from a core material containing regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers.
-A sheath (5) surrounding at least one fibrous core (3), wherein the sheath (5) is a sheath material having a larger average fiber length than the core material, particularly cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers. Made of sheath material, including sheath (5), and
Composite yarn (1) containing. The core material has an average fiber length less than a length between 26 mm and 32 mm, preferably an average fiber length less than 26 mm, 24 mm or 22 mm, and / or the sheath material is between 26 mm and 32 mm. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which has an average fiber length larger than the length of the above, preferably an average fiber length larger than 26 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm or 36 mm. The composite yarn (1), especially for weaving, and particularly according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
-At least one fibrous core (3) made of a core material comprising regenerated fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers, wherein the core is at least one fiber produced by open-end spinning. With sex core (3);
-A sheath (5) made of a sheath material, particularly a sheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, wherein the sheath (5) is at least one fibrous core by spinning, especially by ring spinning. The sheath (5) that surrounds the circumference of (3) and
Composite yarn (1) containing. The at least one fibrous core (3) has a yarn count of 40 ± 20Ne, preferably 30 ± 10Ne, more preferably 30 ± 5Ne, most preferably 30 ± 3Ne or 30 ± 1Ne. And / Or, the composite yarn (1) has a yarn count of 15 ± 14Ne, preferably 10 ± 9Ne, more preferably 10 ± 5Ne, most preferably 10 ± 3Ne or 10 ± 1Ne.
The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The composite yarn (1) is composed of at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 35% of the core material, and / or.
Consists of said sheath material up to 80%, preferably up to 70%, more preferably up to 65%.
The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The sheath material is composed of at least 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, or 100% staple fibers or filaments, and / or the composite yarn (1) is the at least one fibrous core (1). The subsheath comprises at least one subsheath surrounding 3), said subsheath being made of a subsheath material, particularly a subsheath material containing cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers, wherein the subsheath is the at least one fibrous core (3) and said. The subsheath preferably surrounds the at least one fibrous core (3) so as to be included in the sheath (5), and / or the subsheath material is preferably at least 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is composed of 100% staple fibers or filaments. The core of each fibrous core (3), preferably comprising at least two, three, four or five of the at least one fibrous core (3) made of a core material containing regenerated fibers. Claimed that the material is composed of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% or 100% regenerated fibers, preferably regenerated fibers having a maximum fiber length of 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm or 10 mm. Item 2. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of Items 1 to 10. It comprises at least one additional core (3', 21), particularly at least two, three, four or five additional cores (3', 21), particularly at least one elastic filament core and / or at least one non. At least one additional filament core (21), such as an elastic filament core, and / or at least one additional fibrous core (3') made of an additional core material, wherein the additional core material is from the core material. At least 50%, 70%, 90% of staple fibers or filaments containing low regenerated fiber content, containing a lower average fiber length than the core material, and / or having a larger fiber length than the regenerated fiber. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which comprises 95% or 100%. In particular, a fibrous core (3) that will be surrounded by a sheath (5) to provide the composite yarn (1), wherein the fibrous core (3) has a fibrous length of at least 5 mm. A fibrous core (3) made by spinning%, in particular 10%, short fibers and at least 10%, in particular 20% or 30%, long fibers having a fiber length greater than 25 mm. 13. Claim 13 having at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of the staples having a fiber length of 10 mm to 25 mm, more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm, most preferably 20 mm to 25 mm. The fibrous core (3) according to the description. The long fibers of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% have fiber lengths of 25 mm to 50 mm, preferably 28 mm to 42 mm, more preferably 32 mm to 38 mm.
The fibrous core (3) according to claim 13 or 14. The fibrous core (3), the fibrous core (3), particularly according to any one of claims 13 to 15, which will be surrounded by a sheath (5) to provide the composite yarn (1). The core (3) is a fibrous core (3) in which the core (3) is spun with at least 5% short fibers and at least 10% long fibers, the long fibers being at least 2 mm longer than the short fibers. The short fibers of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% have fiber lengths of 10 mm to 32 mm, preferably 15 mm to 28 mm, more preferably 20 mm to 25 mm, and / or. The long fibers of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% have a fiber length of 25 mm to 50 mm, preferably 28 mm to 42 mm, more preferably 32 mm to 38 mm, according to claim 16. The fibrous core described. The long fibers of at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% are at least 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm or 40 mm longer than the staple fibers and / or at least. The 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% or 95% of the long fibers are 2 mm to 40 mm, preferably 3 mm to 30 mm, more preferably 5 mm to 20 mm, most preferably 7 mm to 15 mm or more than the short fibers. The fibrous core according to any one of claims 13 to 17, which is 10 mm to 15 mm and is long. The short fibers are recycled fibers, especially used fabric fibers, and / or the short fibers are natural fibers, especially cotton and / or wool fibers, and / or artificial fibers, especially synthetic fibers and / or recycled. The fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 13 to 18, which is composed of fibers of the same material such as natural fibers or fibers of different materials. The fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the long fiber is an artificial fiber such as a synthetic fiber or a regenerated natural fiber, and / or the long fiber is a regenerated fiber. The fibrous core (3) is spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the staples and / or the fibrous core (3). ) Is the fibrous core according to any one of claims 13 to 20, which is spun with at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% or 50% of the staple fibers. 3). The fibrous core (3) is spun with at least 60% of the staples and / or the fibrous core (3) is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. , 35% or 40% of the long fibers, or the fibrous core (3) is spun of at least 65%, 67% or 70% of the staples, and / or. The fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the fibrous core (3) is spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% of the long fibers. 3). The fibrous core is composed of the staple fibers, the long fibers, and the fibers of the third group, and the fibrous core has a maximum of 85%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 15%. The fibrous core according to any one of claims 13 to 22, which is spun from 10%, 5%, 3% or 1% of the fibers of the third group. The fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 13 to 23, particularly the fibrous core (3) to be surrounded by a sheath (5) to provide the composite yarn (1), said fibrous. The core (3) is a fibrous core (3) spun with at least 5% used fabric fiber and at least 10% artificial fiber. The used fabric fibers are of the same material or different materials, such as natural fibers, especially cotton and / or wool fibers, synthetic fibers, especially polyester fibers, and / or regenerated natural fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers. The fibrous core (3) according to claim 24, which is composed of fibers. The fibrous property according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the artificial fiber is a synthetic fiber, particularly a polyester fiber, or a regenerated natural fiber, particularly a regenerated cellulose fiber, and / or the artificial fiber is a regenerated fiber. Core (3). The fibrous core (3) is spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% used fabric fiber and / or the fibrous core (3). ) Is the fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 24 to 26, which is spun with at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% or 50% artificial fibers. ). The fibrous core (3) is spun with at least 60% of the used fabric fiber and / or the fibrous core (3) is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35. % Or 40% of the artificial fiber or the fibrous core (3) is spun with at least 65%, 67% or 70% of the used fabric fiber and / or the fibrous core (3). ) Is the fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 24 to 26, which is spun with at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% of the artificial fiber. The fibrous core is composed of used fabric fibers, artificial fibers, and third group fibers, and the fibrous core has a maximum of 85%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, and 15%. The fibrous core according to any one of claims 24 to 28, which is spun from%, 10%, 5%, 3%, or 1% of the fibers of the third group. The fibrous core (3) has a yarn count of 10 Ne to 40 Ne, preferably 15 Ne to 35 Ne, more preferably 20 Ne to 30 Ne, and most preferably 23 Ne to 26 Ne.
The fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 13 to 29. The fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 13 to 30, wherein the fibrous core (3) is made by open-end spinning or ring spinning. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, especially for weaving.
-With at least one fibrous core according to any one of claims 13 to 31.
-The sheath (5) surrounding the at least one fibrous core (3) and
Composite yarn to be provided (1). The sheath (5) has a fiber length of at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, 70%, 90% or 95%, particularly greater than 25 mm or 2 mm longer than the length of the short fibers. Spun with long fibers or with used fabric fibers in the core, preferably at least 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, or 95% of the long fibers in the sheath (5) are 25 mm to 50 mm. The long fibers having a fiber length of preferably 26 mm to 42 mm, more preferably 27 mm to 38 mm, and / or the long fibers in the sheath (5) are natural fibers, particularly cotton fibers and / or wool fibers, synthetic. The composite yarn (1) according to claim 32, which is composed of fibers of the same material or different materials such as fibers, particularly polyester fibers and / or regenerated natural fibers, particularly regenerated cellulose fibers. The composite yarn (1) is made of at least one fibrous core (3) of at least 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% and / or up to 45%, 40% or 35%. Alternatively, the composite yarn (1) is made of at least 55%, 60%, 65% and / or up to 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% of the sheath (5) and / or. The composite yarn (1) according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the composite yarn has a yarn count of 3Ne to 40Ne, preferably 8Ne to 30Ne, more preferably 10Ne to 18Ne. The composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein the sheath (5) is spun around the core by ring spinning. A fabric, particularly a woven fabric, and even a denim fabric, comprising at least one composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 32 to 35. A method for producing the composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, particularly for weaving.
-Steps to provide regenerated fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers,
-The step of open-end spinning the regenerated fiber into at least one fibrous core (3).
-With the steps of providing sheathed fibers, in particular cellulose sheathed fibers and / or synthetic sheathed fibers.
-A step of spinning the sheath fiber around the at least one fibrous core (3) and, in particular, ring spinning to produce a sheath (5) surrounding the core.
How to include. The fibrous core (3), particularly the fibrous core according to any one of claims 13 to 23, particularly the composite yarn, particularly the composite yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 32 to 35. Is a method for spinning a fibrous core (3), which will be surrounded by a sheath to provide.
-Steps to provide staples with fiber lengths up to 25 mm,
-With steps to provide long fibers with fiber lengths greater than 25 mm,
-The step of mixing the staple fibers and the long fibers,
-Spinning of the mixed staples and staples, fibrous with at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, staples and at least 10%, in particular at least 20% or 30% staples. The steps to make the core (3) and
How to include. The fibrous core (3), particularly the fibrous core according to any one of claims 13 to 23, particularly the composite yarn, particularly the composite yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 32 to 35. 38, in particular the method of claim 38, for spinning a fibrous core (3), which will be enclosed by a sheath to provide.
-Steps to provide staples and
-A step of providing long fibers, wherein the long fibers are at least 2 mm longer than the short fibers.
-The step of mixing the staple fibers and the long fibers,
-The step of spinning the mixed staples and staples to make a fibrous core with at least 5% staples and at least 10% staples.
How to include. The mixing step is performed in a mixing station such as a multi-mixer in a blowroom, in particular the mixing is carried out by a pick-up roller, among other things, from separate fiber feeders to the means, especially on the transport belt. In particular, the mixed short fibers and long fibers are transported to a carding station, and the mixed short fibers and long fibers are processed into the fibrous core in a subsequent spinning step. 38. The method of claim 38 or 39, wherein the tuft will be formed. Prior to the mixing step, the method finds fibers that are too short in the short fibers, eg fibers smaller than 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm or 5 mm, and fibers that are too short in the long fibers, eg 32 mm, 31 mm, 30 mm. Steps to find fibers smaller than 29 mm, 28 mm, 27 mm, 26 mm or 25 mm, and / or to find long fibers in the long fibers, eg fibers longer than 50 mm, 42 mm or 38 mm, and / or the short. A step of cleaning the fibers and / or the long fibers by removing dust such as too short or too long fibers, darts and / or other foreign matter from the fibers, and / or the short fibers and /. Alternatively, the steps include washing the long fibers and / or drying the short fibers and / or the long fibers, preferably one or more of these steps being performed in a blowroom. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 40. The spinning step comprises drafting the mixed short and long fibers, in particular the tuft formed from the mixed short and long fibers, particularly by at least one carding frame. The method of any one of claims 38-41, wherein the drafted staples and long fibers are spun into the fibrous core by at least one, preferably at least two, fly frames. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 42, wherein the step of spinning the mixed short fibers and long fibers into the fibrous core (3) is performed by open-end spinning. The fibrous core (3), particularly the fibrous core according to any one of claims 24 to 31, particularly the composite yarn, particularly the composite yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 32 to 35. Is a method for spinning a fibrous core (3), which will be surrounded by a sheath to provide.
-Steps to provide used fabric fibers and
-Steps to provide artificial fibers and
-The step of mixing the used fabric fiber and the artificial fiber, and
-The step of spinning the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers into a fibrous core having at least 5% used fabric fibers and at least 10% artificial fibers.
How to include. The mixing step is performed in a mixing station, such as a multi-mixer, in a blowroom, in particular the mixing is carried out, especially by means of a pick-up roller, on the means of transporting the used fabric fibers and the artificial fibers from separate fiber feeders. In particular, the used fabric fibers and artificial fibers are transported to a carding station, and the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers are brought into the fibrous property in a subsequent spinning step. 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the tuft is formed into a core. Prior to the mixing step, the method finds fibers that are too short in the used fabric fibers, such as fibers smaller than 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm or 5 mm, and fibers that are too short in the artificial fibers, such as 32 mm. Steps to find fibers smaller than 31 mm, 30 mm, 29 mm, 28 mm, 27 mm, 26 mm or 25 mm, and / or to find long fibers in the artificial fiber, eg fibers longer than 50 mm, 42 mm or 38 mm, and. / Or a step of cleaning the used fabric fibers and / or artificial fibers by removing dust such as fibers that are too short or fibers that are too long, dirt and / or other foreign matter from the fibers, and / or. Or includes a step of cleaning the used fabric fiber and / or the artificial fiber and / or a step of drying the used fabric fiber and / or the artificial fiber, preferably one of these steps. The method of claim 44 or 45, wherein one or more are performed in a blow room. The spinning step comprises drafting the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers, particularly tufts formed from the mixed used fabric fibers and artificial fibers, particularly by at least one carding frame. In particular, the drafted used fabric and artificial fibers are spun into the fibrous core by at least one, preferably at least two, fly frames, according to any one of claims 44-46. The method described. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 47, wherein the step of spinning the mixed used fabric fiber and the artificial fiber into the fibrous core (3) is performed by open-end spinning. The step of providing the used fabric fiber comprises separating the fiber from the fabric, especially by combing the fiber out of the fabric, and / or the step of providing the artificial fiber is particularly. Including spinning the viscous solution into artificial fibers by feeding the viscous solution through a spinneret,
The method according to any one of claims 44 to 48. A method for producing a composite yarn (1), particularly the composite yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 32 to 35, for weaving.
-The step of spinning at least one fibrous core (3) according to any one of claims 38 to 49.
-The step of spinning the sheath (5) around at least one fibrous core (3),
How to include. The method of claim 50, wherein the step of spinning the sheath around the at least one fibrous core is performed by ring spinning. A device for manufacturing, in particular, the composite yarn (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 32 to 35, particularly for weaving, particularly according to claim 37, 50 or 51. ,
-With an open-end spinning device (29) for spinning regenerated fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers and / or regenerated synthetic fibers, into core yarns-Sheaths (5) around the core yarns, especially cellulose fibers and / or synthetics. With additional spinning equipment, especially ring spinning equipment (79), for spinning sheaths made from sheaths containing fibers.
Equipment to be equipped. An apparatus for producing a fibrous core by the method according to any one of claims 38 to 49, or an apparatus for producing a composite yarn by the method according to claim 37, 50 or 51.

Images