JP2022528703A - 超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子ベースの磁気共鳴画像法t1造影剤 - Google Patents
超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子ベースの磁気共鳴画像法t1造影剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明のさらなる目的は、超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子を用いた多重アッセイのためのプラットフォームを提供することである。
本発明のさらなる目的は、表面が親水性化材料及び機能化材料で修飾された、多重アッセイのためのナノ粒子を製造する方法を提供することである。
本発明のさらなる実施形態では、親水性部分はポリアルキレングリコール鎖を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の別の実施形態では、前記ノニオン性界面活性剤はポリソルベート界面活性剤であってもよい。
本発明の別の実施形態では、前記造影剤は10nm以下の全体直径及び0.2以下のPDIを有していてもよい。
本発明のさらなる実施形態では、前記リンカーは疎水性部分を一端に含み、クリック反応性材料が結合した親水性部分を他端に含む両親媒性化合物であってもよい。
本発明のさらなる実施形態においては、前記機能化材料は、疾患標的剤(disease targeting agents)、キレート剤、蛍光材料、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択されてもよい。
本発明の別の実施形態では、前記方法は密度勾配遠心分離をさらに含んでいてもよい。
前記超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子に基づく本発明に係る前記MRI T1造影剤は、既存のガドリニウムMRI T1造影剤を置き換えることができる。加えて、親水性化はナノ粒子の均一性を保証し、血中における前記MRI T1造影剤の迅速な分布及び体からの前記MRI T1造影剤の迅速な排出を可能にする。
1.8g(2mmol)のオレイン酸鉄、0.57g(2mmol)のオレイン酸、及び1.61g(6mmol)のオレイルアルコールを10gのジフェニルエーテルと混合した。この混合物を丸底フラスコ内に入れた。フラスコを80℃で約1時間真空引きして空気を除去した。それから、アルゴン流の下の不活性雰囲気を作製した。10℃/分の割合で温度を250℃へと上げつつ、反応を行った。反応が進むにつれ、反応混合物は色が黒色に変わった。250℃での30分の反応により、3nmのナノ粒子が得られ、これを急速に冷却して過剰量のアセトンで洗浄した。生じた沈殿を、有機溶媒としてのクロロホルム又はヘキサンに分散した。
1.8g(2mmol)のオレイン酸鉄及び0.28g(1mmol)のオレイン酸を10gのオクタデセンと混合した。この混合物を丸底フラスコ内に入れた。フラスコを80℃で約1時間真空引きして空気を除去した。それから、アルゴン流の下の不活性雰囲気を作製した。10℃/分の割合で温度を317℃へと上げつつ、反応を行った。反応が進むにつれ、反応混合物は色が黒色に変わった。317℃での30分の反応により、約5nmのナノ粒子が得られ、これを急速に冷却して過剰量のアセトンで洗浄した。生じた沈殿を、有機溶媒としてのクロロホルム又はヘキサンに分散した。
1.8g(2mmol)のオレイン酸鉄及び0.28g(1mmol)のオレイン酸を10gのオクタデセンと混合した。この混合物を丸底フラスコ内に入れた。フラスコを80℃で約1時間真空引きして空気を除去した。アルゴン流の下の不活性雰囲気を作製した。10℃/分の割合で温度を315℃へと上げつつ、反応を行った。反応が進むにつれ、反応混合物は色が黒色に変わった。315℃での30分の反応により、約10nmのナノ粒子が得られ、これを急速に冷却して過剰量のアセトンで洗浄した。生じた沈殿を、有機溶媒としてのクロロホルム又はヘキサンに分散した。
実施例1-1~1-3で調製した超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子(IONP)を以下のステップにより親水性化した。
(1)固体IONP:実施例1-1~1-3のそれぞれで合成した固体IONPを乾燥させ、秤量し、20mg/mLの濃度でクロロホルム中に分散させた。
(2)1.5nm、2.2nm、3nm、5nm、及び10nmの超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子(IONP)をTween60及びオレイン酸で親水性化した。Tween60とオレイン酸は、表1に示す比率で使用した。
この実施例では、親水性化超微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子を、以下のステップにより、クリック化合物で表面修飾した。
(1)固体IONP:実施例1-1~1-3のそれぞれで合成した固体IONPを乾燥させ、秤量し、20mg/mLの濃度でクロロホルム中に分散させた。
(2)1.5nm、2.2nm、3nm、5nm、及び10nmのIONPを、表3に示す比率で用いられたTween60及びオレイン酸で親水性化し、クリック化合物(DBCO)の機能基で表面修飾した。クリック化合物のTween60に対する比率を表3に示す。
この実験例では、実施例2で調製した親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子のサイズ依存性のインビトロ及びインビボ安定性を評価した。
親水性化ナノ粒子の水力学的サイズをDLS機器を用いて分析した。多分散指数(PDI)を均一性の尺度として用いた。具体的には、室温で特定の時間、蒸留水中で保存した後に、1.5nm、2.2nm、3nm、5nm、及び10nmの親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子のサイズを再び測定し、それらのインビトロ安定性が維持されているかどうかを判定した。さらに、同量の親水性化ナノ粒子をヒト血清に分散し、低温(refrigerated)で維持した。親水性化ナノ粒子が保存中に沈殿したかについて判定した。
上記の結果は、本発明の方法により調製された親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子はインビトロ及びインビボで高度に安定であることを明らかにした。
この実験例では、実施例2における親水性化の後に、親水性化ナノ粒子及びミセルを清澄溶液から分離及び精製した。分離は密度勾配遠心分離により行った。
具体的には、清澄溶液を15000rpm、4℃で1時間遠心分離した。その結果、親水性化で沈殿しなかったナノ粒子及び非親水性化ナノ粒子は沈降し、底部に粘性のスラッジを形成した。上記の遠心分離条件は、5nm以上の親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子に適用された。5nm未満の親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子は、代わりに、40000rpm、4℃で1~2時間遠心分離した。
この実験例においては、中及び大動物実験のため、又は親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子の臨床的応用及び工業的応用を評価するために、大スケールでの親水性化を行った。
カプセル化の前のコアナノ粒子のサイズを3nmに固定し、同条件で繰り返し親水性化を行って親水性化収率を確認し、親水性化後のサイズを評価した。表1及び表3に示したT60/OA比率を厳密に維持しながら、上で用いたのと同じ方法を5連で行った。
全ての親水性化ナノ粒子をDLSで分析した。その結果、収率だけでなく、親水性化後のサイズもほぼ均一であった(図8の(A))。大スケールで調製された3nmの親水性化ナノ粒子を図8の(B)に示す。
この実験例では、親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子のサイズ依存性のインビボ分布を確認した。この目的で、異なるサイズを有する親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子のインビボ分布をイメージング化し、画像の信頼性を核医学定量により評価した。
同位体標識はTLCで行った。この標識は放射標識とも呼ばれる。放射標識の概念図及びデータを図10に示す。保存安定性は、親水性化ナノ粒子のサイズが同位体標識後でも(最大4週間)維持されるかの尺度である。このとき、放射標識安定性も確認された。
図11に示す定量データは、各時点でのPETシグナルがMRIシグナルと同様の傾向を示したことを明らかにしている。
この実験例では、親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子のキットへの適用可能性を評価した。この目的で、水溶液中のナノ粒子を減圧(vacuum)下で乾燥させ再分散させた後に、そのサイズ及びPDI値を比較した。
実施例2で調製した3nmの親水性化ナノ粒子を部分的に希釈し、小バイアルに移した。この水溶液を蒸発させ、全ての液体成分を除去した。図12から分かるように、明瞭な円状のバンドが形成され、固相が前記小バイアルの底に形成された。固相を蒸留水(DW)に再分散し、より大きいバイアルに移した。親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子のサイズ及びPDIをDLSで評価した。
この実験例では、3nm親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子及びガドリニウムをウサギに投与した後に、ウサギの肝臓、下大静脈(IVC)、左心室(LV)、動脈、腎臓、及び腎髄質におけるコントラスト効果を評価した。
図14に示すように、3nm親水性化酸化鉄ナノ粒子を用いたコントラスト増強MRIは、ガドリニウムのコントラスト増強効果の約半分を示した。つまり、円状の心臓部分及び血管が明るく現れている一番上にあるMRI画像は、既存の造影剤と異なり親水性化ナノ粒子のT1効果は投与後すぐに消失はせず、親水性化ナノ粒子は血流中で良好に循環したことを明らかにした。
Claims (15)
- 微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子コア及び該コア粒子をカプセル化するミセルを含む、磁気共鳴画像法のためのT1造影剤であって、前記ミセルは、少なくとも2つの鎖を含む親水性部分及び少なくとも1つの炭化水素鎖を含む疎水性部分からなるノニオン性界面活性剤を含むT1造影剤。
- 前記ノニオン性界面活性剤は式1で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載のT1造影剤:
A-O-C(O)-B [式1]
ここで、Aは、それぞれ1つ又は複数の末端-OH基を含み、かつ-O-(CH2)n-(ここで、nは1~10の整数)又はC3~C5脂環式炭化水素基を含む2つ以上の鎖を含む親水性部分であって、これらの鎖のうち2つ以上は任意に(optionally)互いに結合して鎖構造を形成し、BはC6~C30炭化水素鎖構造を有する疎水性部分である。 - 前記コアが6nm以下の直径及び0.2以下の多分散指数(PDI)を有する、請求項1に記載のT1造影剤。
- 前記親水性部分がポリアルキレングリコール鎖を含む、請求項1に記載のT1造影剤。
- 前記ノニオン性界面活性剤がポリソルベート界面活性剤である、請求項4に記載のT1造影剤。
- 前記造影剤は、10nm以下の全体直径、及び0.2以下のPDIを有する、請求項1に記載のT1造影剤。
- 微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子コア及び該コア粒子をカプセル化するミセルを含む、磁気共鳴画像法T1コントラスト効果を有する多重アッセイのためのプラットフォームであって、リンカー化合物が前記コアの表面に導入され、前記ミセルは、少なくとも2つの鎖を含む親水性部分及び少なくとも1つの炭化水素鎖を含む疎水性部分からなるノニオン性界面活性剤を含む、プラットフォーム。
- 前記リンカーがクリック反応誘導化合物である、請求項7に記載のプラットフォーム。
- 前記リンカーは、疎水性部分を一端に含み、クリック反応性材料が結合した親水性部分を他端に含む両親媒性化合物である、請求項7に記載のプラットフォーム。
- 微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子コアを提供すること;クリック反応誘導化合物により前記コア粒子を修飾すること;少なくとも2つの鎖を含む親水性部分及び少なくとも1つの炭化水素鎖を含む疎水性部分からなるノニオン性界面活性剤を含むミセルの溶液を提供すること;前記ミセル溶液中に前記修飾されたコア粒子を分散して、リガンドカプセル化により前記修飾されたコア粒子を親水性にすること;並びに、クリック反応性部分を含む機能化材料を前記コア粒子の表面に結合させて、前記コア粒子の表面を修飾すること、を含む、多重アッセイ用のナノ粒子を製造する方法。
- 前記ノニオン性界面活性剤は、親水性化のために、コアの表面上の疎水性材料に対して15~25倍モル過剰量で用いられる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記機能化材料は、疾患標的剤(disease targeting agents)、キレート剤、蛍光材料、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 密度勾配遠心分離をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 微細酸化鉄ナノ粒子コアを提供すること;少なくとも2つの鎖を含む親水性部分及び少なくとも1つの炭化水素鎖を含む疎水性部分からなるノニオン性界面活性剤が機能化基を含む両親媒性材料と混合されたミセルの溶液を提供すること;並びに、リガンドカプセル化による前記コア粒子の親水性化及び前記機能化材料による前記コア粒子の表面修飾を同時に行うように、前記ミセル溶液中に前記コア粒子を分散すること、を含む、多重アッセイ用のナノ粒子を製造する方法。
- 密度勾配遠心分離をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
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