JP2022528024A - Carを発現する免疫細胞に抗原提示細胞を係合させるための二重特異性ポリペプチド及びそれらの使用 - Google Patents
Carを発現する免疫細胞に抗原提示細胞を係合させるための二重特異性ポリペプチド及びそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、これによりそれらの全内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2018年10月30日出願のオーストラリア国仮特許出願第2018904117号明細書及び2019年9月4日出願の同第2019903255号明細書からの優先権を主張するものである。
(a)本発明の二重特異性ポリペプチド、核酸、ベクター若しくは医薬組成物を保持する容器;及び
(b)使用上の注意を備えるラベル又は添付文書
を含むキットが提供される。
本明細書で使用する用語「二重特異性ポリペプチド」は、2種の異なる標的抗原に同時に特異的に結合し得るポリペプチドを意味する。本明細書に記載した二重特異性ポリペプチドは、それらのそれぞれが単一標的抗原に特異的に結合する、2つの構造的に別個の結合ドメイン(即ち、領域)を含む。二重特異性ポリペプチドは、APC上の標的抗原及びCARを発現する免疫細胞上の異なる標的抗原に結合するために使用することができる。更に、二重特異性ポリペプチドは、APC上の標的抗原及び免疫細胞によって発現したCAR上の異なる標的抗原に結合するために使用することができる。二重特異性ポリペプチドは、1つ以上の抗体若しくは抗体断片(例えば、1つ以上のscFv)のポリペプチド配列(即ち、ドメイン)を含み得る。別の実施形態では、二重特異性ポリペプチドは、1つ以上のリガンドのポリペプチド配列を含み得る。
本明細書に開示した別の態様では、本明細書に記載した二重特異性ポリペプチドをコードする核酸が提供される。更に尚別の態様では、本明細書に記載したベクターを含む細胞が提供される。
別の態様では、本明細書に記載した二重特異性ポリペプチドを生成するための方法であって:(i)二重特異性ポリペプチドを発現させるために好適である培養培地中及び条件下で本明細書に記載した細胞を培養するステップ;及び(i)二重特異性ポリペプチドを細胞又は培養培地から単離するステップを含む方法が提供される。
別の態様では、本明細書に記載した二重特異性ポリペプチドと薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物が提供される。
(a)本発明の二重特異性ポリペプチド、核酸、ベクター若しくは医薬組成物を保持する容器;及び
(b)使用上の注意を備えるラベル又は添付文書を含むキットが提供される。
別の態様では、癌を治療するための方法であって、それを必要とする対象に治療有効量の:(i)CARを発現する免疫細胞;及び(ii)本明細書に記載した二重特異性ポリペプチド又は医薬組成物を共投与するステップを含み、ここで二重特異性ポリペプチドが、対象の内因性APC上で発現した抗原及び癌を治療するための免疫細胞の活性化及び増殖を刺激するためにインビボで免疫細胞によって発現したCAR上の抗原に同時に結合する方法が提供される。
十分な治療用量の免疫細胞組成物を達成するためには、免疫細胞を生成するための方法は、典型的には、1ラウンド以上の刺激、活性化及び/又は増殖を包含した。本明細書に開示した方法に従うと、免疫細胞は、インビボ及びインビトロで活性化及び増殖するために刺激することができる。
細胞培養
E0771は、マウス乳癌細胞系であり(Johnstone et al.,2015,Disease Models & Mechanisms,8:237-51)、24JKは、メチルコラントレン誘導性線維肉腫であり(Shiloni et al.,1993,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy,37:286-92)、及びMC38は、化学的誘導性結腸腺癌である(Corbett et al.,1975,Cancer Research,35:2434-9)。これらの細胞系はC57BL/6マウスを起源とし、親細胞系は、マウス幹細胞ウイルスLTRプロモーターの制御下でヒトHer2抗原を発現するようにレトロウイルスによって形質移入された。これらのHer2+細胞系は、24JK-Her2、MC38-Her2及びE0771-Her2と呼ばれる。MDA-MB-231、PANC1及びA549細胞系は、Her2+である。
PBMCは、ヒト又はマウスドナーから採取した全血の軟膜から収集した。Her2特異的CARレトロウイルスベクター若しくはコントロール空ベクターを用いたヒトT細胞の形質導入は、Ritchie et al.(2013,Molecular Therapy,21(11):2122-29)に記載された方法に従って実施した。Her2特異的CARレトロウイルスベクター若しくはコントロール空ベクターを用いたマウスT細胞の形質導入は、Mardiana et al.(2017,Cancer Research)に記載された方法に従って実施した。
APCは、照射PBMC、PBMCからのFACS分別CD19+B細胞又は単球由来樹状細胞(Mo-DC)を用いて生成した。市販で入手できるキット(Miltenyi Biotec)を使用して、未成熟及び成熟mo-DCの混合物中でmo-DCを生成した。
BEATは、2つの抗体scFvドメインを単一ポリペプチド鎖内にフレキシブルリンカーを用いて結び付けることによって設計した。第1scFvドメインは、CD40(配列番号2)又はMHCII(配列番号4)に特異的に結合するように設計した。cDNAは、CD40(FGK45)及びMHCII(M5/114)に対するモノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマ細胞系から単離した。これらのモノクローナル抗体の可変H及びLドメインをコードする遺伝子をクローン化し、APC特異的scFvを生成するために(G4S)3-リンカー配列によって遺伝的に融合させた。第2scFvドメインは、上述したHer2特異的CARのCD3(配列番号6)又はc-mycタグ(配列番号8)に特異的に結合するように設計し、CAR特異的scFvは、同一方法を用いて生成した。
BEATコーディング配列は、哺乳動物細胞培養中で天然タンパク質を高レベルで発現させるためにサイトメガロウイルス(CMV)プロモーターを含有するpCDNA3.4 TOPOベクター内にクローン化した。インサートのコーディング配列は、標準プロトコールに従って検証した。BEATの迅速且つ超高収率のタンパク質産生を得る目的で哺乳動物細胞をトランスフェクトするために、Expi293発現系(Invitrogen)、jetPEI(Polyplus-transfection S.A.)及びリポフェクタミンを使用した。
ヒト又はマウスT細胞をAPC及びSEBと共培養し、共培養の24~72時間後に細胞増殖、IFN-γ分泌及び脾臓へのTCRVβ8+T細胞の浸潤について評価した。
細胞増殖にBEATが及ぼす作用を評価するために、化学的にコンジュゲート化された二重特異性ポリペプチドを抗CD40/抗myc抗体から生成した。上述したHer2特異的CAR上に既に存在するc-mycタグは、CAR特異的抗原として機能した。
哺乳動物系を用いたBEATの生成
哺乳動物系は、可溶性形態にあるBEATを生成するために使用することができ、適切な翻訳後修飾の利点を有するが、収率は相当に低い(即ち、細胞108個当たり1nmol未満のscFvタンパク質を生成した)。
SEBは、APC上のペプチド結合溝及び特にTCR Vβ鎖、特にマウスにおけるVβ3、7、8及び17を有するT細胞上のTCRの外側でMHCII分子に特異的に結合する二重特異性ポリペプチドである。MHCII及びTCRへのSEBの同時結合は、極めて多数のCD4+及びCD8+両方のT細胞を刺激し、それらの活性化及び増殖をもたらす。MHCIIによって提示された従来型抗原は0.0001~0.001%のT細胞を活性化するが、他方SEB等の二重特異性ポリペプチドは、全T細胞の2~20%を刺激する(Fraser and Proft,2008,Immunology Reviews,225:226-43;Arcus et al.,2000,Journal of Molecular Biology,299(1):157-68)。従って、SEBは、インビボでのCAR T細胞を活性化及び増殖させるための戦略を開発するための概念実証の分子として使用されたが、しかしながら、本明細書に記載したアプローチ及び試薬は、最小傷害性を備えるより制御された方法でこの目的を達成する。
重要なことに、CAR T細胞への抗mycの結合がCAR媒介性T細胞機能を妨害しないことが確証された(図8)。更に、化学的にコンジュゲート化した二重特異性ポリペプチドは、インビトロでのCAR T細胞増殖を極めて大きく増強したこともまた証明された(図9)。対照的に、同一モル濃度での2つの単一抗体の組み合わせは、CAR T細胞増殖を媒介しなかった。これらのデータは、二重特異性ポリペプチドがAPCにCAR T細胞と共に係合すること、及びこの係合が増強したCAR T細胞増殖をもたらすことを示唆している。
BEATの3つの例は、mycタグ(CAR中に存在する)に対して特異的な抗体を様々なサブセットのAPC上で発現しているCD40、PD-L2又はClec9a何れかに対して特異的である抗体に化学的にコンジュゲート化させることによって生成した。マウスCAR T細胞をBEATの存在下又は非存在下において(APCの起源としての)マウス脾細胞と共にインキュベートした。CARの発現が欠如するT細胞をコントロールとして使用した。CAR T細胞と非コンジュゲート化抗体の存在下でのAPCとのインキュベーションもまたコントロールとして使用した。
定着皮下E0771-Her2腫瘍を有するHer2-トランスジェニックマウスは、CAR T細胞(2×106、i.v.)及び/又はmyc-CD40に対して特異的なBEAT(第0日に36μg、i.p.)を用いて治療した。他のマウス群は、非コンジュゲート化抗myc及び抗CD40抗体の投与を受けた、又は非治療に置かれた(コントロール)。
皮下E0771-Her2腫瘍を有するマウスは、抗HER2 CAR T細胞(2×106、i.v.)をCD40-myc BEAT(第0日に36μg、i.p)の投与と一緒に受けた。他のマウスは、CAR T細胞若しくはBEAT単独の投与を受けた、又は非治療のまま置かれた(コントロール)。
脾臓は、CAR T細胞+CD40-myc BEATによるE0771-Her2腫瘍の根絶後に長期間(>200日間)生残しているマウス又はナイーブマウスから採取し、CAR T細胞を検出するために抗myc及びCD8により染色した。マウス3匹を表すデータ。
Her2特異的CAR T細胞及びCD40-myc BEATによって媒介された皮下E0771-Her2腫瘍を根絶した長期生存マウスを同一のHer2陽性腫瘍細胞(5×105)を用いて反対側の側腹上で皮下注射により再投与した。腫瘍増殖率(上のパネル)及びマウス生存率(下のパネル)は、図14に示した。腫瘍増殖は、コントロールとしてのナイーブマウスにおいて描出した。(再投与群のマウス8匹及びコントロール群の6匹、***p<0.001、****p<0.0001)。
以前にHer2特異的CAR T細胞及びCD40-myc BEATの投与を受けた後にE0771-Her2腫瘍を拒絶していたマウスにHer2発現が欠如するE0771(細胞5×105個)を反対側の側腹上に再投与した。ナイーブマウスにおける腫瘍増殖をコントロールとして示した。腫瘍増殖率(上のパネル)及びマウス生存率(下のパネル)は、図15に示した(再投与群のマウス4匹及びコントロール群のマウス5匹、**p<0.01、***p<0.001、****p<0.0001)。
定着皮下MC38-Her2腫瘍を有するマウスを抗Her2 CAR T細胞(2×106、i.v.)及びCD40-myc BEAT(第0日に36μg)により治療した。他のマウス群は、CAR T細胞若しくは(列挙した)抗体単独の投与を受けた、又は非治療で置かれた(コントロール)。(マウス7匹を有していたBEAT+CAR群を除き、1群当たりマウス6匹。**p<0.01)。
APC発現分子であるPD-L2又はClec9aに対して特異的なBEATは、モノクローナル抗体の抗myc抗体への化学的コンジュゲート化によって調製した。定着皮下E0771-Her2腫瘍を有するマウスは、列挙した治療を受けた、又は非治療のまま置かれた(コントロール)(1群当たり3~6匹、*p<0.05、**p<0.01)。
CAR T細胞は、Her2特異的CARのレトロウイルス導入を用いてヒト末梢血から生成した。CAR T細胞(2×105/ml)をCFSEにより標識し、APCの起源としての5Gy照射CTV標識ヒト血液白血球の存在下において、化学的にコンジュゲート化させた、又は組み換えCD40-myc BEAT(コンジュゲート化3μg/ml、組み換え0.5μg/ml)を用いて、又は用いずに5日間インキュベートした。空ベクターを用いて形質移入したT細胞は、コントロールとして機能した。細胞は、フローサイトメトリーを用いて分析した。
ヒトCAR T細胞は、抗Her2 CARをコードするレトロウイルスベクターを用いて末梢血から生成した。CAR T細胞は、化学的に又は組み換えにより調製したCD40-myc BEATの存在下又は非存在下において5日間に渡りAPCの起源としてのヒト血液白血球と共にインキュベートした。抗CD3は、陽性コントロールとしての一部の培養ウエル内に含めた。上清を採取し、ELISAを用いてIFN-γについて分析した。
定着皮下MDA-MB-231ヒト乳腺腫瘍を有するNod-SCID-γ(NSG)マウスは、コンジュゲート化ヒトCD40-myc BEATを含む又は含まないCAR T細胞の投与を受けた(第0日、36μg、i.p.)。APCの起源として機能させるために、ヒト血液由来白血球(1×106)もまた静脈内注射により送達した。1群のマウスは、コントロールとして非治療のまま置かれた(1群当たりマウス5匹、*p<0.05、**p<0.01、***p<0.001、スチューデントのt検定)。
CAR内の一連の抗原に対して特異的なBEATの能力は、CAR内の異なる場所に組み込まれた抗原(即ち、親和性タグ)を備えるCARを生成することによって評価した。特に、癌胎児性抗原(CEA)特異的CARは、CAR内の中心に所在するmyc抗原を組み込むことによって調製し、Her2-FLAG CARは、CARのアミノ末端内にFLAG抗原を組み込むことによって調製した。
本明細書に提示した結果は、CAR T療法の有効性を増加させるために広範囲の様々なCAR構造と結び付けて使用できるように、BEATを設計且つ特別仕立てできることを証明している。
Claims (44)
- 第1結合ドメイン及び第2結合ドメインを含む二重特異性ポリペプチドであって、前記第1結合ドメインは、抗原提示細胞(APC)上で発現する抗原に特異的に結合する抗体若しくは抗体断片であり、及び前記第2結合ドメインは、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現する免疫細胞上の抗原に特異的に結合する抗体若しくは抗体断片である二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、前記免疫細胞によって発現した前記CAR上の抗原に特異的に結合する、請求項1に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記APCは、樹状細胞、マクロファージ及びB細胞から成る群から選択されるプロフェッショナルAPCであり、好ましくは、前記APCは樹状細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第1結合ドメインは、一本鎖可変断片(scFv)を含む、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、scFvを含む、請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第1結合ドメインは、MHCII、Clec9a、PD-L1、PD-L2、ガレクチン、CD11c、CD19、CD40及びCD83から成る群から選択される前記APC上で発現した抗原に特異的に結合する、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記APCは、腫瘍細胞又は癌細胞ではない、請求項6に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記APC上で発現した前記抗原は、腫瘍関連抗原ではない、請求項6又は7に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記免疫細胞は、T細胞、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球、腫瘍浸潤性リンパ球(TIL)及び制御性T細胞から成る群から選択される、請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記免役細胞は、T細胞である、請求項9に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、前記CAR上の親和性タグに特異的に結合する、請求項1~10の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、免疫細胞上の親和性タグに特異的に結合する、請求項1~10の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、CD3に特異的に結合する、請求項1及び3~10の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、c-mycタグ、FLAGタグ、HAタグ、Hisタグ、Sタグ、SBPタグ、Strepタグ、eXACTタグ、GSTタグ、MBPタグ又はGFPタグから選択される親和性タグに特異的に結合する、請求項2~12の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記親和性タグは、c-mycタグである、請求項14に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第1結合ドメインは、配列番号2若しくは4から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~15の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項13に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第2結合ドメインは、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~11、14及び15の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第1及び第2結合ドメインを連結するフレキシブルリンカーを更に含み、前記リンカーは、配列番号10、12若しくは14から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~18の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記第1及び第2結合ドメインは、化学的にコンジュゲートされている、請求項1~18の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 配列番号16及び18から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~11、14及び15の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 配列番号20及び22から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1、3~10及び13の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 約5時間~約15時間の血漿半減期を特徴とする、請求項1~22の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 前記血漿半減期が約10時間~約12時間である、請求項23に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチド。
- 請求項1~24の何れか一項に記載の二重特異性ポリペプチドをコードする核酸配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するポリヌクレオチド配列。
- 配列番号15、17、19又は21から成る群から選択されるポリヌクレオチド配列又はそれとの少なくとも70%の同一性を有するポリヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項25に記載の核酸配列。
- 制御配列に作動可能に連結した請求項25又は26に記載の核酸配列を含むベクター。
- 配列番号23~26から成る群から選択されるポリヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項27に記載のベクター。
- 請求項27又は28に記載の前記ベクターを含む細胞。
- 二重特異性ポリペプチドを生成するための方法であって:(i)前記二重特異性ポリペプチドを発現させるために好適である培養培地中及び条件下で請求項29に記載した細胞を培養するステップ;及び(ii)前記二重特異性ポリペプチドを前記細胞又は前記培養培地から単離するステップを含む方法。
- 請求項1~24の何れか一項に記載の前記二重特異性ポリペプチドと薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物。
- 癌を治療するための方法であって、それを必要とする対象に治療有効量の:(i)CARを発現する免疫細胞;及び(ii)請求項1~24の何れか一項に記載の前記二重特異性ポリペプチド又は請求項31に記載の前記医薬組成物を共投与するステップを含み、ここで前記二重特異性ポリペプチドは、癌を治療するためのインビボでの前記免疫細胞の前記活性化及び増殖を刺激するために、前記対象の内因性APC上で発現した抗原及び前記免疫細胞によって発現した前記CAR上の抗原に同時に結合する方法。
- インビボでの免疫細胞の前記活性化及び増殖を刺激するための方法であって、対象に有効量の:(i)CARを発現する免疫細胞;及び(ii)請求項1~24の何れか一項に記載の前記二重特異性ポリペプチド又は請求項31に記載の前記医薬組成物を共投与するステップを含み、ここで前記二重特異性ポリペプチドは前記対象の内因性APC上で発現した抗原及び前記免疫細胞によって発現した前記CAR上の抗原に同時に結合し、それにより前記免疫細胞のインビボでの前記活性化及び増殖を刺激する方法。
- インビトロでの免疫細胞の前記活性化及び増殖を刺激するための方法であって:(i)APC又はAPC模擬体、及び(ii)請求項1~23の何れか一項に記載の前記二重特異性ポリペプチドを含む培養培地中でCARを発現する単離免疫細胞を培養するステップを含み、ここで前記二重特異性ポリペプチドは、前記APC又はAPC模擬体上で発現した抗原及び前記免疫細胞上で発現した前記CAR上の抗原に同時に結合し、それによりインビトロでの前記免疫細胞の前記活性化及び増殖を刺激する方法。
- 前記免疫細胞は、T細胞、NK細胞、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球、TIL及び制御性T細胞から成る群から選択される、請求項32~34の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞は、T細胞である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞は、自家細胞に由来する、請求項32~36の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞は、異種同系細胞に由来する、請求項32~36の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記二重特異性ポリペプチドは、MHC-ハロタイプ非依存方法で前記免疫細胞の前記活性化及び増殖を刺激する、請求項32~38の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記二重特異性ポリペプチドは、任意選択的に樹状細胞、マクロファージ及びB細胞から成る群から選択される、前記対象の前記内因性プロフェッショナルAPCに特異的に結合する、請求項32~39の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記二重特異性ポリペプチドは、腫瘍細胞又は癌細胞上の抗原に結合しない、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記二重特異性ポリペプチドによって結合される前記抗原は、腫瘍関連抗原ではない、請求項32~41の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 癌を治療するための医薬品の製造における、請求項1~24の何れか一項に記載の前記二重特異性ポリペプチド又は請求項31に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 癌の治療において使用するための、請求項1~24の何れか一項に記載の前記二重特異性ポリペプチド又は請求項31に記載の医薬組成物。
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