JP2022518038A - Prevention of birds from pesticide-treated substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a bird-blocking composition and a method of using the composition in blocking a bird from ingesting a lethal dose of a pesticide-treated substance, such as a pesticide-treated plant seed. The bird-blocking composition comprises a bird repellent and / or a visual cue agent. A pesticide-treated substance treated with a bird-blocking composition prevents birds from ingesting a lethal dose of the pesticide-treated substance, while treating a non-lethal dose of the same pesticide-treated substance. It does not prevent the ingestion of pests. [Selection diagram] None

Description

Cross-reference to related applications This application claims the priority of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/796051 filed January 23, 2019, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

Related Studies Supported by the United States The studies described herein were supported by the US Ministry of Agriculture.

The art relates to preventing birds from ingesting the same lethal dose of the same pesticide-treated substance without preventing the bird from ingesting a non-lethal dose of the same pesticide-treated substance.

Pesticides and antifungal agents have been applied to a variety of substances, including, for example, crop, flower and vegetable seeds for long-term protection from insect and plant diseases. The active ingredients used in pesticides and antifungal agents have been regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since its inception. For decades, the EPA has determined that many of these active ingredients are harmful to the environment or wildlife, resulting in the adoption of milder substances and the removal of more harmful chemicals from the inventory. This trend continues, and the current list of pesticides registered today still has negative effects.

For example, toxic substances such as Mesurol® (methiocarb) have been used in the past, but now it is banned by the EPA to repel birds. Mesurol® has a very low LD ₅₀ , so birds are not repelled by this compound, but rather are prone to death when consumed in very small amounts.

Seeds accidentally spill during planting on a commercial grain farm. Spilled seeds should be buried to prevent wildlife from trying to eat the spilled seeds, but there are inevitably some seeds that fall to the ground from planting equipment. The spilled seeds are coated with pesticides and / or antifungal agents and will harm birds even if the animal consumes very small amounts.

Pesticides can be fatal to birds in at least two ways. The first point is the direct fatal consequences of eating large enough pesticide-treated substances, such as plant seeds. For example, one corn seed treated with imidacloprid, 3-4 treated cereal seeds, or 4-5 treated canola seeds can be fatal to the average bird. Mineau and Palmer, The Impact of the Nation's Most Widely Used Insecticides on Birds, American Bird Conservancy, March 2013. The second point that pesticides can be lethal to birds is through sublethal effects that can disorient or make predators unavoidable. This effect is a form of addiction, in which birds can behave insensitively and eventually die due to their inability to protect themselves. For example, in the United States, approximately 72,000,000 birds per year are killed directly by pesticides, but sublethal effects have been shown to be 10-fold more prevalent. Previous Mineau and Palmer.

The application of a complete, repellent level dose of avian repellent prevents the impairment of plant seeds, but does not allow wildlife to selectively prevent consumption of pesticides below toxic levels. Complete, repellent level doses of avian repellent have been established to be more than 80% repellent based on laboratory feeding experiments. For example, Werner et al., Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 121: 190-96 (2009); Werner et al., J. Wildl. Manage. 72: 1863-68 (2008); Werner et al., J. Wildl. Manage. 72. : 1007-11 (2008); see Werner et al., J. Wildl. Manage. 71: 1676-81 (2007).

Mineau and Palmer, The Impact of the Nation's Most Widely Used Insecticides on Birds, American Bird Conservancy, March 2013 Werner et al., Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 121: 190-96 (2009) Werner et al., J. Wildl. Manage. 72: 1863-68 (2008) Werner et al., J. Wildl. Manage. 72: 1007-11 (2008) Werner et al., J. Wildl. Manage. 71: 1676-81 (2007)

However, all that is needed is to prevent birds from ingesting lethal doses of substances treated with pesticides or antifungal agents, but birds accidentally ingest non-lethal doses. It is a substantially low dose repellent that is possible, which reduces costs and protects birds from lethal doses of such repellents.

One aspect of the disclosure is a method of preventing a bird from ingesting a lethal dose of one or more pesticide-treated substances at a location, wherein one or more pesticide-treated substances. In addition, (a) anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine. , Cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and (b) TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a bird-blocking composition comprising a combination thereof.
This involves forming one or more bird-blocking pesticide-treated substances, including
A method in which less than about 60% of bird-blocking pesticide-treated substances are not ingested by birds at the location.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preventing a bird from ingesting a lethal dose of a toxicacetate-treated substance, which comprises (a) about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm of the toxicate-treated substance. Anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrilamine, cinnamic aldehyde, A bird-blocking composition comprising cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and (b) about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm of TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a combination thereof is applied, thereby blocking birds. A method comprising forming a pesticide-treated substance.

Further embodiments of the present disclosure include (a) about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm of anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalotrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-. Amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and (b) about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm of TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or these. It is a pesticide-treated substance containing the combination of.

A further aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preventing a bird from ingesting a pesticide-treated plant seed, wherein the pesticide-treated plant seed is (a) anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranil. Benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrilamine, cypress aldehyde, silicate, cinnamide, chitosan , Essential oils, or combinations thereof, and (b) TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or compositions on plant seeds treated with pesticides, comprising contacting with an effective amount of a composition comprising a combination thereof. It is a method that is effective in preventing birds from ingesting pesticide-treated plant seeds, but does not repel birds from locations containing pesticide-treated plant seeds.

Further embodiments of the present disclosure include (a) about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm of anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalotrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-. Amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and (b) about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm of TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or these. Pesticide-treated plant seeds, including coatings containing a combination of.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is that (a) anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-amino in pesticide-treated plant seeds. Acetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and (b) TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a combination thereof. A method of blocking birds from pesticide-treated plant seeds, including applying a blocking effective amount of the composition comprising.

Other aspects, objectives and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the subsequent "forms for carrying out the invention".

Applicants, in detail, incorporate the full contents of all cited references into this disclosure. Further, if a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as either a range or enumeration of upper and lower limits, this is optional regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. It will be understood that the entire range formed from any pair of the upper limit range or value of and any lower limit range or value is specifically disclosed. Where numerical ranges are cited herein, unless otherwise stated, the ranges are intended to include their endpoints and all integers and fractions within the range. The scope of this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular values listed where the scope is defined.

Definitions Many terms and abbreviations are used in this disclosure. The following definitions are given.

As used herein, the terms "about" or "approximately" are 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%. , 0.3%, 0.2% or 0.1%, or less than a given value or range.

The term "contains" is intended to include embodiments encapsulated by the terms "consisting of" and "consisting of". Similarly, the term "consisting of" is intended to include embodiments contained by the term "consisting of".

Although the terms "block", "block", "block" or "block" are sufficient to prevent birds from ingesting lethal doses of pesticide-treated substances. A substance, eg, a plant seed, in some embodiments that is not effective in repelling birds from ingesting the same non-lethal dose of the same substance (the term "repellent" is defined below). Means a pesticide-treated substance, such as a bird repellent applied to plant seeds. This level can vary over different concentrations based on bird species. The terms "blocking", "blocking", "blocking" or "blocking" also refer to avian repellent in an amount such that less than about 60% of the material available at a location is not ingested by the bird. The use of an agent and / or a bird-inhibiting composition comprising a visual cue agent can also be meant. In some embodiments, inhibition is about 59%, about 58%, about 57%, about 56%, about 55%, about 54%, about 53%, about 52%, about 51 of plant seeds at a location. %, About 50%, About 49%, About 48%, About 47%, About 46%, About 45%, About 44%, About 43%, About 42%, About 41%, About 40%, About 39%, It can mean that less than about 38%, about 37%, about 36%, about 35%, about 34%, about 33%, about 32%, about 31%, about 31% or less are not ingested by birds. The treated substance is not completely safe from ingestion by birds, as the amount of avian repellent used is lower than the amount required to be repellent (ie, 80% or more). become. However, the amount of processed material that is accidentally eaten or ingested by birds will fall below the bird's toxicity threshold.

The term "bird-blocking pesticide-treated substance" means that birds are prevented from ingesting lethal doses of pesticide-treated substances, but ingest non-lethal doses of the same pesticide-treated substance. Pesticide-treated containing or otherwise added to a blocking level bird repellent composition and / or visual cue agent (“bird blocking composition”) that is not blocked. Means substance.

The term "effective amount" is from coated plant seeds in said location as compared to uncoated control plant seeds in one location (ie, plant seeds without bird repellents and visual cue agents). The amount of repellent for birds and the amount of visual cue agent in plant seeds within said location, in some embodiments treated with pesticide-treated plant seeds, which results in significant inhibition of birds. The actual effective amount depends on the particular avian repellent and visual cue agent selected, their formulation (depending on whether the avian repellent and the visual cue agent are formulated together or separately). It will vary depending on birds, plant seeds and environmental factors.

The term "essential oil" refers to aromatic volatile liquids extracted from plant materials. Essential oils are often concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic compounds. The chemical constituents of essential oils are general classes such as terpenes (eg ρ-simene, limonene, sabinene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, β-cariophyllene), terpenoids (eg citroneral, timole, carvacrol, carboxylic). , Borneol), and phenylpropanoids (eg, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, vanillin, sabinene). The essential oil may be natural (ie, plant-derived) or synthetic.

The term "pesticide" means an antifungal agent, an insecticide, a nematode pesticide, a herbicide, a phytotoxicant, a bio-pesticide and / or a growth regulator. Also conceived is a mixture of pesticides within one of the above classes and / or a mixture of pesticides from two or more of the above classes. Those of skill in the art are familiar with such pesticides that can be found, for example, in the Pepticides Manual, 16th Edition (2013), The British Crop Protection Council, London. Exemplary pesticides include carbamate, organic phosphorus, organic chlorine pesticides, phenylpyrazole, pyrretoids, neonicotinoids, spinosins, avelmectin, milbemycin, juvenile hormone analogs, alkyl halides, organic tin compounds nereistoxin analogs. , Benzoylurea, diacylhydrazine, METI acaridide, and pesticides such as chloropicrin, pimetrodin, flonicamid, clofentedin, hexithiazox, ethoxazole, diafentiurone, propargit, tetradiphon, chlorophenapyl, DNOC, buprofezin, silomadin, amitraz. , Hydramethylnone, acequinosyl, fluoripyrim, rotenone, or derivatives thereof. Exemplary antifungal agents include dinitroaniline, allylamine, anilinopyrimidine, antibiotics, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzenesulfonamides, benzimidazoles, benzisothiazoles, benzophenones, benzothiazazole, benzotriazines, benzyl carbamate, carbamate. , Carboxamide, Caroic Acid Diamide, Chloronitrile Cyanoacetamide Oxym, Cyanoimidazole, Cyclopropane Carboxamide, Dicarboxamide, Dihydrodioxazine, Dinitrophenyl crotonate, Dithiocarbamate, Dithiolane, Ethylphosphonate, Ethylaminothiazole Carboxamide, Guanidin, Hydroxy -(2-Amino) pyrimidine, hydroxyanilide, imidazole, imidazolinone, inorganic substance, isobenzofuranone, methoxyacrylate, methoxycarbamate, morpholin, N-phenylcarbamate, oxazolidinedione, oxyminoacetate, oxyminoacetamide, peptideylpyrimidine Nucleoside, phenylacetamide, phenylamide, phenylpyrrole, phenylurea, phosphonate, phosphorothiolate, phthalamic acid, phthalimide, piperazine, piperidine, propionamide, pyridadinone, pyridine, pyridinylmethylbenzamide, pyrimidineamine, pyrimidine, pyrimidi Examples thereof include non-hydrazone, pyroquinolinone, quinazolinone, quinoline, quinone, sulfamide, sulfamoyltriazole, thiazolecarboxamide, thiocarbamate, thiophanate, thiophencarboxamide, tolamide, triphenyltin compound, triazine, and triazole. Exemplary herbicides include acetamide, amide, aryloxyphenoxypropionate, benzamide, benzofuran, benzoic acid, benzothia dinone, bipyridylium, carbamate, chloroacetamide, chlorocarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedione, dinitroaniline, dinitrophenol. , Diphenyl ether, glycine, imidazolinone, isooxazole, isooxazolidinone, nitrile, N-phenylphthalimide, oxadiazol, oxazolidinedione, oxyacetamide, phenoxycarboxylic acid, phenylcarbamate, phenylpyrazole, phenylpyrazoline, phenylpyridazine, phosphinic acid , Phosphoramidate, phosphorodithioate, phthalamate, pyrazole, pyridadinone, pyridine, pyridinecarboxylic acid, pyridinecarboxamide, pyrimidindione, (thio) pyrimidinyl benzoate, quinolinecarboxylic acid, semicarbazone, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone, sulfonyl Examples thereof include urea, tetrazolinone, thiadiazole, thiocarbamate, triazine, triazinone, triazole, triazolinone, triazolocarboxamide, triazolopyrimidine, triketone, uracil and urea.

The terms "judicial", "judicial" or "judicial" are, in some places, substances treated with avian repellent, such as plant seeds, and in some embodiments pesticide-treated substances. For example, it means the use of a bird repellent composition in an amount such that more than 80% of plant seeds are not ingested by birds.

The term "lethal dose" means the dose or amount of a substance that is lethal to the bird when ingested by the bird. The term includes sublethal doses that are in an amount that may not directly cause death when ingested, but have the effect of causing the bird to become disoriented or unavoidable to predators. This effect is in the form of poisoning that ultimately leads to death because the bird is unable to protect itself from harm.

The term "non-lethal dose" means the dose or amount of a substance that is not lethal or sublethal to the bird when ingested by the bird.

METHODS: Applicants have developed a pesticide-treated substance with a combination of a non-judicial disqualifying level avian repellent and a visual cue agent, through which birds have a lethal dose of the pesticide-treated substance. Solved the problem of ingesting. As such, the further problem of accidental ingestion of spilled or scattered pesticide-treated substances by birds has also been resolved, the reason for which such substances are taught herein. Preventing such birds from ingesting spilled or scattered pesticide-treated material when coated with the compositions disclosed herein at non-repellent levels of inhibition. Because it is done.

Therefore, a major difference in the use of repellents and inhibitors is the object of the invention. If a known object in the art is to protect pesticide-treated substances, such as plant seeds, from bird impairment, repellent levels of repellent levels (ie, repellent greater than 80%) for birds. Agent / visual cue compositions must be used (see, eg, US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0157477, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). However, as described herein, lower levels of bird repellent / visual cue composition if the purpose is simply to prevent birds from ingesting pesticide-treated material. Objects (ie, 60% or less repellent) should be used. The blocking level of the bird repellent / visual cue composition is a bird repellent amount that is not effective as a repellent, but is effective as a repellent that prevents birds from ingesting lethal doses of pesticide-treated substances. It does not preclude the intake of the same pesticide-treated substance in non-lethal doses that may occur when using a repellent level concentration of the judicial disqualifying / visual cue composition. Cumulative consumption of blocking levels of pesticide-treated material is controlled at subtoxic levels and changes in behavior that can threaten birds.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure prevent birds from ingesting lethal doses of pesticide-treated material, in some embodiments pesticide-treated plant seeds, but in non-lethal doses. Regarding the method, which does not interfere with the intake of the same pesticide-treated substance. The method of this embodiment comprises applying a blocking effective amount of a bird repellent composition, including a bird repellent and a visual cue agent, to the pesticide-treated material.

In some embodiments, the avian repellents are anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, syhalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4, 5-Dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof.

[式中、R₁、R₂及びR₃のうちの1つは、--NH--(CH₂)_m--CH₃であり、他の2つは、それぞれ独立に、水素、又はC_1～4アルキル基から選択され; n及びmは、それぞれ独立に、4～17の整数である(参照により本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許出願公開第2018/0327603号)]
を有する。 In embodiments where anthraquinones are present, the anthraquinones are, for example, 9,10-anthraquinone, 1,4-anthraquinone, 1,2-anthraquinone, 2,6-anthraquinone, 1-nitroanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, 1-amino. Anthraquinone, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone, 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, 2-Methyl anthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-amyl anthraquinone, 2-t-butyl anthraquinone, 2- (4-methyl-pentyl) anthraquinone, 2- (4-methylpentenyl) anthraquinone, 1-methoxyanthraquinone, 1, 5-Dimethoxyanthraquinone, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) anthraquinone, 1,4-bis ((ethenylphenyl) amino) -9,10-anthraquinone, 1,8-bis ((ethenylphenyl) amino) -9,10-anthraquinone, 1-((ethenylphenyl) amino) -9,10-anthraquinone, 1-ethenylphenylamino-4-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 1-((ethenylphenyl) amino ) -4-((4-Methylphenyl) amino) -9,10-anthraquinone, 1,4-bis ((allyloxyethylphenyl) amino) -9,10-anthraquinone, 1- (allyloxymethylphenyl) amino -4-Hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 1- (allyloxyethylphenyl) amino-4-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 1-(4- (2- (allylaminocarbonyloxy) ethyl) phenylamino- 4-Hydroxyanthraquinone, 1- (4- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl) amino-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 2,6-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-2,6 -Dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, 1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-9, It can be 10-anthraquinone, 2,7-dihydroxy-1,8-dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the anthraquinone is structural:

[In the equation, one of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ is --NH-(CH ₂ ) _m --CH ₃ and the other two are independently hydrogen or C, respectively. Selected from _{1 to 4} alkyl groups; n and m are independently integers from 4 to 17 (US Patent Application Publication No. 2018/0327603, incorporated herein by reference)].
Have.

(式中、R_1～8は、独立に、水素原子、又は1～6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基である)
を有する。 In embodiments where anthrahydroquinone is present, anthrahydroquinone may be, for example, 9,10-dihydroanthrahydroquinone, 1,4-dihydroanthrahydroquinone, 1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthrahydroquinone, or any combination thereof. There can be. In some embodiments, anthrahydroquinone is structured:

(In the formula, R _{1 to 8} are independently alkyl groups having a hydrogen atom or 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
Have.

In embodiments in which benzoquinone is present, benzoquinone can be, for example, 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2-benzoquinone, or a combination thereof.

In embodiments where anthranilate is present, the anthranilate can be, for example, methyl anthranilate, ethyl anthranilate, dimethyl anthranilate, diethyl anthranilate, or a combination thereof.

In embodiments where essential oils are present, the essential oils are, for example, peppermint oil, citronella, garlic oil, lavender oil, forest pine oil, cinnamon oil, rosemary oil, eucalyptus oil, basil oil, clove oil, lemongrass oil, thyme oil. , Oregano oil, lemon oil, geranium oil, rosewood oil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the visual cue agent is TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a combination thereof. In embodiments where TiO ₂ is present, TiO ₂ can be from, for example, rutile, ilmenite, anatase, or brookite. In embodiments where CaCO ₃ is present, CaCO ₃ can be, for example, from calcite, aragonite or vaterite. Therefore, in some embodiments, a combination of a bird repellent and a visual cue agent, such as anthraquinone and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; anthrahydroquinone and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; flutranil and TiO. ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; benzoquinone and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; anthranilate and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; caffeine and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; methyl phenylacetate and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; ethyl phenyl acetate and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; o-aminoacetophenone and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof. Combination of; 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; _{veratrilamine} and TiO _{2 ,} CaCO ₃ or a combination thereof; Combinations; silicate and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or combinations thereof; cinnamide and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or combinations thereof; chitosan and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or combinations thereof; essential oils and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or combinations thereof Combinations; or any of the aforementioned bird repellents in TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ or any combination thereof.

A further method in other embodiments is to prevent the bird from ingesting a lethal dose of a toxicogenic agent-treated substance, such as a toxicate-treated plant seed, which has been treated with the toxicogenic agent. The substances are anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cihalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic acid. Treatment with pesticides, including contact with skin aldehydes, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oils, or combinations thereof; and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a composition containing an inhibitory effective amount containing these combinations. Application of a substance-blocking level composition is effective in preventing birds from ingesting lethal doses of cinnamic acid-treated substances, but birds from where they contain cinnamic acid-treated substances. Regarding the method that does not repel.

In addition, some embodiments are methods of preventing birds from ingesting lethal doses of toxicogenic agent-treated material, such as toxicogenic agent-treated plant seeds, to the toxicant-treated material. , Anthraquinone, Anthrahydroquinone, Flutranil, Benzoquinone, Anthranilate, Caffeine, Cihalothrin, Methyl phenylacetate, Ethylphenylacetate, o-Aminoacetophenone, 2-Amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, Veratrilamine, Cinnamic aldehyde , Cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oils, or combinations thereof; and TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a method comprising applying an inhibitory effective amount of a composition comprising a combination thereof.

Bird repellents, visual cues, or both may, in some embodiments, be formulated with suitable inert carriers known to those of skill in the art. Formulations of avian repellents and visual cues can vary depending on the specific target and method of application. The agonist may be formulated, for example, as a solution, emulsion, emulsifying concentrate, suspension concentrate, wetting powder, dust, granules, adherent dust or granules, and / or aerosol. In particular, the carrier is agriculturally acceptable and is an agriculturally acceptable structure, agricultural field or crop, seed, seedling plant, orchard, vineyard, feed, fertilizer, pesticide, animal or insect feed. , And may be suitable for application to combinations thereof. Specific carriers include water, aqueous surfactant mixtures, alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, glycols, ketones, esters, (natural or synthetic) oils, clays, kaolinites, silicas, celluloses, rubbers, Carriers of liquid or solid phases can include, but are not limited to, talc, vermiculates and synthetic polymers. Bird repellents and visual cues can also be formulated in a single composition or in different compositions and applied separately. Bird repellents and / or visual cue agents also include, but are limited to, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, feeds, adjuvants, herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides including pesticides and antifungal agents. Can be formulated in additive mixtures with other agriculturally beneficial agents that are not.

In some embodiments, the steps of application are about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 550 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm. ~ About 300ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 200ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 150ppm, about 150ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 250ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 350ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 400ppm to about 600ppm, about 450ppm to about 600ppm, about 500ppm to about 600ppm, about 550ppm to about 600ppm, about 100ppm to about 600ppm, about 200ppm to about 500ppm, about 200ppm to about 450ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, About 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 250ppm to about 500ppm, about 300ppm to about 500ppm, about 350ppm to about 500ppm, about 400ppm to about 500ppm, about 450ppm to about 500ppm, about 300ppm. It provides a bird repellent composition of ~ 400 ppm, ~ 300 ppm ~ 450 ppm or about 350 ppm ~ 400 ppm applied to pesticide-treated substances. In some embodiments, the pesticide-treated material is about 100, about 105, about 110, about 115, about 125, about 130, about 135, about 140, about 145, about 150, about 155, about. 160, about 165, about 170, about 175, about 180, about 185, about 190, about 195, about 200, about 205, about 210, about 215, about 220, about 225, about 230, about 235, about 240, About 245, about 250, about 255, about 260, about 265, about 270, about 275, about 280, about 285, about 295, about 300, about 305, about 310, about 315, about 325, about 330, about 335 , About 340, about 345, about 350, about 355, about 360, about 365, about 370, about 375, about 380, about 385, about 390, about 395, about 400, about 405, about 410, about 415, about 425, about 430, about 435, about 440, about 445, about 450, about 455, about 460, about 465, about 470, about 475, about 480, about 485, about 490, about 495, about 500, about 505, About 510, about 515, about 525, about 530, about 535, about 540, about 545, about 550, about 555, about 560, about 565, about 570, about 575, about 580, about 585, about 590, about 595 Or it contains about 600 ppm bird repellent composition.

In some embodiments, the steps of application are about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1950 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1900 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1850 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1800 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1750 ppm, about 100 ppm. ~ 1700ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 1650ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 1550ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 1500ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1450ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 1350ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1300ppm, about 100ppm ~ 1250ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 1200ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1150ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 1100ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1050ppm, 100ppm ~ about 1000ppm, 100ppm ~ about 950ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 900ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 850ppm, about 100ppm ~ 800ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 750ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 700ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 650ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 550ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 500ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 450ppm, about 100ppm ~ about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 350ppm, about 100ppm to about 300ppm, about 100ppm to about 250ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 150ppm to about 2000ppm, about 200ppm to about 2000ppm, about 250ppm to about 2000ppm, Approximately 300ppm to 2000ppm, 350ppm to 2000ppm, 400ppm to 2000ppm, 450ppm to 2000ppm, 500ppm to 2000ppm, 550ppm to 2000ppm, 600ppm to 2000ppm, 650ppm to 2000ppm, 700ppm ~ 2000ppm, about 750ppm ~ 2000ppm, about 800ppm ~ about 2000ppm, about 850ppm ~ 2000ppm, about 900ppm ~ about 2000ppm, about 950ppm ~ about 2000ppm, about 1000ppm ~ 2000ppm, about 1050ppm ~ about 2000ppm, about 1100ppm ~ 2000ppm, about 1150ppm to about 2000ppm , About 1200ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1250ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1300ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1350ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1400ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1450ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1500ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1550ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1600ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1650ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1700ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1750ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1800ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1850ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1900ppm-about 2000ppm, about 1950ppm-about 2000ppm, about 200ppm- About 1800ppm, about 200ppm to about 1750ppm, about 200ppm to about 1700ppm, about 200ppm to about 1650ppm, about 200ppm to about 1600ppm, about 200ppm to about 1550ppm, 200ppm to about 1500ppm, about 200ppm to about 1450ppm, about 200ppm to about 1400ppm, About 200ppm to about 1350ppm, about 200ppm to about 1300ppm, about 200ppm to about 1250ppm, about 200ppm to about 1200ppm, about 200ppm to about 1150ppm, about 200ppm to about 1100ppm, about 200ppm to about 1050ppm, about 200ppm to about 1000ppm, about 200ppm. ~ 950ppm, about 200ppm ~ 900ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 850ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 800ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 750ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 700ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 650ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 200ppm ~ about 550ppm, about 200ppm to about 500ppm, about 200ppm to about 450ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 250ppm to about 1900ppm, about 300ppm to about 1900ppm, About 350ppm to about 1900ppm, about 400ppm to about 1900ppm, about 450ppm to about 1900ppm, about 500ppm to about 1900ppm, about 550ppm to about 1900ppm, about 600ppm to about 1900ppm, about 650ppm to about 1900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1900ppm, about 750ppm. ~ About 19 00ppm, about 800ppm to about 1900ppm, about 850ppm to about 1900ppm, about 900ppm to about 1900ppm, about 950ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1000ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1050ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1100ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1150ppm to about 1900ppm, About 1200ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1250ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1300ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1350ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1400ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1450ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1500ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1550ppm to about 1900ppm, about 1600ppm. ~ 1900ppm, about 1650ppm ~ about 1900ppm, about 1700ppm ~ about 1900ppm, about 1750ppm ~ about 1900ppm, about 1800ppm ~ about 1900ppm, about 1850ppm ~ about 1900ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 1750ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 1700ppm, about 300ppm to about 1650ppm, about 300ppm to about 1600ppm, about 300ppm to about 1550ppm, about 300ppm to about 1500ppm, about 300ppm to about 1450ppm, about 300ppm to about 1400ppm, about 300ppm to about 1350ppm, about 300ppm to about 1300ppm, About 300ppm to about 1250ppm, about 300ppm to about 1200ppm, about 300ppm to about 1150ppm, about 300ppm to about 1100ppm, about 300ppm to about 1050ppm, about 300ppm to about 1000ppm, about 300ppm to about 950ppm, about 300ppm to about 900ppm, about 300ppm. ~ 850ppm, about 300ppm ~ 800ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 750ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 700ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 650ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 600ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 550ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 500ppm, about 300ppm ~ about 450ppm, about 300ppm to about 400ppm, about 300ppm to about 350ppm, about 350ppm to about 1800ppm, about 400ppm to about 1800ppm, about 450ppm to about 1800ppm, about 500ppm to about 1800ppm, about 550ppm to about 1800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1800ppm, About 6 50ppm-about 1800ppm, about 700ppm-about 1800ppm, about 750ppm-about 1800ppm, about 800ppm-about 1800ppm, about 900ppm-about 1800ppm, about 850ppm-about 1800ppm, about 900ppm-about 1800ppm, about 950ppm-about 1800ppm, about 1000ppm- About 1800ppm, about 1050ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1100ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1150ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1200ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1250ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1300ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1350ppm to about 1800ppm, about 1400ppm to about 1800ppm. , About 1450ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 1500ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 1550ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 1600ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 1650ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 1700ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 1750ppm ~ about 1800ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1700ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1650ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1550ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1450ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1350ppm, about 400ppm ~ about 1300ppm, about 400ppm ~ About 1250ppm, about 400ppm to about 1200ppm, about 400ppm to about 1150ppm, about 400ppm to about 1100ppm, about 400ppm to about 1050ppm, about 400ppm to about 1000ppm, about 400ppm to about 950ppm, about 400ppm to about 900ppm, about 400ppm to about 850ppm. , About 400ppm-about 800ppm, about 400ppm-about 750ppm, about 400ppm-about 700ppm, about 400ppm-about 650ppm, about 400ppm-about 600ppm, about 400ppm-about 550ppm, about 400ppm-about 500ppm, about 400ppm-about 450ppm, About 450ppm to about 1700ppm, about 500ppm to about 1700ppm, about 550ppm to about 1700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1700ppm, about 650ppm to about 1700ppm, about 700ppm to about 1700ppm, about 750ppm to about 1700ppm, about 800ppm to about 1700ppm, about 850ppm. ~ About 1700ppm, about 900ppm to about 1700ppm, about 950ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1000ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1050ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1100ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1150ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1200ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1250ppm to about 1700ppm, About 1300ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1350ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1400ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1450ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1500ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1550ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1600ppm to about 1700ppm, about 1650ppm to about 1700ppm, about 500ppm. ~ About 1600ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1550ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1450ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1400ppm, 500ppm ~ about 1350ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1300ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1250ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1200ppm , About 500ppm ~ about 1150ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1100ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1050ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 1000ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 950ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 900ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 850ppm, about 500ppm ~ about 800ppm, about 500ppm-about 750ppm, about 500ppm-about 700ppm, about 500ppm-about 650ppm, about 500ppm-about 600ppm, about 500ppm-about 550ppm, about 550ppm-about 1600ppm, about 600ppm-about 1600ppm, about 650ppm-about 1600ppm, about 700ppm- About 1600ppm, about 750ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 800ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 850ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 900ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 950ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1000ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1050ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1100ppm ~ about 1600ppm , About 1150ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1200ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1250ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1300ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1350ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1400ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1450ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 1500ppm ~ About 1600ppm, about 1550ppm ~ about 1600ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1450ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1350ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1300ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1250ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1200ppm , About 600ppm ~ about 1150ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1100ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1050ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 1000ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 950ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 900ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 850ppm, about 600ppm ~ about 800ppm, about 600ppm-about 750ppm, about 600ppm-about 700ppm, about 600ppm-about 650ppm, about 650ppm-about 1500ppm, about 700ppm-about 1500ppm, about 750ppm-about 1500ppm, about 800ppm-about 1500ppm, about 850ppm-about 1500ppm, about 900ppm- About 1500ppm, about 950ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1000ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1050ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1100ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1150ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1200ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1250ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1300ppm ~ about 1500ppm , About 1350ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1400ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 1450ppm ~ about 1500ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1350ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1300ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1250ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1200ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1150ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1100ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1050ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 1000ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 950ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 900ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 850ppm, about 700ppm ~ about 800ppm, about 700ppm ~ About 750ppm, about 750ppm to about 1400ppm, about 800ppm to about 1400ppm, about 850ppm to about 1400ppm, about 900ppm to about 1400ppm, about 950ppm to about 1400ppm, about 1000ppm to about 1400ppm, about 1050ppm to about 1400ppm, about 1100ppm to about 1400ppm. , About 11 50ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 1200ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 1250ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 1300ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 1350ppm ~ about 1400ppm, about 800ppm ~ about 1300ppm, about 800ppm ~ about 1250ppm, about 800ppm ~ about 1200ppm, about 800ppm ~ About 1150ppm, about 800ppm to about 1100ppm, about 800ppm to about 1050ppm, about 800ppm to about 1000ppm, about 800ppm to about 950ppm, about 800ppm to about 900ppm, about 800ppm to about 850ppm, about 850ppm to about 1300ppm, 900ppm to about 1300ppm, Approximately 950ppm to 1300ppm, 1000ppm to 1300ppm, 1050ppm to 1300ppm, 1100ppm to 1300ppm, 1150ppm to 1300ppm, 1200ppm to 1300ppm, 1250ppm to 1300ppm, 900ppm to 1200ppm, 900ppm ~ 1150ppm, about 900ppm ~ about 1100ppm, about 900ppm ~ about 1050ppm, about 900ppm ~ about 1000ppm, about 900ppm ~ about 950ppm, about 950ppm ~ about 1200ppm, about 1000ppm ~ about 1200ppm, about 1050ppm ~ about 1200ppm, 1100ppm ~ about 1200ppm , About 1150ppm-about 1200ppm, about 900ppm-about 1100ppm, about 900ppm-about 1050ppm, about 900ppm-about 1000ppm, about 900ppm-about 950ppm, about 950ppm-about 1100ppm, about 1000ppm-about 1100ppm, about 1050ppm-about 1100ppm, Pesticide Brings a visual cue agent applied to treated substances. In some embodiments, the pesticide-treated material is about 100, about 110, about 120, about 130, about 140, about 150, about 160, about 170, about 180, about 190, about 200, about. 210, about 220, about 230, about 240, about 250, about 260, about 270, about 280, about 290, about 300, about 310, about 320, about 330, about 340, about 350, about 360, about 370, About 380, about 390, about 400, about 410, about 420, about 430, about 440, about 450, about 460, about 470, about 480, about 490, about 500, about 510, about 520, about 530, about 540 , About 550, about 560, about 570, about 580, about 590, about 600, about 610, about 620, about 630, about 640, about 650, about 660, about 670, about 680, about 690, about 700, about 710, about 720, about 730, about 740, about 750, about 760, about 770, about 780, about 790, about 800, about 810, about 820, about 830, about 840, about 850, about 860, about 870, About 880, about 890, about 900, about 910, about 920, about 930, about 940, about 950, about 960, about 970, about 980, about 990, about 1000, about 1010, about 1020, about 1030, about 1040 , About 1050, about 1060, about 1070, about 1080, about 1090, about 1100, about 1110, about 1120, about 1130, about 1140, about 1150, about 1160, about 1170, about 1180, about 1190, about 1200, about 1210, about 1220, about 1230, about 1240, about 1250, about 1260, about 1270, about 1280, about 1290, about 1300, about 1310, about 1320, about 1330, about 1340, about 1350, about 1360, about 1370, About 1380, about 1390, about 1400, about 1410, about 1420, about 1430, about 1440, about 1450, about 1460, about 1470, about 1480, about 1490, about 1500, about 1510, about 1520, about 1530, about 1540 , About 1550, about 1560, about 1570, about 1580, about 1590, about 1600, about 1610, about 1620, about 1630, about 1640, about 1650, about 1660, about 1670, about 1680, about 1690, about 1700, about 1710, about 1720, about 1730, about 1740, about 1750, about 1760, about 1770, about 1780, about 1790, about 1800, about 1810, about 1820, about 1830, about 1840, about 1850, about 1860, about Includes 1870, about 1880, about 1890, about 1900, about 1910, about 1920, about 1930, about 1940, about 1950, about 1960, about 1970, about 1980, about 1990 or about 2000 visual cue agents.

In some embodiments, the ratio of the visual cue agent to the avian repellent composition applied to the pesticide-treated material can be from about 0.1: 1 to about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of visual cueing agent to avian repellent applied to the pesticide treated material is about 0.1: 1, about 0.2: 1, about 0.3: 1, about 0.4: 1. , About 0.5: 1, about 0.6: 1, about 0.7: 1, about 0.8: 1, about 0.9: 1, about 1: 1, about 1.1: 1, about 1.2: 1, about 1.3: 1, about 1.4: 1 , About 1.5: 1, about 1.6: 1, about 1.7: 1, about 1.8: 1, about 1.9: 1, about 2: 1: 1, about 2.2: 1, about 2.3: 1, about 2.4: 1, about 2.5 1, About 2.6: 1, About 2.7: 1, About 2.8: 1, About 2.9: 1, About 3.0: 1, About 3.1: 1, About 3.2: 1, About 3.3: 1, About 3.4: 1, About 3.5 1, About 3.6: 1, About 3.7: 1, About 3.8: 1, About 3.9: 1, About 4: 1, About 4.1: 1, About 4.2: 1, About 4.3: 1, About 4.4: 1, About 4.5 1, About 4.6: 1, About 4.7: 1, About 4.8: 1, About 4.9: 1, About 5: 1, About 5.1: 1, About 5.2: 1, About 5.3: 1, About 5.4: 1, About 5.5 1, About 5.6: 1, About 5.7: 1, About 5.8: 1, About 5.9: 1, About 6: 1, About 6.1: 1, About 6.2: 1, About 6.3: 1, About 6.4: 1, About 6.5 1, About 6.6: 1, About 6.7: 1, About 6.8: 1, About 6.9: 1, About 7: 1, About 7.1: 1, About 7.2: 1, About 7.3: 1, About 7.4: 1, About 7.5 1, About 7.6: 1, About 7.7: 1, About 7.8: 1, About 7.9: 1, About 8: 1, About 8.1: 1, About 8.2: 1, About 8.3: 1, About 8.4: 1, About 8.5 1, About 8.6: 1, About 8.7: 1, About 8.8: 1, About 8.9: 1, About 9: 1, About 9.1: 1, About 9.2: 1, About 9.3: 1, About 9.4: 1, About 9.5 It can be 1, about 9.6: 1, about 9.7: 1, about 9.8: 1, about 9.9: 1 or about 10: 1.

In some embodiments, the bird is, for example, a perch bird from the Passerine, such as a sapioa, a silky-flycatcher, an aridori, a ground aridori, an arisazai, a diaridaceae, a tapakuro, a tyranch, a titira, a contigus, a mycodile, a sharpbill. , Moss, Billeo, Jays, Crow, Kasagi, Watari Glass, Hibari, Swallow, Martin, Chick, Shijukara, Sharpbill, Enaga, Natsuhatch, Kibasiri, Mizosazai, Buyumushikui, Dipper, Palmchat, Kikuitadaki, Mebosomushikui Donacobius, Grassbird, Old World Hitaki, Mukudori, Minus, Tsugumi, Mockingbird, Slasher, Iwahibari, Sekirei, Tahibari, Renjak, Silky-flycatcher, Palmchat, Olive Warbler, Tsumenagahoojiro, Morimushikui, Fukinchou , Sharpbill, juncos, cardinals, gross beak, crocodile, makibadori, ginkgo, gruckle, olivers, finch, old world sparrow, weaver, estrildid finches or weider.

Pesticide-treated substances include any substance treated with any pesticide, and in particular, treated with levels of pesticide that can be lethal to the ingesting bird. Any substance can be mentioned. Some examples include, but are not limited to, crops, seeds, seedlings, orchards, vineyards, feeds, fertilizers, and animal or insect feed. Seeds include plant seeds such as corn, fruits, grains, grasses, legumes, lettuce, millet, embaku, rice, striped crops, sorghum, sunflowers, nuts, turf, vegetables or wheat seeds. Is not limited to these.

The compositions of the present disclosure comprising a bird repellent and a visual cue agent can be applied to pesticide-treated material by any method known to those of skill in the art. For example, bird repellents and / or visual cue agents can be used by spraying the composition onto the pesticide-treated material, or by spraying the pesticide-treated material into a bird repellent and / or visual cue composition. It can be applied to a pesticide-treated substance by immersing it in a liquid dispersion of the above or in a liquid solution of its precursor. In some embodiments, a method of coating a pesticide-treated substance, specifically a pesticide-treated seed, is there, in which a bird repellent and / or visual cue composition or precursor thereof. Includes the use of a "seed box" in which seeds are agitated while spraying onto a liquid coating containing. Fine droplets of the dispersion to be treated can be sprayed at such a rate that the seeds remain free-flowing. The materials to be treated can also be sprayed onto the pesticide treated material while they are fluidized in the air. Bird repellents and / or visual cues and their precursors can be applied in such a manner. It is noted that the pesticide-treated material can also be coated by immersion in the solution to be treated, in some embodiments, this method comprising intensive drying. No further coating thickness is required as long as the coating is sufficient to provide an effective amount of composition comprising a bird repellent and a visual cue agent.

The avian repellent coating allows both compositions (ie, the avian repellent and the visual cue) to be applied simultaneously to the pesticide-treated material, or the avian repellent or the visual cue. One may be formulated such that the coating can be graded so that the pesticide-treated material is first applied and the other ingredients follow. When applied separately, the order of avian repellents or visual cues is particularly as long as the resulting coated coated pesticide-treated material prevents birds from ingesting their lethal doses. It does not matter. In addition, if the avian repellent and the visual cue agent are applied separately, the first coating (ie, either the avian repellent or the visual cue agent) precedes the second coating with the other ingredients. It may be possible to be partially or completely dried. In some embodiments, the first coating may immediately follow the second coating, where drying of the first coating does not occur.

Pesticide-treated plant seeds, including the inhibition level bird repellent compositions of the present disclosure, can be planted by any known method. For example, in some embodiments, the seeds are sown directly into the soil or scattered over the soil. Direct sowing is, for example, spraying (random spread over the target area), row planting (measuring the distance between seed rows), or sowing (eg, hand-sown seeds or open-field sowing). Can be realized by. Due to the blocking nature of coated seeds, spilled or scattered seeds are tolerated in this method, because such spilled or scattered seeds prevent birds from ingesting seeds. Because it will be.

[Example 1]
For the purpose of protecting wild birds from crop seeds (eg corn, rice, soybeans) treated with pesticides such as pesticides or antifungal agents. Table 1 shows the recommended anthraquinone application rates (fluid ounces per 100 weight of seeds) for the repellent and prevention of wild birds from consuming enough seeds to reach the toxicity levels of pesticides in birds. ) Are compared and summarized. The repellent rate may require higher doses to protect the crop seeds from bird impairment where less than 5% of the crop seeds are impaired. This is interpreted as a repellent rate ≥ 80% in the cage bird test. In comparison, inhibition is described as a ≤60% evasion rate. Much less than the dose required to avoid birds repelling, but sufficient to avoid birds from accidental toxicity.

Claims (29)

A method of preventing birds from ingesting one or more pesticide-treated substances at a lethal dose in one place.
For substances treated with one or more pesticides
(a) Anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, sihalothrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic acid. Skin aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and
(b) include applying a bird-blocking composition comprising TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a combination thereof, thereby forming one or more bird-blocking pesticide-treated substances.
A method in which less than about 60% of bird-blocking pesticide-treated substances are not ingested by birds at the location. A way to prevent birds from ingesting lethal doses of pesticide-treated substances.
For substances treated with pesticides,
(a) Approximately 100 ppm to approximately 600 ppm of anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, cinnamic acid, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethylacetophenone , Veratrilamine, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and
(b) A method comprising applying a bird-blocking composition comprising from about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm of TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a combination thereof, thereby forming a bird-blocking pesticide-treated material. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the component (a) of the bird-blocking composition comprises anthraquinone. The method of claim 3, wherein the pesticide-treated substance contains approximately 160 ppm anthraquinone. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the anthraquinone is 9,10-anthraquinone. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the component (b) of the bird-blocking composition is TiO ₂ . The method of claim 6, wherein the TiO ₂ is rutile TiO ₂ . The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the pesticide-treated material comprises about 400 ppm of TiO ₂ . The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the component (b) of the bird-blocking composition is CaCO ₃ . The method of claim 9, wherein the pesticide-treated substance contains approximately 160 ppm CaCO ₃ . The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the component (b) of the bird-blocking composition is TiO ₂ and CaCO ₃ . 11. The method of claim 11, wherein the pesticide-treated material comprises about 400 ppm of TiO ₂ . The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the pesticide-treated substance contains approximately 160 ppm CaCO ₃ . The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the pesticide-treated substance has a repellent property of about 60% or less against birds. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the pesticide-treated substance is a plant seed treated with a pesticide. Prevents birds from ingesting lethal doses of bird-blocking pesticide-treated material, but does not prevent birds from ingesting non-lethal doses of bird-blocking pesticide-treated material, claims 1-15. The method described in any one of the above. (a) Approximately 100 ppm to approximately 600 ppm of anthraquinone, anthrahydroquinone, flutranyl, benzoquinone, anthranilate, caffeine, sialhotrin, methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, o-aminoacetophenone, 2-amino-4,5-dimethyl Acetophenone, veratrylamine, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamide, chitosan, essential oil, or a combination thereof, and
(b) Containing about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm of TiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , or a combination thereof,
Substances treated with pesticides. The pesticide-treated substance according to claim 17, wherein the component (a) is anthraquinone. The pesticide-treated substance according to claim 18, which contains about 160 ppm of anthraquinone. The pesticide-treated substance according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the anthraquinone is 9,10-anthraquinone. The pesticide-treated substance according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the component (b) of the pesticide-treated substance is TiO ₂ . The pesticide-treated substance according to claim 21, wherein TiO ₂ is rutile TiO ₂ . The pesticide-treated material according to claim 21 or 22, which comprises about 400 ppm of TiO ₂ . The pesticide-treated substance according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the component (b) of the pesticide-treated substance is CaCO ₃ . The pesticide-treated substance according to claim 24, which comprises about 160 ppm of CaCO ₃ . The pesticide-treated substance according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the component (b) of the pesticide-treated substance is TiO ₂ and CaCO ₃ . The pesticide-treated material according to claim 26, which comprises about 400 ppm of TiO ₂ . The pesticide-treated material according to claim 26 or 27, which comprises about 160 ppm CaCO ₃ . The pesticide-treated substance according to any one of claims 17 to 28, which is a plant seed treated with a pesticide.