JP2022512952A - 燃料効率を改善するための添加剤としてのアミノアルカンジオールおよびカルボキシレート塩 - Google Patents
燃料効率を改善するための添加剤としてのアミノアルカンジオールおよびカルボキシレート塩 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2022512952A JP2022512952A JP2021524411A JP2021524411A JP2022512952A JP 2022512952 A JP2022512952 A JP 2022512952A JP 2021524411 A JP2021524411 A JP 2021524411A JP 2021524411 A JP2021524411 A JP 2021524411A JP 2022512952 A JP2022512952 A JP 2022512952A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- group
- aminoalkanediol
- primary
- alkylcarboxylate
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003229 2-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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Abstract
Description
であり、式中、R1が、Hまたは飽和脂肪族基もしくは不飽和脂肪族基である、アルキルカルボン酸塩と、を含む燃料組成物が提供される。
本明細書において、次の語および表現は、使用される場合、以下に帰する意味を有する。
ほとんどのガソリン清浄剤およびガソリン分散剤は、燃料中の低濃度添加剤として利用されるとき、顕著な摩擦低減特性を示さない。これらの添加剤をより高い濃度で使用すると、摩擦の低減が観察されるが、燃焼室内の許容し得ないレベルの堆積物などの有害な意図せぬ効果を伴う。有害な効果を軽減するために、摩擦調整剤を添加して、エンジン摩擦を低減させ、燃料経済を高めることができる。いくつかの摩擦調整剤はまた、耐摩耗特性も有し、摩擦摩耗からエンジンの表面を保護する。
燃料添加剤または潤滑油添加剤として有用である摩擦調整剤が本明細書で提供される。従来、摩擦調整剤は潤滑油中で添加剤として使用されてきたが、現代のガソリンエンジンの設計は、摩擦を調整する上で燃料添加剤が潤滑剤を支援する機会を提供する。
本開示のアミノアルカンジオールは無灰であり、C、N、O、およびHの元素に組成上限定される。いくつかの場合では、微量のヘテロ原子(非C、非N、非O、非H)が許容され得ることがある。アミノアルカンジオールの一般的な構造(式1)は、
によって与えられ、
式中、R1は、Hまたは飽和もしくは不飽和脂肪族基であり、R1の主な炭素骨格は、1~25個の炭素、2~20個の炭素、3~15個の炭素、4~10個の炭素などである。適切な脂肪族基には、次の脂肪族基の直鎖型または分枝型、すなわち、ペンチル(式1A)、ヘキシル(式1B)、ヘプタン-2-イル(式1C)、オクチル(式1D)、オレイル(式1E)、2-メチルヘキシル(式1F)、2-エチルヘキシル(式1G)、H(式1H)、4-メチルヘキシル(式1I)などが含まれる。
本開示のアルキルカルボン酸は無灰であり、C、N、O、およびHの元素に組成上限定される。いくつかの場合では、微量のヘテロ原子(非C、非N、非O、非H)が許容され得ることがある。アルキルカルボン酸の一般的な構造は、式2
によって与えられ、
式中、R2はアルキル基であり、R2の主な骨格鎖は、1~25個の炭素、2~20個の炭素、3~15個の炭素、4~10個の炭素などである。適切なアルキルカルボン酸には、次のもの、すなわち、2-エチルヘキサン酸(式2A)、2-プロピルヘキサン酸(式2B)、2-エチルヘプタン酸(式2C)、2-プロピルヘプタン酸(式2D)、酪酸(式2E)、ヘキサン酸(式2F)、3-メチルヘキサン酸(式2G)、2-メチルオクタン酸(式2H)、2-エチルノナン酸(式2I)が含まれる。
第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩は、アルキルカルボキシレートに配位したアミノアルカンジオールの塩である。該塩は、比較的簡単な2工程反応によって合成することができる。アミノヘプタニルプロパンジオール(AHPD)の2-エチルヘキサン酸塩の合成を、例示目的のために、限定することを意図せず、以下に示す。第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールの所望のアルキルカルボン酸塩を得るために、他の合成経路が企図されてよい。
第1の工程(工程1)は、エタノール溶媒の存在下で1当量のアミノプロパンジオールを1当量のグリシドールと反応させることを包含する。他の適切な溶媒には、グリセロール、プロピレン、グリコール、グリコールエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルなどが含まれる。工程2では、工程1から結果として得られた生成物をジクロロメタン溶媒の存在下で2-エチルヘキサン酸とブレンドして、アミノプロパンジオールカルボキシレート塩を形成することができる。他の適切な溶媒には、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、ヘキサン、クロロベンゼン、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、ジクロロエタンなどが含まれる。
本開示の摩擦調整剤は、内燃機関における燃料効率を改善するために、摩擦を低減させ、および/または摩耗を低減させるための炭化水素燃料中の添加剤として有用であることがある。燃料中に使用されるとき、所望の摩擦低減および/または摩耗低減を達成するために必要な添加剤の適切な濃度は、使用される燃料の種類、他の清浄剤もしくは分散剤または他の添加剤の存在、燃料中の添加剤の溶解度などを含むさまざまな要因に依存する。一般に、炭化水素燃料中の本開示の添加剤の濃度の範囲は、25~5000重量百万分率(ppmw)(50~4000ppm、100~3500、150~3000、200~2500、250~2000、300~1500、350~1000などを含むがこれらに限定されない)または0.0025重量%~0.5重量%(0.005~0.4重量%、0.01~0.35重量%、0.015~0.3重量%、0.02~0.25重量%、0.025~0.2重量%、0.03~0.15重量%、0.035~0.1重量%などを含むがこれらに限定されない)の範囲であってよい。一般に、燃料添加剤は、燃料可溶性よりも多い量で添加されないものとする。他の摩擦調整剤が燃料組成物中に存在する場合、より少ない量の添加剤を使用することができる。
本開示の第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールまたは第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩はまた、燃焼エンジン内での望ましくない発火事象を防止するかまたは低減させるために、潤滑油中で使用することもできる。このようにして採用されるとき、添加剤は通常、潤滑油組成物の総重量に基づいて、0.001~10重量%の範囲(0.01~5重量%、0.2~4重量%、0.5~3重量%、1~2重量%などを含むがこれらに限定されない)の濃度で、潤滑油組成物中に存在する。他の摩擦調整剤および/または耐摩耗添加剤が潤滑油組成物中に存在する場合、より少量の添加剤を使用することができる。
摩擦調整剤候補を適切なストック溶液(stock solution)とブレンドすることによって、低温試験溶液を作製した。試験に応じて、ストック溶液は,2-エチルヘキサノールを含有していてよく、または2-エチルヘキサノールを含有していなくてよい。摩擦調整剤およびストック溶液を、19.03重量%の最終試験溶液を結果として得る量で30mLのガラスバイアルに添加した。バイアルに蓋をし、溶液が均質になるまで手で振盪し、次いで、-20℃に設定した冷ウェル内に入れた。試験溶液を目視検査して、設定した時間間隔で28日間、溶液の透明度および沈降物の保有率を監視した。5日間にわたるAHPD、2-EHとAHPDとの塩、およびGMOについての結果の要約を表1Aにおいて見出すことができる。表1の結果の鍵は、表1Bにおいて見出すことができる。表1Bに関して、値3、4、5、および6は液相について不合格評価とみなされるのに対し、値2および3は沈降物についての不合格評価とみなされる。AHPDおよび2-EHとAHPDとの塩はいずれも、5日間にわたってGMOよりも良好に挙動した。
所望のブレンドされた摩擦調整剤をベースライン油配合物に所望の重量%まで添加することによって、さまざまな摩擦調整剤を含むベンチ試験試料を生成した。ベースライン油配合物中の摩擦調整剤の最終用量は、0.25重量%~1.0重量%の範囲である。第2群の基油中のベースライン油配合物は、4.0%のポリイソブテニルスクシンイミド、7.0mmol/kgのジアルキル亜鉛ジチオホスフェート、48.5mmol/kgのスルホン酸カルシウム清浄剤、0.5%のアルキル化ジフェニルアミン酸化防止剤、0.05%の消泡剤および0.3%の粘度指数向上剤からなった。
Claims (35)
- (1)ガソリンまたはディーゼルの範囲で沸騰する50重量%を超える炭化水素燃料と、(2)少量の1つ以上の第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールまたは第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩と、を含む、燃料組成物。
- 前記脂肪族基が、次の炭化水素鎖、すなわち、H、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプタン-2-イル基、オクチル基、オレイル基、2-メチルヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、または4-メチルヘキシル基のうちの1つである、請求項2に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、アルキルカルボン酸のカルボキシレートを含む、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記アルキルカルボン酸が、次の酸、すなわち、2-エチルヘキサン酸、2-プロピルヘキサン酸、2-エチルヘプタン酸、2-プロピルヘプタン酸、酪酸、ヘキサン酸、3-メチルヘキサン酸、2-メチルオクタン酸、または2-エチルノナン酸のうちの1つである、請求項4に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアミノアルカンジオールまたは前記第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、約25~5000重量ppmで存在する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。
- 酸素化合物、アンチノック剤、清浄剤、分散剤、摩擦調整剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、抗乳化剤、流動点降下剤、流動性向上剤、セタン向上剤、または潤滑性添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、次の元素、すなわちC、N、O、およびHに組成上限定される、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記脂肪族基が、次の炭化水素鎖、すなわち、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、セプチル基、オクチル基、またはオレイル基のうちの1つである、請求項9に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、アルキルカルボン酸のカルボキシレートを含む、請求項9に記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記アルキルカルボン酸が、次の酸、すなわち、2-エチルヘキサン酸、2-プロピルヘキサン酸、2-エチルヘプタン酸、2-プロピルヘプタン酸、酪酸、ヘキサン酸、3-メチルヘキサン酸、2-メチルオクタン酸、または2-エチルノナン酸のうちの1つである、請求項11に記載の燃料組成物。
- 内燃機関における燃料経済性を改善するための方法であって、(1)ガソリンまたはディーゼルの範囲内で沸騰する50重量%を超える炭化水素燃料と、(2)少量の1つ以上の第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールまたは前記第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩と、を含む、燃料組成物を、前記機関に供給することを含む、方法。
- 前記脂肪族基が、次の炭化水素鎖、すなわち、H、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプタン-2-イル基、オクチル基、オレイル基、2-メチルヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、または4-メチルヘキシル基のうちの1つである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、アルキルカルボン酸のカルボキシレートを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記アルキルカルボン酸が、次の酸、すなわち、2-エチルヘキサン酸、2-プロピルヘキサン酸、2-エチルヘプタン酸または2-プロピルヘプタン酸のうちの1つである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアミノアルカンジオールまたはアルキルカルボン酸塩が、約25~5000重量ppmで存在する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料組成物が、酸素化合物、アンチノック剤、清浄剤、分散剤、摩擦調整剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、抗乳化剤、流動点降下剤、流動性向上剤、セタン向上剤、または潤滑性添加剤をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、次の元素、すなわちC、N、O、およびHに組成上限定される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- (1)50重量%を超える基油と、(2)少量の1つ以上の第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールまたは前記第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩と、を含む、潤滑油組成物。
- 前記脂肪族基が、次の炭化水素鎖、すなわち、H、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプタン-2-イル基、オクチル基、オレイル基、2-メチルヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、または4-メチルヘキシル基のうちの1つである、請求項22に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、アルキルカルボン酸のカルボキシレートを含む、請求項21に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 前記アルキルカルボン酸が、次の酸、すなわち、2-エチルヘキサン酸、2-プロピルヘキサン酸、2-エチルヘプタン酸、2-プロピルヘプタン酸、酪酸、ヘキサン酸、3-メチルヘキサン酸、2-メチルオクタン酸、または2-エチルノナン酸のうちの1つである、請求項24に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアミノアルカンジオールまたはアルキルカルボン酸塩が、約0.001~10重量%で存在する、請求項21に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアミノアルカンジオールまたはアルキルカルボン酸塩が、約0.5~5重量%で存在する、請求項21に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 酸化防止剤、無灰分散剤、耐摩耗剤、清浄剤、防錆剤、防曇剤、抗乳化剤、摩擦調整剤、金属不活性化剤、流動点降下剤、粘度調整剤、消泡剤、共溶媒、パッケージ相溶化剤、腐食防止剤、染料、または極圧剤をさらに含む、請求項21に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、次の元素、すなわちC、N、O、およびHに組成上限定される、請求項21に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- (1)50重量%を超える基油と、(2)少量の1つ以上の第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールまたは前記第一級もしくは第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩と、を含む潤滑油組成物を内燃機関に供給することを含む、前記機関の燃料効率を改善する方法。
- 前記内燃機関が、火花点火式である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪族基が、次の炭化水素鎖、すなわち、H、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプタン-2-イル基、オクチル基、オレイル基、2-メチルヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、または4-メチルヘキシル基のうちの1つである、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記第一級または第二級アミノアルカンジオールのアルキルカルボン酸塩が、アルキルカルボン酸のカルボキシレートを含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記アルキルカルボン酸が、次の酸、すなわち、2-エチルヘキサン酸、2-プロピルヘキサン酸、2-エチルヘプタン酸または2-プロピルヘプタン酸のうちの1つである、請求項30に記載の方法。
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