JP2022500407A - 人工内耳手術に伴う難聴の治療方法 - Google Patents
人工内耳手術に伴う難聴の治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
2,4−DSPBN(HPN−07)、2,4−ジスルホニルα−フェニル第三級ブチルニトロン;ABR、聴性脳幹反応;BHA、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール;BHT、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン;EDTA、エチレンジアミン四酢酸;CI、人工内耳;COX−2、シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2;dB、デシベル;DNA、デオキシリボ核酸;EIT(電極挿入外傷);ICAM−1、細胞間接着分子−1;IHC、内毛細胞;IL−1、インターロイキン−1;iNOS、誘導性型一酸化窒素合成酵素;kHz、キロヘルツ;NAC、N−アセチルシステイン;NF−κB、核因子カッパB;OC、コルチ器官;OHC、外毛細胞;RWM、正円窓膜;TGF−β、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β;TNF−α、腫瘍壊死因子−α。
本明細書の開示は、人工内耳手術からの聴力に対する悪影響を軽減するための方法を提供し、これは、有効量のHPN−07またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、およびNACまたはその薬学的に許容可能な塩を、人工内耳の悪影響に苦しむ対象に投与することを含む。
2,4−ジスルホニルα−フェニル第三級ブチルニトロンは、2,4−ジスルホニルPBN、2,4−DSPBN、NXY−059、またはHPN−07とも呼ばれる。これは以下の構造を有する。
一部の実施形態において、NACは、N−アセチル−L−システインの異性体的に純粋な形態または濃縮された形態(例えば、各鏡像異性体のモル分率間の絶対差として定義される、95、96、97、98、99、99.5、99.9の鏡像異性体過剰率)である。一部の実施形態において、NACは、N−アセチルシステインのラセミ混合物である。
HPN−07およびNACの投与経路はまた、人工内耳誘発性難聴に対する保護効果に影響を与えうる。一部の実施形態において、HPN−07およびNACは混合物として同時投与される。一部の実施形態において、HPN−07およびNACは、別個の剤形として順次または同時に投与される。
開示された組成物は、幅広いヒト対象を治療するために使用することができる。一部の実施形態において、治療されるヒト対象は成人集団に属しうる。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に開示される医薬組成物は、水性担体、緩衝剤、および/または希釈剤などの一つまたは複数の薬学的に許容可能な担体を含む。
HPN−07、NAC、および/または本発明のHPN−07およびNACの製剤または組成物の組み合わせは、説明書または添付文書とともにキットに一緒に包装されるか、または含まれてもよい。こうした説明書または添付文書は、HPN−07またはその誘導体もしくは塩、およびNACまたはその誘導体もしくは塩の貯蔵寿命を考慮に入れて、時間、温度、および光などの推奨される保存条件に対処しうる。こうした説明書または添付文書はまた、管理された病院、クリニック、またはオフィスの環境外の現場での使用を必要としうる製剤の保存の容易さなど、HPN−07またはその誘導体もしくは塩、およびNACまたはその誘導体もしくは塩の特定の利点に対処しうる。
本発明の説明および添付の特許請求の範囲において使用される単数形「a」、「an」および「the」は、文脈で明確に別途示されていない限り、複数形と互換的に使用され、複数形も含むことが意図されていて、それぞれの意味の中に収まる。また、本明細書で使用される「および/または」は、一つまたは複数の列挙された項目のうちの任意のおよびすべての可能性のある組み合わせ、ならびに二者択一(「または」)で解釈された時の組み合わせの欠如を意味し、包含する。
本開示は、上記の実施形態と併せて説明されているが、前述の説明および例は、本開示の範囲を説明することを意図していて、限定することを意図していないことが理解されるべきである。本開示の範囲内の他の態様、利点および修正は、本開示が関連する当業者にとって明らかであろう。
聴性脳幹反応(ABR)を使用して聴力を評価し、これら聴性脳幹反応はAATの1〜3日前、およびAAT後1時間、8時間、24時間、7日および21日のうちの一つまたは複数の時点で測定された。21日目の試験点でのABR閾値シフトは、永久閾値シフト(PTS)であると考えられた。ABR記録は、ケタミン(90mg/kg)およびキシラジン(9mg/kg)麻酔下で実施した。必要に応じて、少量(初回用量の1/3)の追加麻酔を投与した。ABRは、頭皮上に配置された皮下針電極を介して記録され、活性電極は頭頂に位置し、一方で参照電極および接地電極は、それぞれ同側および対側乳様突起に配置した。電極から得た電気的反応を増幅(100,000倍)し、フィルタリング(100〜3,000Hz)し、信号処理ボード上でデジタル化した。これらは、各刺激レベルに対して21/秒の速度で、1024回の反復にわたって平均化された。音響刺激は、2、4、8、16、および32 kHzの周波数で、5ミリ秒のプラトーおよび0.5ミリ秒のcos2上昇−下降エンベロープを有する交番極性のトーンバーストであった。刺激は、端部に外耳道を封止するゴムチップが備えられた高周波変換器を通して送達された。変換器は、騒音計に取り付けられた成人対象の耳と同等の体積のカプラー空洞を使用して較正された。刺激の生成およびデータ取得は、コンピュータ支援型SmartEP(Intelligent Hearing Systems社、フロリダ州マイアミ)を使用して達成された。
この実施例の目的は、2,4−ジスルホニルPBN(HPN−07)、N−アセチルシステイン(NAC)、およびデキサメタゾンを含む組成物が、モルモットの人工内耳外傷によって誘発される難聴を軽減できることを実証することであった。
この実施例の目的は、人工内耳を有するモルモットに対するNACおよびHPN−07の長期の影響を判定することである。この実験は、人工内耳によって引き起こされる傷害の時間経過を定義し、蝸牛挿入外傷に関連する細胞機構を判定することを目的としている。人工内耳手術の早期効果と遅延効果の両方を調査する。
本実施例の目的は、人工内耳手術によって引き起こされる難聴に対するNACおよびHPN−07(NACおよびHPN−07の組み合わせは、時にNHPN−1010と呼ばれることがある)の送達モードの影響を判定することである。
本実施例の目的は、成体有色素モルモットで実施されたパイロット研究において、人工内耳手術誘発性脳幹反応(ABR)閾値上昇および有毛細胞損失に対する、NACおよびHPN−07の予測される保護効果を評価することであった。
術後のABR閾値シフトを測定するために、実験を開始する前に、試験中のすべてのモルモットに対してベースラインABR記録を実施した。次いでモルモットは手術前の2日間にわたり、未処置のままにしたか、またはプラセボ(生理食塩水)または300mg/kgのNACおよびHPN−07を(それぞれ別々に)含有する生理食塩水(i.p.)のいずれかで前処置(b.i.d.)した。ペルフルオロアルコキシアルカン(PFA)で被覆された銀線(0.0055インチ)を使用して、電極模倣物(A−M System Inc、ワシントン州カールスボーグ)を作製した。移植のための端部を、プロパン/酸素トーチを使用してボール(300〜400um)に溶解した。手術当日、外科手術グレードの銀線蝸牛電極模倣物を、各モルモットの一方の耳に外科的に移植した。経耳後法を使用して、胞および頂点を外科的に露出させた。次いで、胞開口部を2mmのダイヤモンドバーでドリル加工して、正円窓および蝸牛の基底回転を露出させた。次に、外リンパが見えるまで、0.5mmのダイヤモンドバーを使用して、正円窓小窩下で1〜2mmの鼓室階切開(cochleostomy)を実施した。次いで、マイクロ鉗子を使用して銀線を鼓室階に約3.5〜4mm挿入した。胸鎖乳突筋から採取した小さい筋肉移植片(約1×1mm)を電極担体の周りに詰めた。銀線は、歯科セメントを使用して胞に保持した。創傷を二層で完全に縫合した。
図2Aに要約される通り、術後3週時点で、ABR閾値は、蝸牛電極模倣物を移植されてプラセボで処置されたモルモットの蝸牛において広い周波数域(10〜40dB)にわたって有意に上昇し、難聴の段階的変化は頂点から基底(低周波数から高周波数)への様式で起こっていた。これらのモルモットの2〜16kHzの周波数範囲にわたる平均ABR閾値シフト(手術前レベルに対して25.0dB)は、図2Bに示される通り、同じ方法で外科的に移植したが、プラセボまたはNAC/HPN−07のいずれでも処置されなかった未処置対照(25.6DB)について測定されたものと類似していた。しかしながら、NAC/HPN−07で周術期に処置したモルモットの外科的に移植された蝸牛において、平均ABR閾値は、同じ試験周波数範囲にわたって有意に低く(図2A、主な効果、p < 0.01)、平均閾値シフトの顕著な減少(10.4dB)をもたらし、持続的で処置特異的な耳保護効果を示した。本試験の動物数は少数であったが(群当たりn=3)、広範な試験周波数範囲にわたる聴力機能のNAC/HPN−07に特異的な温存は明らかであり、2kHzおよび4kHz試験周波数での平均閾値シフトは3分の1に減少し、16kHzでのABR閾値シフトの統計的に有意な減少は、プラセボまたは未処置対照のいずれで測定されたものよりも2分の1以下の感度閾値を示した。
Claims (32)
- 人工内耳手術を受ける前、手術を受けている間、および/または手術を受けた後に、有効量の2,4−ジスルホニルα−フェニル第三級ブチルニトロン(2,4−DSPBN)またはその医薬的に許容可能な塩、およびN−アセチルシステイン(NAC)またはその医薬的に許容可能な塩を対象に投与することを含む人工内耳手術を必要とする対象における、その人工内耳手術の悪影響を軽減する方法。
- 前記投与が経口的に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が局所的に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が蝸牛に直接行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が全身的に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が鼓室内に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が電極を備えるインプラントの移植を受け、前記対象が前記インプラントの移植を受ける前に前記投与が行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が前記インプラントの移植を受ける前に、前記投与が、潤滑剤をさらに含む組成物を局所的に滴下することによって行われる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が電極を備えるインプラントの移植を受け、前記インプラントが前記組成物を含む外側コーティングを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が感熱性ゲルをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、前記人工内耳手術の前に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、前記人工内耳手術の間に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記人工内耳手術の後に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、前記人工内耳手術の前、手術の間、および手術の後に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が静脈内または局所的に行われ、その後に経口投与が行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、前記人工内耳手術前に経口的に行われ、前記人工内耳手術時または直前に静脈内に行われ、前記人工内耳手術後に経口的に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が電極を備えるインプラントの移植を受け、前記投与が、前記人工内耳手術後に、かつ前記電極をオンにする前に行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が成人集団に属する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が小児集団に属する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記小児集団が、新生児(出生〜1カ月)、乳児(1カ月〜2歳)、発達中の小児(2〜12歳)、および青年(12〜16歳)から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 人工内耳手術を受ける前、手術を受けている間、および/または手術を受けた後に、有効量の2,4−ジスルホニルα−フェニル第三級ブチルニトロン(2,4−DSPBN)またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、およびN−アセチルシステイン(NAC)またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩を対象に投与することを含む人工内耳手術を受ける前、手術を受けている間、および/または手術を受けた後に、感音性難聴と診断されたヒト対象を治療する方法。
- 一つまたは複数の試験周波数で、(ABR反応を引き出すために必要な音圧レベル(dB)で測定された)聴性脳幹反応(ABR)閾値記録を実施することをさらに含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の試験周波数で前記対象について記録されたABR閾値を、同じ前記一つまたは複数の試験周波数で、未処置または対照の対象について記録されたABR閾値と比較することをさらに含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の試験周波数で前記対象について記録された前記ABR閾値が、未処置または対照の対象のものと比較してより低い、請求項23に記載の方法。
- ABR閾値記録が、1〜8kHzの範囲の一つまたは複数の試験周波数で実施される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 投与が、前記人工内耳手術を受ける前、手術を受けている間、および手術を受けた後に行われる、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 人工内耳手術を受ける前、手術を受けている間、および/または手術を受けた後に、有効量の2,4−ジスルホニルα−フェニル第三級ブチルニトロン(2,4−DSPBN)またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、およびN−アセチルシステイン(NAC)またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩をヒト対象に投与することを含む人工内耳手術を受ける前、手術を受けている間、および/または手術を受けた後に複数の有毛細胞の損失を低減させる方法を提供する。
- 前記有毛細胞が、内毛細胞、または外毛細胞、またはその両方を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 1〜8kHzの範囲の周波数地図の周波数位置での前記複数の外毛細胞の損失が、未処置または対照の対象のものと比較して少なくとも約70%低減される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 1〜8kHzの範囲の周波数地図の周波数位置での前記複数の内毛細胞の損失が、未処置または対照の対象のものと比較して少なくとも約38%低減される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 2〜8kHzの範囲の周波数地図の周波数位置での前記複数の外毛細胞の損失が、未処置または対照の対象のものと比較して少なくとも約86%低減される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 2〜8kHzの範囲の周波数地図の周波数位置での前記複数の内毛細胞の損失が、未処置または対照の対象のものと比較して少なくとも約64%低減される、請求項28に記載の方法。
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