JP2022183710A - Controller, garbage incineration facility, control method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a controller capable of suppressing fluctuation of combustion in a garbage incineration facility.SOLUTION: A controller comprises a data acquiring unit that acquires a measured value measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration facility, a combustion speed estimating unit that estimates a combustion speed in an incinerator of the garbage incineration facility using the measured value, and a controller that controls the feed amount of garbage or the flow rate of combustion air, being fed into the incinerator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to a control device for garbage incineration equipment, garbage incineration equipment, a control method, and a program.

Waste power generation, in which a boiler is installed in a waste incineration facility to recover the heat generated during waste incineration and generate electricity using the generated steam, waste is not simply treated as waste, but adds value to waste as fuel. It is economically important in terms of In order to improve the added value of garbage as a fuel, it is most effective to stabilize the amount of generated steam so that power can be generated as planned.

Generally, an incinerator for incinerating municipal waste, industrial waste, etc. is provided with a hopper. Waste is picked up by a crane and thrown into the hopper. The dust is supplied to the incinerator in order by the distributed dust supply device. Although there are various types of dust collectors, the pusher type, which pushes the dust toward the incinerator by reciprocating motion, is often used. A pusher is positioned below the hopper and chute and pushes surrounding debris into the incinerator as the pusher extends. There is a limit to the stroke of the pusher, and once it reaches its limit, it cannot push out any more dust. Therefore, after the pusher has fully extended, it retracts once and then extends again.

There are various types of methods for supplying waste to an incinerator using a pusher. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a control method for adjusting the amount of refuse supplied to an incinerator per unit time by the number of reciprocating motions of a pusher per unit time. In the control method described in Patent Literature 1, the number of reciprocating motions of the pusher per unit time is increased or decreased according to the fluctuation of the moisture content of the waste, thereby suppressing the fluctuation of the steam flow rate. The steam flow rate has the property of fluctuating according to the calorific value per volume of dust supplied. Although the method of Patent Document 1 focuses on the moisture content of the dust as a cause of variation in the calorific value, it is not only the moisture that actually changes the calorific value. For example, the content of synthetic resin in dust affects the calorific value in the same way as moisture does.

Moreover, the method of Patent Document 1 requires a sensor for moisture measurement. Furthermore, in the case of the method described in Patent Literature 1, when dust containing a lot of moisture is detected, activation or deactivation of combustion that occurs when the dust is supplied to the incinerator is predicted, and feedforward compensation is performed. However, there is an error in the feedforward compensation because the time between the detection of moisture and the actual feed to the furnace cannot be accurately controlled.

Patent Literature 2 discloses a waste combustion control method for calculating an estimated calorific value per amount of waste. In the case of the combustion control method of Patent Document 2, the boiler evaporation amount is calculated based on the estimation of the calorific value per unit supply amount of the waste. However, as described below, data for several hours are required to estimate the calorific value per unit supply of waste, and the estimated value is an average value for several hours. If the nature of waste fluctuates over time, it is not possible to timely estimate the current "calorific value of waste per unit time." For this reason, the estimated boiler evaporation amount used for dust feeding and adjustment of the primary combustion air is inaccurate, and variations in the boiler evaporation amount are unavoidable. In addition, in Patent Document 3, in paragraph 0013, it is assumed that the garbage is composed of moisture, combustible content, and ash, and the ash content ratio and the combustible component composition ratio of the garbage are constant, and the lower calorific value of the combustible content only is calculated based on the long-term mass balance, and for other necessary process values, the mass and heat balance is calculated using the average value of several minutes to 60 minutes, and the lower calorific value of the waste is estimated. It is However, it is difficult to estimate the higher calorific value or lower calorific value in a short period of time, such as one minute. The lower calorific value and the higher calorific value are the calorific value per unit mass [J/kg], and are theoretically calculated by the following formula (1) for the waste to be supplied. Since the following explanation is common to both the lower heating value and the higher heating value, the lower heating value will be unified.

The denominator of Equation (1) is the mass [kg] of the refuse supplied from time t1 to time t2. The numerator represents the calorific value [J] of the dust supplied from time t1 to time t2. The integration interval of the denominator, the time difference between the start point t1 and the end point t2, may be, for example, one minute or less. However, the integration interval of the numerator, the time difference between the start point t1 and the end point t3, cannot necessarily be treated as such. Pulverized coal, petroleum, and combustible gas burn up as soon as they are supplied to the furnace. It can be calculated within 1 minute. If it burns out immediately after being supplied, it is not important to distinguish when the heat is generated by the supplied dust in the calculation of the numerator. It is permissible to use the amount of heat generated by the dust supplied to the However, unlike pulverized coal and the like, it takes one hour or more to burn out garbage, so t3, which is the end point of integration of the calorific value, must be longer than t2 by at least one hour. Therefore, the calculation of the numerator of formula (1) requires long-term data of at least the time until burnout (for example, about one hour). However, what the calculation tells us is the lower heating value of the waste that was fed in one hour earlier. Knowing the lower heating value an hour ago is not very useful for real-time control.

In practice, the delay is more than an hour. This time delay will be described below. Since the calorific value from time t1 to time t3 includes the calorific value of the dust already in the furnace that was supplied before time t1 and the calorific value of the dust that was supplied after time t2, the numerator of equation (1) is In the calculation of , only the heat generated by the dust supplied between the time t1 and the time t2 must be separately calculated from the heat generated by the dust, which is difficult. Therefore, if the calorific value is simply integrated, the calorific value in the denominator is the total calorific value from time t1 to time t3, while the supply quantity in the numerator is limited to the quantity supplied from time t1 to t2. Therefore, the lower heating value becomes excessive. For example, if t1 = 0, t2 = 1 minute, it takes 60 minutes to burn out, and t3 = 61 minutes, simply integrating the calorific value will result in a lower calorific value approximately 60 times the actual value. In order to prevent this, it is effective to make the integration interval of the denominator several times longer than the time until the garbage burns out, and bring the values of t2 and t3 close to each other. For example, if t1=0, t2=300 minutes, t3=360 minutes, then the lower heating value is 1.2 times the actual value, which can be a good approximation. However, the value of the lower calorific value obtained by this method is delayed in time and is an average of the calorific value over a long period of time, not the timely calorific value from time to time. Thus, the lower heating value estimate is theoretically associated with many hours of delay and averaging, and is not useful for maneuvering when combustion conditions change rapidly.

JP 2019-178850 A Japanese Patent No. 5996762 Japanese Patent No. 3822328 Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-61621

To provide a control method for early detection of fluctuations in combustion in a garbage incinerator and for suppressing the fluctuations.

The present disclosure provides a control device, garbage incineration equipment, control method, and program that can solve the above problems.

The control device of the present disclosure includes a data acquisition unit that acquires measured values measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration facility, and a burning rate estimation unit that estimates the combustion rate in the incinerator of the garbage incineration facility using the measured values. and a control unit for controlling the amount of refuse to be supplied or the flow rate of combustion air to be supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion speed.

Further, the control method of the present disclosure includes the steps of acquiring a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration facility, estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the garbage incineration facility using the measurement value, and and controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

Further, the garbage incineration equipment of the present disclosure includes an incinerator that incinerates garbage, a dust supply device that supplies garbage to the incinerator, a blower that supplies combustion air to the incinerator, and from the blower to the incinerator. A combustion air valve for controlling the flow rate of the supplied combustion air, and the control device described above.

In addition, the program of the present disclosure includes a step of obtaining a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration facility in a computer, and a step of estimating a burning rate in an incinerator of the garbage incineration facility using the measurement value. and controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

According to the control device, the garbage incineration equipment, the control method, and the program described above, fluctuations in combustion in the garbage incineration equipment can be suppressed.

It is a figure which shows an example of the refuse incineration equipment which concerns on each embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the functional structure of the principal part of the control apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of operation|movement of the control apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the functional structure of the principal part of the control apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of operation|movement of the control apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the functional structure of the principal part of the control apparatus which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of operation|movement of the control apparatus which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the functional structure of the principal part of the control apparatus which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the functional structure of the principal part of the control apparatus which concerns on 5th embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of operation|movement of the control apparatus which concerns on 5th embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of main parts of a control device according to a sixth embodiment; It is a figure which shows an example of operation|movement of the control apparatus which concerns on 6th embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the hardware constitutions of the control apparatus which concerns on each embodiment.

Hereinafter, the garbage incineration equipment of the embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are given to components having the same or similar functions. Duplicate descriptions of these configurations may be omitted. "XX or YY" is not limited to either one of XX and YY, but may include both XX and YY. This is also the case when there are three or more selective elements. "XX" and "YY" are arbitrary elements (eg, arbitrary information).

(System configuration)
Drawing 1 is a figure showing an example of the garbage incineration equipment concerning each embodiment.
The garbage incineration equipment 100 includes a hopper 1 into which garbage is thrown, a chute 2 that guides the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 downward, a pusher 10 that feeds the garbage supplied through the chute 2 into the combustion chamber 6, and a pusher 10. A fire grate 3 for drying and burning while transporting the refuse supplied by 10, a combustion chamber 6 for burning the refuse, an ash outlet 7 for discharging ash, and a blower 4 for supplying air. , a plurality of wind boxes 5A to 5E that guide the air supplied by the blower 4 to each part of the grate 3, a pipeline 14 that directly supplies the air supplied by the blower 4 to the combustion chamber 6, and a boiler 9 , provided.

The pusher 10 is a dust feeder that moves in the direction of the arrow α and pushes out the dust supplied through the chute 2 to supply the dust to the fire grate 3 . A fire grate 3 is provided at the bottom of the chute 2 and the combustion chamber 6 to convey refuse. The grate 3 consists of a drying zone 3A that evaporates and dries the dust supplied by the pusher 10, a combustion zone 3B that is located downstream of the drying zone 3A and burns the dried garbage, and a combustion zone 3B. A post-combustion zone 3C is located in the downstream and burns unburned components such as fixed carbon components that have passed through without being burned until they become ash. A control signal from the control device 20 is received to control the operating speed of the grate 3 .

The blower 4 is provided below the fire grate 3 and supplies air to each part of the fire grate 3 through the wind boxes 5A to 5E. Branch pipes connecting the pipe line 8F and the wind boxes 5A to 5E are connected to the pipe line 8F that guides the air sent from the blower 4 to the wind boxes 5A to 5E, and the branch pipes are provided with valves 8A to 8E, respectively. By adjusting the opening degrees of the valves 8A-8E, the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the wind boxes 5A-5E can be adjusted. A control signal from the control device 20 is received to control the blowing amount of the blower 4 and the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E. Valves 8A-8E may be collectively referred to as primary combustion air valves.

The combustion chamber 6 is composed of a primary combustion chamber 6A and a secondary combustion chamber 6B above the grate 3, and the boiler 9 is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber 6. The primary combustion chamber 6A is provided above the grate 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided further above the primary combustion chamber 6A. In the primary combustion chamber 6A, the pyrolysis gas generated from the garbage is burned, and the unburned pyrolysis gas remaining in the primary combustion chamber 6A is sent to the secondary combustion chamber 6B, where it is It is mixed with the secondary combustion air to burn the unburned components as well. The secondary combustion chamber 6B of the combustion chamber 6 is connected to a conduit 14 that connects the blower 4 and the secondary combustion chamber 6B. can be supplied. A control signal from the control device 20 is received to control the opening of the valve 14A. Valve 14A may be referred to as a secondary combustion air valve. The boiler 9 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas sent from the combustion chamber 6 and the water circulating in the boiler 9 to generate steam. The steam is supplied through a pipeline 13 to a turbine for power generation (not shown). The pipeline 13 is provided with a steam flow rate sensor 11 that detects the flow rate of steam. The steam flow rate sensor 11 is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured value measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 is transmitted to the control device 20 .

An exhaust gas outlet of the boiler 9 is connected to a flue 12, and exhaust gas heat-recovered by the boiler 9 passes through the flue 12, passes through an exhaust gas treatment facility (not shown), and is discharged to the outside.

The flue 12 is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor 15 for detecting the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. The oxygen concentration sensor 15 is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured value measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15 is transmitted to the control device 20 . The second pass of the boiler is provided with a temperature sensor 17A for measuring the temperature of the second pass, and the flue 12 is provided with a CO concentration sensor 17B for measuring the CO concentration of the exhaust gas and a NOx concentration sensor 17C for detecting the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas. and is provided. Each of these sensors 17A-17C is connected to control device 20, and the measured values measured by sensors 17A-17C are transmitted to control device 20. FIG. Further, a flow rate sensor 17D for detecting the flow rate of the primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber 6A through the wind boxes 5A to 5E is provided in the pipeline 8F, and a flow sensor 17D is provided in the pipeline 14 to detect the secondary combustion chamber 6B. A flow sensor 17E is provided for detecting the flow rate of the secondary combustion air supplied to. These sensors 17D-17E are connected to the controller 20, and the measured values measured by the flow sensors 17D-17E are sent to the controller 20. FIG. A temperature sensor 16 for measuring the temperature inside the combustion chamber 6 is provided in the combustion chamber 6 . The temperature sensor 16 is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured values measured by the temperature sensor 16 are transmitted to the control device 20 . These sensors are provided in a general refuse incineration power plant.

The control device 20 includes a data acquisition section 21 , a combustion rate estimation section 22 , a control section 23 and a storage section 24 .
The data acquisition unit 21 acquires various data such as measurement values measured by the sensors 11, 15, 16, 17A to 17D and user instruction values. For example, the data acquisition unit 21 acquires the measured value of the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 .

The combustion speed estimator 22 calculates the combustion speed of dust in the combustion chamber 6 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as furnace). As disclosed in Patent Document 4, the causes for the decrease in the calorific value in the furnace are: (a) when the amount of combustible waste is reduced in the furnace (fuel shortage); If the fire is extinguished (excess fuel), there are conflicting causes. When the calorific value decreases, the flow rate of steam measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 also decreases. Therefore, the decrease in the flow rate of steam is also due to conflicting causes (a) and (b). In the conventional combustion control, in order to compensate for the fuel shortage in (a), if the cause is (b), the garbage will continue to be supplied continuously, and the calorific value will decrease further (reverse response). Sometimes. Therefore, in the conventional plant, if the calorific value decrease continues for a certain long period of time, an alarm is issued, and the operator assumes the cause and performs a recovery operation to eliminate the cause. On the other hand, in the present disclosure, the combustion rate estimating unit 22 determines the difficulty of burning the waste in the furnace as a whole, that is, the combustion per unit time that occurs in the furnace, in other words, the combustion rate, the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, Based on the "existing" sensors (steam flow rate sensor 11, temperature sensor 16, oxygen concentration sensor 15 in order) such as the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, the estimated combustion speed is estimated in real time based on the amount of combustion air supply and the amount of dust. Used to calculate the amount of supply. As will be described later, in the dust supply amount control of the present disclosure, the dust supply amount is determined by feedback control so as to suppress fluctuations in the steam flow rate. At that time, the setting value of the feedback controller that commands the dust supply amount is adapted to the estimated burning rate. Specifically, for example, when the waste is difficult to burn (the burning speed is low), (b) is applied, so the feedback gain is lowered to avoid oversupply. Otherwise, since it corresponds to (a), the feedback gain is set to the normal value. As a result, it is possible to appropriately deal with the decrease in the amount of heat generated in (a) and (b).

In order for the estimation result of the burning velocity to function as intended, it is important to estimate the burning velocity of the dust as quickly as possible. As described using Patent Documents 2 and 3, there is a theoretical problem in estimating the calorific value (lower calorific value) per unit supply amount of dust. Therefore, in the present disclosure, the burning rate is used as an index instead of the lower heating value. The lower calorific value is the calorific value per unit mass of dust fed, while the burning rate represents the heat generation of the entire furnace, regardless of the mass of the dust in the furnace. Moreover, the combustion rate includes not only combustion of refuse in the furnace but also combustion of pyrolysis gas. As described above, in the refuse incineration facility 100, it takes time for the refuse to burn up after it is put in, so a large amount of refuse accumulates in the furnace. Although the accumulated burning rate is substantially constant in the furnace as a whole, it fluctuates with time, and the result is the fluctuation of the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 . There are various reasons for the fluctuation of the burning speed, such as newly supplied dust containing a lot of moisture that interferes with the combustion of the surroundings, and changes in the supply of combustion air due to the collapse of the dust layer. Fluctuations in the combustion speed also appear in measured values of the refuse incineration facility 100 (the above-mentioned combustion chamber temperature, oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, etc.) in addition to the steam flow rate. In the present disclosure, the combustion rate in the furnace is estimated in real time from the measured values of the existing sensors.

(Procedure for estimating burning speed)
In the refuse incineration facility 100, it is inevitable that the burning rate of refuse constantly fluctuates. In the garbage incineration equipment 100, even if some of the supplied garbage burns instantly, most of it accumulates as combustibles on the grate 3 of the furnace and burns sequentially from the dry part. For example, suppose there is a clump of dust that has been dried and its surface is on fire. At that time, when the fire grate 3 moves and the lump of dust cracks, and a new surface comes into contact with the combustion air, new combustion starts from there, and the combustion speed of the whole furnace increases. Conversely, if the surface is covered with dust containing a lot of moisture and the temperature drops, or if the supply of combustion air is interrupted, combustion will be hindered and the combustion rate of the furnace as a whole will decrease. In the garbage incineration facility 100, such fluctuations in combustion speed are constantly occurring. In contrast, the combustion of pulverized coal, or oil or natural gas, burns out instantaneously once it is fed into the furnace, so if the supply flow rate is constant, the burning rate is also constant.

The measured value y of the garbage incineration equipment 100 also fluctuates due to fluctuations in the combustion speed q. Both fluctuations are approximated by a linear expression as shown in Equation (2).
y=c ₁ ×q (2)
In the following description, it is assumed that the measured value y is the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. These are just examples, and may be boiler two-pass temperature, exhaust gas NOx concentration, exhaust gas CO concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, secondary combustion air flow rate, and the like. _c1 in equation (2) is a coefficient vector of 3 rows and 1 column. _c1 represents the variation of the measured value y, that is, the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas when the combustion rate increases. As the combustion amount increases, the steam flow rate increases, the combustion chamber temperature increases, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas decreases. _c1 is a coefficient vector that quantifies the increase or decrease.

Equation (2) gives the variation of the measured value y from the variation of the burning speed q, but the burning speed q cannot be back calculated as it is. A method for estimating the burning speed from the variation of the measured value y will be described below. First, a measured value vector y whose column elements are measured values of steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, oxygen concentration of exhaust gas, etc. is constructed, and a variance-covariance matrix _Q0 is obtained as shown in equation (3). Var(y) represents the variance-covariance matrix of vector y.
□Q ₀ =Var(y) (3)
Next, singular value decomposition is performed on the variance-covariance matrix Q ₀ to obtain singular vectors u _i (i=1, 2, 3) and singular values σ ² _i (i=1, 2, 3) of equation (4). . Here singular values are sorted in order of magnitude according to the singular value decomposition convention. That is, σ ² ₁ is the maximum singular value and σ ² ₃ is the minimum singular value. The superscript T represents the transpose of a matrix or vector.

Next, assuming that there is an unknown disturbance ρ, the change in the measured value y is represented by the singular vector u and the unknown disturbance ρ as in the following equation (5). The unknown disturbance ρ contains the fluctuation q of the burning speed of the equation (2) as a component, but the actual situation is not known yet. The relationship between the two will be explained below. The value of u is determined by singular value decomposition of the variance-covariance matrix _Q0 of the measurement value vector y. Assuming that the measured value vector y fluctuates due to an unknown disturbance ρ, the measured value vector y is represented by a linear combination of ρ as in Equation (5). Elements of ρ are represented as ρi (i=1, 2, 3).

Due to the symmetry of the variance-covariance matrix _Q0 , the singular vector u has the property of Equation (6).

Therefore, from equations (5) and (6), the value of ρ is explicitly determined as in equation (5A).

The variance-covariance matrix of ρ is given by Equation (7).

The variance of ρ ₁ , which is the first element of the unknown disturbance, is the maximum singular value σ ₁ ² , as shown in Equation (7), so the variation of the measured value vector y is mainly due to ρ ₁ . Because from the property of singular value,
Var(y1)+Var(y2)+Var(y3)=σ ₁ ² +σ ₂ ² +σ ₃ ²
... (8)
holds, and particularly if σ ₁ ² >>σ ₂ ² +σ ₃ ² , the approximation is given by the following equation (8A).

Equation (8A) expresses that the variation of the measurement vector y is governed by _ρ1 . On the other hand, since it is known that fluctuations in the measured values of the garbage incineration equipment 100 are caused by fluctuations in the combustion speed, it is rational to use _ρ1 as an estimated value of the combustion speed q. Taking out the part related to the calculation of ρ1 from the equation (5A), the equation (9) is obtained as an estimation equation of the fluctuation of the burning speed. According to the formula (9), the estimated value of the burning speed q can be quickly calculated with a small amount of calculation based on the measured value y.

As described above, in estimating the combustion burning rate q, instead of/in addition to the combustion chamber temperature, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, the steam flow rate, the boiler 2-pass temperature, the CO concentration of the exhaust gas, the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas, the primary combustion Air flow rate, secondary combustion air flow rate, etc. may be used.

The method for estimating the combustion speed q described above is just an example, and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an estimation model for estimating the burning speed q may be created using techniques such as neural networks and deep learning.

The control unit 23 controls operations of the refuse incineration facility 100 . For example, while monitoring the steam flow rate and the like measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11, the amount of dust supplied to the combustion chamber 6 and the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 6 are calculated, and by adjusting these, the amount of dust is reduced. Combustion control. Specifically, the control unit 23 supplies a desired amount of combustion air to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the rotational speed of the blower 4 and the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A. to the combustion chamber 6. For example, the dust supply amount is calculated based on the deviation between the measured value of the steam flow rate and the set value, and the combustion air supply amount is calculated based on the set value of the steam flow rate. In the present disclosure, in addition to this, the real-time burning speed q estimated by the burning speed estimating unit 22 is added to calculate the amount of dust supply and the amount of combustion air supplied (first embodiment to sixth embodiment form).

The storage unit 24 stores information acquired by the data acquisition unit 21 and information necessary for control, such as the steam flow rate setting value SV.

<First embodiment>
Control of the refuse incineration equipment 100 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
(Constitution)
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the main parts of the combustion speed estimator 22 and the controller 23 of the controller 20. As shown in FIG. The combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q according to the procedure described above. The control unit 23 has a coefficient calculation table 231 and a PI controller 232 . The set value SV of the steam flow rate is recorded in the storage unit 24 . The garbage incineration facility 100 is operated so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 becomes the set value SV.

The control unit 23 changes the strength of the dust supply control according to the combustion speed q. For example, if a PI controller is used to regulate the dirt feed rate, the value of the proportional gain is changed according to the burn rate q. As shown in the coefficient calculation table 231 of FIG. 2, the gain varying coefficient β is set in advance as a function of the combustion speed q. Based on the burning speed q, the control unit 23 refers to the coefficient calculation table 231 and acquires the coefficient β corresponding to the burning speed q. The PI controller 232 inputs, for example, the set value (target value) SV of the steam flow rate (t/h) and the measured value PV by the steam flow rate sensor 11, and performs PI calculation (proportional integral calculation) on the deviation. output the dust supply amount (m ³ /h) as MV. At that time, the proportional gain _KP of the PI control is changed by multiplying it by a gain varying coefficient β as shown in the following equation (10).

As for the method of change, when the burning speed q is small, that is, when it is difficult to burn (above (b)), there is no need to add more dust because the dust remains in the furnace without being burned. Therefore, the proportional gain for increasing the dust supply amount in proportion to the steam flow rate deviation is halved, for example. When changing the proportional gain of the PI controller 232 during operation, the controller is typically implemented with a velocity type algorithm. In addition to the proportional gain, the PI controller 232 also adjusts the integral time constant _TI . The integral time constant _TI may also be changed according to the combustion speed q, like the proportional gain. The control unit 23 controls the extrusion amount of the pusher 10 based on the MV output by the PI controller 232 .

(motion)
Next, with reference to FIG. 3, the flow of processing (garbage supply amount control) according to the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment;
The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23 perform the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 detects the steam flow PV measured by the steam flow sensor 11, the O2 concentration measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15, the temperature of the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 16, and the temperature of the boiler 2 pass measured by the temperature sensor 17A. , the exhaust gas CO concentration measured by the CO concentration sensor 17B, the exhaust gas NOx concentration measured by the NOx concentration sensor 17C, the primary combustion air flow rate measured by the flow sensor 17D, and the secondary combustion air flow rate measured by the flow sensor 17E. (step S 1 ), and outputs these values to the combustion speed estimator 22 and the controller 23 .

The combustion speed estimating unit 22 preferably selects a plurality of ( ) is used to estimate the burning speed q from equation (9) (step S2). The combustion speed estimator 22 outputs the combustion speed q to the controller 23 .

Next, the control unit 23 calculates the coefficient β based on the combustion speed q and the coefficient calculation table 231 . Next, the control unit 23 reads out the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24, the calculated coefficient β, the set value SV of the steam flow rate, the steam flow rate PV acquired by the data acquisition unit 21, and the formula Based on (10), the dust supply amount MV is calculated (step S3). The control unit 23 controls the movement amount (extrusion amount) of the pusher 10 so that the refuse supply amount MV can be supplied into the furnace.

According to the present embodiment, based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, the waste burning rate of the entire furnace is estimated, and the steam flow rate is The set value (gain) of the PI controller 232 that feeds back the deviation between the set value and the measured value to the dust supply is changed. As a result, the flow rate of steam to the turbine can be made uniform, and the amount of power generated can be increased and stabilized. In addition, by stabilizing the combustion in the combustion chamber 6, the emission of NOx, CO, etc. can be suppressed.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, (E1) Based on the measured values of the existing sensors (sensors that reflect fluctuations in combustion speed) in the garbage incineration equipment 100 such as the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas , to estimate the burning speed q of the dust, no additional sensor is required. (E2) Using the calorific value that depends on the amount of dust supplied as an index, instead of focusing on specific factors such as the moisture content of the dust as the cause of fluctuations in the calorific value, using the burning rate that does not depend on the amount of dust supplied as an index, Even if the combustion state fluctuates due to various factors, the fluctuation can be detected and linked to control (the effect is not limited), without the effect being limited to the particular element of interest. (E3) If the calorific value with respect to the amount of dust supplied is used as an index for control, an error occurs in estimating the calorific value due to the time difference from when the dust is supplied until it burns. is used as an index. The calorific value is the calorific value per unit mass of refuse fed, while the burning rate represents the heat generation of the entire furnace and is independent of the mass of refuse in the furnace. As a result, there is no error that occurs when the amount of heat generated is used as the control index. Such an effect is obtained.

<Second embodiment>
Control of the refuse incineration facility 100 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG.
(Constitution)
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of main parts of a control device according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the main parts of the combustion speed estimating section 22 and the control section 23A in the control device 20. As shown in FIG. The combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q according to the procedure described above. The control unit 23</b>A includes a primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233 and an adder 234 . The storage unit 24 records the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the reference opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A with respect to the set value SV.

The second embodiment is mainly effective when combustion in the furnace is excessively active, that is, when the combustion speed q is high. Combustion air is supplied to the refuse incineration facility 100 by the blower 4 . A part of the air passes through the wind boxes 5A to 5E as primary combustion air and flows into the combustion chamber 6 after penetrating the dust layer deposited on the fire grate 3 from the bottom to the top. When the primary combustion air penetrates the garbage layer, part of the primary combustion air is used for combustion inside the garbage layer, and the combustible pyrolysis gas generated in the garbage layer by the heat generated by the primary combustion air is used for the primary combustion. It is carried to the combustion chamber 6 together with the air and burns in the combustion chamber 6. - 特許庁Thus, the dust layer functions as a generator of pyrolysis gases by supplying primary combustion air. Therefore, limiting the primary combustion air can reduce the generation of pyrolysis gases and reduce the rate of combustion in the furnace. Exothermic control in the furnace by adjusting the primary combustion air is effective especially when the combustion speed q is high. In such situations, there may be a sufficient amount of debris in the furnace to cause excessive combustion even if the debris supply is completely stopped. At that time, the burning of refuse in the furnace must be restricted. Limiting the primary combustion air is effective for this purpose. Conversely, when the combustion in the furnace is insufficient, that is, when the combustion speed q is low, it is effective to increase the amount of primary combustion air to increase the generation of pyrolysis gas. As a result, the supply of pyrolysis gas to the combustion chamber 6 increases and the combustion speed q increases. Thus, the control according to the second embodiment acts to suppress fluctuations in the combustion speed q.

A reference value for the degree of opening of the primary combustion air valve is determined according to the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the like. In the primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233, as shown in FIG. 4, the relationship between the combustion speed q and the correction amount Δγ1 for the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening based on the set value SV is defined. It is The control unit 23 calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 . The value of the adjustment amount Δγ1 is set to be large when the value of the combustion speed q is small, and to be large when the value of q is small. The control unit 23 uses the adder 244 to add the adjustment amount Δγ1 to the reference value of the opening of the primary combustion air valve to adjust the opening of the primary combustion air valve. The control unit 23 controls the valves 8A to 8E based on the adjusted primary combustion air valve opening degree.

(motion)
Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the flow of processing (flow rate control of primary combustion air) according to the second embodiment will be described.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment.
The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23A perform the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires the steam flow rate PV, O2 concentration, combustion chamber temperature, boiler 2-pass temperature, CO concentration, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate (step S1). The measured value is output to the combustion speed estimator 22 and the controller 23A.

Combustion speed estimator 22 measures a plurality of measured values of steam flow rate PV, O2 concentration, combustion chamber temperature, boiler 2-pass temperature, CO concentration sensor, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate. Using y, the combustion speed q is estimated by equation (9) (step S2). The combustion speed estimator 22 outputs the estimated combustion speed q to the controller 23A.

Next, based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233, the control unit 23A calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air. Next, the control unit 23A uses the adder 234 to add the reference value of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ1. The valve opening degree of the next combustion air is calculated (step S4). The control unit 23A controls the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E to match the adjusted valve opening degrees of the primary combustion air.

According to the present embodiment, the combustion speed q of garbage is estimated based on the measured values such as the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas measured by the existing sensors in the garbage incineration equipment 100, and the combustion speed q Adjust the primary combustion air flow rate based on As a result, fluctuations in the combustion speed q can be suppressed. Further, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Note that the second embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment.

In FIG. 4, as an example, the primary combustion air is adjusted by adjusting the valve opening of the primary combustion air. If so, the primary combustion air flow command value may be adjusted. Alternatively, the original pressure (upstream pressure) of the primary combustion air may be adjusted.

<Third Embodiment>
Control of the garbage incineration equipment 100 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG.
(Constitution)
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the main part of the control device according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the main parts of the combustion speed estimating section 22 and the control section 23B in the control device 20. As shown in FIG. The combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q according to the procedure described above. The control unit 23</b>B includes a primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233 , an adder 234 , a secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235 , and an adder 236 . The storage unit 24 records the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the reference opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A with respect to the set value SV.

The third embodiment controls the opening of the secondary combustion air valve in addition to the opening control of the primary combustion air valve described in the second embodiment. Suppose that the burning speed q of dust becomes excessive temporarily. At this time, the generation of pyrolysis gas is temporarily excessive in the furnace, and as a result, the O ₂ concentration of the exhaust gas from the refuse incineration facility 100 is temporarily insufficient. If the _O2 concentration of the exhaust gas is insufficient, the risk of emission of harmful substances such as CO increases. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the secondary combustion air is adjusted at the same time as the primary combustion air is adjusted based on the combustion speed q to compensate for the lack of O2 concentration. For example, when the combustion speed q is excessive, the primary combustion air is reduced to suppress the generation of pyrolysis gas, and the secondary combustion air is increased to burn the excessive pyrolysis gas. Conversely, when the combustion speed q is too low, the amount of primary combustion air is increased to promote generation of pyrolysis gas. The secondary combustion air is excessive with respect to the amount of pyrolysis gas generated, so it is reduced. This also helps avoid NOx generation.

As shown in FIG. 6, the secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235 defines the relationship between the combustion speed q and the correction amount Δγ2 for the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening. Based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 235, the control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ2 of the valve opening degree of the secondary combustion air. The value of the adjustment amount Δγ2 is set to be small when the value of the combustion speed q is small, and to be large when the value of the combustion speed q is large. The control unit 23B uses the adder 245 to add the adjustment amount Δγ2 to the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening to adjust the secondary combustion air valve opening. The controller 23B controls the valve 14A based on the adjusted secondary combustion air valve opening degree.

(motion)
Next, with reference to FIG. 7, the flow of processing (flow rate control of primary combustion air and secondary combustion air) according to the third embodiment will be described.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment.
The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23B perform the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1), and outputs them to the combustion speed estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23B. Next, the combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q (step S2). The combustion speed estimator 22 outputs the combustion speed q to the controller 23B.

Next, the control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the primary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 . Next, the control unit 23 uses the adder 234 to add the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ1 to obtain the primary A combustion air valve opening is calculated (step S4). The control unit 23 controls the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E to match the adjusted opening degrees of the primary combustion air.

The control unit 23B also calculates the adjustment amount Δγ2 of the secondary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 235 . Next, the control unit 23 uses the adder 236 to add the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ2 to obtain the secondary The valve opening degree of the combustion air is calculated (step S5). The control unit 23 controls the opening of the valve 14A to match the adjusted opening of the secondary combustion air. The processing order of steps S4 to S5 may be arbitrary, and for example, the control unit 23B may concurrently execute the processing of steps S4 to S5.

According to this embodiment, the combustion speed q of garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incineration equipment 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. , the primary combustion air flow rate and the secondary combustion air flow rate are adjusted. As a result, the secondary combustion air can be adjusted according to the amount of pyrolysis gas generated, the complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas can be assisted, and the emission of harmful substances such as CO and NOx can be suppressed. Further, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The third embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment.

<Fourth embodiment>
Control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 8 .
(Constitution)
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of main parts of a control device according to the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 8 shows the configuration of the main parts of the combustion speed estimating section 22 and the control section 23C in the control device 20. As shown in FIG. The combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q according to the procedure described above. The control unit 23</b>C includes a wind box distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237 , an adder 238 and a subtractor 239 . The storage unit 24 records the reference opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E with respect to the set value SV of the steam flow rate.

In the fourth embodiment, in order to suppress the fluctuation of the combustion speed q, the combustion tendency of the dust in the combustion chamber 6 is considered, and the combustion gas supplied to the wind boxes 5A to 5E is controlled in the opening degree control of the primary combustion air valve. Make a difference in the amount of air. The dust layer has an aspect as a generator of pyrolysis gases. The magnitude of the ability to generate pyrolysis gas depends on the positions of the wind boxes 5A to 5E. Since the wind boxes 5A and 5B near the pusher 10 have a thick dust layer before pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas generation capacity is high. On the other hand, as the wind boxes 5C, 5D, 5E and the dust advance through the grate 3, the ratio of dust and soot after pyrolysis increases, and the ability to generate pyrolysis gas decreases. Therefore, when the estimated burning speed q is small, that is, when the garbage is difficult to burn, a large amount of primary combustion air is distributed to the wind box 5A or the like near the pusher 10, which has a high ability to generate pyrolysis gas. When the value q is large, that is, when the garbage is easily combustible, the amount of primary combustion air distributed to the wind box 5A or the like, which has a high ability to generate pyrolysis gas, is reduced to suppress combustion.

FIG. 8 shows the case where the wind boxes A and B are classified as a group with high pyrolysis gas generation capacity, and the wind boxes C, D, and E are classified as a group with low pyrolysis gas generation capacity. shows the configuration of The wind box distribution adjustment opening degree calculation table 237 contains, as shown in _FIG . is defined. Based on the combustion speed q and the wind box distribution adjustment opening degree calculation table 237, the control unit 23C calculates the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE of the opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E. The value of the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE is set to be large when the combustion speed q is low, and to be small when the combustion speed q is high. The control unit 23C uses the adder 238 to add the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE to the reference values of the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8B. The control unit 23C uses the subtractor 239 to subtract the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE from the reference values of the opening degrees of the valves 8C to 8E. The controller 23B controls the valves 8A to 8E based on the adjusted valve opening degree.

In FIG. 8, the wind boxes 5A to 5B are set as one group and the wind boxes 5C to 5E are set as one group, but this is only an example. Instead of grouping the wind boxes 5A to 5E, the wind box distribution adjustment opening degree calculation table 237 may be provided for each wind box to adjust the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E. The division may be changed, for example, into wind boxes 5A to 5C and wind boxes 5D to 5E. Alternatively, the number of groups to be classified may be three, and the classification of each group may be set as wind boxes 5A to 5B, wind boxes 5C to 5D, and wind box 5E.

(motion)
The flow of processing according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5 of the second embodiment.
The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23C perform the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1), and outputs them to the combustion speed estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23C. Next, the combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q (step S2). The combustion speed estimator 22 outputs the combustion speed q to the controller 23C.

Next, the control unit 23C calculates the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE based on the combustion speed q and the wind box distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237 . Next, the control unit 23 adds or subtracts the reference value of the valve opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE , thereby opening the valve of the primary combustion air. degree is calculated (step S4). In the case of the configuration example of FIG. 8, the control unit 23 adds the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE to the reference value for the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8B. The control unit 23 subtracts the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE from the reference value for the opening degrees of the valves 8C to 8E. The control unit 23 controls the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E so as to reach the respective valve opening degrees after adjustment.

According to the fourth embodiment, the combustion speed q of garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incineration facility 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and the estimated garbage Based on the burn rate q, adjust the flow rate of the primary combustion air to the windbox. As a result, fluctuations in the combustion speed q can be suppressed with high accuracy. Further, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The fourth embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment and the third embodiment.

<Fifth Embodiment>
Control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 of the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG.
(Constitution)
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of main parts of a control device according to the fifth embodiment.
FIG. 9 shows the configuration of the main parts of the combustion speed estimating section 22 and the control section 23D in the control device 20. As shown in FIG. The combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q according to the procedure described above. The control unit 23D includes a variance calculator 240, an oxygen concentration adjustment amount calculation table 241, an oxygen concentration controller 242, adders 243 to 245, and a subtractor 246. The storage unit 24 stores the reference opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A with respect to the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the set value SV_O2 of the O2 concentration.

In the third embodiment described above, the secondary combustion air flow rate is adjusted at the same time as the primary combustion air flow rate based on the combustion speed q of the dust. One reason for adjusting the secondary combustion air is to reduce the CO concentration in combustion chamber 6 . For example, if adjustments are made to reduce the primary combustion air, there will be a starvation of combustion air in the trash layer and an increase in CO concentration in the pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the CO concentration is reduced by increasing the secondary combustion air and completely burning the CO in the combustion chamber 6 . However, if the combustion speed of the dust rapidly increases with time, the adjustment of the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air will not be done in time, and CO may be temporarily discharged. It is believed that this burst of burning rate depends on the nature of the refuse being fed. It is empirically known that once a rapid increase in burning velocity occurs, it occurs intensively in a short period of time. Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, when the combustion speed q fluctuates, the flow rate of the secondary combustion air or the primary combustion air is increased in advance, the O2 concentration of the exhaust gas is maintained high, and the combustion speed q increases. It also avoids the lack of combustion air and prevents CO emissions.

The variance calculator 240 calculates the variance σ _q ² at a predetermined time immediately before the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimator 22 . As shown in FIG. 9, the oxygen concentration adjustment amount calculation table 241 defines the relationship between the variance σ _q ² and the oxygen concentration adjustment amount Δγ _SVO2 . The value of the adjustment amount Δγ _SVO2 is 0 when the value of the variance σ _q ² is less than the threshold, and increases up to a predetermined upper limit as the value of the variance σ _q ² increases when the value of the variance σ q 2 exceeds the threshold. is set. The oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the primary combustion air valve adjustment opening and the secondary combustion air valve adjustment opening based on the difference between the adjusted O2 concentration set value SV_O2 and the measured O2 concentration PV_O2 concentration. For example, the oxygen concentration controller 242 requests to increase the openings of the primary combustion air valve adjustment opening and the secondary combustion air valve adjustment opening as the deviation increases. Calculate

(motion)
The flow of processing according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23D perform the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1), and outputs them to the combustion speed estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23D. Next, the combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q (step S2). The combustion speed estimator 22 outputs the combustion speed q to the controller 23D.

Next, the controller 23D uses the variance calculator 240 to calculate the variance σ _q ² of the burning speed q (step S6). The control unit 23D calculates the primary combustion air valve opening and the secondary combustion air valve opening for compensating the 02 concentration according to the magnitude of the variance σ _q ² (step S7). First, the control unit 23D calculates the O2 concentration adjustment amount Δγ _SVO2 based on the variance σ _q ² and the oxygen concentration adjustment amount calculation table 241 . Next, the adder 243 adds the O2 concentration adjustment amount Δγ _SVO2 to the O2 concentration set value SV_O2. Next, the subtractor 246 subtracts the measured value PV_O2 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15 from the adjusted SV_O2. Next, the oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the primary combustion air valve adjustment opening and the secondary combustion air valve adjustment opening based on the difference between the adjusted O2 concentration set value SV_O2 and the measured O2 concentration PV_O2 concentration. . Next, the control unit 23D uses the adder 244 to add the reference value of the valve opening of the primary combustion air corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the adjustment opening of the primary combustion air valve, Calculate the valve opening of the combustion air. Further, the control unit 23D controls the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E so as to be the calculated opening degrees. Next, the control unit 23D uses the adder 245 to add the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the secondary combustion air valve adjustment opening. Calculate the valve opening of the combustion air. The controller 23D controls the opening of the valve 14A to the calculated opening.

According to the present embodiment, the combustion speed q of the garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incineration facility 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. The set value of the O2 concentration in the exhaust gas is corrected based on, and the primary combustion air flow rate and the secondary combustion air are adjusted according to the set value. Thereby, CO gas emission can be suppressed. Further, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The fifth embodiment can be combined with the first to fourth embodiments.

<Sixth embodiment>
Next, with reference to FIG. 11, control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 of the sixth embodiment will be described.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of main parts of a control device according to the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 11 shows the configuration of the main parts of the combustion speed estimating section 22 and the control section 23E in the control device 20. As shown in FIG. The combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q according to the procedure described above. The control unit 23E includes a combustion speed commander 247, a combustion speed controller 248, a subtractor 249, a primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233, an adder 234, and a secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount. A calculation table 235 and an adder 236 are provided. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 11 includes the control unit 23B (primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233, adder 234, secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235, adder 236) of the third embodiment. This is the configuration when they are combined.

The combustion speed commander 247 calculates a command value qsv for adjusting the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimator 22 based on the deviation (SV-PV) between the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the measured value PV of the steam flow rate. do. The command value qsv commands the burning speed of dust for matching the measured value PV of the steam flow rate with the set value SV, which is the target value of the steam flow rate. By setting the combustion speed according to this command value qsv, the steam flow rate PV can be accurately controlled to the target value SV. For example, the combustion speed commander 247 has a correspondence table of the steam flow rate deviation (SV-PV) and the amount of adjustment of the combustion speed q. Based on this correspondence table, the combustion speed command value qsv Calculate The combustion speed controller 248 acquires the combustion speed command value qsv and the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimator 22, corrects the combustion speed q, for example, according to the following equation (11), and corrects the combustion speed after correction. Output velocity q~.
q~=q+Kq(qsv-q) (11)
where Kq is a coefficient of arbitrary value.
The corrected combustion speed q˜ is used, for example, for adjusting the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air in the same manner as in the third embodiment. For example, the control unit 23E calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 based on the corrected combustion speed q˜ and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 of the primary combustion air valve, and calculates the corrected combustion speed q˜ and the secondary combustion air valve. The adjustment amount Δγ2 is calculated based on the adjustment amount calculation table 235 of .

(motion)
The flow of processing according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23D perform the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1), and outputs them to the combustion speed estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23E. Next, the combustion speed estimator 22 estimates the combustion speed q (step S2). The combustion speed estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion speed q to the control unit 23E.

Next, the controller 23E corrects the combustion speed q (step S8). Specifically, the control unit 23E uses the subtractor 249 to subtract the measured value PV from the set value SV of the steam flow rate. The control unit 23E inputs the deviation (SV-PV) between the set value SV and the measured value PV to the combustion speed commander 247. A combustion speed commander 247 calculates a combustion speed command value qsv. The controller 23E inputs the combustion speed command value qsv and the combustion speed q to the combustion speed controller 248 . The combustion speed controller 248 calculates the post-correction combustion speed q~ using equation (11). The control unit 23E uses the post-correction combustion speed q~ to calculate the dust supply amount (first embodiment), and to calculate the primary combustion air valve opening degree and the secondary combustion air valve opening degree (second embodiment). to fifth embodiment), etc., the combustion control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 is performed.

According to this embodiment, the combustion speed q of garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incineration equipment 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. A command value is calculated, and the combustion speed q of dust is matched with the command value. As a result, the steam flow rate PV can be accurately controlled to the set value SV while suppressing fluctuations in the combustion speed q. The sixth embodiment can be combined with the first to fifth embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a control device according to each embodiment;
A computer 900 includes a CPU 901 , a main memory device 902 , an auxiliary memory device 903 , an input/output interface 904 and a communication interface 905 .
The control device 20 described above is implemented in a computer 900 . Each function described above is stored in the auxiliary storage device 903 in the form of a program. The CPU 901 reads out the program from the auxiliary storage device 903, develops it in the main storage device 902, and executes the above processing according to the program. Also, the CPU 901 secures a storage area in the main storage device 902 according to the program. In addition, the CPU 901 secures a storage area for storing data being processed in the auxiliary storage device 903 according to the program.

A program for realizing all or part of the functions of the control device 20 is recorded in a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded in this recording medium is read by a computer system and executed. Processing by the functional unit may be performed. The "computer system" here includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices. The "computer system" also includes the home page providing environment (or display environment) if the WWW system is used. The term "computer-readable recording medium" refers to portable media such as CDs, DVDs, and USBs, and storage devices such as hard disks incorporated in computer systems. Further, when this program is distributed to the computer 900 via a communication line, the computer 900 receiving the distribution may develop the program in the main storage device 902 and execute the above process. Further, the program may be for realizing part of the functions described above, or may be capable of realizing the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system. .

Although several embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, all these embodiments are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as the scope of the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

<Appendix>
The control device 20, the garbage incineration facility 100, the control method, and the program described in each embodiment are grasped as follows, for example.

(1) The control device 20 according to the first aspect includes a data acquisition unit 21 that acquires a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in the garbage incineration facility, and an incinerator (combustion A combustion speed estimation unit 22 for estimating the combustion speed q in the chamber 6) and a control unit 23 for controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion speed.
As a result, fluctuations in combustion of the entire garbage incinerator can be detected as the combustion speed, and control can be performed according to the combustion speed, so fluctuations in the combustion speed can be suppressed and stable operation can be realized. For example, by supplying a constant steam flow rate to a power generation turbine, it is possible to contribute to the stabilization and increase of the power generation amount. In addition, by stabilizing combustion, emissions of NOx, CO, and the like can be suppressed.

(2) The control device 20 according to the second aspect is the control device 20 of (1), wherein the burning speed estimating unit converts the variance-covariance matrix of the measured values used for estimating the burning speed into a singular value The maximum singular vector corresponding to the maximum singular value obtained by decomposition is multiplied by the measured value to estimate the burning velocity (equation (9)).
As a result, the burning speed q can be calculated with a small calculation load, so the current burning speed q can be estimated immediately after obtaining the measured value.

(3) The control device 20 according to the third aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (2), wherein the control unit controls the target value of the steam flow rate output by the garbage incineration facility and the steam flow rate For a feedback controller that calculates the dust supply amount that compensates for the deviation from the measured value, the magnitude of the gain of the feedback controller is adjusted based on the combustion speed.
Fluctuations in the burning speed can be suppressed by controlling the dust supply amount (first embodiment).

(4) The control device 20 according to the fourth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (3), wherein the control unit increases the gain by 1 when the combustion speed is smaller than a predetermined threshold value. Multiply by the smaller value.
When the amount of dust supplied is excessive and the burning speed is low, the burning speed can be recovered by reducing the amount of dust supplied (first embodiment).

(5) A control device 20 according to a fifth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (4), wherein the control unit is a primary combustion space in the incinerator for incinerating waste. The degree of opening of the primary combustion air valve for controlling the flow rate of the primary combustion air supplied to the chamber is adjusted according to the magnitude of the combustion speed, and when the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold, the primary combustion air valve is is controlled to be less than a reference value, and when the combustion speed is less than a predetermined threshold value, the opening of the primary combustion air valve is controlled to be greater than the reference value.
For example, the amount of primary combustion air supplied is reduced when combustion is vigorous, and the amount of primary combustion air supplied is increased when combustion is low, thereby stabilizing the combustion of dust in the combustion chamber 6. (second embodiment).

(6) The control device 20 according to the sixth aspect is the control device 20 of (5), wherein the control unit controls the amount of dust in the primary combustion chamber when the combustion speed is smaller than a predetermined threshold value. The primary combustion air supplied to the position near the inlet is increased above a predetermined reference value, and if the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the primary combustion air is supplied to a position near the dust inlet in the primary combustion chamber. The supplied primary combustion air is reduced below a predetermined reference value.
By adjusting the amount of primary combustion air supplied to each wind box according to the ability to generate pyrolysis gas, the combustion speed can be stabilized more effectively (fourth embodiment).

(7) The control device 20 according to the seventh aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (6), wherein the control unit burns the combustion gas generated by incinerating the garbage in the incinerator. The degree of opening of the secondary combustion air valve for controlling the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber, which is the space where the combustion is performed, is set according to the magnitude of the combustion speed. The degree of opening of the secondary combustion air valve is controlled to be greater than a reference value, and when the combustion speed is less than a predetermined threshold value, the degree of opening of the secondary combustion air valve is controlled to be less than the reference value.
It is possible to reduce the emission risk of CO, NOx, etc. (third embodiment).

(8) The control device 20 according to the eighth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (7), wherein the control unit controls the combustion air increase the flow rate of
It is possible to maintain a high O2 concentration in the exhaust gas, avoid a shortage of combustion air even if the combustion speed increases, and suppress CO emissions (fifth embodiment).

(9) The control device 20 according to the ninth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (8), wherein the control unit controls the target value of the steam flow rate output by the garbage incineration facility and the steam flow rate A command value for the combustion speed that compensates for deviation from the measured value is calculated, and the combustion speed estimated by the combustion speed estimator is corrected based on the command value.
As a result, it is possible to more accurately achieve the control objective of controlling the flow rate of steam output from the garbage incineration equipment to the target value while suppressing fluctuations in the combustion speed.

(10) The garbage incineration equipment according to the tenth aspect includes an incinerator (combustion chamber 6) for incinerating garbage, a dust supply device (pusher 10) for supplying garbage to the incinerator, and combustion air to the incinerator. and a combustion air valve (8A to 8E, 14E) for controlling the flow rate of combustion air supplied from the blower to the incinerator that incinerates the garbage, (1) to (9) and a control device according to .

(11) A control method according to an eleventh aspect includes a step of acquiring a measured value measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration facility, and using the measured value to estimate a combustion rate in an incinerator of the garbage incineration facility. and controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

(12) The program according to the twelfth aspect includes, in a computer, obtaining a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration facility; estimating; and controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

100 Garbage incineration facility 1 Hopper 2 Chute 3 Fire grate 3A Dry zone 3B Combustion zone 3C Post-combustion zone 4 ···Blower,
5A to 5E: wind box, 6: combustion chamber, 6A: primary combustion chamber, 6B: secondary combustion chamber, 7: ash outlet, 8A to 8E, 14A: valve , 9... boiler, 10... pusher, 11... steam flow rate sensor, 12... flue, 13, 14... pipeline, 15... oxygen concentration sensor, 16, 17A... Temperature sensor 17B CO concentration sensor 17C NOx concentration sensor 17D flow sensor 17E flow sensor 20 control device 21 data acquisition unit 22 Burning speed estimation unit 23, 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, 23E control unit 24 storage unit 900 computer 901 CPU 902 main memory Device 903 Auxiliary storage device 904 Input/output interface 905 Communication interface

Claims (12)

a data acquisition unit that acquires a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in the garbage incineration facility;
A combustion speed estimating unit that estimates the combustion speed in the incinerator of the garbage incineration facility using the measured value;
a control unit that controls the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion speed;
A control device comprising: The burning speed estimating unit estimates the burning speed by multiplying the measured value by a maximum singular vector corresponding to a maximum singular value obtained by singular value decomposition of the variance-covariance matrix of the measured value used for estimating the burning speed. do,
A control device according to claim 1 . The control unit adjusts the magnitude of the gain of the feedback controller for calculating the garbage supply amount that compensates for the deviation between the target value of the steam flow rate output by the garbage incineration facility and the measured value of the steam flow rate. adjusting based on said burn rate;
The control device according to claim 1 or 2. The control unit multiplies the gain by a value smaller than 1 when the combustion speed is smaller than a predetermined threshold.
4. A control device according to claim 3. The control unit adjusts the opening degree of a primary combustion air valve for controlling the flow rate of primary combustion air supplied to a primary combustion chamber, which is a space for incinerating waste in the incinerator, by adjusting the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve to the magnitude of the combustion speed. and controlling the opening of the primary combustion air valve to be smaller than a reference value when the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold value, and controlling the primary combustion air valve when the combustion speed is less than a predetermined threshold value. Control the opening of the air valve to be greater than the reference value,
The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. When the combustion speed is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the control unit increases the primary combustion air supplied to a position close to a dust inlet in the primary combustion chamber by more than a predetermined reference value. reducing the primary combustion air supplied to a position close to a dust inlet in the primary combustion chamber below a predetermined reference value when the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold;
A control device according to claim 5 . The control unit controls the opening of a secondary combustion air valve that controls the flow rate of combustion air supplied to a secondary combustion chamber, which is a space for burning combustion gas generated by incinerating waste in the incinerator. controlling the degree of opening of the secondary combustion air valve to be greater than a reference value when the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold value according to the magnitude of the combustion speed, and the combustion speed is less than the predetermined threshold value; sometimes controlling the opening of the secondary combustion air valve to be smaller than a reference value;
The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The control unit increases the flow rate of the combustion air when the variance of the combustion speed is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.
The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The control unit calculates the command value of the combustion speed that compensates for the deviation between the target value of the steam flow rate output by the garbage incineration facility and the measured value of the steam flow rate, and estimates the combustion speed based on the command value. correcting the burn rate estimated by the section;
The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8. an incinerator for incinerating waste;
a dust supply device that supplies refuse to the incinerator;
a blower that supplies combustion air to the incinerator;
a combustion air valve for controlling the flow rate of combustion air supplied from the blower to the incinerator;
a control device according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
Garbage incineration facility with. a step of acquiring a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in the garbage incineration facility;
estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the refuse incineration facility using the measured values;
controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate;
A control method with to the computer,
a step of acquiring a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in the garbage incineration facility;
estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the refuse incineration facility using the measured values;
controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate;
program to run.

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