JP2018105592A - Rotational frequency controller of mill classifier and fuel ratio calculation device suitable for the same - Google Patents
Rotational frequency controller of mill classifier and fuel ratio calculation device suitable for the same Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、ミル分級機の回転数制御装置、及びこれに好適な燃料比算定装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a rotational speed control device for a mill classifier and a fuel ratio calculation device suitable for the same.
石炭焚きボイラでは、燃料である石炭の燃焼性が炭種（石炭性状）に依存することが知られている。そのため、灰中未燃分の抑制やミル分級機の動力の低減を図ってボイラ効率を向上させるには、炭種に応じてミル分級機の回転数を設定したり、制御したりする必要がある。 In a coal-fired boiler, it is known that the combustibility of coal as fuel depends on the type of coal (coal properties). Therefore, it is necessary to set or control the number of revolutions of the mill classifier according to the coal type in order to improve the boiler efficiency by suppressing the unburned ash content and reducing the power of the mill classifier. is there.
例えば、特許文献１では、各負荷におけるボイラ運転時に最適な蒸気条件となる火炉熱吸収割合のカーブから、現状のボイラ運転時における火炉熱吸収割合が最適値からどの程度ずれているかを計算し、そのずれに基づいてミル分級機の回転数を制御することが開示されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 calculates how much the furnace heat absorption rate during current boiler operation deviates from the optimum value from the curve of the furnace heat absorption rate that is the optimal steam condition during boiler operation at each load, It is disclosed that the rotational speed of the mill classifier is controlled based on the deviation.
しかしながら、特許文献１のように、火炉熱吸収割合に基づいてミル分級機の回転数を制御した場合には、同じ負荷で運転中のボイラであっても、火炉内の汚れの程度によって火炉熱吸収割合にばらつきが生じてしまうため、精度よく制御しにくい。 However, as in Patent Document 1, when the rotational speed of the mill classifier is controlled based on the furnace heat absorption rate, even if the boiler is operating at the same load, the furnace heat depends on the degree of dirt in the furnace. Since the absorption ratio varies, it is difficult to control accurately.
そこで、本発明は、回転数を精度よく制御して、ボイラ効率を向上させることが可能なミル分級機の回転数制御装置、及びこれに好適な燃料比算定装置を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a mill classifier rotation speed control device capable of accurately controlling the rotation speed and improving boiler efficiency, and a fuel ratio calculation device suitable for this. .
上記目的を達成するために、代表的な本発明は、石炭焚きボイラに適用されるミル分級機の回転数制御装置であって、前記石炭焚きボイラの火炉熱吸収量を算出する火炉熱吸収量算出部と、前記火炉熱吸収量に基づいて算定される第１燃料比と、前記石炭焚きボイラの火炉出口で計測されたＮＯｘ値に基づいて算定される第２燃料比と、を参照して、代表燃料比を算定する燃料比算定部と、前記代表燃料比に基づいて前記ミル分級機の回転数を設定する回転数設定部と、を含むことを特徴とするミル分級機の回転数制御装置である。 In order to achieve the above object, a representative present invention is a rotational speed control device for a mill classifier applied to a coal fired boiler, and calculates the furnace heat absorption amount of the coal fired boiler. With reference to the calculation unit, the first fuel ratio calculated based on the furnace heat absorption amount, and the second fuel ratio calculated based on the NOx value measured at the furnace outlet of the coal-fired boiler , A fuel ratio calculation unit for calculating a representative fuel ratio; and a rotation speed setting unit for setting the rotation speed of the mill classifier based on the representative fuel ratio. Device.
本発明によれば、上記の特徴により、回転数を精度よく制御して、ボイラ効率を向上させることができる。なお、上記した以外の課題、構成、及び効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the boiler efficiency by accurately controlling the rotation speed due to the above-described features. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of the embodiments.
以下、本発明の実施形態について、図１〜図６を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
＜火力発電プラント１００の全体構成＞
まず、火力発電プラント１００の全体構成について、図１を参照して説明する。
<Overall configuration of thermal power plant 100>
First, the whole structure of the thermal power plant 100 is demonstrated with reference to FIG.
図１は、本発明が適用される火力発電プラント１００の全体構成を示す模式図である。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a thermal power plant 100 to which the present invention is applied.
この火力発電プラント１００は、石炭焚きボイラ１（以下、単にボイラ１と略記する）から排出された燃焼排ガス（以下、単に排ガスと略記する）が流れる排ガス系統１００ａと、ボイラ１から生成された蒸気が流れる蒸気系統１００ｂと、復水器１０９によって復水された水が流れる給水系統１００ｃと、ボイラ１の燃料となる微粉炭をボイラ１に供給する微粉炭機２と、を備えている。 The thermal power plant 100 includes an exhaust gas system 100a through which combustion exhaust gas (hereinafter simply referred to as exhaust gas) discharged from a coal-fired boiler 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as boiler 1) flows, and steam generated from the boiler 1. A steam system 100b through which water flows through, a water supply system 100c through which water condensed by the condenser 109 flows, and a pulverized coal machine 2 that supplies pulverized coal as fuel for the boiler 1 to the boiler 1.
排ガス系統１００ａは、ボイラ１で微粉炭を燃焼した際に発生した排ガスを煙突へと導くための系統であり、ボイラ１から排出された排ガスは、脱硝装置１０３、空気予熱器１０４、乾式電気集塵機（ＤＥＳＰ）１０５、湿式脱硫装置（ＷＦＧＤ）１０６の順に流れ、その過程の中で、排ガスに含まれる環境規制物質が規制値以下まで除去される。そして、処理済の排ガスが煙突から外部に排出される。 The exhaust gas system 100a is a system for guiding the exhaust gas generated when pulverized coal is burned in the boiler 1 to the chimney. (DESP) 105 and wet desulfurization apparatus (WFGD) 106 flow in this order, and in the process, environmentally regulated substances contained in the exhaust gas are removed to below the regulated value. Then, the treated exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney to the outside.
蒸気系統１００ｂは、ボイラ１で生成された蒸気が流れる系統であり、蒸気タービン１０７と、復水器１０９と、を備える。ボイラ１で生成された蒸気は蒸気タービン１０７まで導かれ、その蒸気によって蒸気タービン１０７が駆動される。蒸気タービン１０７が駆動することで、発電機１０８が回転して発電する。そして、蒸気タービン１０７から排出された蒸気は、復水するために復水器１０９に供給される。 The steam system 100 b is a system through which steam generated by the boiler 1 flows, and includes a steam turbine 107 and a condenser 109. The steam generated in the boiler 1 is guided to the steam turbine 107, and the steam turbine 107 is driven by the steam. When the steam turbine 107 is driven, the generator 108 rotates to generate power. The steam discharged from the steam turbine 107 is supplied to the condenser 109 for condensing.
給水系統１００ｃは、復水器１０９によって復水された水をボイラ１に供給するための系統であり、復水器１０９と、ボイラ１とを配管で接続して構成される。なお、復水器１０９へは、配管を介して冷却水が供給される。 The water supply system 100c is a system for supplying the water condensed by the condenser 109 to the boiler 1, and is configured by connecting the condenser 109 and the boiler 1 with piping. Note that cooling water is supplied to the condenser 109 via a pipe.
（ボイラ１の概略構成）
ボイラ１は、微粉炭を燃焼して熱を回収する。ボイラ１は、微粉炭を燃焼させる火炉３、並びに節炭器（図示せず）、蒸発器５、及び過熱器６等の熱交換器が内部に搭載され、それらの周囲を伝熱性の壁で囲んだ筐体構造を有している。
(Schematic configuration of boiler 1)
The boiler 1 recovers heat by burning pulverized coal. The boiler 1 includes a furnace 3 that burns pulverized coal, and a heat exchanger such as a economizer (not shown), an evaporator 5, and a superheater 6. The boiler 1 is surrounded by a heat transfer wall. It has an enclosed housing structure.
固体燃料である微粉炭は、後述する微粉炭機２を用いて石炭を粉砕することにより生成され、一次空気と共に火炉３内に供給される。この一次空気は微粉炭を完全燃焼させるために必要な理論空気量以下となる量の空気であり、微粉炭は、まず、空気不足の状態で燃焼される。これにより、発生した排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）を窒素に還元して、火炉３内における窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）の生成を抑制することができる。 The pulverized coal that is a solid fuel is generated by pulverizing the coal using a pulverized coal machine 2 described later, and is supplied into the furnace 3 together with the primary air. The primary air is an amount of air that is equal to or less than the theoretical air amount necessary for completely burning the pulverized coal, and the pulverized coal is first burned in a state of air shortage. Thereby, nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the generated exhaust gas can be reduced to nitrogen, and generation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the furnace 3 can be suppressed.
そして、不足分の空気を二次空気として火炉３内に供給して、燃焼しきれずに残った未燃分や発生した一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）を完全燃焼する。このように、本実施形態では、ボイラ１は、二段階で微粉炭を完全燃焼させる二段燃焼方式が用いられているが、必ずしも二段燃焼方式を用いたものである必要はない。 Then, the deficient air is supplied as secondary air into the furnace 3 to completely burn the remaining unburned portion and generated carbon monoxide (CO). As described above, in the present embodiment, the boiler 1 uses the two-stage combustion method in which the pulverized coal is completely burned in two stages, but it is not always necessary to use the two-stage combustion system.
（燃焼用空気）
燃焼用空気（一次空気及び二次空気）は、空気ダンパ６０の開度を調整することによって、ボイラ１又は微粉炭機２に供給される流量（空気量）が調整される。この空気ダンパ６０は、制御装置２０からのダンパ開度指令に従って、その開度が制御されている。
(Combustion air)
As for the combustion air (primary air and secondary air), the flow rate (air amount) supplied to the boiler 1 or the pulverized coal machine 2 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the air damper 60. The opening degree of the air damper 60 is controlled in accordance with a damper opening degree command from the control device 20.
一次空気は、空気予熱器１０４を介して排ガスとの熱交換により加熱された燃焼用空気と、空気予熱器１０４を介さずに導入された燃焼用空気とが混合されている。この一次空気が微粉炭機２に供給されることにより、微粉炭機２内で微粉砕された石炭（微粉炭）の乾燥が行われる。また、二次空気は、空気予熱器１０４を介して排ガスとの熱交換により加熱された燃焼用空気であり、ボイラ１の火炉３内に供給される。 The primary air is a mixture of combustion air heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas via the air preheater 104 and combustion air introduced without passing through the air preheater 104. By supplying this primary air to the pulverized coal machine 2, the coal (pulverized coal) finely pulverized in the pulverized coal machine 2 is dried. The secondary air is combustion air heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas via the air preheater 104 and is supplied into the furnace 3 of the boiler 1.
（センサ、計測器等）
火力発電プラント１００には様々なセンサが設けられているが、その中で代表的なセンサ、計測器について説明する。給水温度センサ４１は、火炉３の入口の給水温度を検出するものであり、給水圧力センサ４２は、火炉３の入口の給水圧力を検出するものである。蒸気温度センサ４３は、火炉３の出口の蒸気温度を検出するものであり、蒸気圧力センサ４４は、火炉３の出口の蒸気圧力を検出するものである。
(Sensors, measuring instruments, etc.)
Various sensors are provided in the thermal power plant 100, and typical sensors and measuring instruments will be described. The feed water temperature sensor 41 detects the feed water temperature at the entrance of the furnace 3, and the feed water pressure sensor 42 detects the feed water pressure at the entrance of the furnace 3. The steam temperature sensor 43 detects the steam temperature at the outlet of the furnace 3, and the steam pressure sensor 44 detects the steam pressure at the outlet of the furnace 3.
また、給炭量計５０は、微粉炭機２に供給する石炭の供給量を計測するものであり、一次空気出口温度センサ５１は、微粉炭機２の出口の一次空気温度を検出するものであり、一次空気入口温度センサ５４は、微粉炭機２の入口の一次空気温度を検出するものである。酸素濃度計５２は、火炉３の出口の排ガスの酸素濃度を計測するものであり、ＮＯｘ濃度計５３は、火炉３の出口の排ガスのＮＯｘ値（濃度）を計測するものである。これらの各種センサや計測器は、図１に破線で示すように、制御装置２０と電気的に接続されている。 Further, the coal supply meter 50 measures the supply amount of coal supplied to the pulverized coal machine 2, and the primary air outlet temperature sensor 51 detects the primary air temperature at the outlet of the pulverized coal machine 2. Yes, the primary air inlet temperature sensor 54 detects the primary air temperature at the inlet of the pulverized coal machine 2. The oxygen concentration meter 52 measures the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the furnace 3, and the NOx concentration meter 53 measures the NOx value (concentration) of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the furnace 3. These various sensors and measuring instruments are electrically connected to the control device 20 as indicated by broken lines in FIG.
この制御装置２０は、各種演算を行うＣＰＵ２０ａ、ＣＰＵ２０ａによる演算を実行するためのプログラムを格納するＲＯＭやＨＤＤ等の記憶装置２０ｂ、ＣＰＵ２０ａがプログラムを実行する際の作業領域となるＲＡＭ２０ｃ、及び他の機器とデータを送受信する際のインタフェースである通信インタフェース（通信Ｉ／Ｆ）２０ｄを含むハードウェアと、記憶装置２０ｂに記憶されてＣＰＵ２０ａにより実行されるソフトウェアとから構成される。 The control device 20 includes a CPU 20a that performs various calculations, a storage device 20b such as a ROM or HDD that stores programs for executing calculations by the CPU 20a, a RAM 20c that serves as a work area when the CPU 20a executes programs, and other It includes hardware including a communication interface (communication I / F) 20d that is an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from the device, and software stored in the storage device 20b and executed by the CPU 20a.
制御装置２０の各機能は、ＣＰＵ２０ａが、記憶装置２０ｂに格納された各種プログラムをＲＡＭ２０ｃにロードして実行することにより、実現される。制御装置２０による具体的な制御内容、及び制御装置２０に含まれる各機能の詳細については、後述する。 Each function of the control device 20 is realized by the CPU 20a loading various programs stored in the storage device 20b into the RAM 20c and executing them. Specific control contents by the control device 20 and details of each function included in the control device 20 will be described later.
＜微粉炭機２の構成＞
次に、微粉炭機２の構成について、図２を参照して説明する。
<Configuration of pulverized coal machine 2>
Next, the configuration of the pulverized coal machine 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
図２は、微粉炭機２の一構成例を示す断面図である。 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pulverized coal machine 2.
微粉炭機２は、石炭（原炭）を供給する給炭管２１と、石炭を粉砕するための粉砕用テーブル２２と、粉砕用テーブル２２上に配置された粉砕用ローラ２３と、生成された微粉炭の粒度を分級するミル分級機２４と、微粉炭を搬送する送炭管２５と、を備える。粉砕用テーブル２２は減速機２２０を介して粉砕用モータ２２１により、ミル分級機２４は分級用モータ２４１により、それぞれ軸Ａ（図２において一点鎖線で示す）を中心として回転する。 The pulverized coal machine 2 is generated with a coal supply pipe 21 for supplying coal (raw coal), a crushing table 22 for crushing the coal, and a crushing roller 23 disposed on the crushing table 22. A mill classifier 24 for classifying the particle size of the pulverized coal and a coal feeding pipe 25 for conveying the pulverized coal are provided. The crushing table 22 is rotated about the axis A (shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2) by the crushing motor 221 via the speed reducer 220 and the mill classifier 24 by the classification motor 241.
給炭管２１を通って投入された石炭は、粉砕用テーブル２２と粉砕用ローラ２３との間で粉砕されて微粉炭となる。生成された微粉炭は、微粉炭機２の内部に供給される一次空気によって上方へ吹き上げられる。このとき、粒度の大きい微粉炭は自重により落下し、粉砕用テーブル２２と粉砕用ローラ２３との間で再び粉砕される。 Coal input through the coal supply pipe 21 is pulverized between the crushing table 22 and the crushing roller 23 to become pulverized coal. The generated pulverized coal is blown upward by the primary air supplied into the pulverized coal machine 2. At this time, pulverized coal having a large particle size falls due to its own weight and is pulverized again between the pulverizing table 22 and the pulverizing roller 23.
粒度の小さい微粉炭は、ミル分級機２４まで到達するが、ミル分級機２４によってさらに粒度の小さいものと大きいものとに分級される。分級されたより小さい粒度の微粉炭は、送炭管２５を通って一次空気と共に火炉３（図１参照）内に供給される。なお、図２では、石炭（微粉炭）の流れを矢印で示している。 The pulverized coal having a small particle size reaches the mill classifier 24, but is classified by the mill classifier 24 into those having a smaller particle size and those having a larger particle size. The classified fine pulverized coal is supplied into the furnace 3 (see FIG. 1) through the coal feeding pipe 25 together with the primary air. In FIG. 2, the flow of coal (pulverized coal) is indicated by arrows.
このミル分級機２４は、ボイラ１の効率を向上させるために求められる微粉炭の粒度となるように、制御装置２０によってその回転数が制御されている。すなわち、本実施形態に係る制御装置２０は、ミル分級機２４の回転数制御装置の一態様である。 The rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 is controlled by the control device 20 so that the particle size of the pulverized coal required for improving the efficiency of the boiler 1 is obtained. That is, the control device 20 according to the present embodiment is an aspect of the rotational speed control device of the mill classifier 24.
＜ボイラ１の効率最適化とミル分級機２４の回転数との関係＞
次に、ボイラ１の効率の最適化とミル分級機２４の回転数との関係について、図３Ａ〜Ｃを参照して説明する。
<Relationship between efficiency optimization of boiler 1 and rotation speed of mill classifier 24>
Next, the relationship between the optimization of the efficiency of the boiler 1 and the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 will be described with reference to FIGS.
図３Ａは、燃料比と灰中未燃分との関係を表すグラフであり、図３Ｂは、ミル分級機２４の回転数と灰中未燃分との関係を表すグラフであり、図３Ｃは、ミル分級機２４の回転数と微粉炭機２の動力との関係を表すグラフである。 FIG. 3A is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel ratio and the unburned component in ash, FIG. 3B is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 and the unburned component in ash, and FIG. It is a graph showing the relationship between the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24, and the motive power of the pulverized coal machine 2. FIG.
ボイラ１の効率を向上させるためには、火炉３内における灰中未燃分を抑制すること、及びボイラ１を稼働させる動力を低減することが必要である。灰中未燃分を抑制するためには、火炉３内における微粉炭の燃焼性を高めればよい。この燃焼性は、燃料である石炭の種類（炭種）に依存し、特に、炭種を決める一要素である燃料比に大きく依存している。 In order to improve the efficiency of the boiler 1, it is necessary to suppress unburned ash in the furnace 3 and to reduce the power for operating the boiler 1. In order to suppress the unburned ash, the combustibility of pulverized coal in the furnace 3 may be increased. This combustibility depends on the type of coal that is the fuel (coal type), and in particular, greatly depends on the fuel ratio that is a factor that determines the type of coal.
ここで、「燃料比」とは、石炭中の固定炭素分と揮発分との比（固定炭素分／揮発分）を示すものである。燃料比が大きい場合には、石炭中に占める固定炭素の割合が多く、揮発分の割合が少ないため、石炭は燃えにくい。一方、燃料比が小さい場合には、石炭中に占める固定炭素の割合が少なく、揮発分の割合が多くなるため、石炭は燃えやすい。したがって、燃料比と灰中未燃分との関係には、図３Ａに示すように、燃料比が小さいほど燃焼性が良くなって灰中未燃分が減少するといった特性がある。 Here, the “fuel ratio” indicates a ratio (fixed carbon content / volatile content) of fixed carbon content and volatile content in coal. When the fuel ratio is large, the proportion of fixed carbon in the coal is large and the proportion of volatile components is small, so that the coal is difficult to burn. On the other hand, when the fuel ratio is small, the proportion of fixed carbon in the coal is small and the proportion of volatile matter is large, so that the coal is easily burned. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, the relationship between the fuel ratio and the unburned ash content has a characteristic that the smaller the fuel ratio, the better the combustibility and the less the unburned ash content.
前述したように、燃料比が大きいと石炭は燃えにくく、灰中未燃分が増加傾向となる。したがって、灰中未燃分の増加を抑制するためには、微粉炭の粒度をより小さくして燃焼性を向上させる必要がある。よって、図３Ｂに示すように、ミル分級機２４の回転数を増加させてより粒度の小さい微粉炭が分級されるように調整すれば、高燃料比の場合（燃料比が大きい場合）であっても、灰中未燃分の増加を抑制することができる。そこで、制御装置２０は、燃料比に基づいてミル分級機２４の回転数を制御する。 As described above, when the fuel ratio is large, coal is difficult to burn and the unburned content in ash tends to increase. Therefore, in order to suppress an increase in unburned ash content, it is necessary to reduce the particle size of the pulverized coal and improve the combustibility. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, if the pulverized coal having a smaller particle size is classified by increasing the number of revolutions of the mill classifier 24, the fuel ratio is high (when the fuel ratio is large). However, the increase in the unburned content in the ash can be suppressed. Therefore, the control device 20 controls the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 based on the fuel ratio.
一方、図３Ｃに示すように、ミル分級機２４の回転数を増加すると微粉炭機２の動力が増加し、プラント効率が低下してしまう。したがって、灰中未燃分の抑制、及び微粉炭機２の動力の低減の両観点を踏まえることにより、ボイラ１の効率の最適化を図ることができる。よって、制御装置２０を用いることにより、ミル分級機２４の回転数を精度よく制御することが望まれる。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3C, when the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 is increased, the power of the pulverized coal machine 2 is increased and the plant efficiency is lowered. Therefore, the efficiency of the boiler 1 can be optimized by considering both the viewpoints of suppressing the unburned ash content and reducing the power of the pulverized coal machine 2. Therefore, it is desirable to control the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 with high accuracy by using the control device 20.
＜ミル分級機２４の回転数制御について＞
次に、制御装置２０によるミル分級機２４の回転数の制御について、図４〜６を参照して説明する。
<Regarding the rotational speed control of the mill classifier 24>
Next, control of the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 by the control device 20 will be described with reference to FIGS.
図４は、制御装置２０の機能構成を示すブロック図である。図５Ａは、燃料比と火炉熱吸収量との関係を表すグラフであり、図５Ｂは燃料比と火炉出口におけるＮＯｘ値との関係を表すグラフである。図６は、本実施形態における代表燃料比とミル分級機２４の回転数との関係を表すグラフである。 FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the control device 20. FIG. 5A is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel ratio and the furnace heat absorption amount, and FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel ratio and the NOx value at the furnace outlet. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the representative fuel ratio and the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 in the present embodiment.
図４に示すように、制御装置２０には、給水温度センサ４１からの給水温度データと、給水圧力センサ４２からの給水圧力データと、蒸気温度センサ４３からの蒸気温度データと、蒸気圧力センサ４４からの蒸気圧力データと、ＮＯｘ濃度計５３からのＮＯｘ濃度データ（ＮＯｘ値）と、が入力される。 As shown in FIG. 4, the control device 20 includes feed water temperature data from the feed water temperature sensor 41, feed water pressure data from the feed water pressure sensor 42, steam temperature data from the steam temperature sensor 43, and steam pressure sensor 44. And the NOx concentration data (NOx value) from the NOx concentration meter 53 are input.
制御装置２０は、火炉熱吸収量算出部１１と、燃料比算定部１２と、回転数設定部１３と、を含む。火炉熱吸収量算出部１１は、給水温度データ、給水圧力データ、蒸気温度データ、及び蒸気圧力データに基づき、火炉３（図１参照）の熱吸収量を算出する。 The control device 20 includes a furnace heat absorption amount calculation unit 11, a fuel ratio calculation unit 12, and a rotation speed setting unit 13. The furnace heat absorption amount calculation unit 11 calculates the heat absorption amount of the furnace 3 (see FIG. 1) based on the feed water temperature data, feed water pressure data, steam temperature data, and steam pressure data.
燃料比算定部１２は、火炉熱吸収量算出部１１にて算出された火炉３の熱吸収量に基づき第１燃料比を算定する第１燃料比算定部１２ａと、ＮＯｘ濃度データに基づき第２燃料比を算定する第２燃料比算定部１２ｂと、を含んで構成され、第１燃料比算定部１２ａで算定された第１燃料比と、第２燃料比算定部１２ｂで算定された第２燃料比とを参照して代表燃料比を算定する。すなわち、本実施形態に係る燃料比算定部１２は、ミル分級機２４の回転数制御装置に好適な燃料比算定装置の一態様である。 The fuel ratio calculation unit 12 includes a first fuel ratio calculation unit 12a that calculates the first fuel ratio based on the heat absorption amount of the furnace 3 calculated by the furnace heat absorption amount calculation unit 11, and a second fuel ratio calculation unit 12a based on the NOx concentration data. A second fuel ratio calculation unit 12b that calculates a fuel ratio, and includes a first fuel ratio calculated by the first fuel ratio calculation unit 12a and a second fuel ratio calculated by the second fuel ratio calculation unit 12b. The representative fuel ratio is calculated with reference to the fuel ratio. That is, the fuel ratio calculation unit 12 according to this embodiment is an aspect of a fuel ratio calculation device suitable for the rotation speed control device of the mill classifier 24.
回転数設定部１３は、燃料比算定部１２において火炉熱吸収量及びＮＯｘ濃度データから算定した代表燃料比に基づいて、ミル分級機２４の回転数を設定する。このように、火炉熱吸収量及びＮＯｘ濃度データに基づいて、ボイラ１の最適な運用に求められるミル分級機２４の回転数を自動的に設定することが可能であるため、ボイラ１の効率が向上して燃料のコスト低減につながる。 The rotation speed setting unit 13 sets the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 based on the representative fuel ratio calculated from the furnace heat absorption amount and the NOx concentration data in the fuel ratio calculation unit 12. Thus, since the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 required for the optimum operation of the boiler 1 can be automatically set based on the furnace heat absorption amount and the NOx concentration data, the efficiency of the boiler 1 is improved. This will improve fuel costs.
また、ボイラ１に用いる石炭の種類（石炭性状）を予め分析して、その分析結果に見合うようにミル分級機２４の回転数の設定値をオペレータが入力する必要がないため、オペレータの作業量を軽減することができる。 In addition, since it is not necessary for the operator to input the set value of the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 so as to match the analysis result in advance, the type of coal used in the boiler 1 (coal properties) is analyzed. Can be reduced.
ここで、火炉熱吸収量とＮＯｘ濃度データとから代表燃料比を算定する理由について、図５Ａ及び図５Ｂを参照して説明する。 Here, the reason for calculating the representative fuel ratio from the furnace heat absorption amount and the NOx concentration data will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B.
図５Ａに示すように、燃料比と火炉熱吸収量との関係には、燃料比が小さいほど火炉熱吸収量が多くなる特性がある。したがって、火炉熱吸収量が分かると、図５Ａのグラフから燃料比が求まる。 As shown in FIG. 5A, the relationship between the fuel ratio and the furnace heat absorption amount has a characteristic that the furnace heat absorption amount increases as the fuel ratio decreases. Therefore, if the furnace heat absorption amount is known, the fuel ratio can be obtained from the graph of FIG. 5A.
ただし、火炉熱吸収量は、火炉３内における灰分による汚れの程度によって、その値にばらつきが生じやすい。例えば、火炉熱吸収量Ｘに対して、燃料比の値Ｆ１は、汚れの程度によって図５Ａにおいて示す太線矢印の範囲でばらつく。そのため、火炉熱吸収量のみで燃料比を求める場合は、燃料比を高精度に算定できない可能性がある。 However, the value of the heat absorption amount of the furnace tends to vary depending on the degree of contamination by ash in the furnace 3. For example, with respect to the furnace heat absorption amount X, the fuel ratio value F1 varies within the range of the thick arrow shown in FIG. 5A depending on the degree of contamination. Therefore, when the fuel ratio is obtained only by the furnace heat absorption amount, there is a possibility that the fuel ratio cannot be calculated with high accuracy.
図５Ｂに示すように、燃料比と火炉出口におけるＮＯｘ値（濃度）との関係には、燃料比が小さいほどＮＯｘ値も小さくなる特性がある。したがって、ＮＯｘ値が分かると、図５Ｂのグラフから燃料比が求まる。例えば、ＮＯｘ値がＹの場合、燃料比Ｆ２が一意に求まる。 As shown in FIG. 5B, the relationship between the fuel ratio and the NOx value (concentration) at the furnace outlet has a characteristic that the NOx value decreases as the fuel ratio decreases. Therefore, when the NOx value is known, the fuel ratio can be obtained from the graph of FIG. 5B. For example, when the NOx value is Y, the fuel ratio F2 is uniquely obtained.
ただし、火炉出口におけるＮＯｘ値は、火炉熱吸収量と比べてその値にばらつきは生じにくいが、火炉３内への燃焼用空気の供給の仕方、燃焼温度、火炉３内における燃焼状態の均一さ（バランス）、空気と酸素との比率等のボイラ１の運転条件に依存して変化しやすい。そのため、ＮＯｘ値のみで燃料比を求める場合も、燃料比を高精度に算定できない可能性がある。 However, the NOx value at the furnace outlet is less likely to vary compared to the furnace heat absorption amount, but the method of supplying combustion air into the furnace 3, the combustion temperature, and the uniformity of the combustion state in the furnace 3 It tends to change depending on the operating conditions of the boiler 1, such as (balance) and the ratio of air to oxygen. For this reason, even when the fuel ratio is obtained only by the NOx value, there is a possibility that the fuel ratio cannot be calculated with high accuracy.
そこで、燃料比算定部１２は、第１燃料比算定部１２ａが火炉熱吸収量に基づいて算定した第１燃料比と、第２燃料比算定部１２ｂがＮＯｘ濃度データに基づいて算出した第２燃料比とに基づいて、代表燃料比を高精度に算定している。これにより、火炉熱吸収量のみで燃料比を求めた場合や、ＮＯｘ値のみで燃料比を求めた場合と比べて、ミル分級機２４の回転数をより精度よく調整することができる。 Therefore, the fuel ratio calculation unit 12 includes a first fuel ratio calculated by the first fuel ratio calculation unit 12a based on the furnace heat absorption amount, and a second fuel ratio calculated by the second fuel ratio calculation unit 12b based on the NOx concentration data. Based on the fuel ratio, the representative fuel ratio is calculated with high accuracy. Thereby, compared with the case where a fuel ratio is calculated | required only by the furnace heat absorption amount, or the case where a fuel ratio is calculated | required only by NOx value, the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 can be adjusted more accurately.
燃料比算定部１２は、第１燃料比と第２燃料比とを平均して代表燃料比を算定してもよいし、第１燃料比及び第２燃料比のそれぞれの値に重みづけした値を用いて代表燃料比を算定してもよい。 The fuel ratio calculation unit 12 may calculate the representative fuel ratio by averaging the first fuel ratio and the second fuel ratio, or values weighted to the respective values of the first fuel ratio and the second fuel ratio. May be used to calculate the representative fuel ratio.
また、燃料比算定部１２は、第１燃料比及び第２燃料比のうち大きい方の値を代表燃料比として算定してもよい。この場合、ミル分級機２４の回転数がより高い方に設定されるため、ボイラ１をより効率の良い状態で運用することができる。 Further, the fuel ratio calculation unit 12 may calculate the larger value of the first fuel ratio and the second fuel ratio as the representative fuel ratio. In this case, since the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 is set to be higher, the boiler 1 can be operated in a more efficient state.
本実施形態では、図６に示すように、回転数設定部１３は、代表燃料比に応じてミル分級機２４の回転数を段階的に設定している。図６では、ミル分級機２４の回転数が少ない方から第１段階、第２段階、第３段階の三段階に設定されている。 In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the rotation speed setting unit 13 sets the rotation speed of the mill classifier 24 stepwise according to the representative fuel ratio. In FIG. 6, the three stages of the first stage, the second stage, and the third stage are set from the one with the smaller rotational speed of the mill classifier 24.
仮に、ミル分級機２４の回転数をリアルタイムに制御（連続制御）してしまった場合、ボイラ１の運転がミル分級機２４の回転数の制御に追従できず、ボイラ１の運転タイミングとミル分級機２４の回転数の制御タイミングとの間にタイムラグが生じてしまう可能性がある。しかしながら、ミル分級機２４の回転数の制御を段階的に均らして鈍感にさせることにより、ミル分級機２４の回転数の制御がボイラ１の運転に追従しやすくなる。 If the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 is controlled in real time (continuous control), the operation of the boiler 1 cannot follow the control of the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24, and the operation timing of the boiler 1 and the mill classification There is a possibility that a time lag may occur between the control timing of the rotational speed of the machine 24. However, when the control of the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 is leveled and made insensitive, the control of the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 can easily follow the operation of the boiler 1.
また、本実施形態では、第１燃料比は、火炉熱吸収量に対して第１閾値及び第２閾値が設定されている。例えば、図５Ａに示すように、火炉３内の汚れが多い場合における火炉熱吸収量に対する燃料比の値を第１閾値α１に、火炉３内の汚れが少ない場合における火炉熱吸収量に対する燃料比の値を第２閾値α２に、それぞれ設定する。 In the present embodiment, as the first fuel ratio, a first threshold value and a second threshold value are set with respect to the furnace heat absorption amount. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, the value of the fuel ratio with respect to the furnace heat absorption amount when there is much dirt in the furnace 3 is the first threshold value α1, and the fuel ratio with respect to the furnace heat absorption amount when there is little dirt in the furnace 3 Are set to the second threshold value α2.
そして、燃料比算定部１２では、第１閾値α１と第２閾値α２との間に第２燃料比が含まれている場合に、第２燃料比に基づいて代表燃料比を算定する。具体的には、図５Ｂに示す火炉出口におけるＮＯｘ値Ｙから算定される燃料比Ｆ２（第２燃料比Ｆ２）が、図５Ａに示す太線矢印の範囲（火炉熱吸収量に対する第１閾値α１と第２閾値α２との間）に含まれる場合には、この第２燃料比Ｆ２に基づいて代表燃料比が算定される。 The fuel ratio calculation unit 12 calculates the representative fuel ratio based on the second fuel ratio when the second fuel ratio is included between the first threshold value α1 and the second threshold value α2. Specifically, the fuel ratio F2 (second fuel ratio F2) calculated from the NOx value Y at the furnace outlet shown in FIG. 5B is the range indicated by the thick line arrow shown in FIG. 5A (the first threshold value α1 with respect to the furnace heat absorption amount). If it falls within the second threshold value α2, the representative fuel ratio is calculated based on the second fuel ratio F2.
前述したように、火炉出口におけるＮＯｘ値は、ボイラ１の運転条件に依存して変化しやすいため、火炉熱吸収量に対して設定された第１閾値及び第２閾値に基づいて二重チェック（バックチェック）を行うことにより、燃料比の算定精度をさらに高めることが可能となる。 As described above, the NOx value at the furnace outlet is likely to change depending on the operating conditions of the boiler 1, so a double check based on the first threshold value and the second threshold value set for the furnace heat absorption amount ( By performing the back check, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of calculating the fuel ratio.
なお、本発明は上記した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to one having all the configurations described.
上記の実施形態では、燃料比算定部１２における代表燃料比の算定方法を具体的に説明したが、その算定方法について特に制限はなく、少なくとも第１燃料比と第２燃料比とを参照して代表燃料比が算定されていればよい。 In the above embodiment, the calculation method of the representative fuel ratio in the fuel ratio calculation unit 12 is specifically described. However, the calculation method is not particularly limited, and at least referring to the first fuel ratio and the second fuel ratio. It is sufficient that the representative fuel ratio is calculated.
上記の実施形態では、回転数設定部１３は、ミル分級機２４の回転数を代表燃料比に応じて段階的に設定していたが、必ずしもその必要はなく、少なくとも代表燃料比に基づいてミル分級機２４の回転数が設定されていればよい。 In the above embodiment, the rotational speed setting unit 13 sets the rotational speed of the mill classifier 24 in a stepwise manner according to the representative fuel ratio, but this is not always necessary, and at least the mill speed based on the representative fuel ratio is used. The rotational speed of the classifier 24 should just be set.
１ ボイラ（石炭焚きボイラ）
２ 微粉炭機
１１ 火炉熱吸収量算出部
１２ 燃料比算定部（燃料比算定装置）
１２ａ 第１燃料比算定部
１２ｂ 第２燃料比算定部
１３ 回転数設定部
２０ 制御装置（回転数制御装置）
２４ ミル分級機
α１ 第１閾値
α２ 第２閾値
Ｘ 火炉熱吸収量
Ｙ 火炉出口におけるＮＯｘ値
1 boiler (coal fired boiler)
2 Pulverized coal machine 11 Furnace heat absorption amount calculation unit 12 Fuel ratio calculation unit (fuel ratio calculation device)
12a 1st fuel ratio calculation part 12b 2nd fuel ratio calculation part 13 Rotation speed setting part 20 Control apparatus (rotation speed control apparatus)
24 mil classifier α1 First threshold α2 Second threshold X Furnace heat absorption Y NOx value at furnace outlet
Claims (5)
前記石炭焚きボイラの火炉熱吸収量を算出する火炉熱吸収量算出部と、
前記火炉熱吸収量に基づいて算定される第１燃料比と、前記石炭焚きボイラの火炉出口で計測されたＮＯｘ値に基づいて算定される第２燃料比と、を参照して、代表燃料比を算定する燃料比算定部と、
前記代表燃料比に基づいて前記ミル分級機の回転数を設定する回転数設定部と、を含む
ことを特徴とするミル分級機の回転数制御装置。 A rotational speed control device for a mill classifier applied to a coal-fired boiler,
A furnace heat absorption amount calculating unit for calculating the furnace heat absorption amount of the coal-fired boiler;
With reference to the first fuel ratio calculated based on the furnace heat absorption amount and the second fuel ratio calculated based on the NOx value measured at the furnace outlet of the coal fired boiler, the representative fuel ratio A fuel ratio calculation unit for calculating
A rotational speed setting unit configured to set a rotational speed of the mill classifier based on the representative fuel ratio.
前記燃料比算定部では、前記第１燃料比及び前記第２燃料比のうち大きい方の値に基づいて前記代表燃料比を算定する
ことを特徴とするミル分級機の回転数制御装置。 A rotation speed control device for a mill classifier according to claim 1,
The said fuel ratio calculation part calculates the said representative fuel ratio based on the larger value of the said 1st fuel ratio and the said 2nd fuel ratio, The rotation speed control apparatus of the mill classifier characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記第１燃料比は、前記火炉熱吸収量に対して第１閾値及び第２閾値が設定されており、
前記燃料比算定部は、前記第１閾値と前記第２閾値との間に前記第２燃料比が含まれている場合に、前記第２燃料比に基づいて前記代表燃料比を算定する
ことを特徴とするミル分級機の回転数制御装置。 A rotation speed control device for a mill classifier according to claim 1,
As for the first fuel ratio, a first threshold value and a second threshold value are set for the furnace heat absorption amount,
The fuel ratio calculation unit calculates the representative fuel ratio based on the second fuel ratio when the second fuel ratio is included between the first threshold and the second threshold. Rotating speed control device for mill classifier.
前記回転数設定部は、前記代表燃料比に応じて前記ミル分級機の回転数を段階的に設定する
ことを特徴とするミル分級機の回転数制御装置。 It is the rotation speed control apparatus of the mill classifier of any one of Claims 1-3,
The rotational speed control device for a mill classifier, wherein the rotational speed setting unit sets the rotational speed of the mill classifier stepwise in accordance with the representative fuel ratio.
前記石炭焚きボイラの火炉熱吸収量に基づいて第１燃料比を算定する第１燃料比算定部と、
前記石炭焚きボイラの火炉出口で計測されたＮＯｘ値に基づいて第２燃料比を算定する第２燃料比算定部と、を含み、
前記第１燃料比と前記第２燃料比とを参照して代表燃料比を算定する
ことを特徴とする燃料比算定装置。 A fuel ratio calculation device applied to a coal-fired boiler,
A first fuel ratio calculation unit for calculating a first fuel ratio based on a furnace heat absorption amount of the coal-fired boiler;
A second fuel ratio calculator that calculates a second fuel ratio based on the NOx value measured at the furnace outlet of the coal fired boiler,
A fuel ratio calculation device that calculates a representative fuel ratio with reference to the first fuel ratio and the second fuel ratio.
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