JP2022172711A - Dry-type gravity sorting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a dry-type gravity sorting apparatus that is effective in reducing CO2 while performing energy saving more than a wet-type gravity sorting apparatus and can accurately sort mixed wastes whose sizes are 2 mm or less.SOLUTION: A dry-type gravity sorting apparatus comprises a sorting porous vibration plate arranged obliquely, a hopper that puts raw materials to be sorted mixed with materials with different gravities onto an upper surface of the sorting porous vibration plate, and air blowing-up means that blows up air onto a lower surface of the sorting porous vibration plate, which is configured to move heavy materials having high gravities in a direction of an upper end of the sorting porous vibration plate and move light materials having small gravities in a direction of a lower end of the sorting porous vibration plate, separately. The sorting porous vibration plate is formed to become narrower toward an end part in an ejecting direction of the heavy materials in a planar view, which has, on a center line in a longitudinal direction of the sorting porous vibration plate on the upper surface of the sorting porous vibration plate, a deflected concave part formed toward the end part in the ejecting direction of the heavy materials.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the invention of a dry specific gravity sorting apparatus capable of effectively separating mixed waste containing substances with different specific gravities into light and heavy items, and more particularly, to fine particles of 2 mm or less. It relates to a dry gravity sorter for sorting mixed waste.

In the past, waste IC boards, home appliances, motors, smartphones, personal computers, etc., various electric wiring wastes, etc. Various minute substances with different specific gravities are mixed together, such as fragments, glass fragments, plastic fragments, and carbon fragments. For these waste products, it is necessary to sort out substances such as metal pieces to be reused and other contaminants to be discarded.

A dry specific gravity sorting apparatus (for example, Patent Document 1) is known as a sorting apparatus used for sorting materials in which substances having different specific gravities are mixed. The basic structure of this specific gravity sorting device is that a reticulated diaphragm is provided at an angle, air is blown up from below the reticulated diaphragm to the surface of the diaphragm, and the material to be screened is put into the reticulated diaphragm surface so that the material has a large specific gravity. The heavy object is moved upward and discharged from the heavy object outlet, and the light object having a small specific gravity is separated and moved downward and discharged from the light object outlet.

The dry specific gravity sorting device utilizes the friction of the reticulated diaphragm to sort substances with different specific gravities. A (stepped) reticulated diaphragm is also used.

When sorting fine materials of 2 mm or less to be sorted, higher sorting performance is required. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 of Patent Document 1, in the reticular diaphragm having a sawtooth shape on the side surface, the height of one sawtooth tooth is increased (one staircase step is increased). The faster you go, the greater the friction. However, if a net-like diaphragm with one sawtooth tooth high (one stair step high) is used, so-called contamination (mixing) in sorting is likely to occur, and fine materials of 2 mm or less to be sorted are likely to occur. There was a problem that it is difficult to sort out by a dry specific gravity sorter.

Therefore, a wet specific gravity sorting apparatus is also known as a sorting apparatus used for sorting materials in which substances having different specific gravities are mixed. The wet specific gravity sorter is a device for performing the wet sorting method, and the wet sorting is often adopted when sorting materials that are difficult to sort because of the small difference in specific gravity. , and sorting of mixed plastic waste. Wet sorting methods include feeding the material to be sorted into a thin stream of fluid flowing on a horizontal or inclined plate, and sorting by the difference in moving speed due to density (thin flow sorting), and sorting the material on a fixed net. By passing vertically pulsating water through the material to be sorted, it is stratified according to the specific gravity, and the material to be sorted is supplied into a liquid (heavy liquid) with an appropriate density for sorting (jig sorting). , a method in which particles with a density smaller than that of a heavy liquid and particles with a density larger than that of a heavy liquid are sorted by floating and sinking separation (heavy liquid sorting).

Since water is used in all of these wet sorting methods, water for water treatment and energy and facilities for treating the water are required. In addition, there is also a problem that minute metals such as copper are washed away together with water during wet sorting.

For this reason, since it is difficult to sort mixed waste containing fine glass, metal, plastic, etc. of 2 mm or less, it has been discarded without being collected.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-314675

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the conventional technology described above, and is more energy-saving and CO2 _- reducing than wet sorting. Dry specific gravity sorting that enables accurate sorting of mixed waste of 2 mm or less. The purpose is to provide an apparatus.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention includes a sorting porous vibrating plate provided at an angle, and a material to be sorted in which substances with different specific gravities are mixed is put into the upper surface of the sorting porous vibrating plate. A hopper and an air blowing means for blowing air to the lower surface of the perforated screening diaphragm for blowing heavy objects with high specific gravity toward the upper end of the perforated screening diaphragm and light objects with small specific gravity to the perforated screening diaphragm. It is a dry type specific gravity difference sorting device that separates and moves in the lower end direction, and the sorting perforated vibration plate has a shape that narrows in plan view toward the end in the discharge direction of the heavy object. and a dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus having a distorted concave portion formed toward the end in the direction of discharging heavy objects on the longitudinal center line of the porous sorting diaphragm on the upper surface of the porous sorting diaphragm.

It is preferable that the distorted concave portion of the upper surface of the perforated selection diaphragm is formed at least from the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the perforated selection diaphragm toward the end portion in the direction of discharging the heavy object.

It is preferable that an end of the perforated screening diaphragm in the direction of discharging heavy objects is more distorted than the other end of the perforated screening diaphragm in the direction of discharging light objects.

It is preferable to have a porous base plate provided below the perforated screening diaphragm, and to detachably attach the perforated screening diaphragm to the porous base plate.

Preferably, the material to be sorted comprises material to be sorted of 2 mm or less.

It is more energy-saving and CO2 _- reducing than wet sorting, and it is possible to provide a dry specific gravity sorter that can accurately sort mixed waste of 2 mm or less.

FIG. 4 is a 3D schematic diagram showing undulations of the perforated diaphragm of the dry specific gravity separator according to the present invention. Fig. 1 shows a porous sorting diaphragm of a dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention, (a) is a schematic plan view showing how the porous sorting diaphragm is pressed, (b) is a schematic front view of the porous sorting diaphragm, and (c) is a schematic front view of the porous sorting diaphragm. Fig. 10 is a schematic side view of a sorting perforated diaphragm; Fig. 2 shows the traveling direction control effect of the perforated diaphragm for selection of the dry specific gravity separator according to the present invention, (a) is a schematic plan view of the perforated diaphragm for selection, (b) is a schematic front view of the perforated diaphragm for selection, and (c). is a schematic side view of the sorting perforated diaphragm. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing the movement direction control effect of the perforated screening diaphragm of the dry specific gravity sorter according to the present invention; Fig. 2 shows the density increase effect (apparent specific gravity) of the perforated diaphragm for selection of the dry specific gravity selector according to the present invention, where (a) is a schematic plan view of the perforated diaphragm for selection, and (b) is a schematic front view of the perforated diaphragm for selection. , (c) is a schematic side view of the sorting perforated diaphragm. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing the effect of increasing the density (apparent specific gravity) of the perforated diaphragm for selection of the dry specific gravity separator according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a screening perforated diaphragm of the dry specific gravity selector according to the present invention; It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the principle of dry-type gravity-separation of the dry-type gravity-separation apparatus which concerns on this invention. 4 is a photograph showing a state in which materials to be sorted having a size of 2 mm or less are sorted using the dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention. 4 is a photograph showing materials to be sorted after being sorted using the dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention. It is a photograph showing a state of sorting materials of 2 mm or less to be sorted using a conventional dry specific gravity sorting device. 1 is a photograph showing a material to be sorted after being sorted using a conventional dry specific gravity sorter.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but these embodiments are shown by way of example, and it goes without saying that various modifications are possible without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Identical parts are indicated by the same reference numerals.

A dry specific gravity sorter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dry specific gravity sorting device according to the present invention is a dry specific gravity sorting device that is particularly suitable for sorting materials to be sorted having a size of 2 mm or less. a hopper into which materials to be sorted mixed with substances having different specific gravities are placed on the upper surface of the separator; It is a dry specific gravity difference sorting device that separates and moves light objects with a small specific gravity in the upper end direction of the selective perforated diaphragm toward the lower end direction. and is formed on the upper surface of the perforated selection diaphragm toward the end in the heavy load discharge direction on the longitudinal center line of the perforated selection diaphragm. It is a dry type specific gravity difference sorting device having a distorted concave portion.

The basic configuration of the dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention, that is, the perforated vibrating plate for sorting provided at an angle, and the hopper into which the material to be sorted in which substances with different specific gravities are mixed is put on the upper surface of the perforated vibrating plate for sorting. and air blowing means for blowing air to the lower surface of the perforated selection diaphragm, wherein heavy objects with high specific gravity are directed toward the upper end of the perforated selection diaphragm, and light objects with low specific gravity are directed toward the lower end of the perforated selection diaphragm. A dry type specific gravity sorting device that separates and moves in the direction is disclosed, for example, in Patent Document 1, and therefore will not be described again.

1 to 8 show the selective perforated diaphragm of the dry specific gravity separator according to the present invention. 1 to 8, reference numeral 10 denotes a perforated diaphragm for selection of the dry specific gravity separator according to the present invention.

The perforated sorting diaphragm 10 has a shape that narrows in a plan view toward an end portion 12 in the discharge direction of the heavy object. A distorted concave portion 14 is formed on the upper surface of the perforated selection diaphragm 10 on the longitudinal center line O of the perforated selection diaphragm so as to face the end portion 12 in the heavy load discharge direction.

Further, a distorted concave portion 14 on the upper surface of the perforated selection diaphragm is formed at least from the central portion P in the longitudinal direction of the perforated selection diaphragm 10 toward the end portion 12 in the heavy load discharge direction. The distorted concave portion 14 can be formed by partially pressing the upper surface of the perforated selection diaphragm 10 . The degree of distortion (amount of distortion) of the distortion concave portion 14 may be appropriately adjusted and determined according to the specific gravity, particle size, crushed shape, etc. of the mixed waste (material to be sorted).

For example, FIG. 2(a) shows the partial pressing amount of the upper surface of the perforated screening diaphragm 10. As shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 2(a), partial pressing is performed so that the longitudinal center line O of the perforated screening diaphragm 10 is pressed most. The unit of the numbers in FIG. 2(a) is mm, and along the longitudinal centerline O, the pressure is 4 mm at the rear position of the perforated screening diaphragm 10, and 3 mm at each of the left and right positions. ing. Further, as shown in FIG. 2(a), along the longitudinal centerline O, the perforated sorting diaphragm 10 is pressed by 6 mm at the front position, and pressed by 5 mm at each of the left and right positions. The left and right positions are pressed by 3 mm each. 2(b) and 2(c) show a schematic front view and a schematic side view of the perforated screening diaphragm 10, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 2(b) and 2(c), the lower surface 15 of the distorted recess 14 is distorted compared to the surfaces of other portions.

By partially pressing in this manner, the distorted concave portion 14 as shown in FIG. 1 is formed. In the illustrated example, the end portion 12 of the perforated screening diaphragm 10 in the direction of discharging heavy objects is more distorted than the end portion 16 of the perforated screening diaphragm 10 in the direction of discharging light objects. Note that the perforated sorting diaphragm 10 has a shape that narrows in plan view toward the end 12 in the discharge direction of the heavy objects, but the end 12 in the discharge direction of the heavy objects is 1, preferably all strain recesses 14 are provided. In the illustrated example, a 100-mesh mesh screen (0.149 mm opening) is used as the screening perforated diaphragm 10 (see FIG. 7).

In order to sort fine mixed waste of 2 mm or less with high accuracy, if a saw-toothed sorting perforated vibrating plate as described in the conventional patent document 1 is used, contamination is caught by the saw-toothed teeth during sorting. Since there is a risk of occurrence of burs, it is desirable that the top surface of the perforated selection diaphragm be as flat as possible. On the other hand, in order to perform dry specific gravity sorting, it is necessary to separate and sort items with heavy specific gravity toward the upper end and those with light specific gravity toward the lower end. In the present invention, as a result of earnest research to solve such problems of the conventional technology, it was found that fine mixed waste of 2 mm or less can be accurately sorted by forming the distorted concave portion 14 as described above. I found it.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, a porous base plate 20 attached to a frame 18 (see FIG. 7) is provided below the perforated diaphragm 10 for selection. The perforated screening diaphragm 10 is detachably attached to the plate 20 . Therefore, the user can replace only the perforated screening diaphragm 10 as appropriate. A punching plate, for example, can be applied as the porous base plate 20, and a punching opening of about 3 to 5 mm, for example, can be used. 7 and 8, reference numeral 22 denotes mesh holes of the perforated screening diaphragm 10, and reference numerals 24 and 26 denote pressing members (not shown) for pressing the upper surface of the perforated screening diaphragm 10, respectively. ) is a frame member for mounting.

In addition, below the perforated selection diaphragm 10 shown in FIG. It is preferable to set the diaphragm flat and to tilt the perforated screening diaphragm 10 thereon. In FIG. 8, reference numeral 28 indicates a material to be sorted having a high specific gravity, and reference numeral 30 indicates a material having a low specific gravity to be sorted.

3 and 4 show the movement direction control effect of the perforated screening diaphragm 10 of the dry specific gravity selector according to the present invention. As shown by gray triangles in FIG. 3 and by multiple arrows in FIG. converge toward the longitudinal center line O and converge toward the end 12 in the heavy load discharge direction. In this manner, the screening perforated vibration plate 10 has the effect of controlling the traveling direction of the input materials to be screened.

5 and 6 show the densification effect (apparent specific gravity) of the perforated separating diaphragm 10 of the dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention. As indicated by gray in different colors in FIG. 5, and as indicated by multiple arrows in FIG. 6, the charged material to be sorted has a large apparent specific gravity according to the vibration of the sorting porous vibrating plate 10. Objects (objects with high specific gravity) are converged toward the end portion 12 in the heavy object discharge direction. As described above, the perforated diaphragm for sorting 10 has the effect of increasing the density in the traveling direction of the material to be sorted, even though the apparent specific gravity is large.

With the configuration of the perforated diaphragm for selection 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, a material to be screened of 2 mm or less is selected by using the dry specific gravity separator according to the present invention equipped with the perforated diaphragm for selection 10 using a mesh of 100 mesh. A photograph showing sorting is shown in FIG. 9, and a photograph after sorting is shown in FIG. It can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10 that copper wires of 2 mm or less are separated and selected with high accuracy.

On the other hand, materials to be sorted of 2 mm or less are similarly sorted using a dry specific gravity sorter equipped with a conventional flat perforated sorting diaphragm using a 100-mesh net in which the distorted recesses 14 are not formed. A photograph showing the state is shown in FIG. 11, and a photograph after sorting is shown in FIG. In FIGS. 11 and 12, it can be seen that the copper wire of 2 mm or less is mixed with white substances and black substances.

Furthermore, in the configuration of the perforated diaphragm for selection 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the dry specific gravity selector according to the present invention, in which the perforated diaphragm for selection 10 using a 100-mesh net is attached, and the distorted concave portion 14 are formed. Table 1 shows the sorting results of the mixed waste with a dry gravity sorter fitted with a conventional flat sorting perforated vibrating plate using a 100-mesh mesh that was not screened.

In Table 1, non-ferrous metals are sorted on the heavy side. Also, the deck residue is a small amount of material to be sorted that remains in a stable state (that has not moved to the relatively "heavy" or "light" side) on the sorting perforated diaphragm.

As shown in Table 1, automobile-derived dust (1) and (2), home appliance-derived dust, Also, the crushed electric wires were sorted.

As can be seen from the "Evaluation" in Table 1, when sorting using the sorting porous vibration plate of the dry specific gravity sorting device according to the present invention, even particles with a particle size of 0 to 2 mm can be separated and sorted with high accuracy and recovered. I understand. Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately sort mixed wastes of 2 mm or less. In addition, unlike wet sorting, water treatment is not required, so there is an advantage that it saves energy and also has the effect of reducing _CO2 .

In the above-described sorting examples, the materials to be sorted were dust derived from automobiles, dust derived from household appliances, and crushed electric wires. It can also be suitably used for sorting white sand containing. Shirasu consists of volcanic glass as its main component and various kinds of crystalline minerals, and is used as a construction material. However, by using the dry specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to sort shirasu, separate and sort volcanic vitreous, crystalline, pumice, etc. contained in shirasu, and utilize the entire amount.

10: Sorting porous diaphragm, 12: End in discharge direction of heavy object, 14: Strain recess, 15: Lower surface of strain recess, 16: End in discharge direction of light object, 18: Frame, 20: Porous base Plate 22: Mesh holes of perforated diaphragm for sorting 24, 26: Frame member 28: Material to be sorted has heavy specific gravity 30: Material to be sorted has light specific gravity O: Longitudinal direction of perforated diaphragm for sorting Center line, P: longitudinal central part of the sorting perforated diaphragm.

Claims (5)

a sorting perforated diaphragm provided at an angle;
a hopper for loading a material to be sorted in which substances with different specific gravities are mixed on the upper surface of the sorting perforated diaphragm;
an air blowing means for blowing air onto the lower surface of the selective perforated diaphragm;
has
A dry type specific gravity sorting device that separates and moves heavy objects with high specific gravity toward the upper end of the perforated screening diaphragm, and light objects with lower specific gravity toward the lower end of the perforated diaphragm for selection,
The sorting perforated diaphragm has a shape that narrows in a plan view toward the end in the discharge direction of the heavy object,
A dry type specific gravity sorting device having a distorted concave portion formed toward the end in the direction of discharging heavy objects on the longitudinal center line of the perforated selection diaphragm on the upper surface of the perforated selection diaphragm. 2. The dry specific gravity sorter according to claim 1, wherein the distorted concave portion of the upper surface of said perforated selection diaphragm is formed at least from the longitudinal central portion of said perforated selection diaphragm toward the end portion in said heavy object discharge direction. . 3. The dry specific gravity sorter according to claim 1, wherein the end of said perforated screening diaphragm in the direction of discharging heavy objects is more distorted than the end of said perforated screening diaphragm in the direction of discharging light objects. 4. The porous screening diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a porous base plate provided below said porous screening diaphragm, wherein said porous screening diaphragm is detachably attached to said porous base plate. Dry specific gravity difference sorting device. The dry specific gravity sorter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material to be sorted includes a material to be sorted of 2 mm or less.

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