JP2022168930A - Fuel cell system and exhaust gas clarification method - Google Patents

Fuel cell system and exhaust gas clarification method Download PDF

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JP2022168930A
JP2022168930A JP2021074625A JP2021074625A JP2022168930A JP 2022168930 A JP2022168930 A JP 2022168930A JP 2021074625 A JP2021074625 A JP 2021074625A JP 2021074625 A JP2021074625 A JP 2021074625A JP 2022168930 A JP2022168930 A JP 2022168930A
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望 笠原
Nozomi Kasahara
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

To reduce the amount of ammonia discharged to outside of a system and improve power generation efficiency in a fuel cell system using ammonia-containing gas as fuel.SOLUTION: A fuel electrode exhaust including hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia and water is cooled by fuel electrode exhaust gas piping and a low-temperature box, and the water removed by being liquefied and the ammonia is removed by being dissolved in water. As a result, the concentration of ammonia in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas discharge piping to the outside of the fuel cell system is reduced, and moisture is removed from the recycled exhaust that is resupplied to the fuel electrode from hydrogen resupply piping Also, the liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) is transferred from the low-temperature box to a high-temperature box via an ammonia aqueous solution pipe, heated, separated from the water, and re-supplied to the fuel electrode, thereby recycling the ammonia.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本願は、燃料電池システムおよび排気ガス浄化方法に関するものである。 The present application relates to a fuel cell system and an exhaust gas purification method.

アンモニアを燃料とする燃料電池においては、燃料のアンモニアは触媒と高熱によって窒素と水素に分解されて燃料極に供給され、発電により水が発生する。発生した水は、未分解のアンモニア、発電に利用されなかった水素、窒素と一緒に燃料極から排出される。 In a fuel cell using ammonia as a fuel, ammonia as a fuel is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen by a catalyst and high heat, and supplied to the fuel electrode to generate water by power generation. The generated water is discharged from the fuel electrode together with undecomposed ammonia, hydrogen not used for power generation, and nitrogen.

従来の方法（例えば、特許文献１など）では燃料極排気ガスに含まれるアンモニア、あるいは水素は燃焼処分され、発電に直接利用されることはなく、発電効率の低下、あるいは燃料電池システム系外へのアンモニア排出、アンモニア処理装置のコスト増、あるいはアンモニア処理に伴うＮＯｘ発生量増加に繋がっている。 In conventional methods (for example, Patent Document 1, etc.), the ammonia or hydrogen contained in the fuel electrode exhaust gas is burned and disposed of, and is not directly used for power generation. emissions of ammonia, an increase in the cost of ammonia treatment equipment, or an increase in the amount of NOx generated due to ammonia treatment.

このような問題に対して、燃料極排気ガスを直接、燃料極に再供給し、排気ガスの浄化を図る方法（例えば、特許文献２）などが提言されている。しかし、燃料電池には燃料ガス中の水分量が増加すると発電電圧が低下する特性があり、燃料極排気ガス中には多量の水分が含まれるため、燃料極排気ガスを直接、燃料極に再供給した場合は、発電電圧が低下し、排気ガスの再供給による発電効率向上の効果が減少する。 In order to deal with such problems, a method of resupplying the fuel electrode exhaust gas directly to the fuel electrode to purify the exhaust gas has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2). However, fuel cells have the characteristic that the power generation voltage drops as the amount of water in the fuel gas increases. If exhaust gas is supplied, the power generation voltage will drop, and the effect of improving the power generation efficiency by resupplying the exhaust gas will decrease.

そこで、水素、あるいはメタンを燃料とする燃料電池においては、燃料極排気ガスから水分を除去して再供給し、発電効率の向上を図る方法（例えば特許文献３）が提言されている。 Therefore, in a fuel cell using hydrogen or methane as a fuel, a method of removing water from the fuel electrode exhaust gas and resupplying it to improve power generation efficiency has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 3).

しかし、水素、あるいはメタンと異なり、アンモニアは非常に水に溶け込み易い特性を持っているため、アンモニアを燃料とする燃料電池においては排気ガスから水分だけを除去することが難しく、水分を除去したうえでアンモニアを再供給することが困難である。 However, unlike hydrogen or methane, ammonia is highly soluble in water, so it is difficult to remove only water from the exhaust gas in a fuel cell that uses ammonia as fuel. It is difficult to resupply ammonia at

特開２０２０－９８７５９号公報JP 2020-98759 A 特開２０１１－２０４４１８号公報JP 2011-204418 A 特開２００７－３１１２００号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-311200

特許文献１の燃料電池では、排気ガス（アンモニア、水素を含む）の再供給を行わないため、再供給による発電効率向上が見込めず、また燃料電池システム系外にアンモニアを排出してしまう問題があった。 In the fuel cell of Patent Document 1, since the exhaust gas (including ammonia and hydrogen) is not resupplied, the power generation efficiency cannot be expected to be improved by the resupply, and there is a problem that ammonia is discharged outside the fuel cell system system. there were.

また、特許文献２の燃料電池においては、排気ガスを処理せずに燃料極に再供給しているため、水分の多い排気ガスを再供給してしまい、発電効率向上の効果が低減してしまう問題があった。 In addition, in the fuel cell of Patent Document 2, since the exhaust gas is resupplied to the fuel electrode without being treated, exhaust gas with a large amount of moisture is resupplied, and the effect of improving the power generation efficiency is reduced. I had a problem.

また、特許文献３の燃料電池においては、燃料極排気ガスから水分を除去し、再供給しているが、アンモニアを燃料とする燃料電池の場合、アンモニアと水分の分離が困難である。 In addition, in the fuel cell of Patent Document 3, moisture is removed from the fuel electrode exhaust gas and resupplied, but in the case of a fuel cell using ammonia as fuel, it is difficult to separate ammonia and moisture.

本願は上記のような課題を解決するための技術を開示するものであり、燃料電池システムにおいて、排気ガス中から水分を除去したアンモニア含有ガスを燃料極に再供給することで、燃料極供給ガス中の水分比率増加による発電電圧低下を防止することができ、これにより、発電効率の向上が図ることができるとともに、アンモニアの系外排出の抑制を実現できることを目的とする。 The present application discloses a technique for solving the above problems, and in a fuel cell system, by resupplying to the fuel electrode ammonia-containing gas from which moisture has been removed from the exhaust gas, the fuel electrode supply gas An object of the present invention is to prevent a reduction in power generation voltage due to an increase in the water content ratio in the medium, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and realizing suppression of the discharge of ammonia to the outside of the system.

本願に開示される燃料電池システムは、
燃料極と空気極とから構成されるとともに、アンモニア含有ガスが燃料として前記燃料極へ供給される燃料電池と、
気体と液体とを分離して蓄えるとともに分離した気体および液体を外部に排出する第１の密閉容器と、
前記第１の密閉容器よりも高温に内部を温めることが可能で、気体と液体とを分離して蓄えるとともに分離した気体および液体を外部に排出する第２の密閉容器と、
前記燃料極と前記第１の密閉容器とを連結し、前記燃料極からの排気ガスを前記第１の密閉容器に移送する第１のガス用配管と、
前記第１の密閉容器と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、アンモニアを含む水様液を前記第１の密閉容器から前記第２の密閉容器に移送する第１の液体用配管と、
前記第１の密閉容器と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、水様液を前記第２の密閉容器から前記第１の密閉容器へ移送する第２の液体用配管と、
前記燃料極と前記第１の密閉容器とを連結し、前記第１の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に戻す第２のガス用配管と、
前記燃料極と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、前記第２の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に戻す第３のガス用配管と、
を備え、
前記燃料極から排気される排気ガスを前記第１の密閉容器で冷却するとともに、前記第１の密閉容器で分離された液体を前記第２の密閉容器で温めることにより、前記排気ガスの中に含まれるアンモニアと水様液とを分離し、前記第１の密閉容器あるいは前記第２の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に供給する、
ことを特徴とするものである。 The fuel cell system disclosed in the present application is
a fuel cell comprising a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and supplying an ammonia-containing gas as a fuel to the fuel electrode;
a first sealed container that separates and stores gas and liquid and discharges the separated gas and liquid to the outside;
a second closed container capable of heating the inside to a higher temperature than the first closed container, storing gas and liquid separately and discharging the separated gas and liquid to the outside;
a first gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the first sealed container and transfers exhaust gas from the fuel electrode to the first sealed container;
a first liquid pipe that connects the first closed container and the second closed container and transfers an aqueous liquid containing ammonia from the first closed container to the second closed container;
a second liquid pipe that connects the first closed container and the second closed container and transfers an aqueous liquid from the second closed container to the first closed container;
a second gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the first closed container and returns the gas generated in the first closed container to the fuel electrode;
a third gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the second closed container and returns the gas generated in the second closed container to the fuel electrode;
with
By cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel electrode in the first closed container and by warming the liquid separated in the first closed container in the second closed container, separating the contained ammonia and aqueous liquid, and supplying the gas generated in the first closed container or the second closed container to the fuel electrode;
It is characterized by

本願に開示される燃料電池システムによれば、排気ガス中から水分を除去したアンモニア含有ガスを燃料極に再供給することで、燃料極供給ガス中の水分比率増加による発電電圧低下を防止することができ、これにより、発電効率の向上が図れる。 According to the fuel cell system disclosed in the present application, by resupplying the ammonia-containing gas from which water has been removed from the exhaust gas to the fuel electrode, it is possible to prevent the power generation voltage from decreasing due to an increase in the water content in the gas supplied to the fuel electrode. can be achieved, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

また、本願に開示される排気ガス浄化方法によれば、排気ガス並びに排出水分からアンモニアを除去することができ、燃料電池システム系外へのアンモニア排出の抑制が図れる。 Further, according to the exhaust gas purifying method disclosed in the present application, ammonia can be removed from the exhaust gas and discharged moisture, and ammonia emission to the outside of the fuel cell system can be suppressed.

実施の形態１の燃料電池システムを示す模式図である。1 is a schematic diagram showing a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 実施の形態２の燃料電池システムを示す模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2; FIG.

本願は、アンモニアを燃料とする燃料電池を使用した燃料電池システムに係り、燃料極から排出される排気ガスを燃料極に再供給する手段を有する燃料電池システムに関するものである。以下、本願の燃料電池システムを図に基づいて説明する。 The present invention relates to a fuel cell system using a fuel cell using ammonia as a fuel, and to a fuel cell system having means for re-supplying exhaust gas discharged from a fuel electrode to the fuel electrode. The fuel cell system of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

実施の形態１．
図１は、実施の形態１の燃料電池システム１００を示す模式図である。 Embodiment 1.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG.

図１において、燃料極１と空気極２とは燃料電池３を構成しており、燃料極１への燃料供給用配管４（以下、略して燃料供給用配管４と呼ぶ）を用いて燃料極１に供給される燃料ガスは、アンモニア及び、アンモニアを分解して得られた水素、窒素等を含むガスである。 In FIG. 1, a fuel electrode 1 and an air electrode 2 constitute a fuel cell 3, and a fuel supply pipe 4 to the fuel electrode 1 (hereinafter referred to as a fuel supply pipe 4 for short) is used to supply fuel to the fuel electrode. The fuel gas supplied to 1 is a gas containing ammonia, hydrogen obtained by decomposing ammonia, nitrogen, and the like.

燃料極１から排気されるガスには、燃料極１に供給したものの分解されなかったガス、あるいは発電反応に用いられなかった残りのガスであるアンモニア、水素に加え、アンモニアの分解反応、あるいは発電反応によって生成される水素、窒素、水分（以降、水様液とも呼ぶ）が含まれている。 The gas exhausted from the fuel electrode 1 includes ammonia, which is the gas supplied to the fuel electrode 1 but not decomposed, or the remaining gas not used in the power generation reaction. It contains hydrogen, nitrogen, and water (hereinafter also referred to as aqueous liquid) produced by the reaction.

燃料極１からの排気ガスは燃料極からの排気ガス用配管５（以下、略して排気ガス用配管５、あるいは第１のガス用配管５とも呼ぶ）によって低温箱６（以下、第１の密閉容器６とも呼ぶ）に導かれる。
低温箱６は内部が室温程度まで冷やされる密閉容器で、その上部に気体を、その下部に液体を蓄える構造となっており、排気ガス用配管５は下部液体中に開口し、排気ガス用配管５を通過してきたガスは液体（アンモニア水溶液）と気体（水素、窒素）に分離される。 Exhaust gas from the fuel electrode 1 is passed through a cryogenic chamber 6 (hereinafter referred to as a first hermetic seal) through an exhaust gas pipe 5 from the fuel electrode (hereinafter also referred to as the exhaust gas pipe 5 or the first gas pipe 5 for short). (also called container 6).
The low temperature box 6 is a sealed container whose inside is cooled to about room temperature, and has a structure in which gas is stored in the upper part and liquid is stored in the lower part. The gas that has passed through 5 is separated into liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) and gas (hydrogen, nitrogen).

ここで、排気ガス用配管５、低温箱６、並びに低温箱６中の液体の冷却には、熱の有効利用のために、空気極２に供給する空気等を利用しても良い。 Here, for cooling the exhaust gas pipe 5, the low-temperature box 6, and the liquid in the low-temperature box 6, air or the like supplied to the air electrode 2 may be used for effective use of heat.

低温箱６で分離され、アンモニアと水分が除去された気体（水素、窒素）は、ガス再供給用配管１３（以下、第２のガス用配管１３とも呼ぶ）を用いて燃料極１に再供給され、燃料電池システムの発電効率を向上させるが、低温箱６で水分が除去されているため、ガス再供給用配管１３から再供給されるガス中の水分によって燃料電池の発電電圧が下がることはない。 Gases (hydrogen, nitrogen) separated in the low temperature chamber 6 and from which ammonia and moisture are removed are resupplied to the fuel electrode 1 using a gas resupply pipe 13 (hereinafter also referred to as a second gas pipe 13). This improves the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell system, but since water is removed in the low temperature chamber 6, the water in the gas re-supplied from the gas re-supply pipe 13 does not lower the power generation voltage of the fuel cell. do not have.

また、分離された気体の一部は、ガス排出用配管１２から燃料電池システム系外に排出される。なお、分離された気体の一部を燃焼させ、その熱を燃料電池システムで利用しても良い。低温箱６でアンモニアが分離されているため、ガス排出用配管１２から燃料電池システム系外に排出されるガスには、アンモニアが含まれない。低温箱６で気体と分離された液体（アンモニア水溶液）は、アンモニア水溶液用配管８（以下、第１の液体用配管８とも呼ぶ）で連結された高温箱７（以下、第２の密閉容器７とも呼ぶ）に移動される。 Also, part of the separated gas is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 12 to the outside of the fuel cell system. It is also possible to burn part of the separated gas and use the heat in the fuel cell system. Since ammonia is separated in the low-temperature box 6, the gas discharged from the gas discharge pipe 12 to the outside of the fuel cell system does not contain ammonia. The liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) separated from the gas in the low temperature box 6 is transferred to a high temperature box 7 (hereinafter referred to as a second sealed container 7 (also called

高温箱７は、内部が９５℃～１００℃程度まで温められる密閉容器で、その上部に気体を、その下部に液体を蓄える構造となっており、アンモニア水溶液用配管８は下部液体中に開口し、通過してきた液体（アンモニア水溶液）は温められることにより、気体（アンモニア）と液体（水あるいは水様液）に分離される。 The high-temperature box 7 is a sealed container whose interior can be heated to about 95° C. to 100° C., and has a structure in which gas is stored in the upper part and liquid in the lower part, and the ammonia aqueous solution pipe 8 opens into the lower liquid. , the passing liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) is heated and separated into gas (ammonia) and liquid (water or aqueous liquid).

ここで、アンモニア水溶液用配管８、高温箱７、並びに高温箱７中の液体の加熱には、熱の有効利用のために空気極２から排出される高温の空気等を利用しても良い。
高温箱７で分離された気体（アンモニア）は、アンモニア再供給用配管１０（以下、第３のガス用配管１０とも呼ぶ）を用いて燃料極１に再供給され、燃料電池システムの発電効率を向上させるが、高温箱７で水分（水様液）から分離されているため、アンモニア再供給用配管１０から再供給されるガス中の水分によって、燃料電池の発電電圧が下がることはない。 Here, for heating the ammonia aqueous solution pipe 8, the high temperature box 7, and the liquid in the high temperature box 7, high temperature air discharged from the air electrode 2 may be used for effective use of heat.
The gas (ammonia) separated by the high-temperature box 7 is resupplied to the fuel electrode 1 using an ammonia resupply pipe 10 (hereinafter also referred to as a third gas pipe 10), thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell system. However, since moisture (aqueous liquid) is separated by the high temperature box 7, the moisture in the gas re-supplied from the ammonia re-supply pipe 10 does not lower the power generation voltage of the fuel cell.

高温箱７で分離された液体は、水様液用配管９（第２の液体用配管９とも呼ぶ）を用いて低温箱６に戻され、その一部は、途中、水分排出用配管１１から燃料電池システム系外に排出されるが、高温箱７でアンモニアが分離されているため、この水分排出用配管１１から排出される液体には、アンモニアが含まれない。 The liquid separated in the high-temperature box 7 is returned to the low-temperature box 6 using an aqueous liquid pipe 9 (also called a second liquid pipe 9), and part of it is returned from the water discharge pipe 11 on the way. Although the liquid is discharged outside the fuel cell system, since the ammonia is separated in the high temperature box 7, the liquid discharged from the water discharge pipe 11 does not contain ammonia.

以上説明したように、実施の形態１の燃料電池システムにおいては、水素、窒素の他、アンモニア、水分を含む燃料極の排気を燃料極排気ガス用配管および低温箱で冷却し、水分は液化することにより、また、アンモニアは水に溶解させることにより除去する。これによりガス排出用配管から燃料電池システム系外に排気される排気中のアンモニア濃度を低下させると共に、ガス再供給用配管から燃料極に再供給されるリサイクル排気中の水分を除去し燃料電池の発電効率を高めることができる。
また、低温箱からアンモニア水溶液用配管を経由して液体（アンモニア水溶液）を高温箱に移動し加熱して、アンモニアを水分から分離して燃料極に再供給することにより、アンモニアをリサイクルし、燃料電池システム系外に排出するアンモニアを削減して、燃料電池の発電効率を高めることができる。 As described above, in the fuel cell system of Embodiment 1, the exhaust gas from the fuel electrode containing hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, and moisture is cooled by the fuel electrode exhaust gas pipe and the low temperature chamber, and the moisture is liquefied. Also, ammonia is removed by dissolving in water. As a result, the concentration of ammonia in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas discharge pipe to the outside of the fuel cell system is reduced, and the moisture in the recycled exhaust gas resupplied from the gas resupply pipe to the fuel electrode is removed to improve the fuel cell performance. Power generation efficiency can be increased.
In addition, the liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) is transferred from the low-temperature box to the high-temperature box via the ammonia aqueous solution pipe and heated to separate the ammonia from the moisture and resupply to the fuel electrode, thereby recycling the ammonia and producing a fuel. Ammonia discharged outside the battery system can be reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved.

実施の形態２．
以下、実施の形態２の燃料電池システム１０１を図２に基づいて説明する。図２は、実施の形態２の燃料電池システム１０１を示す模式図である。 Embodiment 2.
A fuel cell system 101 according to Embodiment 2 will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the fuel cell system 101 of Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG.

上記実施の形態１では、排気ガス用配管５は低温箱６の下部液体中に開口し、排気ガス用配管５を通過してきたガスを液体（アンモニア水溶液）と気体（水素、窒素）に分離する場合について述べたが、図２に示すように、排気ガス用配管５ は低温箱６の上部気体中に開口し、排気ガス用配管５を通過してきたガスに液体を散布する液体散布機構１４を低温箱６が備え、液体を散布することによって、ガスを液体（アンモニア水溶液）と気体（水素、窒素）に分離しても良い。 In Embodiment 1, the exhaust gas pipe 5 opens into the lower liquid of the low temperature box 6, and the gas passing through the exhaust gas pipe 5 is separated into liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) and gas (hydrogen, nitrogen). As shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust gas pipe 5 has an opening in the upper gas of the low temperature chamber 6, and the liquid spraying mechanism 14 for spraying the liquid to the gas passing through the exhaust gas pipe 5 is provided. A cryobox 6 is provided and the gas may be separated into a liquid (aqueous ammonia solution) and a gas (hydrogen, nitrogen) by sparging the liquid.

これによって、燃料極１の排気圧を一定に保ち、発電電圧を安定させる効果が期待できる。また、低温箱６を大型化して液体の散布量を増やし、排気ガスと液体の接触領域を増やすことも可能となる。 As a result, the effect of keeping the exhaust pressure of the fuel electrode 1 constant and stabilizing the generated voltage can be expected. It is also possible to enlarge the low-temperature chamber 6 to increase the spray amount of the liquid and increase the contact area between the exhaust gas and the liquid.

本願は、様々な例示的な実施の形態及び実施例が記載されているが、１つ、または複数の実施の形態に記載された様々な特徴、態様、及び機能は特定の実施の形態の適用に限られるのではなく、単独で、または様々な組み合わせで実施の形態に適用可能である。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願明細書に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも１つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも１つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。 While this application describes various exemplary embodiments and examples, various features, aspects, and functions described in one or more embodiments may not apply to particular embodiments. can be applied to the embodiments singly or in various combinations.
Accordingly, numerous variations not illustrated are envisioned within the scope of the technology disclosed herein. For example, modification, addition or omission of at least one component, extraction of at least one component, and combination with components of other embodiments shall be included.

１ 燃料極、２ 空気極、３ 燃料電池、４ 燃料供給用配管、５ 排気ガス用配管（第１のガス用配管）、６ 低温箱（第１の密閉容器）、７ 高温箱（第２の密閉容器）、８ アンモニア水溶液用配管（第１の液体用配管）、９ 水様液用配管（第２の液体用配管）、１０ アンモニア再供給用配管（第３のガス用配管）、１１ 水分排出用配管、１２ ガス排出用配管、１３ ガス再供給用配管（第２のガス用配管）、１４ 液体散布機構、１００、１０１ 燃料電池システム 1 fuel electrode, 2 air electrode, 3 fuel cell, 4 fuel supply pipe, 5 exhaust gas pipe (first gas pipe), 6 low temperature box (first closed container), 7 high temperature box (second Closed container), 8 Aqueous ammonia pipe (first liquid pipe), 9 Aqueous liquid pipe (second liquid pipe), 10 Ammonia resupply pipe (third gas pipe), 11 Moisture Discharge pipe 12 Gas discharge pipe 13 Gas resupply pipe (second gas pipe) 14 Liquid spraying mechanism 100, 101 Fuel cell system

Claims (7)

燃料極と空気極とから構成されるとともに、アンモニア含有ガスが燃料として前記燃料極へ供給される燃料電池と、
気体と液体とを分離して蓄えるとともに分離した気体および液体を外部に排出する第１の密閉容器と、
前記第１の密閉容器よりも高温に内部を温めることが可能で、気体と液体とを分離して蓄えるとともに分離した気体および液体を外部に排出する第２の密閉容器と、
前記燃料極と前記第１の密閉容器とを連結し、前記燃料極からの排気ガスを前記第１の密閉容器に移送する第１のガス用配管と、
前記第１の密閉容器と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、アンモニアを含む水様液を前記第１の密閉容器から前記第２の密閉容器に移送する第１の液体用配管と、
前記第１の密閉容器と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、水様液を前記第２の密閉容器から前記第１の密閉容器へ移送する第２の液体用配管と、
前記燃料極と前記第１の密閉容器とを連結し、前記第１の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に戻す第２のガス用配管と、
前記燃料極と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、前記第２の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に戻す第３のガス用配管と、
を備え、
前記燃料極から排気される排気ガスを前記第１の密閉容器で冷却するとともに、前記第１の密閉容器で分離された液体を前記第２の密閉容器で温めることにより、前記排気ガスの中に含まれるアンモニアと水様液とを分離し、前記第１の密閉容器あるいは前記第２の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に供給する、
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 a fuel cell comprising a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and supplying an ammonia-containing gas as a fuel to the fuel electrode;
a first sealed container that separates and stores gas and liquid and discharges the separated gas and liquid to the outside;
a second closed container capable of heating the inside to a higher temperature than the first closed container, storing gas and liquid separately and discharging the separated gas and liquid to the outside;
a first gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the first sealed container and transfers exhaust gas from the fuel electrode to the first sealed container;
a first liquid pipe that connects the first closed container and the second closed container and transfers an aqueous liquid containing ammonia from the first closed container to the second closed container;
a second liquid pipe that connects the first closed container and the second closed container and transfers an aqueous liquid from the second closed container to the first closed container;
a second gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the first closed container and returns the gas generated in the first closed container to the fuel electrode;
a third gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the second closed container and returns the gas generated in the second closed container to the fuel electrode;
with
By cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel electrode in the first closed container and by warming the liquid separated in the first closed container in the second closed container, separating the contained ammonia and aqueous liquid, and supplying the gas generated in the first closed container or the second closed container to the fuel electrode;
A fuel cell system characterized by: 前記第１のガス用配管は、前記第１の密閉容器の液体部分に開口していることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said first gas pipe opens into a liquid portion of said first sealed container. 前記第１の密閉容器は、ガスに液体を散布する液体散布機構を備え、
前記第１のガス用配管は、前記第１の密閉容器の気体部分に開口していることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 The first closed container includes a liquid spraying mechanism for spraying liquid on the gas,
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said first gas pipe opens to a gas portion of said first sealed container. 前記燃料電池の燃料極からの排気から、前記アンモニアと前記水様液とを分離した残りのガスである水素と窒素の一部を前記燃料電池の燃料極に供給することを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池システム。 2. A portion of hydrogen and nitrogen, which are gases remaining after separation of said ammonia and said aqueous liquid, from the exhaust from said fuel electrode of said fuel cell is supplied to said fuel electrode of said fuel cell. 4. The fuel cell system according to any one of 1 to 3. 前記燃料電池の燃料極からの排気を冷却して得られた前記水様液を前記第２の密閉容器で加熱することによって分離させたアンモニアを、前記燃料電池の燃料極に供給することを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池システム。 Ammonia separated by heating the aqueous liquid obtained by cooling the exhaust from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell in the second sealed container is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 燃料極と空気極とから構成されるとともに、アンモニアを含むアンモニア含有ガスが燃料として前記燃料極へ供給される燃料電池と、
気体と液体とを分離して蓄えるとともに分離した気体および液体を外部に排出する第１の密閉容器と、
前記第１の密閉容器よりも高温に内部を温めることが可能で、気体と液体とを分離して蓄えるとともに分離した気体および液体を外部に排出する第２の密閉容器と、
前記燃料極と前記第１の密閉容器とを連結し、前記燃料極からの排気ガスを前記第１の密閉容器に移送する第１のガス用配管と、
前記第１の密閉容器と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、アンモニアを含む水様液を前記第１の密閉容器から前記第２の密閉容器に移送する第１の液体用配管と、
前記第１の密閉容器と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、水様液を前記第２の密閉容器から前記第１の密閉容器へ移送する第２の液体用配管と、
前記燃料極と前記第１の密閉容器とを連結し、前記第１の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に戻す第２のガス用配管と、
前記燃料極と前記第２の密閉容器とを連結し、前記第２の密閉容器で生成されたガスを前記燃料極に戻す第３のガス用配管と、
を備えた燃料電池システムを用いて、
前記第１の密閉容器に前記燃料電池の燃料極からの排気を通過させ、得られた前記アンモニアを含む水様液を、前記第１の液体用配管を介して前記第２の密閉容器に通過させることにより、前記アンモニアを含む水様液からアンモニアを分離することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化方法。 a fuel cell comprising a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and supplying an ammonia-containing gas containing ammonia as a fuel to the fuel electrode;
a first sealed container that separates and stores gas and liquid and discharges the separated gas and liquid to the outside;
a second closed container capable of heating the inside to a higher temperature than the first closed container, storing gas and liquid separately and discharging the separated gas and liquid to the outside;
a first gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the first sealed container and transfers exhaust gas from the fuel electrode to the first sealed container;
a first liquid pipe that connects the first closed container and the second closed container and transfers an aqueous liquid containing ammonia from the first closed container to the second closed container;
a second liquid pipe that connects the first closed container and the second closed container and transfers an aqueous liquid from the second closed container to the first closed container;
a second gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the first closed container and returns the gas generated in the first closed container to the fuel electrode;
a third gas pipe that connects the fuel electrode and the second closed container and returns the gas generated in the second closed container to the fuel electrode;
using a fuel cell system with
Exhaust gas from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell is passed through the first closed container, and the obtained aqueous liquid containing ammonia is passed through the first closed container through the first liquid pipe. A method for purifying an exhaust gas, characterized in that ammonia is separated from the aqueous liquid containing ammonia by causing the 前記第１の密閉容器は、ガスに液体を散布する液体散布機構を有していることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の排気ガス浄化方法。 7. The exhaust gas purifying method according to claim 6, wherein said first sealed container has a liquid spraying mechanism for spraying liquid on said gas.
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