JP2022144190A - Grinding wheel modifying device and method - Google Patents

Grinding wheel modifying device and method Download PDF

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JP2022144190A
JP2022144190A JP2021045087A JP2021045087A JP2022144190A JP 2022144190 A JP2022144190 A JP 2022144190A JP 2021045087 A JP2021045087 A JP 2021045087A JP 2021045087 A JP2021045087 A JP 2021045087A JP 2022144190 A JP2022144190 A JP 2022144190A
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grinding wheel
correction
tool
rotation frequency
peripheral surface
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明 渡邉
Akira Watanabe
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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Abstract

To provide a grinding wheel modifying device and method capable of suppressing the occurrence of chatter shape on a circumferential face of a grinding wheel.SOLUTION: A grinding wheel modifying device 10 includes a modification tool T which is supported so as to permit rotative driving and is relatively moved in a rotative axis direction of a grinding wheel G which is rotatively driven and, thereby, modifies a circumferential face of the grinding wheel, and a control device CR which controls rotational frequency of the grinding wheel and controls relative movement of the modifying tool and the grinding wheel. The control device relatively moves the modifying tool and the grinding wheel while changing the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel and, thereby, performs rough modification of the circumferential face of the grinding wheel by means of the modifying tool. Further, the control device relatively moves the modifying tool and the grinding wheel while keeping rotative frequency of the grinding wheel constant and, thereby, performs precise modification of the circumferential face of the grinding wheel with the modifying tool.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、砥石車修正装置及び方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a grinding wheel correction apparatus and method.

研削加工装置の砥石車は、砥石車修正装置で修正、すなわちツルーイング及びドレッシングが行われる。砥石車修正装置には、砥石車の砥石軸の回転軸線に対して直交するように配置した回転軸線を有するカップ状の修正工具を備える縦型砥石車修正装置がある。また、砥石車の砥石軸の回転軸線に対して平行となるように配置した回転軸線を有する円盤状の修正工具を備える横型砥石車修正装置がある。修正工具は、周面にダイヤモンドが電着されており、回転する修正工具の周面で回転する砥石車の周面を修正する。 A grinding wheel of a grinding machine is corrected, that is, trued and dressed, in a grinding wheel correcting device. Grinding wheel correction devices include vertical grinding wheel correction devices that include a cup-shaped correction tool having an axis of rotation arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel shaft of the grinding wheel. Further, there is a horizontal grinding wheel correcting device provided with a disk-shaped correcting tool having a rotation axis arranged parallel to the rotation axis of the grinding wheel spindle of the grinding wheel. The correction tool has diamond electrodeposited on its peripheral surface, and corrects the peripheral surface of the rotating grinding wheel on the peripheral surface of the rotating correction tool.

このような砥石車修正装置では、砥石車の修正後に砥石車の周面にビビリ形状が発生することがある。このビビリ形状が発生した砥石車で研削加工を行うと、工作物の真円度や真直度の不良が発生するおそれがある。従来は、修正工具や修正工具軸を交換することで対応しているが、コスト高であった。また、修正条件を変更(切込み量低減や修正回数低減等)することで対応しているが、修正条件を見出すことが困難で手間が掛かっていた。 In such a grinding wheel repairing apparatus, chattering may occur on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel after repairing the grinding wheel. If grinding is performed with a grinding wheel having such a chattering shape, there is a possibility that the roundness or straightness of the workpiece may be defective. In the past, this was handled by exchanging the correction tool and the correction tool shaft, but this was costly. In addition, although correction conditions are changed (reduction of depth of cut, number of corrections, etc.), it is difficult and time-consuming to find correction conditions.

これに対し、特許文献1,2には、修正工具と砥石車の相対回転速度が等速となる回転速度を中心に、相対回転速度を変動させて砥石車の修正を行うことで、砥石車の周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制できる砥石車修正装置が記載されている。この砥石車修正装置によれば、従来のように修正工具や修正工具軸を交換する必要がないので、コストを低減でき、また、修正条件を変更(切込み量低減や修正回数低減等)する必要がないので、修正条件を見出すための手間を省くことができる。 On the other hand, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the grinding wheel is corrected by changing the relative rotation speed around the rotation speed at which the relative rotation speed of the correction tool and the grinding wheel is constant. A grinding wheel correcting device capable of suppressing the occurrence of chattering on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel is described. According to this grinding wheel correction device, there is no need to replace the correction tool or the correction tool shaft as in the past, so the cost can be reduced, and it is necessary to change the correction conditions (reduce the depth of cut, reduce the number of corrections, etc.). Since there is no

特開昭64-64777号公報JP-A-64-64777 特開2008-149440号公報JP 2008-149440 A

しかし、本願発明者が修正工具と砥石車の相対回転速度を変動させて砥石車の修正を行ったところ、依然として砥石車の周面のビビリ形状が発生する場合があった。この要因としては、縦型砥石車修正装置の場合、修正工具の回転軸線方向の固有振動数が砥石車の回転周波数(回転速度)の整数倍になると共振が起こるため、この整数の山が砥石車の周面に発生してビビリ形状となることが判明した。また、横型砥石車の砥石車修正装置の場合、修正工具の回転軸線と直角な方向の固有振動数が砥石車の回転周波数(回転速度)の整数倍になると共振が起こるため、この整数の山が砥石車の周面に発生してビビリ形状となることが判明した。 However, when the inventor of the present application modified the grinding wheel by varying the relative rotational speed of the correction tool and the grinding wheel, there were still cases where chattering occurred on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel. The reason for this is that, in the case of a vertical grinding wheel correction device, resonance occurs when the natural frequency of the correction tool in the rotation axis direction becomes an integral multiple of the rotation frequency (rotational speed) of the grinding wheel. It was found that it occurred on the peripheral surface of the car and became a chattering shape. In addition, in the case of a grinding wheel correction device for a horizontal grinding wheel, resonance occurs when the natural frequency of the correcting tool in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the correction tool becomes an integral multiple of the rotation frequency (rotational speed) of the grinding wheel. was found to occur on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, resulting in a chattering shape.

この砥石車の周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制するには、修正工具の固有振動数が砥石車の回転周波数の整数倍にならないように砥石車の回転周波数を設定すればよい。しかし、修正工具の回転軸は転がり軸受で支持されており、転動体、内輪、外輪等の摩耗や潤滑油の劣化等により修正工具の固有振動数は変化する。この変化が生じると、設定した砥石車の回転周波数では、砥石車の周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制できなくなるおそれがある。 In order to suppress the chattering of the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel should be set so that the natural frequency of the correcting tool does not become an integer multiple of the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel. However, since the rotating shaft of the correction tool is supported by rolling bearings, the natural frequency of the correction tool changes due to wear of the rolling elements, inner and outer rings, deterioration of lubricating oil, and the like. If this change occurs, there is a risk that the set rotational frequency of the grinding wheel will not be able to suppress the occurrence of chattering on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel.

本発明は、砥石車の周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制できる砥石車修正装置及び方法を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a grinding wheel repairing apparatus and method capable of suppressing chattering of the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel.

本発明に係る砥石車修正装置は、回転駆動可能に支持され、回転駆動する砥石車の回転軸線方向に相対移動することで、前記砥石車の周面を修正する修正工具と、前記砥石車の回転周波数を制御するとともに、前記修正工具と前記砥石車の相対移動を制御する制御装置と、を備える砥石車修正装置であって、前記制御装置は、前記砥石車の回転周波数を変動させながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の粗修正を行い、前記砥石車の回転周波数を一定に保持しながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の精修正を行う。 A grinding wheel repairing device according to the present invention comprises a repairing tool that is rotatably supported and relatively moves in the rotational axis direction of the grinding wheel to repair the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel; A grinding wheel correcting apparatus comprising a control device for controlling a rotation frequency and for controlling relative movement of the correction tool and the grinding wheel, wherein the control device controls the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel while varying the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel. By relatively moving the correction tool and the grinding wheel, the correction tool roughly corrects the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, and the correction tool and the grinding wheel are moved relative to each other while the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel is kept constant. By moving the correction tool, the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel is finely corrected.

この砥石車修正装置では、先ず、砥石車の回転周波数を変動させながら粗修正を行うので、ビビリ形状となる山の数が一定に形成されず、山がずれながら形成される。次に、砥石車の回転周波数を一定に保持しながら精修正を行うので、粗修正で残る山をほぼ除去できる。よって、砥石車の周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制できる。 In this grinding wheel correction device, first, coarse correction is performed while varying the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel, so the number of crests that form chattering shapes is not constant, and the crests are formed while shifting. Next, fine correction is performed while the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel is kept constant, so that most of the peaks remaining after rough correction can be removed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of chattering on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel.

本発明に係る砥石車修正方法は、回転駆動する修正工具で回転駆動する砥石車の周面を修正する砥石車修正方法であって、前記砥石車の回転周波数を変動させながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の粗修正を行う粗修正工程と、前記砥石車の回転周波数を一定に保持しながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の精修正を行う精修正工程と、を備える。これにより、砥石車修正装置と同様の効果が得られる。 A grinding wheel repairing method according to the present invention is a grinding wheel repairing method for repairing the circumferential surface of a rotatably driven grinding wheel with a rotatably driven repairing tool, wherein the repairing tool and the grinding wheel are adjusted while varying the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel. a rough correction step of roughly correcting the circumferential surface of the grinding wheel with the correction tool by moving the grinding wheel relative to each other; and a fine correction step of finely correcting the circumferential surface of the grinding wheel with the correction tool by moving the correction tool. This provides an effect similar to that of a grinding wheel correction device.

砥石車修正装置が適用される研削加工装置を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the grinding-processing apparatus with which a grinding wheel correction apparatus is applied. 砥石車修正装置、砥石台及び制御装置を示す一部断面図である。It is a partial cross-sectional view showing a grinding wheel correction device, a grinding wheel head, and a control device. 砥石車修正動作時の砥石車回転周波数と経過時間の関係を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the grinding wheel rotation frequency and the elapsed time during the grinding wheel correcting operation; 砥石車修正動作の1パスにおける修正工具及び砥石車を修正開始位置に位置決めした状態を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the correction tool and the grinding wheel are positioned at the correction start position in one pass of the grinding wheel correction operation; 砥石車修正動作の1パスにおける修正工具で砥石車を修正完了した状態を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the grinding wheel has been completely repaired with a repair tool in one pass of the grinding wheel repair operation. 砥石車修正動作の1パスにおける砥石車を修正工具に対しX軸線方向に移動させた状態を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the grinding wheel is moved in the X-axis direction with respect to the correction tool in one pass of the grinding wheel correction operation; 砥石車修正動作の1パスにおける修正工具を砥石車に対しZ軸線方向に移動させた状態を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the correction tool is moved in the Z-axis direction with respect to the grinding wheel in one pass of the grinding wheel correction operation; 研削加工装置における砥石車修正装置の前半の制御処理を示すフローチャートである。4 is a flow chart showing the first half of control processing of the grinding wheel correction device in the grinding apparatus. 研削加工装置における砥石車修正装置の後半の制御処理を示すフローチャートである。4 is a flow chart showing the latter half of the control process of the grinding wheel correction device in the grinding apparatus.

(1.研削加工装置1の構成)
本実施形態の砥石車修正装置は、例えば円筒研削行う研削加工装置に備えられる。図1に示すように、研削加工装置1は、基台部分を構成するベッド2と、ベッド2上に載置され砥石車Gを回転駆動可能に支持する砥石台3と、砥石台3をX軸方向に移動させるX軸駆動装置4と、ベッド2上の砥石台3とは異なる位置に載置されるワークテーブル5を備える。
(1. Configuration of Grinding Device 1)
The grinding wheel correcting device of this embodiment is provided in, for example, a grinding device for cylindrical grinding. As shown in FIG. 1, the grinding apparatus 1 includes a bed 2 constituting a base portion, a wheel table 3 placed on the bed 2 and supporting a grinding wheel G so as to be rotatable, and the wheel table 3 arranged in an X direction. An X-axis driving device 4 for moving in the axial direction and a work table 5 placed on the bed 2 at a position different from the wheel head 3 are provided.

さらに、ワークテーブル5上に載置されワークWを支持すると共にワークWを回転駆動する主軸6を有する主軸台7及び心押台8と、ワークテーブル5をZ軸方向に移動させるZ軸駆動装置9と、主軸台7に備えられ砥石車Gを修正する修正工具Tを回転駆動可能に支持する砥石車修正装置10と、制御装置CRを備える。なお、X軸駆動装置4及びZ軸駆動装置9は、夫々サーボモータや送りネジ等を用いて構成される公知の駆動装置である。 Further, a headstock 7 and a tailstock 8 which are mounted on a work table 5 to support the work W and have a main shaft 6 for rotating the work W, and a Z-axis driving device for moving the work table 5 in the Z-axis direction. 9, a grinding wheel correction device 10 which is provided on the headstock 7 and rotatably supports a correction tool T for correcting the grinding wheel G, and a control device CR. The X-axis driving device 4 and the Z-axis driving device 9 are known driving devices each using a servomotor, a feed screw, and the like.

砥石台3は、砥石車Gが装着される砥石軸GAと、砥石軸GAを回転駆動させるためのモータ等からなる砥石軸駆動装置GMとを備える。砥石車Gは、CBN砥石等の適宜の砥石材料を用いて、外周面及び外周面近傍の端面が研削面となるように円盤形状に形成され、砥石軸GAと共に砥石軸駆動装置GMにより回転駆動される。主軸台7は、主軸6を回転駆動させるためのモータ等からなる主軸駆動装置16を備える。 The grinding wheel head 3 includes a grinding wheel shaft GA on which a grinding wheel G is mounted, and a grinding wheel shaft driving device GM including a motor or the like for rotating the grinding wheel shaft GA. Grinding wheel G is formed in a disc shape using an appropriate grinding wheel material such as a CBN grinding wheel so that the outer peripheral surface and the end surface in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface serve as grinding surfaces. be done. The headstock 7 includes a spindle drive device 16 including a motor or the like for rotating the spindle 6 .

砥石車修正装置10は、詳細は後述するが、修正工具Tが装着される修正工具軸TAと、修正工具軸TAを回転駆動させるためのビルトインモータ等からなる修正工具軸駆動装置TMとを備える。修正工具Tは、外周面にダイヤモンドが電着されたカップ状に形成され、修正工具軸TAと共に修正工具軸駆動装置TMにより回転駆動される。 The grinding wheel correcting device 10, which will be described later in detail, comprises a correcting tool shaft TA on which a correcting tool T is mounted, and a correcting tool shaft drive device TM comprising a built-in motor or the like for rotating the correcting tool shaft TA. . The correction tool T is formed in a cup shape with a diamond electrodeposited on its outer peripheral surface, and is rotationally driven together with a correction tool shaft TA by a correction tool shaft driving device TM.

制御装置CRは、X軸駆動装置4を駆動制御して砥石台3をX軸方向に移動させ、Z軸駆動装置9を駆動制御してワークテーブル5をZ軸方向に移動させる。また、主軸駆動装置16を駆動制御してワークWを回転させ、砥石軸駆動装置GMを駆動制御して砥石車Gを回転させ、修正工具軸駆動装置TMを駆動制御して修正工具Tを回転させる。 The control device CR drives and controls the X-axis driving device 4 to move the wheelhead 3 in the X-axis direction, and drives and controls the Z-axis driving device 9 to move the work table 5 in the Z-axis direction. In addition, the main shaft driving device 16 is driven and controlled to rotate the workpiece W, the grinding wheel shaft driving device GM is driven and controlled to rotate the grinding wheel G, and the correction tool shaft driving device TM is driven and controlled to rotate the correcting tool T. Let

(2.砥石車修正装置10の詳細構成)
図2に示すように、砥石車修正装置10は、修正工具T、修正工具軸TA、修正工具軸駆動装置TM、ハウジングTH、軸受TB1,TB2等を備える。この砥石車修正装置10は、砥石車Gの砥石軸GAの回転軸線GLに対して直交するように配置した回転軸線TLを有するカップ状の修正工具Tを備える縦型砥石車修正装置である。修正工具Tは、外周面にダイヤモンドDが電着されており、一端面側には同軸で略円筒状の修正工具軸TAが取り付けられる。修正工具軸駆動装置TMは、修正工具軸TAと共に修正工具Tを回転させ、修正工具Tの外周面で砥石車Gの外周面の表面状態を修正、すなわちツルーイングとドレッシングの少なくとも一方を行う。
(2. Detailed Configuration of Grinding Wheel Correcting Device 10)
As shown in FIG. 2, the grinding wheel correcting device 10 includes a correcting tool T, a correcting tool shaft TA, a correcting tool shaft drive device TM, a housing TH, bearings TB1 and TB2, and the like. This grinding wheel correction device 10 is a vertical grinding wheel correction device provided with a cup-shaped correction tool T having a rotation axis TL arranged perpendicular to the rotation axis GL of the grinding wheel shaft GA of the grinding wheel G. A diamond D is electrodeposited on the outer peripheral surface of the correction tool T, and a coaxial and substantially cylindrical correction tool shaft TA is attached to one end surface side. The correcting tool shaft driving device TM rotates the correcting tool T together with the correcting tool shaft TA, and corrects the surface condition of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G with the outer peripheral surface of the correcting tool T, that is, performs at least one of truing and dressing.

ここで、ツルーイングは、形直し作業であり、研削によって砥石車Gが摩耗した場合に工作物Wの形状に合わせて砥石車Gを成形する作業や、偏摩耗によって砥石車Gの振れを取り除く作業等である。ドレッシングは、目直し(目立て)作業であり、砥粒の突き出し量を調整したり、砥粒の切れ刃を創成したりする作業である。ドレッシングは、目つぶれ、目詰まり、目こぼれ等を修正する作業であって、通常ツルーイング後に行われる。また、ツルーイングとドレッシングは、特段区別することなく実施される場合もある。 Here, truing is a work of reshaping, and when the grinding wheel G is worn by grinding, it is a work of shaping the grinding wheel G according to the shape of the workpiece W, and a work of removing the runout of the grinding wheel G due to uneven wear. etc. Dressing is a dressing (sharpening) work, and is a work of adjusting the protrusion amount of abrasive grains and creating a cutting edge of abrasive grains. Dressing is an operation for correcting blindness, clogging, spillage, etc., and is usually performed after truing. Also, truing and dressing may be performed without any particular distinction.

ハウジングTHは、円盤状のハウジングキャップ11、円筒状の第1ハウジング12及び円筒状の第2ハウジング13を備える。ハウジングキャップ11は、第1ハウジング12の前側端に取り付けられる。第2ハウジング13は、第1ハウジング12の後側端に取り付けられる。そして、ハウジングキャップ11及び各ハウジング12,13は、例えばボルト等によって一体に連結固定される。 The housing TH includes a disk-shaped housing cap 11 , a cylindrical first housing 12 and a cylindrical second housing 13 . A housing cap 11 is attached to the front end of the first housing 12 . The second housing 13 is attached to the rear end of the first housing 12 . The housing cap 11 and the housings 12 and 13 are integrally connected and fixed by bolts or the like.

修正工具軸TAは、ハウジングTH内においてハウジングTHに対して回転軸線TL周りに回転可能となるよう配置される。修正工具軸TAにおけるハウジングキャップ11側には、軸受TB1が配置される。軸受TB1の内輪の内周面は、修正工具軸TAの外周面に支持され、軸受TB1の外輪の外周面は、第1ハウジング12の内周面に支持される。これにより、修正工具軸TAにおけるハウジングキャップ11側は、軸受TB1を介してハウジングTHに回転自在に支持される。軸受TB1は、転がり軸受であり、公知の並列組合わせ型のアンギュラ玉軸受である。軸受TB1には、ハウジングTHに設けられる図略の油路を通して潤滑油が供給される。ただし、軸受TB1は、使用条件に応じて、他の形式の軸受としてもよい。 The correction tool axis TA is arranged within the housing TH so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis TL with respect to the housing TH. A bearing TB1 is arranged on the housing cap 11 side of the correction tool axis TA. The inner peripheral surface of the inner ring of the bearing TB1 is supported by the outer peripheral surface of the correction tool shaft TA, and the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring of the bearing TB1 is supported by the inner peripheral surface of the first housing 12 . Thereby, the housing cap 11 side of the correction tool shaft TA is rotatably supported by the housing TH via the bearing TB1. The bearing TB1 is a rolling bearing, and is a known parallel combination type angular contact ball bearing. Lubricating oil is supplied to the bearing TB1 through an oil passage (not shown) provided in the housing TH. However, the bearing TB1 may be another type of bearing depending on the conditions of use.

修正工具軸TAにおける第2ハウジング13側には、軸受TB2が配置される。軸受TB2の内輪の内周面は、修正工具軸TAの外周面に支持され、軸受TB2の外輪の外周面は、第2ハウジング13の内周面に支持される。これにより、修正工具軸TAにおける第2ハウジング13側は、軸受TB2を介してハウジングTHに回転自在に支持される。軸受TB2は、転がり軸受であり、一個の公知の円筒ころ軸受である。軸受TB2には、ハウジングTHに設けられる図略の油路を通して潤滑油が供給される。ただし、軸受TB2は、使用条件に応じて、他の形式の軸受としてもよい。 A bearing TB2 is arranged on the second housing 13 side of the correction tool axis TA. The inner peripheral surface of the inner ring of the bearing TB2 is supported by the outer peripheral surface of the correction tool shaft TA, and the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring of the bearing TB2 is supported by the inner peripheral surface of the second housing 13 . As a result, the second housing 13 side of the correction tool axis TA is rotatably supported by the housing TH via the bearing TB2. Bearing TB2 is a rolling bearing and is a known cylindrical roller bearing. Lubricating oil is supplied to the bearing TB2 through an oil passage (not shown) provided in the housing TH. However, the bearing TB2 may be another type of bearing depending on the conditions of use.

修正工具軸TAにおける軸受TB1と軸受TB2の間には、修正工具軸駆動装置TMを構成するロータ14の内周面が固定される。修正工具軸駆動装置TMを構成するステータ15は、ロータ14の外周面側に配置される。詳細には、ステータ15の内周面がロータ14の外周面と所定の隙間を有するよう、ステータ15の外周面が第2ハウジング13の内周面に固定される。これにより、修正工具軸TAは、制御装置CRで制御される修正工具軸駆動装置TMの駆動により修正工具Tと共に回転駆動される。 Between the bearing TB1 and the bearing TB2 on the correcting tool shaft TA, the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 14 constituting the correcting tool shaft driving device TM is fixed. A stator 15 that constitutes the correction tool shaft drive device TM is arranged on the outer peripheral surface side of the rotor 14 . Specifically, the outer peripheral surface of the stator 15 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the second housing 13 so that the inner peripheral surface of the stator 15 has a predetermined gap from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 14 . As a result, the correcting tool shaft TA is rotationally driven together with the correcting tool T by driving the correcting tool shaft driving device TM controlled by the control device CR.

(3.砥石修正動作)
次に、砥石修正動作について説明する。発明の解決課題でも述べたように、本願発明者が修正工具Tと砥石車Gの相対回転速度を変動させて砥石車Gの修正を行ったところ、依然として砥石車Gの外周面のビビリ形状が発生する場合があった。この要因としては、修正工具Tの回転軸線TL方向の固有振動数が砥石車Gの回転周波数(回転速度)の整数倍になると共振が起こるため、この整数の山が砥石車Gの外周面に発生してビビリ形状となることが判明した。
(3. Whetstone correction operation)
Next, the whetstone correcting operation will be described. As described in the problem to be solved by the invention, when the inventor of the present application modified the grinding wheel G by varying the relative rotational speed between the repair tool T and the grinding wheel G, the chattering shape of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G still occurred. could have occurred. The reason for this is that when the natural frequency of the correction tool T in the direction of the rotation axis TL becomes an integer multiple of the rotation frequency (rotational speed) of the grinding wheel G, resonance occurs. It was found that it occurred and became a chattering shape.

この砥石車Gの外周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制するには、修正工具Tの固有振動数が砥石車Gの回転周波数の整数倍にならないように砥石車Gの回転周波数を設定すればよい。しかし、修正工具Tの修正工具軸TAは軸受TB1で支持されており、転動体、内輪、外輪等の摩耗や潤滑油の劣化等により修正工具Tの固有振動数は変化する。この変化が生じると、設定した砥石車Gの回転周波数では、砥石車Gの外周面のビビリ形状の発生を抑制できなくなるおそれがある。 In order to suppress the occurrence of chattering on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G, the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G should be set so that the natural frequency of the correction tool T does not become an integral multiple of the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G. . However, since the correcting tool shaft TA of the correcting tool T is supported by the bearing TB1, the natural frequency of the correcting tool T changes due to wear of the rolling elements, inner ring, outer ring, etc., deterioration of lubricating oil, and the like. If this change occurs, there is a risk that the set rotational frequency of the grinding wheel G will not be able to suppress the occurrence of chattering on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G.

そこで、先ず、砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させながら修正工具Tを砥石車Gの回転軸線方向に移動させることにより、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの外周面の粗修正を行う。このときの砥石車Gの回転周波数は、ビビリ形状となる山の数が一定にはならず、例えば1山分ずれるように変動させる。そして、砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させるときの1周期が、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの外周面に対し行う粗修正の1周期と異なるようにする。 Therefore, first, by moving the correction tool T in the direction of the rotation axis of the grinding wheel G while varying the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G, the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G is roughly corrected by the correction tool T. At this time, the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is varied so that the number of crests forming a chattering shape is not constant, for example, by one crest. Then, one cycle when the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is varied is set to be different from one cycle of rough correction performed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G by the correction tool T.

具体的には、砥石車Gの回転周波数Vは、修正工具Tの固有振動数をビビリ形状となる山の数で除算した商で表される。そこで、図3に示すように、山の数がn(整数)となる砥石車Gの回転周波数(第一砥石車回転周波数)V1(本例では砥石車GでワークWを研削加工するときの回転周波数である)と、山の数がn(整数)-1となる砥石車Gの回転周波数(第二砥石車回転周波数)V2とをそれぞれ求める。 Specifically, the rotation frequency V of the grinding wheel G is represented by the quotient obtained by dividing the natural frequency of the correction tool T by the number of ridges forming the chattering shape. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotation frequency (first grinding wheel rotation frequency) V1 of the grinding wheel G at which the number of ridges is n (integer) (in this example, when the workpiece W is ground by the grinding wheel G ) and the rotation frequency (second grinding wheel rotation frequency) V2 of the grinding wheel G at which the number of peaks is n (integer)-1.

そして、砥石車Gの第一砥石車回転周波数V1と第二砥石車回転周波数V2の間で砥石車Gの回転周波数Vを変動させる。図3では、第一砥石車回転周波数V1から第二砥石車回転周波数V2まで直線状に変動させ、第二砥石車回転周波数V2から第一砥石車回転周波数V1まで直線状に変動させている。これにより、ビビリ形状となる山の数が一定に形成されず、山がずれながら形成される。特に、変動回数多いほど効果的である。 Then, the rotation frequency V of the grinding wheel G is varied between the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 and the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 of the grinding wheel G. In FIG. 3, the frequency is linearly varied from the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 to the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2, and linearly varied from the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 to the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1. As a result, the number of ridges forming a chattering shape is not formed uniformly, and the ridges are formed while shifting. In particular, the greater the number of fluctuations, the more effective.

また、図4A-図4Dに示すように、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの周面に対し行う粗修正の1周期(1パス)とは、砥石車G及び修正工具Tが修正開始位置に位置決めされてから(図4Aの状態)、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの外周面を修正し(図4Bの状態)、その後に再び砥石車G及び修正工具Tが修正開始位置に位置決めされる(図4C,図4Dの状態)までの時間(図3のtp)をいう。また、砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させるときの1周期とは、砥石車Gが第一砥石車回転周波数V1から第二砥石車回転周波数V2に達し、第二砥石車回転周波数V2から第一砥石車回転周波数V1に戻るまでの時間(図3のtv)をいう。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D, one cycle (one pass) of rough correction performed on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G by the correction tool T means that the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T are positioned at the correction start position. (state of FIG. 4A), the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G is corrected by the correction tool T (state of FIG. 4B), and then the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T are again positioned at the correction start position (FIG. 4B). 4C, the state of FIG. 4D) (tp in FIG. 3). Further, one period when the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is changed means that the grinding wheel G reaches the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 from the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1, and the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 reaches the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V2. It means the time (tv in FIG. 3) until the grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 is reached.

砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させるときの1周期(tv)が、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの周面に対し行う粗修正の1周期(1パスtp)と同期した場合、ビビリ形状が発生し易くなるが、上記1周期(tv,tp)を異なるようにした場合、ビビリ形状の発生をさらに抑制できる。なお、粗修正の繰り返し周期は、本例では14パスである。 When one cycle (tv) when changing the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is synchronized with one cycle (one pass tp) of rough correction performed on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G by the correction tool T, chattering occurs. However, if the one period (tv, tp) is made different, the occurrence of chattering can be further suppressed. Note that the repetition cycle of rough correction is 14 passes in this example.

次に、砥石車Gの回転周波数を一定に保持しながら修正工具Tを砥石車Gの回転軸線方向に移動させることにより、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの周面の精修正を行う。この精修正を行う理由は以下の通りである。粗修正において砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させているが、このとき砥石車Gのアンバランスにより砥石車Gの回転中心が変化して砥石車Gの外周面にビビリ形状が発生する場合がある。そこで、砥石車GでワークWを実際に研削加工するときの回転周波数で精修正を行って上記ビビリ形状を取り除く。 Next, by moving the correction tool T in the direction of the rotation axis of the grinding wheel G while keeping the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G constant, the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G is finely corrected by the correction tool T. The reason for this fine correction is as follows. The rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is varied in the rough correction, but at this time, the rotation center of the grinding wheel G changes due to the unbalance of the grinding wheel G, and chattering may occur on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G. . Therefore, precise correction is performed at the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G when the work W is actually ground to remove the chattering shape.

具体的には、図3に示すように、精修正における砥石車Gの回転周波数Vは、砥石車GでワークWを研削加工するときの回転周波数、本例では第一砥石車回転周波数V1の一定速度に保持する。これにより、粗修正で残る山をほぼ除去できるので、ビビリ形状の発生を抑制できる。ただし、第一砥石車回転周波数V1ではビビリ形状となる山の数がn(整数)となるため、精修正を長時間行うと砥石車Gの周面にビビリ形状が発生する。そこで、精修正の繰り返し周期(本例では2パス)は、予め求めた砥石車GでワークWを研削加工するときに必要な砥石車Gの外周面の状態となるまで行う。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotation frequency V of the grinding wheel G in fine correction is the rotation frequency when the workpiece W is ground by the grinding wheel G, which is the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 in this example. Maintain constant speed. As a result, most of the peaks remaining after the rough correction can be removed, thereby suppressing the occurrence of chattering. However, at the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1, the number of crests that form a chattering shape is n (integer), so if fine correction is performed for a long time, the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G will have a chattering shape. Therefore, the repetition cycle of fine correction (two passes in this example) is performed until the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G attains the state required when grinding the workpiece W with the grinding wheel G determined in advance.

(4.研削加工装置1における砥石車修正装置10の制御処理)
次に、研削加工装置1における砥石車修正装置10の制御処理(砥石車修正方法)について図5A,5Bのフローチャートを参照して説明する。砥石車修正装置10の制御装置CRは、砥石車Gの第一砥石車回転周波数V1及び第二砥石車回転周波数V2を設定する(図5AのステップS1)。
(4. Control processing of the grinding wheel correction device 10 in the grinding device 1)
Next, control processing (grinding wheel correction method) of the grinding wheel correction device 10 in the grinding apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 5A and 5B. The control device CR of the grinding wheel correction device 10 sets the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 and the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 of the grinding wheel G (step S1 in FIG. 5A).

具体的には、制御装置CRは、修正工具Tの修正工具軸TAの固有振動数を、砥石車GでワークWを研削加工するときの回転周波数で除算したときの商が整数のとき、当該砥石車GでワークWを研削加工するときの回転周波数を第一砥石車回転周波数V1として設定する。そして、修正工具Tの修正工具軸TAの固有振動数を、上記商より小さい整数で除算してたときの砥石車Gの回転周波数を求め、求めた砥石車Gの回転周波数を第二砥石車回転周波数V2として設定する。 Specifically, when the quotient obtained by dividing the natural frequency of the correcting tool axis TA of the correcting tool T by the rotation frequency when the work W is ground by the grinding wheel G is an integer, the control device CR The rotation frequency when grinding the workpiece W with the grinding wheel G is set as the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1. Then, the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel G is obtained by dividing the natural frequency of the correction tool shaft TA of the correction tool T by an integer smaller than the quotient, and the obtained rotational frequency of the grinding wheel G is calculated as the second grinding wheel. It is set as the rotation frequency V2.

制御装置CRは、砥石軸駆動装置GM及び修正工具軸駆動装置TMを駆動して砥石車G及び修正工具Tを回転開始する(図5AのステップS2)。そして、砥石車Gを第一砥石車回転周波数V1と第二砥石車回転周波数V2の間で周期変動させる(図5AのステップS3)。 The control device CR drives the grinding wheel shaft driving device GM and the correction tool shaft driving device TM to start rotating the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T (step S2 in FIG. 5A). Then, the grinding wheel G is cyclically varied between the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 and the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 (step S3 in FIG. 5A).

具体的には、制御装置CRは、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの外周面に対し行う粗修正の1周期と同期しないように、砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させるときの1周期を時定数で設定する。つまり、粗修正の1パスの時間が、第一砥石車回転周波数V1から第二砥石車回転周波数V2に直線状に至り、第二砥石車回転周波数V2から第一砥石車回転周波数V1に直線状に戻るまでの時間と異なるように設定する。そして、設定した時定数で砥石車Gの回転周波数を周期変動させる。 Specifically, the control device CR controls one cycle of changing the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G so as not to synchronize with one cycle of rough correction performed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G by the correction tool T as a time constant. to set. That is, the time for one pass of rough correction linearly extends from the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 to the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2, and linearly from the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 to the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1. Set it to be different from the time to return to. Then, the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is periodically varied with the set time constant.

制御装置CRは、X軸駆動装置4を駆動して砥石台3をX軸方向に移動させ、Z軸駆動装置9を駆動してワークテーブル5と共に砥石車修正装置10をZ軸方向に移動させ、砥石車G及び修正工具Tを修正開始位置に位置決めする(図5AのステップS4、粗修正工程)。そして、例えば砥石車Gの回転周波数が第一砥石車回転周波数V1になったと同時に粗修正を開始する(図5AのステップS5、粗修正工程)。そして、粗修正が予め設定された所定パス数完了するまで粗修正を繰り返し(図5AのステップS6、粗修正工程)、粗修正が所定パス数完了したら、砥石車Gの回転周波数を第一砥石車回転周波数V1に戻すとともに、砥石車G及び修正工具Tを修正開始位置へ移動する(図5AのステップS7、精修正工程)。 The control device CR drives the X-axis driving device 4 to move the grinding wheel head 3 in the X-axis direction, and drives the Z-axis driving device 9 to move the grinding wheel correction device 10 together with the work table 5 in the Z-axis direction. , the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T are positioned at the correction start position (step S4 in FIG. 5A, rough correction step). Then, for example, when the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel G reaches the first grinding wheel rotational frequency V1, rough correction is started (step S5 in FIG. 5A, rough correction step). Then, the rough correction is repeated until the predetermined number of rough correction passes is completed (step S6 in FIG. 5A, rough correction step). While returning to the wheel rotation frequency V1, the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T are moved to the correction start position (step S7 in FIG. 5A, fine correction step).

制御装置CRは、砥石車Gの回転周波数を第一砥石車回転周波数V1に保持するように設定する(図5BのステップS8、精修正工程)。そして、砥石車G及び修正工具Tを修正開始位置に位置決めしたと同時に精修正を開始し(図5BのステップS9、精修正工程)、精修正が予め設定された所定パス数完了するまで精修正を繰り返す(図5BのステップS10、精修正工程)。そして、精修正が所定パス数完了したら砥石車Gを退避位置に移動し(図5BのステップS11)、砥石車G及び修正工具Tを回転停止し(図5BのステップS12)、全ての処理を終了する。 The control device CR sets the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G so as to maintain it at the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 (step S8 in FIG. 5B, precision correction step). Then, at the same time when the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T are positioned at the correction start position, the fine correction is started (step S9 in FIG. 5B, fine correction step), and the fine correction is completed until the fine correction is completed for the predetermined number of passes set in advance. is repeated (step S10 in FIG. 5B, precise correction step). When the fine correction is completed for a predetermined number of passes, the grinding wheel G is moved to the retracted position (step S11 in FIG. 5B), the rotation of the grinding wheel G and the correction tool T is stopped (step S12 in FIG. 5B), and all processing is completed. finish.

(5.その他)
上述の実施形態では、粗修正において砥石車Gの回転周波数は、ビビリ形状の山の数を1山分ずれるように変動させる場合を説明した。しかし、これに限定されるものではなく、任意の数の山分ずれるように変動させてもよい。また、粗修正の1パスは、第一砥石車回転周波数V1から第二砥石車回転周波数V2に直線状変動し、第二砥石車回転周波数V2から第一砥石車回転周波数V1に直線状に変動する場合を説明した。しかし、これに限定されるものではなく、例えばジグザグに変動させ、もしくは曲線状に変動させるようにしてもよい。
(5. Others)
In the above-described embodiment, the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is changed so as to shift the number of crests of the chatter shape by one crest during rough correction. However, it is not limited to this, and may be shifted by an arbitrary number of mountains. One pass of rough correction linearly varies from the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1 to the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2, and linearly varies from the second grinding wheel rotation frequency V2 to the first grinding wheel rotation frequency V1. explained when to do so. However, it is not limited to this, and for example, it may be changed in a zigzag manner or in a curved line.

また、粗修正において複数回のパスを行う場合を説明したが、1回のパスで粗修正を完了するようにしてもよい。また、砥石車Gの回転周波数を変動させるときの1周期が、修正工具Tで砥石車Gの周面に対し行う粗修正の1周期と同期しない場合を説明したが、精修正においてビビリ形状の除去が可能であれば同期させるようにしてもよい。 Moreover, although the case where multiple passes are performed in the rough correction has been described, the rough correction may be completed in one pass. Also, the description has been given of the case where one cycle of varying the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel G is not synchronized with one cycle of the rough correction performed on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel G by the correction tool T. If removal is possible, it may be synchronized.

また、砥石車修正装置10として縦型砥石車修正装置を例に説明したが、横型砥石車修正装置も同様に適用できる。また、砥石車修正装置10を適用する研削加工装置1として円筒研削加工装置を例に説明したが、内面研削加工装置、センターレス研削加工装置、平面研削加工装置も同様に適用できる。 Further, although the vertical grinding wheel repairing device has been described as an example of the grinding wheel repairing device 10, a horizontal grinding wheel repairing device can also be applied in the same manner. In addition, although the cylindrical grinding device was described as an example of the grinding device 1 to which the grinding wheel correcting device 10 is applied, an internal grinding device, a centerless grinding device, and a surface grinding device can be similarly applied.

1;研削加工装置、 3;砥石台、 10;砥石車修正装置、 G;砥石車、 GA;砥石軸、 GM;砥石軸駆動装置、 T;修正工具、 TA;修正工具軸、 TM;修正工具軸駆動装置、 CR;制御装置、 TB1,TB2;軸受 1; Grinding device, 3; Grinding wheel head, 10; Grinding wheel correcting device, G; Grinding wheel, GA; Grinding wheel shaft, GM; Shaft drive device, CR; control device, TB1, TB2; bearing

Claims (6)

回転駆動可能に支持され、回転駆動する砥石車の回転軸線方向に相対移動することで、前記砥石車の周面を修正する修正工具と、
前記砥石車の回転周波数を制御するとともに、前記修正工具と前記砥石車の相対移動を制御する制御装置と、
を備える砥石車修正装置であって、
前記制御装置は、前記砥石車の回転周波数を変動させながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の粗修正を行い、前記砥石車の回転周波数を一定に保持しながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の精修正を行う、砥石車修正装置。
a correction tool that is rotatably supported and relatively moves in the rotational axis direction of the rotatably driven grinding wheel to correct the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel;
a control device that controls the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel and controls the relative movement of the correction tool and the grinding wheel;
A grinding wheel correction device comprising:
The control device relatively moves the correction tool and the grinding wheel while varying the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel, thereby performing rough correction of the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel with the correction tool, and rotating the grinding wheel. A grinding wheel correcting device for performing precise correction of the circumferential surface of the grinding wheel with the correcting tool by relatively moving the correcting tool and the grinding wheel while maintaining a constant frequency.
前記制御装置は、前記修正工具の修正工具軸の固有振動数を、前記砥石車でワークを研削加工するときの回転周波数(第一砥石車回転周波数という)で除算したときの商が整数のとき、前記固有振動数を前記商より小さい整数で除算して前記砥石車の回転周波数(第二砥石車回転周波数という)を求め、前記砥石車の回転周波数を前記第一砥石車回転周波数と前記第二砥石車回転周波数との間で変動させながら前記粗修正を行う、請求項1に記載の砥石車修正装置。 When the quotient obtained by dividing the natural frequency of the correction tool shaft of the correction tool by the rotation frequency (referred to as the first grinding wheel rotation frequency) when grinding the workpiece with the grinding wheel is an integer, the control device , the natural frequency is divided by an integer smaller than the quotient to obtain the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel (referred to as the second grinding wheel rotation frequency), and the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel is divided between the first grinding wheel rotation frequency and the second grinding wheel rotation frequency. 2. The grinding wheel correction device according to claim 1, wherein said rough correction is performed while varying between two grinding wheel rotation frequencies. 前記制御装置は、前記第一砥石車回転周波数を保持しながら前記精修正を行う、請求項2に記載の砥石車修正装置。 3. The grinding wheel correction device according to claim 2, wherein said control device performs said fine correction while maintaining said first grinding wheel rotation frequency. 前記制御装置は、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面に対し行う前記粗修正の1周期と、前記砥石車の回転周波数を変動させるときの1周期が異なるように制御して前記粗修正を行う、請求項1-3の何れか一項に記載の砥石車修正装置。 The control device performs the rough correction by controlling one period of the rough correction performed on the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel by the correction tool and one period when the rotational frequency of the grinding wheel is varied to be different. A grinding wheel correction device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein 前記修正工具の修正工具軸は、転がり軸受で回転可能に支持される、請求項1-4の何れか一項に記載の砥石車修正装置。 A grinding wheel correction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a correction tool shaft of said correction tool is rotatably supported by a rolling bearing. 回転駆動する修正工具で回転駆動する砥石車の周面を修正する砥石車修正方法であって、
前記砥石車の回転周波数を変動させながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の粗修正を行う粗修正工程と、
前記砥石車の回転周波数を一定に保持しながら前記修正工具と前記砥石車を相対移動させることにより、前記修正工具で前記砥石車の周面の精修正を行う精修正工程と、
を備える、砥石車修正方法。
A grinding wheel correction method for correcting the peripheral surface of a rotary-driven grinding wheel with a rotary-driven correction tool, comprising:
a rough correction step of performing rough correction of the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel with the correction tool by relatively moving the correction tool and the grinding wheel while varying the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel;
a fine correction step of performing fine correction of the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel with the correction tool by relatively moving the correction tool and the grinding wheel while maintaining the rotation frequency of the grinding wheel constant;
A grinding wheel correction method comprising:
JP2021045087A 2021-03-18 2021-03-18 Grinding wheel modifying device and method Pending JP2022144190A (en)

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