JP2022135578A - Construction method for facing material - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a construction method for a facing material capable of adhering the facing material with excellent workability using an additive manufacturing device.SOLUTION: A construction method for a facing material comprises a substrate construction process of discharging a hydraulic mixture 21 from an additive manufacturing device and constructing a substrate 2 and a facing material installation process of installing the facing material 3 on a face 2f of the substrate 2 before the hydraulic mixture 21 is set. In the facing material installation process, the facing material 3 is compressed onto the face 2f of the substrate 2 to install the facing material 3, and irregularities are formed on an installation face 3b installed on the face 2f of the substrate 2 at the facing material 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a method of applying surface materials.

Conventionally, surface materials such as tiles that are attached to the outer walls and column members of buildings are applied to the concrete members using materials such as adhesives and mortar after the concrete members have been constructed and the concrete members have set. There are many.

On the other hand, in recent years, a method of constructing a structure by extruding a cement-based material to a predetermined location using an additive manufacturing device or the like has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 6058685

The conventional surface material construction method has the problem that it takes time to attach the surface material to the concrete member after the concrete member has set. In addition, if the structure is used for a long period of time, the tiles may be lifted or peeled off, and maintenance such as repair work is required, resulting in a problem of maintenance and management costs.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method of applying a surface material that allows the surface material to be adhered with good workability using an additional manufacturing apparatus.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following means.
That is, the method of applying a surface material according to the present invention includes a base material construction step of discharging a hydraulic mixture from an additive manufacturing apparatus to construct a base material, and a surface of the base material before the hydraulic mixture is solidified. and a surface material installation step of installing the surface material in.

In the surface material application method configured as described above, the surface material can be placed on the surface of the base material composed of the hydraulic mixture discharged from the additional manufacturing device before the hydraulic mixture solidifies. Therefore, a material such as an adhesive for adhering the surface material is not required, and since the surface material is installed on the base material before the hydraulic mixture congeals, the workability is good because the surface material is quickly finished. The term "hydraulic mixture" refers to materials including various cementitious materials (eg, cement paste, mortar, concrete, etc.), geopolymer compositions, and the like.

Further, in the method of applying the surface material according to the present invention, the surface material may be pressed against the surface of the base material in the surface material installing step.

In the method of applying the surface material configured as described above, the surface material is pressed against the surface of the base material when the surface material is installed on the surface of the base material. Therefore, the surface material is firmly fixed to the surface of the base material.

Further, in the surface material construction method according to the present invention, unevenness may be formed on an installation surface of the surface material that is installed on the surface of the base material.

In the construction method of the surface material configured in this way, the installation surface of the surface material is formed with unevenness. Therefore, when the surface material is placed on the surface of the base material, the hydraulic mixture before congealing enters the recessed portions of the installation surface, so that the surface material is firmly fixed to the surface of the base material.

Further, in the method for applying a surface material according to the present invention, in the base material construction step, the hydraulic mixture is laminated to construct the base material, and the surface material is a surface to be arranged on the surface of the base material. and a mounting portion bent from the upper portion of the surface portion, wherein the hydraulic material is placed over the mounting portion after placing the mounting portion on the lower layer of the hydraulic mixture. An upper layer of the mixture may be laminated.

In the surface material application method configured as described above, the mounting portion of the surface material is sandwiched between the lower layer of the hydraulic mixture and the upper layer of the hydraulic mixture. Therefore, since the mounting portion is pressed against the lower layer of the hydraulic mixture by the weight of the upper layer of the hydraulic mixture, the surface material is firmly fixed to the substrate.

Further, in the method of applying a surface material according to the present invention, the surface material is provided on a surface portion that is arranged on the surface of the base material and on an installation surface that is installed on the surface of the base material in the surface portion. and a stud dowel, and in the step of installing the surface material, the stud dowel may be fixed to the hydraulic mixture.

In the surface material application method configured as described above, the stud dowels of the surface material are fixed in the hydraulic mixture after the hardening, so that the surface material is firmly fixed to the base material.

According to the method of applying the surface material according to the present invention, the surface material can be adhered with good workability using the additional manufacturing device.

It is a front view which shows the construction method of the surface material which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, and shows a base-material construction process. It is sectional drawing which shows the construction method of the surface material which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, and shows a surface material installation process. It is a front view which shows the construction method of the surface material which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention, and shows a surface material installation process. It is a perspective view which shows the construction method of the surface material which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention, and shows a surface material installation process. The surface material used by the construction method of the surface material which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) It is sectional drawing, (b) It is a perspective view. It is sectional drawing which shows the construction method of the surface material which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention, and shows a surface material installation process. It is a figure which shows the addition manufacturing apparatus used by the modification of 1st embodiment of this invention.

(First embodiment)
The construction method of the surface material according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, a case of installing tiles on concrete will be described. The surface material application method includes a base material construction process and a surface material installation process.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the base material construction step, the base material 2 is constructed using the additional manufacturing apparatus 1 . The additional manufacturing device 1 has a nozzle 11 , a lifter section 12 , a self-propelled section 13 and a hose 14 . The lifter part 12 supports the nozzle 11 and a hose 14 that supplies an unhardened (unset) concrete fluid (hydraulic mixture) 21 to the nozzle 11, and raises and lowers the nozzle 11 to a predetermined height. The self-propelled portion 13 is connected to the lifter portion 12 . The self-propelled portion 13 is self-propelled in a predetermined location and moves the nozzle 11 in conjunction with the lifter portion 12 . A concrete fluid 21 is discharged from the nozzle 11 . The concrete fluid 21 is discharged from the nozzle 11 so as to be extruded. The configuration of the additional manufacturing device 1 is not particularly limited. The additive manufacturing device 1 may be remotely operable.

A base material 2 having a predetermined shape is constructed by ejecting a concrete fluid 21 from a nozzle 11 and stacking it from the bottom to the top. In addition, the structure which discharges so that the concrete fluid 21 may be sprayed (injected) from the nozzle 11, and construct|assembles the base material 2 of a predetermined shape may be sufficient.

Concrete fluid 21, which is an example of a hydraulic mixture, refers to materials including various cementitious materials (eg, cement paste, mortar, concrete, etc.), geopolymer compositions, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the surface material installation process, a mechanical device such as a robot arm 41 is used to install tiles (surface material) 3 on the surface 2f of the base material 2. As shown in FIG.

The tiles 3 are placed on the surface 2f of the base material 2 before the concrete fluid 21 that forms the base material 2 solidifies. The finished surface 3f of the tile 3 is attracted to the vacuum suction pad 42 provided at the tip of the robot arm 41 extending from the robot main body (not shown). A tile 3 is pressed against the surface 2 f of the substrate 2 . In addition, before the concrete fluid 21 sets, it means that the penetration resistance value measured by the penetration resistance tester in JISA1147:2019 Concrete Setting Time Test Method is 8 N/mm ² or less.

A recess 31 recessed in the thickness direction of the tile 3 is formed on the installation surface 3 b of the tile 3 that is installed on the surface 2 f of the base material 2 . The installation surface 3b of the tile 3 has an uneven shape by forming the concave portion 31. As shown in FIG.

The uncured concrete fluid 21 enters the recesses 31 of the tiles 3, and the tiles 3 and the base material 2 are integrated. After the installation of the tile 3 is completed, the air pressure inside the vacuum suction pad 42 is released, and the vacuum suction pad 42 is removed from the finished surface 3f of the tile 3. The robot main body may be a separate device from the additional manufacturing device 1 or may be attached to the additional manufacturing device 1 .

While laminating the concrete fluid 21 from the lower side to the upper side, the tiles 3 may be installed on the surface 2f of the base material 2 in order from the already laminated lower side portion.

In the surface material construction method configured as described above, the tiles 3 are placed on the surface 2f of the base material 2 composed of the concrete fluid 21 discharged from the additional manufacturing apparatus 1 before the concrete fluid 21 solidifies. can be done. Therefore, materials such as adhesives for adhering the tiles 3 are not required, and since the tiles 3 are installed on the base material 2 before the concrete fluid 21 is set, the tiles 3 can be completed quickly, resulting in good workability. Moreover, the integrity between the base material 2 and the tiles 3 is enhanced, and the peeling of the tiles 3 is suppressed.

Moreover, when the tile 3 is installed on the surface 2 f of the base material 2 , the tile 3 is pressed against the surface 2 f of the base material 2 . Therefore, the tiles 3 are firmly fixed to the surface 2f of the base material 2. As shown in FIG.

Further, the installation surface 3b of the tile 3 is formed with irregularities (antipedes). Therefore, when the tile 3 is installed on the surface 2f of the base material 2, the concrete fluid 21 before hardening enters into the concave portion 31 of the installation surface 3b, so that the tile 3 is firmly fixed to the surface 2f of the base material 2. FIG.

(Second embodiment)
Next, a method of applying a surface material according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. In addition, in the embodiment shown below, the same reference numerals are given to the portions having substantially the same configuration as in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the tile 3A has an L-shaped cross section. The tile 3</b>A has a surface plate portion (surface portion) 33 and a mounting plate portion (mounting portion) 34 . In the description of the tile 3A, the direction is defined based on the orientation of the tile 3A placed on the base material 2. FIG. The surface plate portion 33 is formed in a plate shape. The plate surface of the surface plate portion 33 is arranged along the vertical plane. The mounting plate portion 34 is bent substantially perpendicularly to the surface plate portion 33 from the upper end portion of the surface plate portion 33 . The plate surface of the mounting plate portion 34 faces the vertical direction.

In the surface material installation step, the mounting plate portion 34 of the tile 3A is placed on the upper surface 2u of the lower laminate 22 formed by extruding the concrete fluid 21 (base material 2), and the tile is mounted on the surface 2f of the base material 2. 3A of the surface plate portion 33 is arranged. As shown in FIG. 3, the concrete fluid 21 is then extruded onto the mounting plate portion 34 of the tile 3A to laminate the upper laminate 23 thereon. The mounting plate portion 34 is sandwiched between the lower laminated body 22 and the upper laminated body 23 , and the mounting plate portion 34 is integrated with the base material 2 . 3 and 4, the lower laminate 22 is composed of two layers 22a and 22b, and the upper laminate 23 is composed of two layers 23a and 23b. 23 may be one layer or three or more layers. The work of installing the tiles 3A on the base material 2 may be performed using a robot arm 41 (see FIG. 2).

In the surface material construction method configured as described above, the tiles 3A are placed on the surface 2f of the base material 2 composed of the concrete fluid 21 discharged from the additional manufacturing apparatus 1 before the concrete fluid 21 solidifies. can be done. Therefore, materials such as adhesives for adhering the tiles 3A are not required, and since the tiles 3A are installed on the base material 2 before the concrete fluid 21 hardens, the tiles 3A are quickly finished, resulting in good workability.

The mounting plate portion 34 of the tile 3 is sandwiched between the layer below the fluid concrete 21 (lower laminate 22) and the layer above the fluid concrete 21 (upper laminate 23). Therefore, since the mounting plate portion 34 is pressed against the lower layer of the concrete fluid 21 by the weight of the upper layer of the concrete fluid 21 , the tile 3 is firmly fixed to the base material 2 . The width of the mounting plate portion 34 may be the same as or smaller than that of the tile 3A (surface plate portion 33), and may be divided into a plurality of pieces. The mounting plate portion 34 may be a mesh-like metal plate such as expanded metal.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a method of applying a surface material according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, in this embodiment, the tile 3B has a surface plate portion (surface portion) 35 and a stud dowel 36. As shown in FIG. In the description of the tile 3B, the direction is defined based on the orientation (see FIG. 6) in which the tile 3B is placed on the base material 2. FIG. The surface plate portion 35 is formed in a plate shape. A plate surface of the surface plate portion 35 is arranged along a vertical plane (wall surface). The stud dowel 36 includes stud reinforcing bars, stud bolts, headed studs, and the like.

The stud dowel 36 is provided on the installation surface 3b that is the back surface of the surface 2f (see FIG. 6) of the base material 2 in the surface plate portion 33. As shown in FIG. The stud dowel 36 has a shaft portion 36b that is stud-welded to the fixed plate portion 36a, and a head portion 36c. The fixed plate portion 36a is a plate-shaped steel plate. A plate surface of the fixed plate portion 36a is arranged along a vertical plane (wall surface). The fixed plate portion 36a is formed on the installation surface 3b of the surface plate portion 35, arranged in the recess 35a, and fixed to the recess 35a. The shaft portion 36b extends horizontally from the fixed plate portion 36a. The shaft portion 36b is formed in a bar shape. The head 36c of the headed stud is provided at the tip of the shaft 36b. The diameter of the head portion 36c is larger than the diameter of the shaft portion 36b.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the step of installing the surface material, the stud dowel 36 of the tile 3B is pushed into the concrete fluid 21 (base material 2) before the concrete fluid 21 that forms the base material 2 solidifies. The shaft portion 36b of the dowel 36 is fixed to the base material 2, and the tile 3B and the base material 2 are integrated. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the stud dowel 36 of the tile 3B may be placed on the upper surface 2u of the lower laminate 22 formed by extruding the concrete fluid 21 (base material 2). The stud dowel 36 is sandwiched between the lower laminate 22 and the upper laminate 23 so that the stud dowel 36 is integrated with the substrate 2 .

When the base material 2 is arranged on the outer peripheral side and the concrete 26 is placed in the interior surrounded by the base material 2, the shaft portion of the stud dowel 36 is set so that the tip of the stud dowel 36 reaches the concrete 26. 36 b and head 36 c may be fixed in concrete 26 . When the concrete 26 is not placed, the stud dowel 36 may be arranged inside the base material 2 and the shaft portion 36b and the head portion 36c of the stud dowel 36 may be fixed to the base material 2 .

In the surface material construction method configured as described above, the tiles 3B are installed on the surface 2f of the base material 2 composed of the concrete fluid 21 discharged from the additional manufacturing apparatus 1 before the concrete fluid 21 solidifies. can be done. Accordingly, materials such as adhesives for adhering the tiles 3B are not required, and since the tiles 3B are installed on the base material 2 before the concrete fluid 21 hardens, the tiles 3B are quickly finished, resulting in good workability.

Further, since the stud dowels 36 of the tiles 3 are fixed in the concrete fluid 21 after setting, the tiles 3 are firmly fixed to the base material 2 .

The assembly procedures, shapes, combinations, etc. of each component shown in the above-described embodiment are merely examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, in the above-described embodiments, tiles are used as the surface material, but the present invention is not limited to this. The surface material has a substantially flat plate-like portion to be placed on the surface of the base material, and may be a solar panel, a lighting panel, or the like.

Further, the installation surface 3b of the tile 3 may be a smooth surface without irregularities.

Moreover, in parallel with the surface material installation process, a finishing process for processing the surface 2f of the base material 2 to form unevenness may be performed. That is, the tiles 3 are installed on a part of the surface 2f of the base material 2, and the other part of the surface 2f of the base material 2 is uneven.

For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the additional manufacturing apparatus 1A includes a finishing section 40. As shown in FIG. The finishing section 40 has a first processing section 44 and a second processing section 49 . The first processing unit 44 is a brush or the like capable of smoothing the surface 2f of the concrete fluid 21 (processing to form the first type of unevenness). The second processing unit 49 is a spatula or the like capable of scraping or heaping the concrete fluid 21 from the surface 2f of the concrete fluid 21 (processing to form the second type of unevenness). By performing the finishing process by the additional manufacturing apparatus 1A, the surface 2f of the base material 2 is processed by the finishing section 40 to form unevenness before the concrete fluid 21 is solidified. Therefore, by forming unevenness on the surface 2f of the base material 2 to provide a three-dimensional decorative finish, a complicated and precise artistic surface finish of the base material 2, which cannot be achieved by simply spraying the concrete fluid 21, is constructed. be able to.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Additional manufacturing apparatus 2...Base material 2f...Surfaces 3, 3A, 3B...Tile (surface material)
3b... Installation surface 3f... Surface 21... Concrete fluid (hydraulic mixture)
33, 35 ... Surface plate portion (surface portion)
34 … Mounting plate portion (mounting portion)
36... Stud dowel

Claims (5)

a substrate construction step of discharging a hydraulic mixture from an additive manufacturing device to construct a substrate;
a surface material installation step of installing the surface material on the surface of the base material before the hydraulic mixture is solidified. 2. The method of applying a surface material according to claim 1, wherein in the surface material installing step, the surface material is pressed against the surface of the base material. 3. The method of applying a surface material according to claim 1, wherein an installation surface of the surface material to be installed on the surface of the base material is uneven. In the base material construction step, the hydraulic mixture is laminated to construct the base material,
The surface material is
a surface portion disposed on the surface of the substrate;
a mounting portion bent from the upper portion of the surface portion;
3. The surface material construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper layer of the hydraulic mixture is laminated on the mounting portion after the mounting portion is installed on the lower layer of the hydraulic mixture. . The surface material is
a surface portion disposed on the surface of the substrate;
a stud dowel provided on an installation surface to be installed on the surface of the base material in the surface portion;
3. The method of applying a surface material according to claim 1, wherein in the surface material installation step, the stud dowel is fixed to the hydraulic mixture.

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