JP2022103225A - Ceramic scintillator and radiation detector - Google Patents

Ceramic scintillator and radiation detector Download PDF

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JP2022103225A
JP2022103225A JP2022074246A JP2022074246A JP2022103225A JP 2022103225 A JP2022103225 A JP 2022103225A JP 2022074246 A JP2022074246 A JP 2022074246A JP 2022074246 A JP2022074246 A JP 2022074246A JP 2022103225 A JP2022103225 A JP 2022103225A
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ceramic scintillator
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慎祐 寺澤
Shinsuke Terasawa
謙弥 田中
Kenya Tanaka
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Proterial Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ceramic scintillator having a small attenuation time constant of phosphorescence and a radiation detector.
SOLUTION: A ceramic scintillator of the present invention contains a main component having a composition represented by Cex(Y1-y,Luy)1-xAlO3. In the ceramic scintillator, the x, y satisfy 0.001≤x<1 and 0≤y≤1. The above phosphor has a main component of a perovskite structure and has Ce as a light-emitting element, the phosphor material contains at a ratio of 0.05 atomic % or more and smaller than 50 atomic% of Ce, 0 atomic % or more and 49.95 atomic % or less of Y, 0% or more and 49.5 atomic % or smaller of Lu, and a total of Ce, Y and Lu of 50 atomic%, and 50 atomic% of Al relative to a total amount of Ce, Y, Lu and Al.
SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT

Description

本開示は、イットリウムおよびアルミニウムを含む組成を有するペロブスカイト型セラミック蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器、並びにセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a perovskite-type ceramic fluorescent material having a composition containing yttrium and aluminum, a ceramic scintillator and a radiation detector, and a method for producing the ceramic fluorescent material.

放射線画像システムは、被写体にα線、β線、γ線、X線等の放射線を照射し、被写体を透過した放射線を画像化する。放射線画像システムは断層撮影などの医療分野、非破壊検査などの工業分野、手荷物検査などのセキュリティ分野、高エネルギー物理学などの学術分野等の多様な応用分野で利用されている。 The radiation imaging system irradiates the subject with radiation such as α-rays, β-rays, γ-rays, and X-rays, and images the radiation transmitted through the subject. Radiation imaging systems are used in various application fields such as medical fields such as tomography, industrial fields such as non-destructive inspection, security fields such as baggage inspection, and academic fields such as high energy physics.

現在、主として商業的に利用されている放射線画像システムは、放射線の強度を電気信号に変換する放射線検出器を用いる。放射線検出器は、放射線の強度を光に変換する為のシンチレータと、光を電気信号に変換する為のCCD等の光検出器とを含む。 Currently, the radiation imaging system mainly used commercially uses a radiation detector that converts the intensity of radiation into an electrical signal. The radiation detector includes a scintillator for converting the intensity of radiation into light and a photodetector such as a CCD for converting light into an electrical signal.

種々の分野において、より高精細、かつ、より低放射線量で画像を取得できる放射線画像システムが求められている。このような放射線画像システムとして、例えば特許文献1に開示されているように、光子の数を計測することができるフォトンカウンターを用いて、放射線を検出するフォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器が検討されている。 In various fields, there is a demand for a radiographic image system capable of acquiring images with higher definition and lower radiation dose. As such a radiation image system, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a photon counting type radiation detector that detects radiation using a photon counter capable of measuring the number of photons has been studied. There is.

特開2012-34901号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-34901

特許文献1に開示されたX線CT装置は、放射線検出器としてCdTeシンチレータを用いる。CdTeシンチレータは比較的高価であり、毒性を有する。また、大型のCdTe単結晶を得ることが容易ではないため、放射線の検出面を大きくすることが難しい。 The X-ray CT apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a CdTe scintillator as a radiation detector. CdTe scintillators are relatively expensive and toxic. Further, since it is not easy to obtain a large-sized CdTe single crystal, it is difficult to enlarge the radiation detection surface.

本開示は、この様な課題に鑑み、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に使用可能なセラミック蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器、並びにセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法を提供する。 In view of such problems, the present disclosure provides a ceramic fluorescent material, a ceramic scintillator and a radiation detector, and a method for manufacturing a ceramic fluorescent material, which can be used for a photon counting type radiation detector.

本開示のセラミック蛍光材料は、Ce(Y1-yLu1-xAlOで表される組成を有する主成分を含み、前記x、yが0.001≦x<1、0≦y≦1を満足する。 The ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure contains a main component having a composition represented by Ce x (Y 1-y Lu y ) 1-x AlO 3 , and the x and y are 0.001 ≦ x <1, 0 ≦. Satisfy y ≦ 1.

前記主成分はペロブスカイト構造を有し、Ceを発光元素とする蛍光体であり、前記セラミック蛍光材料は、Ce、Y、LuおよびAlの合計量に対して、Ceを0.05原子%以上50原子%未満、Yを0原子%以上49.95原子%以下、Luを0原子%以上49.5原子%以下、かつ、Ce、YおよびLuの合計を50原子%、およびAlを50原子%の割合で含んでいてもよい。 The main component is a phosphor having a perovskite structure and using Ce as a light emitting element, and the ceramic fluorescent material contains Ce in an amount of 0.05 atomic% or more and 50 or more based on the total amount of Ce, Y, Lu and Al. Less than atomic%, Y is 0 atomic% or more and 49.95 atomic% or less, Lu is 0 atomic% or more and 49.5 atomic% or less, and the total of Ce, Y and Lu is 50 atomic%, and Al is 50 atomic%. It may be included in the ratio of.

前記セラミック蛍光材料は、95質量%以上の割合で、前記主成分を含んでいてもよい。 The ceramic fluorescent material may contain the main component in a proportion of 95% by mass or more.

前記xは、0.006≦x<1を満足していてもよい。 The x may satisfy 0.006 ≦ x <1.

前記xは、0.01≦x≦0.1を満足していてもよい。 The x may satisfy 0.01 ≦ x ≦ 0.1.

前記yは、0<y<0.5を満足していてもよい。 The y may satisfy 0 <y <0.5.

前記yは、0.0003≦y≦0.01を満足していてもよい。 The y may satisfy 0.0003 ≦ y ≦ 0.01.

前記yは、0.4≦y≦0.6を満足していてもよい。 The y may satisfy 0.4 ≦ y ≦ 0.6.

前記セラミック蛍光材料は、異相としてCeO相を含み、前記セラミック蛍光材料の断面のBSE像における前記CeO相の面積の割合は、0.5%以下であってもよい。 The ceramic fluorescent material contains a CeO 2 phase as a heterogeneous phase, and the ratio of the area of the CeO 2 phase in the BSE image of the cross section of the ceramic fluorescent material may be 0.5% or less.

本開示のセラミックシンチレータは、上記いずれかに記載のセラミック蛍光材料を含み、相対密度が99%以上である。 The ceramic scintillator of the present disclosure contains the ceramic fluorescent material according to any one of the above, and has a relative density of 99% or more.

本開示の放射線検知器は、上記セラミックシンチレータと、光を電気信号、電流値または電圧値のいずれかに変換する光電変換素子とを備える。 The radiation detector of the present disclosure includes the ceramic scintillator and a photoelectric conversion element that converts light into an electric signal, a current value, or a voltage value.

本開示のセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法は、焼成後の組成が、Ce(Y1-yLu1-xAlO(0.001≦x<1、0≦y≦1)となるように、Ceと、Alと、Yと、Luとをそれぞれ含む素原料を用意する工程と、前記素原料を混合及び粉砕し、原料粉末を得る工程と、前記原料粉末を成形し、成形体を得る工程と、前記成形体を還元雰囲気中、1600℃~1800℃の温度で焼結させる工程とを包含する。 In the method for producing a ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure, the composition after firing is Cex (Y1 - yLuy ) 1-x AlO 3 (0.001≤x <1, 0≤y≤1). In addition, a step of preparing a raw material containing Ce, Al, Y, and Lu, a step of mixing and crushing the raw material to obtain a raw material powder, and a step of molding the raw material powder to form a molded product. It includes a step of obtaining the molded product and a step of sintering the molded product at a temperature of 1600 ° C. to 1800 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere.

本開示によれば、蛍光の減衰時定数が小さく、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に使用可能なセラミック蛍光材料、及びセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法が得られる。また、このような特性を備えたセラミック蛍光材料を含み、大面積化が可能なセラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器が得られる。 According to the present disclosure, a ceramic fluorescent material having a small fluorescence decay time constant and usable for a photon counting type radiation detector, and a method for producing the ceramic fluorescent material can be obtained. Further, a ceramic scintillator and a radiation detector that include a ceramic fluorescent material having such characteristics and can have a large area can be obtained.

Ce1-yAlOで示される組成のセラミック蛍光材料の減衰時定数τ を求めた実験例であって、Ce量xと蛍光の減衰時定数τとの関係を示す図である。It is an experimental example in which the decay time constant τ of the ceramic fluorescent material of the composition shown by Ce x Y 1-y AlO 3 was obtained, and is the figure which shows the relationship between the Ce amount x and the fluorescence decay time constant τ. Ce0.03(Y1-yLu)0.97AlOで示される組成のセラミック蛍光材料の減衰時定数τを求めた実験例であって、Lu量yと蛍光の減衰時定数τとの関係を示す図である。Ce 0.03 (Y 1-y Lu y ) 0.97 This is an experimental example in which the decay time constant τ of the ceramic fluorescent material having the composition shown by AlO 3 is obtained, and the relationship between the Lu amount y and the fluorescence decay time constant τ is shown. It is a figure. (a)および(b)は、実験例のセラミック蛍光材料の粉末X線回折スペクトルを示す図である。(A) and (b) are diagrams showing the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the ceramic fluorescent material of the experimental example. (a)、(b)および(c)は、酸素雰囲気下で焼成したセラミック蛍光材料、大気雰囲気下で焼成したセラミック材料および実験例のセラミック蛍光材料のBSE像である。(A), (b) and (c) are BSE images of the ceramic fluorescent material fired in an oxygen atmosphere, the ceramic material fired in an atmospheric atmosphere, and the ceramic fluorescent material of the experimental example. (a)、(b)および(c)は、図4(a)、(b)および(c)と同じ領域についてCeの元素マッピングを行った図である。(A), (b) and (c) are diagrams in which elemental mapping of Ce is performed for the same regions as in FIGS. 4 (a), (b) and (c). (a)、(b)および(c)は、図5(a)、(b)および(c)に示すBSE像を画像処理した図である。(A), (b) and (c) are images of the BSE images shown in FIGS. 5 (a), (b) and (c).

本願発明者は、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に使用可能な蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータに必要な物性を検討し、その物性を実現し得る蛍光材料の組成を詳細に検討した。 The inventor of the present application examined the physical properties required for a fluorescent material and a ceramic scintillator that can be used for a photon counting type radiation detector, and examined in detail the composition of the fluorescent material that can realize the physical properties.

従来の強度積分型の放射線検出器は、マイクロ秒からミリ秒オーダーの所定の時間間隔(この時間間隔を1フレームとよぶ)で放射線を対象物に照射し、対象物を透過した放射線が入射することによってシンチレータが発する蛍光を光検出器で検出し、電気信号に変換する。放射線は、上述の所定の時間間隔よりも短い期間、対象物に照射される。 The conventional intensity-integrated radiation detector irradiates an object with radiation at a predetermined time interval on the order of microseconds to millisecond (this time interval is called one frame), and the radiation transmitted through the object is incident. The fluorescence emitted by the scintillator is detected by the optical detector and converted into an electric signal. The radiation irradiates the object for a period shorter than the predetermined time interval described above.

シンチレータの蛍光材料は、放射線の照射時に強い蛍光を発するが、放射線照射が停止した後、すぐに蛍光はゼロとはならず、弱い蛍光が持続する。これを残光と呼ぶ。残光は例えば、放射線照射中の発光強度Iと、放射線照射停止から一定時間経過後の発光強度Iとを用い、I/I(ppm)で定義される。一定時間とは、光検出器からの信号処理速度や、被対象物の被爆なども考慮してミリ秒(ms)のオーダーが選ばれる。 The fluorescent material of the scintillator emits strong fluorescence when irradiated with radiation, but the fluorescence does not become zero immediately after the irradiation is stopped, and weak fluorescence continues. This is called afterglow. The afterglow is defined by Ir / I 0 (ppm), for example, using the emission intensity I 0 during irradiation and the emission intensity Ir after a certain period of time has passed since the irradiation was stopped. The fixed time is selected on the order of milliseconds (ms) in consideration of the signal processing speed from the photodetector and the exposure of the object to be exposed.

放射線画像システムは、ノイズ等による影響を低減するため、各フレームにおいて、放射線の照射時に放射線検知器から得られた電気信号から、放射線の照射停止時に放射線検知器から得られた電気信号を差し引いた信号を、検出した放射線の強度として処理する。このため、残光が大きいと、相対的に検出した放射線強度が小さくなる。このことから、従来の強度積分型の放射線検出器では、蛍光材料の残光は小さいことが好ましい。 In order to reduce the influence of noise, etc., the radiation imaging system subtracts the electric signal obtained from the radiation detector when the radiation irradiation is stopped from the electric signal obtained from the radiation detector when the radiation is irradiated in each frame. Treat the signal as the intensity of the detected radiation. Therefore, when the afterglow is large, the detected radiation intensity becomes relatively small. For this reason, in the conventional intensity-integrated radiation detector, it is preferable that the afterglow of the fluorescent material is small.

これに対し、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器は、蛍光材料の極めて短時間の発光によるフォトンの数を計測することが可能な光電子増倍管、マルチピクセルフォトンカウンター(シリコンフォトマルチプライヤー)などを備え、フォトンの数をパルス信号として読み出す。フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器では、発光強度に一定の閾値を設けて読み出しを行うため、蛍光材料の発光強度は上述した従来の強度積分型の放射線検出器に求められる蛍光材料ほど大きくなくてよい。また、残光が生じていても、残光の強度が上述した閾値以下であれば、残光が検出されることはないため、残光の有無は発光の検出に大きな影響を与えない。 On the other hand, the photon counting type radiation detector is equipped with a photomultiplier tube and a multi-pixel photon counter (silicon photomultiplier) that can measure the number of photons due to the extremely short-time emission of fluorescent materials. , Read the number of photons as a pulse signal. In the photon counting type radiation detector, the emission intensity is set to a certain threshold for reading, so that the emission intensity of the fluorescent material does not have to be as high as that required for the conventional intensity-integrated radiation detector described above. .. Further, even if afterglow is generated, if the intensity of the afterglow is equal to or less than the above-mentioned threshold value, the afterglow is not detected, and therefore the presence or absence of the afterglow does not significantly affect the detection of light emission.

一方、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器を備えた放射線画像システムでは、発光の数が放射線の強度に比例するため、蛍光の減衰時間が長いと、発光が重複し、正確な発光の数が検出できない。このため、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に用いられるシンチレータおよび蛍光材料は、非常に短い時間で蛍光が減衰すること、具体的には、ナノ秒前後のオーダーの時間で発光強度が1/e程度まで減衰する特性が求められる。このように、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に好適に用いられる蛍光材料には、従来の放射線検出器用の蛍光材料とは全く異なる特性が求められる。 On the other hand, in a radiation imaging system equipped with a photon counting type radiation detector, the number of emissions is proportional to the intensity of radiation, so if the fluorescence decay time is long, the emissions overlap and the exact number of emissions cannot be detected. .. For this reason, scintillators and fluorescent materials used in photon counting type radiation detectors attenuate fluorescence in a very short time, specifically, the emission intensity is about 1 / e in a time on the order of about nanoseconds. The characteristic of decaying to is required. As described above, the fluorescent material suitably used for the photon counting type radiation detector is required to have completely different characteristics from the fluorescent material for the conventional radiation detector.

蛍光材料における蛍光の減衰時間は、主として発光元素に依存する。本願発明者は、蛍光の減衰時間が短い発光元素としてCeに注目し、Ceを発光元素として含有可能な蛍光材料を検討した。その結果、YAlO、すなわち、イットリウムアルミニウムペロブスカイト(以下、YAPと略す場合がある)を母材とし、Ceを高い濃度で含有させることによって、蛍光の減衰時間が短い蛍光材料を実現し得ることが分かった。 The decay time of fluorescence in a fluorescent material mainly depends on the luminescent element. The inventor of the present application paid attention to Ce as a luminescent element having a short fluorescence decay time, and investigated a fluorescent material capable of containing Ce as a luminescent element. As a result, it is possible to realize a fluorescent material having a short fluorescence decay time by using YAlO 3 , that is, yttrium aluminum perovskite (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as YAP) as a base material and containing Ce at a high concentration. Do you get it.

YAPは陽電子放射断層撮影(以下、PETと略す場合がある)用シンチレータとして知られている。しかし、PETでは、γ線を十分に減衰できることが重要である。このため、重い元素を用い、密度の高い単結晶のYAPが用いられる。本願発明者の詳細な検討によれば、単結晶に添加し得るCeの量は少なく、Ceの添加量を多くすると、Ceが遊離してしまい、単結晶を得ることが困難になる。このような知見に基づき、発明者は、新規なセラミック蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器、並びにセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法を想到した。以下、本開示のセラミック蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器、並びにセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法を詳細に説明する。 YAP is known as a scintillator for positron emission tomography (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as PET). However, in PET, it is important to be able to sufficiently attenuate γ-rays. Therefore, a heavy element is used, and a high-density single crystal YAP is used. According to a detailed study by the inventor of the present application, the amount of Ce that can be added to the single crystal is small, and if the amount of Ce added is large, Ce is liberated, making it difficult to obtain a single crystal. Based on these findings, the inventor came up with new ceramic fluorescent materials, ceramic scintillators and radiation detectors, and methods for manufacturing ceramic fluorescent materials. Hereinafter, the ceramic fluorescent material, the ceramic scintillator and the radiation detector of the present disclosure, and the method for manufacturing the ceramic fluorescent material will be described in detail.

(蛍光材料の組成および物性)
本開示のセラミック蛍光材料は、一般式(以下、一般式(1)と呼ぶ):Ce(Y1-yLu1-xAlOで表される組成を有する主成分を含む。xおよびyは、それぞれ、以下の範囲を満たしている。
0.001≦x<1
0≦y≦1
(Composition and physical properties of fluorescent material)
The ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure contains a main component having a composition represented by the general formula (hereinafter referred to as general formula (1)): Cex (Y1 - yLuy ) 1-x AlO 3 . x and y each satisfy the following ranges.
0.001 ≤ x <1
0 ≦ y ≦ 1

つまり主成分は、Ce、Y、LuおよびAlの合計量に対して、Ceを0.05原子%以上50原子%未満、Yを0原子%以上49.95原子%以下、Luを0原子%以上49.5原子%以下、かつ、Ce、YおよびLuの合計を50原子%、およびAlを50原子%の割合で含んでいる。 That is, as the main component, Ce is 0.05 atomic% or more and less than 50 atomic%, Y is 0 atomic% or more and 49.95 atomic% or less, and Lu is 0 atomic% or less with respect to the total amount of Ce, Y, Lu and Al. It contains 49.5 atomic% or less, the total of Ce, Y and Lu is 50 atomic%, and Al is 50 atomic%.

上記一般式(1)において、Ceは発光イオンとして機能する。本開示のセラミック蛍光材料の特徴の1つは、上記一般式(1)で表される組成の材料を単結晶ではなく、多結晶体であるセラミックとしてシンチレータに用いる点にある。多結晶体であることにより、単結晶である場合に比べてより多くのCeをYAPに固溶させることができる。後述するようにCe濃度が高いほうが、蛍光の減衰時間が短くなる。本開示において、セラミック蛍光材料の蛍光の減衰時間は、蛍光の減衰時定数τで評価する。減衰時定数τは、励起光であるX線の照射停止時刻をゼロとして、X線照射停止後の蛍光の発光強度がX線照射中の蛍光の発光強度に対する強度比で1/e(=0.3679)になる時刻で定義される。より具体的には、例えば、パルスX線管を用い、30kVの管電圧でX線を発生させ、蛍光材料にX線を照射した場合において、X線の照射停止後、発光強度が1/eに減衰するまでの時間を減衰時定数τと定義する。減衰時定数の単位は時間であるため、残光のように強度比(ppm)ではなく、ナノ秒(ns)などとなる。 In the above general formula (1), Ce functions as a luminescent ion. One of the features of the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure is that the material having the composition represented by the above general formula (1) is used for the scintillator as a ceramic which is a polycrystal instead of a single crystal. By being a polycrystal, more Ce can be dissolved in YAP as compared with the case of a single crystal. As will be described later, the higher the Ce concentration, the shorter the fluorescence decay time. In the present disclosure, the fluorescence decay time of a ceramic fluorescent material is evaluated by the fluorescence decay time constant τ. The decay time constant τ is 1 / e (= 0) as the intensity ratio of the fluorescence emission intensity after the X-ray irradiation stop to the emission intensity of the fluorescence during X-ray irradiation, where the irradiation stop time of X-rays, which is the excitation light, is set to zero. It is defined by the time when it becomes .3679). More specifically, for example, when a pulse X-ray tube is used to generate X-rays at a tube voltage of 30 kV and the fluorescent material is irradiated with X-rays, the emission intensity becomes 1 / e after the X-ray irradiation is stopped. The time until decay to is defined as the decay time constant τ. Since the unit of the attenuation time constant is time, it is not the intensity ratio (ppm) as in the afterglow, but nanoseconds (ns).

一般に蛍光材料における残光は蛍光材料の欠陥の多さに関係している。これに対し、減衰時定数τは、発光元素のエネルギー源による励起によって生じる電子の遷移に関係しており、X線、紫外線、ガンマ線等のエネルギー源の種類によっても、減衰時定数τは異なり得る。 In general, afterglow in a fluorescent material is related to the number of defects in the fluorescent material. On the other hand, the decay time constant τ is related to the electron transition caused by the excitation of the luminescent element by the energy source, and the decay time constant τ may differ depending on the type of energy source such as X-rays, ultraviolet rays, and gamma rays. ..

一般式(1)におけるCe量を示すxは、0.001≦x<1を満たしている。xが0.001以上であることにより、減衰時定数τを35ns程度以下にすることができる。この減衰時定数τは、単結晶のYAPでは、Ceを添加しても達成することが困難な値である。Ce量が増えるにしたがって、減衰時定数τも短くなる。xは0.006以上であれば、減衰の時定数τは約20ns以下になるため、好ましい。また、xが0.01以上であれば、減衰の時定数τは約15ns以下になるため、さらに好ましい。 X indicating the amount of Ce in the general formula (1) satisfies 0.001 ≦ x <1. When x is 0.001 or more, the attenuation time constant τ can be set to about 35 ns or less. This decay time constant τ is a value that is difficult to achieve even with the addition of Ce in single crystal YAP. As the amount of Ce increases, the decay time constant τ also becomes shorter. When x is 0.006 or more, the time constant τ of attenuation is about 20 ns or less, which is preferable. Further, when x is 0.01 or more, the time constant τ of attenuation is about 15 ns or less, which is more preferable.

減衰の時定数τを短くするという観点では、Ceの量の上限に制限はなく、xは1未満であればよい。しかし、Ce量が多くなると均一なセラミック体であるセラミック蛍光材料を得ることが難しくなる。このため、製造のしやすさという観点では、xは、0.1以下であることが好ましい。 From the viewpoint of shortening the decay time constant τ, there is no limit to the upper limit of the amount of Ce, and x may be less than 1. However, when the amount of Ce is large, it becomes difficult to obtain a ceramic fluorescent material which is a uniform ceramic body. Therefore, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, x is preferably 0.1 or less.

Lu量を示すyは、発光量に関連しており、0≦y≦1を満たしている。発光量を多くするためには、yは0.4≦y≦0.6を満たしていることが好ましい。ただし、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器では、光子を高感度で検出することができるため、発光強度が高くなくてもフォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器を実現できる場合がある。この場合、他の観点、例えば、製造のしやすさ、有効原子番号等の観点からLuの量を決定することができる。LuはYに比べて融点が高いため、Lu量が増えるほどYAPセラミックスの融点も上昇し、緻密なセラミックスを得ることは困難になる。光の透過する透明セラミックスを得るという観点から、Lu量は少ない方が好ましい。例えば、yは0<y<0.5であることが好ましい。 The y indicating the Lu amount is related to the light emission amount and satisfies 0 ≦ y ≦ 1. In order to increase the amount of light emitted, it is preferable that y satisfies 0.4 ≦ y ≦ 0.6. However, since the photon counting type radiation detector can detect photons with high sensitivity, it may be possible to realize a photon counting type radiation detector even if the emission intensity is not high. In this case, the amount of Lu can be determined from other viewpoints, for example, from the viewpoint of ease of production, effective atomic number, and the like. Since Lu has a higher melting point than Y, as the amount of Lu increases, the melting point of YAP ceramics also rises, making it difficult to obtain precise ceramics. From the viewpoint of obtaining transparent ceramics that transmit light, it is preferable that the amount of Lu is small. For example, y is preferably 0 <y <0.5.

本開示のセラミック蛍光材料の密度は、以下に説明する相対密度の評価において99%以上であることが好ましい。相対密度の計算方法は以下の通りである。まず、一般式(1)において、x=0、y=0の場合(組成式:YAlO)の格子定数をICDD(International Centre for Diffraction Data)のデータより引用し、それを基準に体積を算出する。次に相対密度を算出しようとする試料の組成式から質量として式量を算出する。そして、体積と式量とから求めた密度を理論密度とする。次に、蛍光材料の実測密度を測定し、前記理論密度で割って相対密度を算出する。相対密度が小さい場合、光が透過しなくなるため、相対密度は99%以上が好ましい。 The density of the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure is preferably 99% or more in the evaluation of the relative density described below. The calculation method of the relative density is as follows. First, in the general formula (1), the lattice constant in the case of x = 0 and y = 0 (composition formula: YALo 3 ) is quoted from the data of ICDD (International Center for Diffraction Data), and the volume is calculated based on the data. do. Next, the formula amount is calculated as the mass from the composition formula of the sample for which the relative density is to be calculated. Then, the density obtained from the volume and the formula quantity is used as the theoretical density. Next, the measured density of the fluorescent material is measured and divided by the theoretical density to calculate the relative density. When the relative density is small, light does not pass through, so the relative density is preferably 99% or more.

本開示のセラミック蛍光材料は上述した主成分を95質量%以上の割合で含んでいることが好ましい。セラミック蛍光材料は、主成分以外に未反応の原料、副生成物、不可避的不純物等を0.5質量%未満の割合で含んでいてもよい。例えば、セラミック蛍光材料は、原料である酸化セリウム(CeO)を異相として含んでいてもよい。セラミック蛍光材料が、酸化セリウムを異相として含む場合、主成分、つまり主相に固溶したCeと、異相に存在するCeとを、元素分析等で区別することは困難な場合ある。この場合、セラミック蛍光材料の断面を観察することによって、異相の割合を評価し得る。本開示のセラミック蛍光材料の断面のBSE像におけるCeO相の面積の割合は、0.5%以下であることが好ましい。ここで、断面の観察は、1000倍から5000倍の倍率で行う。 The ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure preferably contains the above-mentioned main component in a proportion of 95% by mass or more. The ceramic fluorescent material may contain unreacted raw materials, by-products, unavoidable impurities and the like in a proportion of less than 0.5% by mass in addition to the main component. For example, the ceramic fluorescent material may contain cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) as a raw material as a different phase. When the ceramic fluorescent material contains cerium oxide as a different phase, it may be difficult to distinguish the main component, that is, Ce solid-solved in the main phase and Ce existing in the different phase by elemental analysis or the like. In this case, the proportion of different phases can be evaluated by observing the cross section of the ceramic fluorescent material. The ratio of the area of the CeO2 phase in the BSE image of the cross section of the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure is preferably 0.5% or less. Here, the cross section is observed at a magnification of 1000 to 5000 times.

(蛍光材料の製造方法)
本開示による蛍光材料の製造方法の一例を説明する。まず、焼成後に一般式(1)で表される比率で、Ce、Al、YおよびLuを含む素原料を用意する。つまり、製造工程中、例えば素原料の粉砕工程において、メディア等からAlが混入する場合には、その混入量分だけ、一般式(1)で表される比率からAlを差し引いた量の素原料を用意する。具体的には、Ce、Al、YおよびLuの、酸化物、又は炭酸塩等の素原料を用意し、混入するAlを考慮した上で、一般式(1)で示す組成比となるように素原料を秤量する。次に、秤量した素原料に必要に応じて溶媒を加え、ボールミル等で混合及び粉砕する。混合物を乾燥させることによって原料粉末を得る。原料粉末を適当な篩で造粒し、プレス成形することによって成形体を得る。その後、成形体を還元雰囲気中、1600℃~1800℃の温度で、0.5~12時間保持することによって成形体を焼結させる。れにより、多結晶のセラミック蛍光材料が得られる。還元雰囲気とは、例えば、水素が添加された窒素ガス等をいう。
(Manufacturing method of fluorescent material)
An example of the method for producing a fluorescent material according to the present disclosure will be described. First, after firing, a raw material containing Ce, Al, Y and Lu is prepared at a ratio represented by the general formula (1). That is, when Al 2 O 3 is mixed from the media or the like in the manufacturing process, for example, in the crushing process of the raw material, the amount obtained by subtracting Al from the ratio represented by the general formula (1) by the amount of the mixing. Prepare the raw materials for aluminum. Specifically, raw materials such as oxides or carbonates of Ce, Al, Y and Lu are prepared, and after considering Al 2 O 3 to be mixed, the composition ratio represented by the general formula (1) is used. Weigh the raw materials so that Next, if necessary, a solvent is added to the weighed raw material, and the mixture is mixed and pulverized with a ball mill or the like. The raw material powder is obtained by drying the mixture. The raw material powder is granulated with an appropriate sieve and press-molded to obtain a molded product. Then, the molded product is sintered by holding the molded product in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of 1600 ° C. to 1800 ° C. for 0.5 to 12 hours. This gives a polycrystalline ceramic fluorescent material. The reducing atmosphere means, for example, nitrogen gas to which hydrogen is added.

一般式(1)で示す組成のセラミック蛍光材料中、Ceは3価で存在すると考えられるが、Ceを含む素原料として、一般的に入手が容易であるのは、CeOであり、素原料中Ceは4価の状態で存在する。このため、YAPにCeを導入するために、Ceを還元する必要があり、還元雰囲気中で素原料を焼結させることが好ましい。これにより、高い濃度でCeをYAPに導入することが可能となる。 Among the ceramic fluorescent materials having the composition represented by the general formula (1), Ce is considered to exist in a trivalent value, but CeO 2 is generally easily available as a raw material containing Ce, which is a raw material. Medium Ce exists in a tetravalent state. Therefore, in order to introduce Ce into YAP, it is necessary to reduce Ce, and it is preferable to sinter the raw material in a reducing atmosphere. This makes it possible to introduce Ce into YAP at a high concentration.

上記製造方法の他、本開示のセラミック蛍光材料は、無機塩法などによって製造することも可能である。 In addition to the above production method, the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure can also be produced by an inorganic salt method or the like.

本開示のセラミック蛍光材料は、一般的なセラミックと同様の工程によって作製することが可能であるため、低コストで生産性に優れた蛍光材料であり、かつ、大面積のセラミックシンチレータを比較的容易に作製することが可能である。そのため、本開示のセラミックシンチレータを用いることにより、単結晶シンチレータと異なり、大量の蛍光材料を配列したり、大面積のセラミックシンチレータを加工することで、放射線の検出面が大きな放射線検出器を容易に得ることができる。 Since the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure can be produced by the same process as general ceramics, it is a low-cost and highly productive ceramic material, and a large-area ceramic scintillator is relatively easy to use. It is possible to make it. Therefore, by using the ceramic scintillator of the present disclosure, unlike a single crystal scintillator, by arranging a large amount of fluorescent materials or processing a large-area ceramic scintillator, a radiation detector having a large radiation detection surface can be easily obtained. Obtainable.

(蛍光材料を用いた実施形態)
[セラミックシンチレータ]
得られた多結晶のセラミック蛍光材料を、例えば、内周スライサーで適当な厚さの板として切断し、酸素雰囲気中、例えば1250℃~1350℃の温度で、0.5~12時間保持することによって熱処理を施す。その後、表面に光学研磨を施すことによって、セラミックシンチレータが得られる。焼結によって得られた蛍光材料が所望の形状を有している場合には、上述した熱処理および光学研磨を施すことによって、セラミックシンチレータを得ることが可能である。
(Embodiment using fluorescent material)
[Ceramic scintillator]
The obtained polycrystalline ceramic fluorescent material is cut into a plate having an appropriate thickness by, for example, an inner slicer, and held in an oxygen atmosphere, for example, at a temperature of 1250 ° C to 1350 ° C for 0.5 to 12 hours. Heat treatment is applied. Then, the surface is optically polished to obtain a ceramic scintillator. When the fluorescent material obtained by sintering has a desired shape, it is possible to obtain a ceramic scintillator by performing the above-mentioned heat treatment and optical polishing.

[放射線検出器]
本開示のセラミックシンチレータと、高感度に光を計測可能な光電子増倍管や、マルチピクセルフォトンカウンター(シリコンフォトマルチプライヤー)などの光検出器とを組み合わせることによって、放射線検出器を構成することができる。例えば、放射線検出器は、受光面を備える光電子増倍管、マルチピクセルフォトンカウンター等の光検出器と、前記光検出器の受光面に配置されたセラミックシンチレータとを備える。セラミックシンチレータには、上述した本開示のセラミックシンチレータを用いることができる。光検出器は、好ましくは光に対して高感度であり、極めて短時間の発光を計測可能である。さらに好ましくは530nm程度以上600nm程度以下の波長範囲において、検出感度を有する。上述したように、本発明のシンチレータを構成している蛍光材料における蛍光の減衰時定数は小さい。このため、高時間分解能な光検出器と組み合わせて、放射線を検出することが可能であり、フォトンの数が計測可能な光電子増倍管、マルチピクセルフォトンカウンター等と好適に組わせることが可能である。
[Radiation detector]
A radiation detector can be configured by combining the ceramic scintillator of the present disclosure with a photomultiplier tube capable of measuring light with high sensitivity and a photodetector such as a multipixel photon counter (silicon photomultiplier). can. For example, the radiation detector includes a photomultiplier tube having a light receiving surface, a photodetector such as a multipixel photon counter, and a ceramic scintillator arranged on the light receiving surface of the photodetector. As the ceramic scintillator, the ceramic scintillator of the present disclosure described above can be used. The photodetector is preferably highly sensitive to light and can measure light emission in a very short time. More preferably, it has detection sensitivity in the wavelength range of about 530 nm or more and about 600 nm or less. As described above, the decay time constant of fluorescence in the fluorescent material constituting the scintillator of the present invention is small. Therefore, it is possible to detect radiation in combination with a photodetector with high time resolution, and it is possible to suitably combine it with a photomultiplier tube, a multi-pixel photon counter, etc. that can measure the number of photons. Is.

(実施例)
[実験例1]
種々の組成の蛍光材料を作製し、特性を調べた結果を説明する。
(Example)
[Experimental Example 1]
The results of preparing fluorescent materials having various compositions and examining their characteristics will be described.

素原料として、Y(純度5N)、CeO(純度4N)、Al(純度5N)を用意し、総重量が200gとなるよう、下記表1の試料1から試料6に示す割合(元素比)で素原料を秤量した。ただし、粉砕工程においてメディアとして用いるアルミナのボールからAlが混入して、それが一般式(1)のセラミック蛍光材料を得るための原料Alに加わる。このため、一般式(1)において、CeとYとの合計とAlとの割合が1:1ではなく、1:0.98になるように、素原料を秤量した。 Prepare Y 2 O 3 (purity 5N), CeO 2 (purity 4N), and Al 2 O 3 (purity 5N) as raw materials, and prepare samples 1 to 6 in Table 1 below so that the total weight is 200 g. The raw materials were weighed at the indicated ratio (element ratio). However, Al 2 O 3 is mixed from the aluminum balls used as the medium in the pulverization step, and is added to the raw material Al 2 O 3 for obtaining the ceramic fluorescent material of the general formula (1). Therefore, in the general formula (1), the raw materials were weighed so that the ratio of the total of Ce and Y and Al was 1: 0.98 instead of 1: 1.

Figure 2022103225000002
Figure 2022103225000002

1Lの容量のポリプロピレン製ポットに、秤量済みの各試料の素原料と、1250gの直径5mmのAlボールと、200mLのエタノールをそれぞれ投入し、ポットを分速100回転で40時間回転させ、原料を混合・粉砕した。原料をアルミナ製の容器に回収し、ホットプレートによって、容器ごと120℃で加熱して、エタノールを蒸発させ、原料を乾燥させた。その後、原料をアルミナ乳鉢で解砕し、目開き500μmの篩に通した。 In a polypropylene pot with a capacity of 1 L, the raw materials for each weighed sample, 1250 g of Al 2 O 3 balls with a diameter of 5 mm, and 200 mL of ethanol are placed, and the pot is rotated at 100 rpm for 40 hours. , Raw materials were mixed and crushed. The raw material was collected in an alumina container, and the whole container was heated at 120 ° C. by a hot plate to evaporate ethanol and dry the raw material. Then, the raw material was crushed in an alumina mortar and passed through a sieve having an opening of 500 μm.

原料を成型金型に入れ、一軸加圧成型機を用いて金型に30MPaの圧力を印加して、粉末の成型体を得た。この成型体をビニル袋に真空封止したのち、冷間等方加圧装置を用いて294MPaの圧力を印加して、さらに押し固めた。 The raw material was placed in a molding die, and a pressure of 30 MPa was applied to the die using a uniaxial pressure molding machine to obtain a powdered molded product. After vacuum-sealing this molded product in a vinyl bag, a pressure of 294 MPa was applied using a cold isotropic pressurizing device to further compact the molded product.

成型体を、2%の水素を含む窒素雰囲気下にて1700℃で6時間熱処理し(焼成し)、試料1~試料6のセラミック蛍光材料を得た。 The molded product was heat-treated (calcined) at 1700 ° C. for 6 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere containing 2% hydrogen to obtain ceramic fluorescent materials of Samples 1 to 6.

[実験例2]
素原料として、Lu(純度5N)、Y(純度5N)、CeO(純度4N)、Al(純度5N)を用意し、表2の組成で秤量し、実験例1と同様に試料7~試料11のセラミック蛍光材料を得た。
[Experimental Example 2]
Lu 2 O 3 (purity 5N), Y 2 O 3 (purity 5N), CeO 2 (purity 4N), and Al 2 O 3 (purity 5N) were prepared as raw materials, weighed according to the composition shown in Table 2, and experimented. Ceramic fluorescent materials of Samples 7 to 11 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

Figure 2022103225000003
Figure 2022103225000003

[特性の測定]
作製した試料1~11の蛍光の減衰時定数τを求めた。パルスX線管を用い、30kVの管電圧でX線を発生させ、試料1~11にX線を照射し、X線の照射停止後、発光強度が1/eに減衰するまでの時間を減衰時定数τとして求めた。蛍光の測定には、浜松ホトニクス製蛍光寿命測定器のQuantaurus-τ(Quantaurus-Tau)を用いた。試料1~6のCeの組成xと減衰時定数τとの関係を図1に示す。また、試料7~11のLuの組成yと減衰時定数τとの関係を図2に示す。
[Measurement of characteristics]
The decay time constant τ of the fluorescence of the prepared samples 1 to 11 was obtained. Using a pulsed X-ray tube, X-rays are generated at a tube voltage of 30 kV, X-rays are irradiated to samples 1 to 11, and the time until the emission intensity is attenuated to 1 / e after the X-ray irradiation is stopped is attenuated. It was calculated as the time constant τ. For the measurement of fluorescence, Quantaurus-τ (Quantaurus-Tau), which is a fluorescence lifetime measuring instrument manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, was used. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the composition x of Ce of the samples 1 to 6 and the decay time constant τ. Further, FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the composition y of Lu of the samples 7 to 11 and the decay time constant τ.

試料3の粉末X線回折スペクトルを測定した。結果を図3(a)および(b)に示す。比較のため、焼成時の雰囲気が、大気又は酸素雰囲気であることを除いて実験例1の試料3と同じ条件で作成した試料の粉末X線回折スペクトルを合わせて示す。 The powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of Sample 3 was measured. The results are shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). For comparison, the powder X-ray diffraction spectra of the sample prepared under the same conditions as the sample 3 of Experimental Example 1 are also shown except that the atmosphere at the time of firing is the atmosphere or the oxygen atmosphere.

酸素雰囲気で焼成した試料、大気雰囲気で焼成した試料および試料3について、組織のSEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)観察をJEOL製のJSM-7001Fを用いて行った。5000倍で観察したBSE(Backscattered electron)像を図4(a)~(c)に示す。図5(a)~(c)は、図4と同じ領域において、EDX法(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)によってCe元素を分析したCe元素マッピングの結果を示す。また、図6(a)~(c)は、図5(a)~(c)に二値化処理を行い、黒色で示したCeO相の領域を示す。断面におけるCeO相の領域割合を表3に示す。 For the sample fired in an oxygen atmosphere, the sample fired in an air atmosphere, and the sample 3, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) observation of the structure was performed using JSM-7001F manufactured by JEOL. BSE (Backscattered electron) images observed at 5000 times are shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c). 5 (a) to 5 (c) show the results of Ce element mapping in which Ce elements were analyzed by the EDX method (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) in the same region as in FIG. Further, FIGS. 6A to 6C show a region of the CeO2 phase shown in black after binarization processing is performed in FIGS. 5A to 5C. Table 3 shows the region ratio of the CeO 2 phase in the cross section.

Figure 2022103225000004
Figure 2022103225000004

[考察]
図1に示すように、一般式(1)で示されるセラミック蛍光材料において、Ceの添加量が増えるに従い、減衰時定数τは短くなることが分かる。図1において、単結晶のCeープYAPの減衰時定数τを測定し、合わせて示した。Ceの量xが、0.001以上であれば、減衰時定数τを35ns程度以下にすることができることが分かった。また、Ceの量xが、0.006以上であれば、減衰時定数τは約20ns以下になり、xが0.01以上であれば、減衰時定数τは約15ns以下になることが分かった。
[Discussion]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the ceramic fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1), it can be seen that the decay time constant τ becomes shorter as the amount of Ce added increases. In FIG. 1, the decay time constant τ of the single crystal Cepe YAP was measured and shown together. It was found that if the amount x of Ce is 0.001 or more, the attenuation time constant τ can be set to about 35 ns or less. Further, it was found that when the amount x of Ce is 0.006 or more, the attenuation time constant τ is about 20 ns or less, and when x is 0.01 or more, the attenuation time constant τ is about 15 ns or less. rice field.

図2に示すように、一般式(1)で示されるセラミック蛍光材料において、Luの量yが増えるに従い、減衰時定数τはわずかに短くなる傾向にあるが、Luの量によって減衰時定数τは大きくは変化しないことが分かる。これは、上述したように、減衰時定数τは、Ceが添加される母材にはあまり影響されず、主として発光元素に依存することを示していると考えられる。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the ceramic fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1), the decay time constant τ tends to be slightly shorter as the amount y of Lu increases, but the decay time constant τ tends to be slightly shorter depending on the amount of Lu. It can be seen that does not change significantly. This is considered to indicate that, as described above, the decay time constant τ is not significantly affected by the base material to which Ce is added, and is mainly dependent on the luminescent element.

したがって、例えば、減衰時定数τをあまり変化させずに、Luの量を異ならせて、セラミック蛍光材料の有効原子番号を調節することができる。 Therefore, for example, the effective atomic number of the ceramic fluorescent material can be adjusted by changing the amount of Lu without changing the decay time constant τ so much.

図3(a)は、作製した試料3の粉末X線回折スペクトルを示し、(b)はその一部を拡大して示している。34.5°付近にCe0.030.97AlOに由来する大きなピークがみられる(ペロブスカイト構造を同定)。図3(a)および(b)に示すように、酸素雰囲気下又は大気雰囲気下で作成した試料には、28.2℃付近にCeOに由来するピークがみられるのに対し、還元雰囲気で作製した試料3には、このピークは見られない。これらの結果から、本開示のセラミック蛍光材料を作製する際には、還元雰囲気で焼結を行うことが重要であること、還元雰囲気で焼結を行うことによって、高い濃度でCeをYAPに固溶させることができることが分かる。 FIG. 3A shows a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the prepared sample 3, and FIG. 3B shows a part thereof in an enlarged manner. A large peak derived from Ce 0.03 Y 0.97 AlO 3 is observed near 34.5 ° (identify the perovskite structure). As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the sample prepared under an oxygen atmosphere or an atmospheric atmosphere has a peak derived from CeO 2 at around 28.2 ° C., whereas a peak derived from CeO 2 is observed in a reducing atmosphere. This peak is not seen in the prepared sample 3. From these results, it is important to perform sintering in a reducing atmosphere when producing the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure, and by performing sintering in a reducing atmosphere, Ce is solidified into YAP at a high concentration. It turns out that it can be melted.

図4(a)~(c)において、白色で示される領域は、一般式(1)で示される組成の相の粒界に析出したCeO相と考えられる。この図に示すように、焼成時の雰囲気に酸素が含まれるほど、CeOが主相に固溶せず、大きな異相として存在していることが分かる。これに対し、還元性雰囲気で焼成した実施例の試料3では、CeO相は小さい。なお、図4(a)~(c)において、主相およびCeO相以外に、ガーネット相(主相より濃い領域)および気孔(黒)等が、示されていると考えられる。 In FIGS. 4A to 4C, the region shown in white is considered to be the CeO2 phase precipitated at the grain boundaries of the phase having the composition represented by the general formula (1). As shown in this figure, it can be seen that the more oxygen is contained in the atmosphere at the time of firing, the more CeO 2 does not dissolve in the main phase and exists as a large different phase. On the other hand, in the sample 3 of the example fired in a reducing atmosphere, the CeO 2 phase is small. In addition, in FIGS. 4A to 4C, it is considered that a garnet phase (a region darker than the main phase), pores (black) and the like are shown in addition to the main phase and the CeO2 phase.

表3に示すように、作成した試料3の観察した断面におけるCeO相の面積は、0.01%であり、主相に固溶しなかったCeOはごくわずかである。これに対し、酸素雰囲気で焼成した試料では、CeOの還元が十分には進まなかったため、主相に固溶しにくく、CeOとして残っていると考えられる。本開示のセラミック蛍光材料によれば、断面のBSE像におけるCeO相の領域の割合は、約0.5%以下である。 As shown in Table 3, the area of the CeO 2 phase in the observed cross section of the prepared sample 3 is 0.01%, and the amount of CeO 2 that did not dissolve in the main phase is very small. On the other hand, in the sample calcined in an oxygen atmosphere, the reduction of CeO 2 did not proceed sufficiently, so that it is difficult to dissolve in the main phase and it is considered that it remains as CeO 2 . According to the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure, the proportion of the region of the CeO2 phase in the BSE image of the cross section is about 0.5% or less.

以上の結果から、本開示のセラミック蛍光材料によれば、一般式(1)の組成を有することにより、減衰時定数τが小さく、フォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に使用可能な蛍光材料を得ることが確認できた。 From the above results, according to the ceramic fluorescent material of the present disclosure, a fluorescent material having the composition of the general formula (1), which has a small attenuation time constant τ and can be used for a photon counting type radiation detector, can be obtained. Was confirmed.

本開示のセラミック蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器、並びにセラミック蛍光材料の製造方法は、種々の用途の蛍光材料、シンチレータおよび放射線検出器に好適に用いられ、例えば、放射線画像システム用のフォトンカウンティング型の放射線検出器に好適に用いられる。


The ceramic fluorescent materials, scintillators and radiation detectors of the present disclosure, as well as methods of making ceramic fluorescent materials, are suitably used for fluorescent materials, scintillators and radiation detectors for a variety of applications, such as photon counting for radiographic imaging systems. Suitable for type radiation detectors.


Claims (10)

Ce(Y1-yLu1-xAlOで表される組成を有する主成分を含み、前記x、yが
0.001≦x<1
0≦y≦1
を満足する蛍光材料を含む、減衰時定数τが35ns以下である、セラミックシンチレータ。
Ce x (Y 1-y Lu y ) 1-x Contains a main component having a composition represented by AlO 3 , and x and y are 0.001 ≦ x <1.
0 ≦ y ≦ 1
A ceramic scintillator having a decay time constant τ of 35 ns or less, which comprises a fluorescent material satisfying the above.
前記主成分はペロブスカイト構造を有し、Ceを発光元素とする蛍光体であり、
前記蛍光材料は、Ce、Y、LuおよびAlの合計量に対して、
Ceを0.05原子%以上50原子%未満、
Yを0原子%以上49.95原子%以下、
Luを0原子%以上49.5原子%以下、
かつ、
Ce、YおよびLuの合計を50原子%、および
Alを50原子%、の割合で含む、請求項1に記載のセラミックシンチレータ。
The main component is a phosphor having a perovskite structure and using Ce as a light emitting element.
The fluorescent material is based on the total amount of Ce, Y, Lu and Al.
Ce is 0.05 atomic% or more and less than 50 atomic%,
Y is 0 atomic% or more and 49.95 atomic% or less,
Lu is 0 atomic% or more and 49.5 atomic% or less,
And,
The ceramic scintillator according to claim 1, wherein the total of Ce, Y and Lu is contained in a ratio of 50 atomic%, and Al is contained in a ratio of 50 atomic%.
前記セラミックシンチレータは、95質量%以上の割合で、前記主成分を含む、請求項1に記載のセラミックシンチレータ。 The ceramic scintillator according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic scintillator contains the main component in a proportion of 95% by mass or more. 前記xは、
0.006≦x<1
を満足する請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のセラミックシンチレータ。
The x is
0.006 ≤ x <1
The ceramic scintillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
前記xは、
0.01≦x≦0.1
を満足する請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のセラミックシンチレータ。
The x is
0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.1
The ceramic scintillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
前記yは、
0<y<0.5
を満足する請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のセラミックシンチレータ。
The y is
0 <y <0.5
The ceramic scintillator according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
前記yは、
0.0003≦y≦0.01
を満足する請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のセラミックシンチレータ。
The y is
0.0003 ≤ y ≤ 0.01
The ceramic scintillator according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
前記yは、
0.4≦y≦0.6
を満足する請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のセラミックシンチレータ。
The y is
0.4 ≤ y ≤ 0.6
The ceramic scintillator according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
請求項1から8のいずれかに記載のセラミックシンチレータであって、相対密度が99%以上であるセラミックシンチレータ。 The ceramic scintillator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ceramic scintillator has a relative density of 99% or more. 請求項9に記載のセラミックシンチレータと、
光を電気信号、電流値または電圧値のいずれかに変換する光電変換素子と
を備えた放射線検出器。


The ceramic scintillator according to claim 9,
A radiation detector with a photoelectric conversion element that converts light into either an electrical signal, a current value or a voltage value.


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