JP2022062285A - Battery exchange system, power supply device and battery exchange program - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a battery exchange system, a power supply device and a battery exchange program which shorten a battery exchange operation.SOLUTION: A battery exchange system for exchanging a plurality of battery packs includes integration BMS13 which gains SOC of a battery unit 12, a necessary battery capacity calculation part which calculates a necessary battery capacity based on a travel plan of an electrically-driven bus and an instruction information preparation part which prepares battery pack exchange instruction information for exhibiting a substitute battery pack for supplying an insufficient battery capacity and the battery pack of an exchange object, based on residual quantity of battery based on the battery packs 121A to 121D and SOC of the battery 12, and the necessary battery capacity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a battery replacement system, a power supply and a battery replacement program.

In an electric vehicle that runs on the installed battery as a power source, the remaining battery level is monitored to manage the battery status. For example, "Prior Patent Document 1" describes that the battery is charged to a full charge when the remaining battery level becomes a predetermined value or less for the next running.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-48184

However, if the remaining capacity of the battery is small, it takes a long time to fully charge the battery. Therefore, the vehicle cannot be started until the battery is fully charged. In particular, for fixed-route buses used in public transportation, the bus operating company manages the operation of multiple buses, and if it is not possible to start due to charging, it is necessary to arrange an alternative vehicle.

(1) The electric vehicle includes a battery unit having a plurality of battery packs, a traveling electric drive device driven by electric power from the battery units, and at least one of the plurality of battery packs. When the remaining battery level of the battery pack in use and the switch connected to the battery pack falls below a predetermined threshold value, at least one other battery pack whose battery capacity exceeds the predetermined threshold value is connected to the traveling electric drive device. A control unit for controlling the switch is provided.

(2) The battery replacement system is a battery replacement system in which the electric vehicle and information processing are connected by a network in order to partially replace a plurality of battery packs of the traveling drive battery unit mounted on the electric vehicle. Therefore, an acquisition unit for acquiring the state information of the battery unit, a required battery capacity calculation unit for calculating the required battery capacity based on the operation plan of the electric vehicle, and a battery remaining amount and the necessary amount based on the state information. It is provided with an alternative battery pack for supplementing the insufficient battery capacity and an instruction information generation unit for generating battery pack replacement instruction information indicating the battery pack to be replaced based on the battery capacity.
(3) The battery replacement system of the above (2) further calculates the specifications of the alternative battery pack for compensating for the insufficient battery capacity based on the remaining battery level based on the state information and the required battery capacity. Further, the battery pack replacement instruction information includes the minimum remaining battery level required by the alternative battery pack.

(4) The power supply device is provided between a battery unit in which a plurality of battery packs are detachably provided and power is supplied to the traveling electric drive device, and between the plurality of battery packs and the traveling electric drive device. When the battery level of the switch for connecting at least one of the plurality of battery packs to the electric driving device for traveling and the battery pack connected to the electric driving device for traveling becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, at least the other It is provided with a control unit that controls the switching device so as to connect one of the battery packs to the traveling electric drive device.
(5) The power supply device according to (4) is attached and detached in two states: a use state in which the plurality of battery packs are restrained by a restraint member inside the housing, and a replacement state in which the restraint by the restraint member is released. It has a mechanism.
(6) The power supply device of the above (5) acquires the state information of a plurality of the battery packs, and calculates the state information of the battery unit as a whole based on the state information of the plurality of the battery packs. It has an information calculation unit, and outputs the state information of a plurality of the battery packs and the state information of the battery unit as a whole to the outside.
(7) The power supply device of (6) is modularized by integrally assembling the battery unit, the battery unit status information calculation unit, and the switch.

(8) The battery replacement program is a battery replacement program for a battery unit for an electric vehicle configured so that a plurality of battery packs are individually attached and detached, and the battery from the electric vehicle operating based on an operation plan. Acquiring the state information regarding the battery capacity of the unit, calculating the required battery capacity based on the operation plan of the electric vehicle, and the remaining battery level and the required battery capacity based on the state information of the battery pack. Based on this, the computer is made to perform a process including generating a battery pack replacement instruction information indicating an alternative battery pack for supplementing the insufficient battery capacity and a battery pack to be replaced.
(9) In the battery replacement program of the above (8), as a process executed by the computer, further, to make up for the insufficient battery capacity based on the remaining battery level based on the battery status information and the required battery capacity. The battery pack replacement instruction information includes calculating the specifications of the alternative battery pack, and indicates the minimum remaining battery level required by the alternative battery pack.

According to the electric vehicle of the first invention, a plurality of battery packs of the battery unit can be replaced, the vehicle runs using a part of the electric power of the plurality of battery packs, and the remaining amount of some battery packs is predetermined. When it falls below the threshold, it switches to another battery pack and runs, so if the battery level is insufficient, only a part of the battery pack can be replaced. As a result, the replacement work time can be shortened as compared with the case of charging the battery or replacing all the battery units.
According to the power supply device of the second invention, it can be suitably incorporated as a power source of the electric vehicle of the first invention.
According to the battery replacement system of the third invention and the battery replacement program of the fourth invention, the first
The battery pack in the power supply device of the second invention mounted on the electric vehicle of the present invention can be replaced quickly.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery replacement system of one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an in-vehicle system mounted on a bus according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery unit according to an embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a management center of one embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an operation plan information table stored in the database of the management center shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a battery replacement management table stored in the database of the management center shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a base center installed in a vehicle base of one embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a battery pack SOC transition that decreases according to an operation plan in the battery replacement system of one embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a battery control process during traveling drive in the vehicle control device of one embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a battery replacement process in the vehicle control device of one embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Outline of embodiment)
First, the outline of the embodiment will be described.
The electric bus is equipped with a battery unit that allows multiple battery packs to be replaced individually. Do not drive the traction motor with the power of all battery packs, but drive the traction motor with the power of one of the battery packs. When the remaining battery capacity of the battery pack in use becomes equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value, the battery pack is switched to another battery pack having a battery capacity exceeding the predetermined threshold value to continue running. The electric bus operates on multiple routes. If the battery capacity required for the next line is insufficient at the end of the operation of the first line, use a battery pack below the predetermined threshold of the battery unit so that the battery capacity is required for the battery unit before the operation of the next line starts. Remove and replace with a replacement battery pack that exceeds the specified threshold.
In this specification, SOC (SOC) is used as battery pack status information and battery unit status information.
State of Charge) will be used for explanation.

-First Embodiment-
(Battery replacement system)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery replacement system of the present embodiment.
The battery exchange system of the embodiment is a system for a bus operating company (hereinafter referred to as a bus company) that uses a plurality of electric vehicles as a route bus to manage the batteries of the electric bus. The battery exchange system has a route bus (hereinafter referred to as a bus) 10, a management center 20 managed by the bus company, and a base center 30 installed at the depot of the bus company, which are connected by a network 96. ing. Then, the bus 10 communicates with the management center 20 via the radio base station 95 and the network 96.

FIG. 2 shows an in-vehicle system mounted on the bus 10. The in-vehicle system includes a traveling drive device 11 for driving the bus 10 and a battery unit 12 for supplying electric power to the traveling drive device 11.
Integrated battery management system (hereinafter referred to as integrated BMS) 13, switch 14 and
In order to manage the traveling drive device 11 and the battery unit 12, the vehicle control device 15 that controls the entire vehicle, the position detection device 16 such as a GPS sensor that detects the vehicle position, and the network to exchange various information. It has a communication device 17 of the above.
An in-vehicle system will be described with reference to FIG.

(Battery unit 12)
The battery unit 12 includes a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D (hereinafter, representative reference numerals 121).
The battery packs 121A to 121D include battery management systems 122A to 122D (hereinafter referred to as battery packs BMS, designated by reference numeral 122) that monitor and manage the battery status.

(Battery pack BMS122)
A battery pack BMS122 is mounted on each of the battery packs 121, and the battery pack 12 is mounted.
Monitor and manage the battery status of 1. The battery pack BMS 122 detects the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of a plurality of unit batteries in the battery pack, and calculates the SOC of the battery pack 121 based on the total voltage, input / output current, temperature, etc. of the plurality of unit batteries. This SOC is output to the integrated BMS 13 together with the ID of the battery pack 121. The battery pack BMS 122 also performs averaging control so that each unit battery has an average SOC.

The battery unit 12 will be further described with reference to FIG. Multiple battery packs 121A-12
1D is juxtaposed in the housing 125. Each battery pack 121 contains a plurality of unit batteries (hereinafter, also referred to as cells) 121 cells, and the rated capacity of 40 kWh is realized by the plurality of unit batteries 121 cells, for example. In the embodiment, the capacity required for the bus 10 to travel on one line is 160 kWh, and four battery packs 121A to 121D are mounted.
An identifier (hereinafter referred to as a battery pack ID) is assigned to the four battery packs 121. A battery pack ID is uniquely assigned to all battery packs 121 owned by the bus company. Therefore, the battery state of 121 of each battery pack can be grasped by the battery pack ID.

An electromagnetic restraint member 126 is provided in the upper part of the inside of the housing 125, and a terminal portion 127 is provided in the lower part. As shown in FIG. 3C, the battery pack 121 outputs various information such as the positive electrode terminal 123P and the negative electrode terminal 123N and the cell voltage, cell current, and temperature monitored by the battery pack BMS 122 on the bottom surface thereof. It is equipped with a communication terminal 123I.

The electromagnetic restraining member 126 is always urged above the housing 125 and is located in the accommodating portion 128. The electromagnetic restraining member 126 moves downward against the urging force by a solenoid (not shown), and presses the battery pack 121 below the housing 125. The drive control of the restraint member 126, that is, the drive control of the solenoid is performed via the integrated BMS 13. For example, a replacement tool for replacing the battery pack is connected to the battery unit 12, and the operation of this tool controls the voltage applied to the solenoid to output a command to push down or push up the restraint member 126. When the restraint member 126 is pressed downward by an electromagnetic force, the positive / negative terminals 123P, 123N and the information / communication terminal 123I on the lower surface of the battery pack 121 are provided with positive / negative terminals 127P for input / output provided at the bottom of the battery housing 125. It is electrically connected to 127N and the communication terminal 127I.
The terminal portion 127 is provided at the lower part inside the housing 125. The terminal 123 and the terminal portion 127 are
One has a convex shape and the other has a concave shape. By adopting such a terminal fitting structure, when the battery pack 121 is pressed against the bottom of the housing 125 by the restraining member 126,
It is possible to prevent the battery pack 121 from moving or shifting in a plane orthogonal to the height direction of the battery pack 121. The terminal portion 127 is configured to be connected to a harness connected to an inverter or the like outside the housing.

FIG. 3A shows the battery unit 12 as seen from the back side of the bus 10. FIG. 3 (b)
The handle 129 is formed so as to allow a rod-shaped battery pack attachment / detachment jig to pass from the back surface of the bus. Attach the battery pack attachment / detachment jig to the tip of the fork of the forklift and attach the battery pack 1
By performing the replacement work of 21, the burden on the operator when handling a heavy battery pack can be reduced.

(Switcher 14)
The switch 14 selectively connects any one of the battery packs 121 to the traveling drive device 11, and switches according to an instruction from the integrated BMS 13. The switch 14 is, for example, a group of relay switches, and has relay contacts 14A to 14D provided between the input / output terminals 127P and 127N of the battery housing 125 and the traveling drive device 11. Relay contacts 14A-14
When all D's are opened, the battery unit 12 is cut off from the inverter 112. One battery pack 12 is used by closing any one of the four relay contacts 14A to 14D. When disconnecting the battery unit 12 from the inverter 111, all relay contacts 14A to 14D are opened.

(Integrated BMS13)
The integrated BMS 13 receives the SOCs of each of the four battery packs 121 as pack SOCs, and uses these four pack SOCs to calculate the unit SOC of the battery unit 12. An identifier (hereinafter referred to as an integrated ID) is uniquely assigned to the integrated BMS 13. The integrated BMS 13 transmits the SOC of the battery unit 12 calculated by the integrated BMS 13 to the management center 20 via the communication device 17 together with the ID of the battery unit 12. Further, the integrated BMS 13 receives the pack SOC received from each battery pack 121 in those battery packs 121.
Is transmitted to the management center 20 via the communication device 17 together with the ID of. In addition, integrated BMS
13 transmits the ID of the battery pack selected by the switch 14 to the management center 20 via the communication device 17.
These information are written in the battery replacement management table 222 (see FIG. 6), which will be described later.
The timing at which the communication device 17 transmits various information to the management center 20 is, for example, the time when the communication device 17 passes through the bus stop. It may be set to transmit every time the bus travels a predetermined distance (unit distance).

The integrated BMS 13 monitors the SOCs of the four battery packs 121A to 121D, and when the SOC of the battery pack 121 in use reaches a predetermined threshold value or less, the integrated BMS 13 switches to the switch 14 according to a predetermined battery pack switching order. A signal is transmitted to switch the battery pack 121. For example, the battery packs 121A, 121B, 121C, and 121D are switched in this order.
In this way, multiple battery packs are used one by one for driving drive power, and when the SOC of the battery pack in use falls below a predetermined threshold value, the batteries are switched to other battery packs in a predetermined order. While driving, you don't need to know how much battery pack you have left.
Predict which battery pack is being used at the end of operation on one line, continue to use the predicted battery pack at the start of operation on the next line, and switch battery packs in a predetermined order. ..
The battery unit 12 including the BMS 122, the switch 14, and the integrated BMS 13 are preferably mounted in one housing as a modularized power supply device 50. The modularized power supply device 50 has good assembleability when mounted on the bus 10.

(Traveling drive device 11)
Referring to FIG. 2, the traveling drive device 11 includes a traveling electric motor 111 and an electric motor 11.
It has an inverter 112 that supplies the electric power required for 1 and a motor controller 113 that drives the inverter 112 by an inverter drive signal received from the vehicle control device 15. A current sensor (not shown) detects the motor current, and a voltage sensor (not shown) detects the voltage applied to the motor. The motor controller 113 transmits these current detection signals and voltage detection signals to the vehicle control device 15 and the integrated BMS 13. The vehicle control device 15 drives and controls the motor 111 by these detection signals.
The battery level (SOC) can be calculated based on the integrated value of the current detection signal and the voltage detection signal.

(Vehicle control device 15)
The vehicle control device 15 receives various information related to driving from various sensors (not shown) such as a sensor for detecting the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal and a sensor for detecting the amount of depression of the brake pedal, and calculates the required driving torque as a torque command. .. The vehicle control device 15 supplies the calculated torque command to the motor controller 113. The motor controller 113 is
An inverter drive signal corresponding to the input torque command is generated to drive the inverter 112. As a result, the motor 111 is driven so as to output the required traveling drive torque. The vehicle control device 15 inputs a motor current and a motor applied voltage from the motor controller 113 to calculate an actual torque, and drives and controls the inverter 112 based on the difference between the torque command and the actual torque.

The vehicle control device 15 is also input with the position information of the bus from time to time from the position detection device 16. The position detection device 16 calculates the position of the own vehicle based on a plurality of signals received from, for example, a plurality of GPS satellites, and supplies the position to the vehicle control device 15. The vehicle control device 15 is a communication device 17.
The position of the own vehicle is transmitted to the management center 20 together with the bus ID. Further, these information are written in the battery replacement information table 222 of FIG.

(Management Center 20)
The configuration of the management center 20 will be described with reference to FIG.
The management center 20 includes a server 21 that performs various arithmetic processes for operation management of the route bus 10 and battery management of the route bus 10, an operation plan information of the route bus 10, a database 22 for battery replacement management, and a communication interface 23. It is equipped with.
The server 21 includes an SOC acquisition unit 21A that receives the SOC of the battery unit 12 from the integrated BMS 3, and a battery capacity calculation unit 21B that calculates the battery capacity required for the next route, which will be described in detail later.
It has a battery pack replacement instruction information generating unit 21C for instructing the specifications of the alternative battery pack and the battery pack to be replaced.
The database 22 has a route bus operation plan information table 221 (see FIG. 5) managed by the management center 20 and a battery replacement management table 222 (see FIG. 6) for each bus ID. The communication interface 23 is a server 31 of the bus 10 and the depot center 30 (
(See FIG. 7) and communicates via the communication network. The operation plan information table is shown in FIG. 5, and the battery replacement management table is shown in FIG.

(Operation plan information table)
In the operation plan information table 221 shown in FIG. 5, various information of a plurality of routes managed by the management center 20 is input. For example, as the route name "Large 01", the name of the vehicle base where the bus departs, the names of multiple stops between the departure point and the end point, the name of the vehicle base where the bus returns, and the ID of the operating bus are input. ing. The name of the starting station, the name of the ending station, the estimated time of arrival at each point, and the traveling load between the points of the line name "Dai 01" are also stored in the operation plan information table 221. The traveling load is an output WH required when traveling in the section. The output WH is also called the expected consumption.

In FIG. 5, four route names of "Large 01", "Horizontal 02", "Small 03", and "Hama 04" are shown, and the routes "Large 01" and "Small 03" are operated by the bus ID0001. , Lines "horizontal 02" and "
"Hama 04" is operated by a bus with ID0002. In the following description, the battery pack replacement process will be described when the ID0001 bus operates on the route "Large 01" and then operates on the "Small 03".

(Battery replacement management table)
The battery replacement management table 222 shown in FIG. 6 has the following information for each route name operated by a specific bus ID.
(1) Battery capacity required to operate the route
(2) Location information of buses operating on the route (information on arrival stations)
(3) SOC showing the remaining capacity of each battery pack at each arrival station, and SOC information including the remaining capacity Wh of each battery pack.
(4) Battery pack ID used at the start of operation
(5) Battery pack ID used at the end of operation

The SOC information of the battery replacement management table 222 is shown by an example in which the route is updated every time the bus 10 passes a predetermined point, for example, every time the bus 10 passes a stop. But bus 10
The position information at each moment and the SOC at that time may be paired and updated every time the route passes through any point.

(Vehicle base center 30)
The configuration of the depot center 30 will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
The depot center 30 receives the battery replacement instruction information transmitted from the management center 20 and executes a process related to replacement battery pack replacement, and a display device that visualizes the battery replacement instruction information transmitted from the server 31. It has 32, a communication interface 33 that communicates with the bus 10 and the management center 20 via a communication network. Display device 32
Is installed in the battery replacement work place, and the worker has the battery capacity required to operate the next route by the time the route bus returns according to the battery replacement instruction displayed on the display device 32. Prepare one or more battery packs 121.

(Battery pack replacement process)
The server 21 of the management center 20 refers to the operation plan information table 221 and the battery replacement management table 222, and refers to the battery unit 12 at the time when the route bus finishes the operation of one line and arrives at the depot center 30. Estimate the SOC. The server 21 of the management center 20 receives the SOC of the battery unit 12 and each battery pack 1 received when the bus 10 passes the terminal station.
Based on the SOC of 21, the remaining battery level of the bus 10 at the terminal station is calculated. For the battery capacity consumed from the terminal station to the depot center 30, refer to the operation plan information table 221.
It is preset as the expected consumption amount to be consumed when traveling from the terminal station to the depot center 30. Battery pack 121 when the SOC, which is obtained by subtracting the expected consumption of the above operation plan information table 221 from the remaining battery level when passing through the terminal station, arrives at the depot center 30.
Estimated to be C SOC.

The server 21 of the management center 20 of FIG. 4 reads the battery capacity required for the route of the next operation plan of the bus 10 based on the operation plan information table 221. Compare this required battery capacity with the estimated battery level based on the SOC of the battery pack 121 and the battery unit 12, and if there is a shortage, prepare an alternative battery pack 121 charged with the battery capacity to compensate for the shortage. Create battery replacement instruction information to instruct the operator.
The battery replacement instruction information is, for example,
"Currently, bus 10 of ID0001, which is operating on the route" Large 01 ", returns to the depot center 30 at around 11:15, and operates the next route" Small 030 "at around 11:45. The depot center 30 is started to start. Replace the battery pack 121C of this bus 10 with a fully charged alternative battery pack 121. "
It is the contents such as.

Upon receiving the battery replacement instruction information, the base server 31 notifies the battery replacement worker of the battery replacement instruction information. The worker of the depot center 30 prepares a battery pack (referred to as an alternative battery pack) to be replaced within the time until the route bus 10 returns, based on the battery replacement instruction information. The battery replacement instruction information includes the identification of the battery pack 121 to be replaced and the battery capacity of the alternative battery pack of the battery pack. Therefore, the route bus 10 is the depot center 3
By the time it returns to zero, the operator prepares an alternative battery pack.
When the route bus returns to the depot center 30, within the time until the start of operation of the next route,
The operator refers to the battery replacement instruction information of the display device 32 from the inside of the battery unit 12 housing.
The battery pack 121 to be replaced is removed, and the alternative battery pack 1 prepared in advance
21 is attached.

(Specific example of battery pack replacement processing procedure)
A processing procedure for replacing the battery pack at the depot center 30 will be described with reference to specific examples.
For example, the following conditions will be described.
(I) The order of use of the battery pack is as follows: battery pack 121A → 121B → 121C → 121D →
It is 121A, and the switching order after that is the same.
(Ii) At the time of passing the stop at the end point, the battery packs 121A and 121B are already below the predetermined threshold value on the route currently in operation, and the battery pack 121C is used. Further, the battery pack 121D is fully charged. For the sake of simplicity, the SOC of the battery pack 121 below a predetermined threshold is set to 0%, and the SOC of the fully charged battery pack 121 is set to 100%.
(Iii) The battery pack 1 that was last used when the bus 10 returned to the depot center 30.
The SOC of the estimated SOC (ES) of 21C and the SOC of the difference up to a predetermined threshold value is defined as SOC (DEF), and the SOC of the battery pack 121D, which is the next order of use, is defined as SOC (D).
(iv) It is assumed that the total SOC (ES + D) of SOC (ES) + SOC (D) is smaller than the SOC (NEXT) corresponding to the battery capacity required for the next line. That is, the battery capacity SOC (NEEDED) in which the difference between the SOC (NEXT) and the SOC (ES + D) is insufficient.
(v) Insufficient battery capacity SOC (NEEDED) is the fully charged capacity SO of the battery pack 121.
It is assumed that it is smaller than C (MAX).

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the above conditions more specifically.
In FIG. 8, the bus 10 of the bus ID 0001 starts the operation of the route "large 01", and the route "large 01" is shown.
After the operation of "Small 03" is completed, the train returns to the depot center 30, and after the battery pack is replaced, the operation of the line "Small 03" is started.
The transition of the battery capacity of the battery pack while returning to the vehicle is shown.

(I) As shown in FIG. 8A, the line "Large 01" has stops BS1 to BS4, and the required battery capacity is 2.5 in terms of battery pack. Line "Small 03" stops BS11-BS1
There is 3, and the required battery capacity is 3.0 in terms of battery pack.

The description will be continued with reference to FIG. 8 (b). The number at the top of the battery unit 12 is a value obtained by converting the remaining battery level by the number of battery packs.
(II) Four battery packs 121A to 1 of the battery unit 12 at the start of operation of the line "Large 01"
All 21D battery capacities are 100% fully charged.
(III) The battery capacity of the four battery packs 121A to 121D when reaching the stop BS1 is 80% for the battery packs 121A and 100% for the other three battery packs 121B to 121D.
Is fully charged.
(IV) When the bus stop BS2 is reached, the battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D are 50% for the battery packs 121A, and 100% for the other three battery packs 121B to 121D.
(V) The battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D when reaching the bus stop BS3 are 0% for the battery pack 121A, 70% for the battery pack 121B, and the other two battery packs 12.
1C and 121D are 100% fully charged.
(VI) The battery capacity of the four battery packs 121A to 121D when reaching the stop BS4 is 2.
One battery pack 121A and 121B is 0%, battery pack 121C is 80%, battery pack 1
21D is 100% fully charged.

(VII) When the vehicle base center 30 is reached, the battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D are 0% for the two battery packs 121A and 121B, 50% for the battery pack 121C, and 100% for the battery pack 121D. Is. That is, the remaining capacity is 1.5 battery packs. The remaining capacity is a value estimated before the bus 10 returns to the depot center 30.

The battery capacity required for the route "Small 03" is 3.0 in terms of battery pack, but the route "Large 01"
The estimated battery level of the battery unit 12 at the end of operation is 1.5 in terms of battery pack.
There is a shortage of 1.5 battery packs. Therefore, in this embodiment, the battery packs 121A and 121B are combined with the two alternative battery packs 121AC and 1 having a battery capacity of 100%, with a margin.
It will be replaced with 21BC. The battery pack equivalent remaining capacity at the start of operation of the line "Small 03" is 3.5.

In the embodiment, before the bus 10 of the bus ID 0001 returns to the depot center 30, the remaining battery level of the battery unit 12 at the end of the operation of the route "large 01" is set in the battery pack 121C as described above. It is estimated that the remaining battery level is 50% and the remaining battery level of the battery pack 121D is 100%, and the difference from the battery capacity required for the next line "small 03" can be quickly calculated.

(VIII) Four battery packs 121A of the battery unit 12 at the start of operation of the line "Small 03"
The battery capacity of 121D is 100% when the battery packs 121A and 121B are fully charged.
The battery pack 121C used at the end of the operation of "1" is 50%, and the battery pack 121D is 1.
It is 00%. This is 3.5 in terms of battery pack.
(IX) When the bus stop BS11 is reached, the battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D are 0% for the battery pack 121C, and 100% for the other three battery packs 121A, 121B, 121D.
(X) The battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D when reaching the stop BS12 are 100% for the battery packs 121A and 121B, 0% for the battery pack 121C, and the battery pack 12
1D is 20%.
(XI) The battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D when reaching the stop BS13 are 50% for the battery pack 121A, 100% for the battery pack 121B, and 0% for the other two battery packs 121C and 121D.
(XII) When the vehicle base center 30 is reached, the battery capacities of the four battery packs 121A to 121D are 0% for the three battery packs 121A, 121B, 121d and 50% for the battery pack 121B. That is, the remaining capacity at the end of the operation of the line "Small 03" is 0 in terms of battery pack.
There are five.

Under the above conditions (I) to (XII), the battery pack 121 will start operating on the line "Small 03".
C is used, and then, when the SOC of the battery pack 121C becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value (when it becomes 0%), the battery pack 121D is switched to. When the SOC (D) of the battery pack 121D is below the predetermined threshold (0%), the battery pack 121A is switched to, and the SOC (D) of the battery pack 121A is below the predetermined threshold (0%). When), switch to the battery pack 121B. Therefore, the battery capacity SOC required for the battery packs 121A and 121B at the start of operation of the line "Small 03" is the insufficient battery capacity SOC (NEEDED), and in the above example, it is equivalent to 1.5 battery packs. However, a margin for 0.5 battery packs is set.
The above is the depot center 30 based on the battery replacement instruction information generated by the management center 20.
This is the battery replacement process performed in.
In addition, battery replacement before the end of the operation of the line "Large 01" and the start of the operation of the next line "Small 03"
(A) Removing the SOC zero% battery packs 121A and 121B,
(B) Prepare two fully charged SOC 100% alternative battery packs and
(C) It includes replacing the battery packs 121A and 121B to be replaced with alternative battery packs.
Therefore, the server 21 of the management center 20 generates at least (a) to (c) as character information. That is, the battery replacement instruction information generation unit 21C of the server 21B generates the battery replacement instruction information. Then, the server 31 of the base center 30 that has received the battery replacement instruction information visualizes and displays the battery replacement instruction information on the display device 33 of the base center 30.

The arithmetic algorithm as described above is implemented in the server 21 of the management center 20. That is, a program for executing the battery replacement algorithm is mounted on the server 21 of the management center 20. This program is a battery replacement program of the battery unit 121 configured to individually attach / detach a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D, and is for executing the following processing on the server 21 of the management center 20 having a computer. be.
The battery replacement program is for the bus 10 operating based on the operation plan information table 221.
From battery packs 121A to 121D pack SOC and battery unit 12 unit S
The process of acquiring OC, the process of calculating the battery capacity required for the next route based on the operation plan information table 221, and the pack SOC and battery unit 1 of the battery packs 121A to 121D.
It includes a process of generating battery pack replacement instruction information indicating an alternative battery pack for supplementing the insufficient battery capacity and a battery pack to be replaced based on the unit SOC of 2 and the battery capacity required for the next line.
As described above, the server 21 has an SOC acquisition unit 21A that receives the SOC of the battery unit 12 from the integrated BMS 3 and a battery that calculates the battery capacity required for the next route, as functions realized by executing this program. It has a capacity calculation unit 21B and an instruction information generation unit 21C that generates battery pack replacement instruction information information that indicates the specifications of the alternative battery pack and the battery pack to be replaced.

With reference to FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (c), the processing procedure of the vehicle control device 15 relating to the traveling drive, the integrated BM.
The processing procedure of S13 and the processing procedure of the battery pack BMS 122 will be described.

(Procedure of vehicle control device 15)
FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a programming procedure of the vehicle control device 15 executed at intervals of, for example, 100 ms.
In step S11, the vehicle control device 15 reads ignition switch information, various sensor information, and the like. In step S12, the required torque is calculated based on various sensor information and the like. In step S13, the inverter drive signal based on the required torque is output to the inverter 112. As a result, the traveling motor 111 has the required drive torque for the bus 10.
Drive to drive.

(Procedure of integrated BMS13)
FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a programming procedure of the integrated BMS 13 executed, for example, at intervals of 100 ms.
In step S21, a switching signal is output to the switch 14 based on the preset battery pack switching order to control the opening / closing of the relay contacts, and the battery pack 121 to be used is selected. When the SOC of the battery pack 121 in use falls below a predetermined threshold, the integrated BMS 13
Outputs a switching signal for selecting the battery pack 121, which is set to be used next in the battery pack switching order, to the switch 14. As a result, the battery pack 121 is switched to the next one.
Instead of the SOC, when the voltage of the battery pack in use becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, the battery pack may be switched to the next one.

(Procedure of battery pack BMS122)
FIG. 9 (c) is a diagram illustrating a procedure of a battery pack BMS 122 mounted on each battery pack 121, which is executed at intervals of, for example, 10 ms.
In step S31, the state of the battery pack 121 is self-diagnosed. In step S32, the detected values of various sensors such as the voltage and temperature of the plurality of cells of the battery pack 121 are read. In step S33, the SOC is calculated based on the read sensor detection value. In step S34, the calculated SOC is assigned the ID of the battery pack 121 to the pack S.
OC data is generated and SOC data is transmitted to the integrated BMS 13.

The processing procedure of the vehicle control device 15 regarding battery replacement, the processing procedure of the server 21 of the management center 20, and the processing procedure of the server 31 of the depot center 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c).

FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a procedure of the vehicle control device 15 executed at intervals of, for example, 100 ms.
In step S51, the memory information including the bus ID and the battery status information are read. Battery status information includes pack SOC and unit SOC. In step S52, the position information of the bus 10 calculated by the position detection device 16 is read. In step S53, the bus ID, position information, and battery status information are transmitted to the management center 20 via the communication device 17.

FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a procedure of the server 21 of the management center 20 which is executed at a predetermined timing.
In step S61, the bus ID, position information, and battery status information transmitted from the bus 10 are received and stored in a predetermined storage area. In step S62, based on the battery status information stored in the storage area, battery replacement instruction information is generated in order to prepare an alternative battery pack 121 to be replaced when the communicating bus 10 returns to the depot center 30 ( Calculation).

FIG. 10 (c) is a diagram illustrating the procedure of the server 31 of the depot center 30.
In step S71, the server 31 communicates with the server 21 of the management center 20 to receive the bus ID and the battery replacement instruction information. In step S72, the battery replacement instruction information is displayed on the display device 33 installed at the battery charge replacement station of the depot center 30. The worker may be instructed to perform the work by voice.

The effects of the first embodiment described above are summarized below.
(1) The bus 10 of the embodiment includes a battery unit 12 having a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D, an electric driving device 11 for traveling driven by electric power from the battery unit 12, and a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D. At least one of the switch 14 for connecting at least one of the above to the electric drive device 11 for traveling and the other one whose battery capacity exceeds the predetermined threshold when the remaining battery level of the battery pack 121 in use becomes equal to or less than the predetermined threshold. Electric drive device 1 for traveling the battery pack 121
It is provided with an integrated BMS (control unit) 13 that controls the switch 14 so as to be connected to 1.

(2) A plurality of battery packs 121A to the traveling drive battery unit 11 mounted on the bus 10
In order to partially replace the 121D, the battery replacement system in which the bus 10 and the server 21 of the management center 20 are connected by a network is the SOC of the battery unit 12 (state information regarding the battery capacity, and the pack SOC and the unit SOC. SOC acquisition unit 21 to acquire)
A, the required battery capacity calculation unit 21B that calculates the required battery capacity based on the operation plan table 221 of the bus 10, and the insufficient battery based on the remaining battery level and the required battery capacity based on the SOC of the battery unit 12. It includes an alternative battery pack for supplementing the capacity and an instruction information generation unit 21C for generating battery pack replacement instruction information indicating the battery pack to be replaced. Replacing the entire battery unit is complicated and time-consuming when managing the battery capacity required for the next route. It also takes time to fully charge the battery unit without replacing it. However, by replacing at least one of the battery packs constituting the battery unit, it is possible to shorten the time until the bus operates on the next line.
(3) The battery replacement system of (2) above further calculates the specifications of an alternative battery pack for supplementing the insufficient battery capacity based on the remaining battery level and the required battery capacity based on the pack SOC and the unit SOC. It also has a specification calculation unit. The battery pack replacement instruction information includes the minimum battery level required by the replacement battery pack. This minimum battery level is the specification of the battery pack.

(4) The power supply device 50 of the embodiment includes a battery unit 12 in which a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D are detachably provided to supply electric power to the traveling electric drive device 11, and a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D. A switch 14 is provided between the traveling electric drive device 11 and connects at least one of the plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D to the traveling electric drive device 11, and is connected to the traveling electric drive device 11. It includes an integrated BMS (control unit) 13 that controls a switch 14 so as to connect at least one other battery pack 121 to the traveling electric drive device 11 when the remaining battery level of the battery pack 121 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. ..
Such a power supply device 50 can be incorporated into an electric vehicle such as a bus in which a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D are sequentially connected to the inverter 112 to drive the electric vehicle.

(5) In the power supply device 50 of (4) above, a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D are housed 125.
It has an attachment / detachment mechanism that has two states: a usage state in which the restraint member 126 is restrained inside, and a replacement state in which the restraint by the restraint member is released.
The plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D can be easily attached / detached by the attachment / detachment mechanism.
(6) The power supply device 50 of the above (5) acquires the battery pack SOCs of the plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D, and based on the pack SOCs of the plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D, the unit SOC of the entire battery unit is obtained. It has an integrated BMS 13 to calculate. The pack SOC of a plurality of battery packs and the unit SOC of the battery unit as a whole are output to the outside.
(7) In the power supply device of (6) above, it is preferable that the battery unit 12, the integrated BMS 13, and the switch 14 are integrally assembled and modularized.
Such a power supply device 50 can be incorporated as a module when the plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D are sequentially connected to the inverter 112 and incorporated into an electric vehicle such as a bus for electric traveling drive.

(8) The battery replacement program of the embodiment is a battery replacement program of the battery unit 12 of the bus 10 configured to individually attach / detach a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D, and operates based on the operation plan information table 221. SO of battery unit 12 from bus 10
Acquiring C (state information related to battery capacity, including pack SOC and unit SOC), calculating the required battery capacity based on the operation plan information table 221 of the bus 10, and based on the pack SOC and unit SOC. A process including generating battery pack replacement instruction information indicating an alternative battery pack to supplement the insufficient battery capacity and a battery pack to be replaced based on the remaining battery capacity and the required battery capacity is performed by the server of the management center 20. (Computer) 21
To execute.
When constructing a battery replacement system that incorporates a plurality of battery packs 121A to 121D into an electric vehicle such as a bus that is driven by electric driving by connecting them to the inverter 112 in order, this battery replacement program is applied to the company that operates the bus or the like. It may be mounted on the server 21 under control, and the initial investment cost can be reduced as compared with the case where it is mounted on an electric vehicle such as a bus. Further, the bus only needs to be equipped with a communication device for transmitting the state information as the SOC of the battery units 12 of the battery packs 121A to 121D, and the cost can be suppressed.

(9) The battery battery replacement program of (8) above is further based on the SOC (state information regarding the battery capacity, including the pack SOC and the unit SOC) and the required battery capacity as the process executed by the server 21. The battery pack replacement instruction information includes calculating the specifications of the replacement battery pack to make up for the shortage of battery capacity, and the battery pack replacement instruction information indicates the minimum battery level required by the replacement battery pack.

The battery replacement system of the present invention can also be modified and implemented as follows.
(Modification 1)
The battery status information such as the battery capacity and the remaining battery level has been described as the SOC, but the physical quantity indicating the battery capacity of the battery pack is not limited to the SOC.
(Modification 2)
As a method for calculating the battery state information of the battery pack based on the voltage data, the current data, and the temperature data, any already known method can be adopted. For example, the internal resistance of the battery pack may be calculated from the temperature data and the voltage data, and the SOC estimated value of the battery pack may be calculated by adding or subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the current data and the internal resistance to the voltage data. .. Further, it may be calculated by a so-called clone counting method for integrating currents.
Further, the battery pack SOC of the bus 10 may be transmitted directly to the server of the management center 20, and the unit SOC of the battery unit 12 may be calculated by the server 21.

(Modification 3)
The battery replacement instruction information was generated by arithmetic processing on the management server 21 of the management center 20.
A battery replacement program that generates battery replacement instruction information may be mounted on the vehicle control device 15 of the electric bus 10 and calculated. In this case, the battery replacement instruction information may not be transmitted to the management center 20, but may be directly transmitted to the server 31 of the depot center 30.
If the battery replacement program is a server that communicates with the electric bus 10, the management center 20
It may be mounted on the server 31 of the depot center 30 instead of the server 21 of the above. The processing device that executes the battery replacement program stores the operation plan information table 221 and the battery replacement management table 222 in itself as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, or acquires the program from the database 22 of the management center 20. To execute.
(Modification example 4)
The battery unit 12 is composed of four battery packs 121A to 121D, but may be composed of five or more battery packs.

(Modification 5)
One battery pack 121 is connected to the inverter 112 to drive the motor 111, and when the remaining battery level of the battery pack 121 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, the battery pack 121 is disconnected and the next one battery pack 121 is connected to the inverter 112. It was connected to drive the motor 111. However, two or more battery packs 121 connected in series or in parallel may be regarded as one assembled battery pack, and the battery unit 12 may be composed of two or more assembled battery packs. In this case, when the remaining battery level of the assembled battery pack becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, the battery pack is configured to switch to the next assembled battery pack.
Further, a new next battery pack may be connected while maintaining the connection of the battery pack whose SOC is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value. In this case, it is preferable to interpose a high resistance that suppresses the inflow of current into the battery pack that has fallen below a predetermined threshold.

(Modification 6)
In the explanation of FIG. 8B, a fully charged alternative battery pack is prepared so that the battery capacity exceeds the battery capacity required to operate the next line “small 03” after the line “large 01”. However, it is also possible to prepare an alternative battery pack that is charged to the minimum necessary according to the insufficient battery capacity instead of being fully charged.
(Modification 7)
Although the case where the route bus 10 operates two routes in succession has been described as an example, the present invention may be implemented as a battery exchange system for a route bus operating three or more routes. in this case,
The number of depot centers 30 may be two or more.

(Modification 8)
Although the battery exchange system has been described by taking the route bus 10 as an example, the present invention can also be applied when operating an electric vehicle including a bus whose operation plan is predetermined. That is, the present invention is not limited to the battery exchange system of the route bus.
For example, the present invention can be applied to a case where the distance from the starting point to the ending point is long, such as a sightseeing bus operated irregularly, and the cruising range of a fully charged electric vehicle is insufficient. That is,
Set up a battery charge exchange at a route point on the way, calculate the estimated battery level before the sightseeing bus arrives at the battery charge exchange, and supplement the battery capacity required from the battery charge exchange to the end point. The present invention can also be applied to an example.

(Modification 9)
The timing at which the communication device 17 transmits various information to the management center 20 is, for example, the time when the bus 10 passes through the bus stop, but it may be set to transmit each time the bus 10 travels a predetermined distance. Alternatively, it may be at the time of passing the stop at the end point. It may be transmitted when the vehicle base center 30 is approached by a predetermined distance. It may be every predetermined time.

(Modification 10)
In the above embodiment, the remaining battery level of the bus 10 returning to the depot center 30 is based on the SOC information obtained at the terminal station and the expected consumption amount consumed between the terminal station and the depot center 30. Estimated calculation. However, if the terminal station is the depot center 30, or if the distance from the terminal station to the depot center 30 is short, there is a risk that the battery replacement work time at the depot center 30 cannot be secured.
If this is expected, the SOC is calculated by subtracting the total estimated consumption from that stop to the depot center 30 from the remaining battery power when passing through any stop in front of the terminal station. It is preferable to calculate as the estimated SOC when the depot center 30 arrives.

The present invention is not limited to the contents of the above-described embodiment. Other aspects considered within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included within the scope of the present invention.

10 ... Bus 11 ... Driving drive device 12 ... Battery unit 13 ... Integrated battery management system 14 ... Switch 15 ... Vehicle control device 16 ... Position detection device 17 ... Communication device 20 ... Management center 21 ... Server 21A ... SOC acquisition unit 21B ... Battery capacity calculation unit 21C ... Battery replacement instruction information generation unit 22 ... Database 23 ... Communication interface 30 ... Vehicle base center 31 ... Server 32 ... Display device 33 ... Communication interface 111 ... Motor 112 ... Inverter 113 ... Motor controllers 121, 121A to 121D … Battery pack 122… Battery management system 221… Operation plan information table 222… Battery replacement management table

Claims (9)

A battery unit with multiple battery packs and
An electric driving device for traveling driven by electric power from the battery unit,
A switch that connects at least one of the plurality of battery packs to the traveling electric drive device, and
When the remaining battery level of the battery pack in use falls below the predetermined threshold value, the switch is controlled so that at least one other battery pack whose battery capacity exceeds the predetermined threshold value is connected to the traveling electric drive device. An electric vehicle equipped with a control unit. It is a battery replacement system in which the electric vehicle and information processing are connected by a network in order to partially replace a plurality of battery packs of the traveling drive battery unit mounted on the electric vehicle.
An acquisition unit that acquires status information regarding the battery capacity of the battery unit, and
The required battery capacity calculation unit that calculates the required battery capacity based on the operation plan of the electric vehicle, and
An instruction information generation unit that generates battery pack replacement instruction information indicating an alternative battery pack for supplementing the insufficient battery capacity and a battery pack to be replaced based on the remaining battery level based on the state information and the required battery capacity. Battery replacement system with. In the battery replacement system according to claim 2,
Further, it further has a specification calculation unit for calculating the specifications of the alternative battery pack for compensating for the insufficient battery capacity based on the remaining battery level based on the state information and the required battery capacity.
The battery pack replacement instruction information is a battery replacement system including the minimum remaining battery level required by the alternative battery pack. A battery unit that has multiple battery packs that can be attached and detached to supply electric power to the electric driving device for driving.
A switch provided between the plurality of battery packs and the traveling electric drive device and connecting at least one of the plurality of battery packs to the traveling electric drive device.
When the remaining battery level of the battery pack connected to the traveling electric drive device becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, the switch is controlled so as to connect at least one other battery pack to the traveling electric drive device. A power supply with a control unit. In the power supply device according to claim 4,
A power supply device having a detachable mechanism that has two states: a use state in which the plurality of battery packs are restrained by a restraint member inside the housing, and a replacement state in which the restraint by the restraint member is released. In the power supply device according to claim 5,
It has a battery unit state information calculation unit that acquires the state information of a plurality of the battery packs and calculates the state information of the battery unit as a whole based on the state information of the plurality of battery packs, and has a plurality of the battery packs. A power supply device that outputs the status information of the battery unit and the status information of the battery unit as a whole to the outside. In the power supply device according to claim 6,
A power supply device in which the battery unit, the battery unit status information calculation unit, and the switch are integrally assembled. This is a battery replacement program for a battery unit for an electric vehicle that is configured to attach and detach multiple battery packs individually.
Acquiring state information regarding the battery capacity of the battery unit from the electric vehicle operating based on the operation plan, and
To calculate the required battery capacity based on the operation plan of the electric vehicle,
To generate battery pack replacement instruction information indicating an alternative battery pack for supplementing the insufficient battery capacity and a battery pack to be replaced based on the remaining battery level based on the state information of the battery pack and the required battery capacity. A battery replacement program that causes the computer to perform processing including and. In the battery replacement program according to claim 8,
The process performed by the computer further includes calculating the specifications of an alternative battery pack to supplement the insufficient battery capacity based on the remaining battery level based on the state information and the required battery capacity.
The battery pack replacement instruction information is a battery replacement program indicating the minimum remaining battery level required by the alternative battery pack.

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