JP2022028364A - Cultivation method of paddy rice and cultivation plant of paddy rice - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a cultivation method and a cultivation plant which are capable of achieving a lower cost by generation acceleration and quality improvement by cultivation of paddy rice in a plant factory, and by increased yield per unit area.SOLUTION: Under an environment inside a container, a building or the like where sunlight is shielded, or inside a vessel 1, a paddy rice A of a dwarf variety cultivated in a cultivation tank such as a water tank 2, which can be installed in multiple stages and holds raising medium such as water, is irradiated with light of a photosynthesis effective wavelength region from an LED illumination device 3, and the irradiation is performed at light intensity adjusted for each wavelength region corresponding to the growth stage so as to be capable of accelerating the generation of the paddy rice A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a cultivation method of paddy rice by hydroponics, soil cultivation, etc., and a paddy rice cultivation plant suitable for the method.

Generally, as a method for raising and cultivating seedlings of Gramineae plants, a cultivation method using artificial light is known.

For example, a cultivation tank for cultivating gramineous plants is provided inside a container that can shield external light, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted and nutrient solution and blue artificial light or sunlight or they are selectively supplied. It is known (Patent Document 1). There is also a description in this document that it is possible to promote flower bud differentiation after planting during rice seedling raising by irradiating the seedlings of grasses with both blue light and far-red light or only blue light.

In addition, as a method of cultivating and harvesting rice in a short period of time using a blue LED, if the planting density is increased and cultivated using either a blue LED or a white light metal halide lamp, the time until heading is white. It is known that it takes about 60 days for light and 45 days for blue LED (Patent Document 2 [0025], etc.).

The overall configuration of the rice plant is equipped with the main body of the factory building installed in the ground or above the ground and the plant cultivation equipment installed in the closed cultivation room, while irradiating LED light from the side of the rice in the closed space. , The plant factory knows that by moving multiple movable cultivation buckets laterally and downward, the space between the ceiling of the main body of the plant factory building and the cultivation bucket can be appropriately expanded according to the growth of rice. (Patent Document 3).

By the way, as an improvement of rice (paddy rice) varieties, empirically lodging rice does not grow normally and is more likely to get sick. Is well known.

Dwarfing technology is performed by, for example, γ-ray irradiation of seeds to artificially mutate them, or by genetic engineering to disable some of the genes that suppress the secretion of the plant growth hormone gibberellin. be able to. By the way, most of the varieties cultivated in Japan are said to be semi-dwarf varieties having a plant height intermediate between normal individuals and dwarf varieties with a plant height of less than half of that.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-345337 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-233509 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-23022

However, since the purpose of selecting and cultivating dwarf varieties of paddy rice is to improve the lodging property of rice, when cultivating indoors in an environment that is not affected by wind, we dare to cultivate semi-dwarf varieties or smaller ones. There was no need to select cultivated dwarf varieties.

However, when cultivating paddy rice in a plant factory, which is a limited indoor space, it is advantageous to shorten the plant height (culm length) as much as possible. That is, even a semi-dwarf cultivar of paddy rice requires a space of 100 cm or more in the height direction above the cultivation tank, so that the increase in yield per unit area or volume in the plant factory is a normal cultivar or semi-dwarf cultivar. Then I couldn't expect it to be very big.

Here, another reason why dwarfed paddy rice is not adopted in plant factories is that it is likely to cause a decrease in yield and poor quality due to the influence of plant growth hormone deficiency and diseases.
At present, no specific variety or specific cultivation method suitable for low-cost cultivation has been found.
In a plant factory that cultivates dwarf varieties of paddy rice without pesticides in this way, it was a challenge to promote generations, increase yield per unit area, and improve quality in order to reduce costs.

The present invention has been found that, in a method for cultivating paddy rice using an artificial lighting device, it is possible to promote the generation of dwarf varieties and increase the yield by a specific light irradiation adjustment method, which has led to the completion of the invention. By using a specific variety suitable for this method, the means for obtaining a more remarkable effect is as follows.

That is, in the present invention, the dwarf varieties of paddy rice cultivated in the cultivation tanks arranged in a plurality of stages in a closed environment where sunlight is shielded are irradiated with light in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis from the LED lighting device, and this irradiation is performed. Is a method for cultivating paddy rice with a light intensity adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage so that the generation of paddy rice can be promoted.

By the way, the leaves of grasses are composed of two parts called leaf sheaths that support the leaves on the base side and leaf blades that perform photosynthesis on the tip side. The amount of photosynthesis produced per day changes.

This is because the amount of photosynthesis produced per day changes depending on the ratio of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, which play different roles in one leaf, and the area of the leaf blade, according to the growth stage of the paddy rice. In the present invention, the irradiation of light in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis is performed with the light intensity adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage so that the generation of paddy rice can be promoted.

Furthermore, the amount of chlorophyll in the leaf blade or the density per unit area of the leaf blade required for photosynthesis is considered to change depending on the growth stage in the light intensity for each wavelength range that can be absorbed. Efficient cultivation can be performed by the light intensity adjusted for each wavelength range according to the above.

When the dwarf variety of the paddy rice is the dwarf variety of oryza rufipogon, the above cultivation method is particularly suitable, and the yield is further improved.

In particular, when the LED lighting device is an LED lighting device capable of reproducing and irradiating the sunlight spectrum, the dwarf variety of oryza rufipogon shows suitability for white light close to the sunlight spectrum. The growth rate is extremely fast until the start of effective sprouting, and generation promotion, quality improvement and increase in yield per unit area are observed.

The adjusted light intensity is preferably a light intensity adjusted so as to correspond to a periodic change in the light intensity for each wavelength range on the ground surface of sunlight, and for example, a periodic change in the light intensity for each wavelength range. It is preferable that the cycle change from sunrise to sunset, the cycle change of 24 hours including after sunset, or the seasonal cycle change of one year including spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the adjustment of such cycle change.

The paddy rice cultivation plant required for such cultivation has a cultivation tank in which a space is provided above and is arranged in multiple stages to hold a cultivation medium so that dwarf varieties can be cultivated from sowing to maturity, and photosynthesis. An LED lighting device that can control the light intensity in the effective wavelength range for each wavelength range according to the growing stage of paddy rice, a nutrient supply device that supplies the required nutrients to the growing medium, air that can adjust at least the carbon dioxide concentration, etc. It is necessary to have an air supply device of the above, and it is possible to promote the generation of the dwarf variety of the paddy rice in a closed environment where sunlight is shielded by using these.

As described above, the present invention irradiates the dwarf varieties of paddy rice with light in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis from the LED lighting device with the light intensity adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage. It is a cultivation method having the advantages of being able to reduce costs by promoting and improving quality and increasing the yield per unit area.
Further, the paddy rice cultivation plant of the present invention has a mechanism capable of efficiently performing a cultivation method having the above-mentioned advantages.

Explanatory drawing which shows the cultivation tank used for the hydroponic cultivation method of embodiment and the attached apparatus thereof. Explanatory diagram schematically showing the growth period of one generation of paddy rice by the cultivation method of the embodiment Chart showing the adjusted early morning emission spectrum of the LED lighting used in the embodiments. A chart showing the adjusted noon emission spectrum of the LED lighting used in the embodiments. A chart showing the adjusted evening emission spectrum of the LED lighting used in the embodiments. A perspective view schematically showing a schematic configuration of a hydroponic cultivation plant for paddy rice according to an embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for cultivating paddy rice according to the embodiment is a dwarf variety in a water tank 2 which is a cultivation tank in which water is contained as a growing medium and is housed in a container 1 that can be stacked in a plurality of stages in a closed environment. The paddy rice A is irradiated with light in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis from the LED lighting device 3, and this irradiation is performed with the light intensity adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage so that the generation of paddy rice A can be promoted. It is a hydroponic cultivation method.

The illustrated container 1 is placed on an existing shelf or the like (outside the figure) in a room 6 such as a container or a building that shields sunlight, and is necessary for growing paddy rice A in the height direction on the water tank 2. It has an appropriate space and can be installed in a plurality of stages with an allowable height according to the size of the room 6.

The dwarf variety of paddy rice A preferably has a plant height (culm length) as low as possible suitable for the present invention, and for example, a plant having a plant height (culm length) of 100 cm or less, preferably 50 cm or less, more preferably 30 cm or less is adopted. Is preferable. When the height from the floor to the ceiling in the building in the cultivation plant is, for example, 2.5 to 3 m or less, the room should have uniform air circulation and temperature, and as many aquariums as possible 2 etc. This is because it is necessary to make the space required for growing paddy rice as small as possible in order to install the cultivation tanks in multiple stages at the required intervals.

As mentioned above, the dwarfing technique does not work, for example, by irradiating seeds with γ-rays to artificially mutate them, or by using a gene that suppresses the secretion of the plant growth hormone gibberellin (dwarf gene). It can be done by using the genetic engineering method to make it.

Oryza rufipogon is a wild rice variety that is thought to be the original species of rice, and its Japanese name is also called Neune or Higenagaine, which grows naturally from western India to the islands of Indonesia. In other countries, it is known that directly sown rice and naturally sprouted rufipogon may be mixed, and it is also possible to collect healthy non-dwarf rice or dwarfed rice by natural mutation.

Furthermore, a fragment of the chromosome of oryza rufipogon is introduced into a strain group of a well-known variety such as "Koshihikari" by using genetic recombination technology, and further dwarfized is also used as the dwarf variety of the present invention. Can be done.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dwarf cultivar paddy rice A is hydroponically cultivated with the nutrient solution in the aquarium 2, or when cultivated in a cultivation tank holding a growing medium such as soil (not shown). , The tillers branched from the main stem grown from sowing change from the effective tillering stage to the ineffective tillering stage, form young ears, and become blue depending on the growing stage of flowering, attending school, and maturity. The light intensity of each wavelength region in the region or red region is adjusted to irradiate light in the effective wavelength range for hydroponics.

The light emitted from the sun and reaching the ground is synchrotron radiation with a wavelength of 300 to 3000 nm, but the radiation range physiologically effective for plants is the band with a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, of which the light in the photosynthesis effective wavelength range is light. Is a band having a wavelength in the range of 400 to 700 nm.

As for the characteristics of the photosynthetic action curve of plants that selectively utilize the wavelength effective for photosynthesis from the white light of the sun, it has a large peak in the red light part with a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm, and it is about 675 nm. It has two small peaks at 625 nm. Further, it has a small peak at 440 to 450 nm in the blue light portion having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm.

From these facts, it is necessary to increase or decrease the red light part and the blue light part in response to the periodic change of the light intensity by wavelength range on the ground surface of the sunlight spectrum even in paddy rice, and it is also necessary for photosynthesis. The amount of chlorophyll in the leaf blade or the chlorophyll density per unit area of the leaf blade is estimated that the light intensity for each absorbable wavelength range changes according to the growing stage, and is adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage. The effect of efficient cultivation can be obtained by the light intensity.

As the LED lighting device used in the present invention, it is preferable to use an LED lighting device capable of irradiating with a spectral characteristic having an average color performance evaluation number of 97 or more, which is close to the spectral characteristic of the above-mentioned solar spectrum. Reproducible white LED (trade name TRI-R; Trial) can be purchased and used.

By using such an LED lighting device, an adjusted early morning emission spectrum as shown in FIG. 3, an adjusted noon emission spectrum as shown in FIG. 4, or an adjusted evening emission spectrum as shown in FIG. Light in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis in the emission spectrum of the The intensity can be adjusted to irradiate the paddy rice to be cultivated.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the paddy rice cultivation plant of the embodiment, hydroponic cultivation is arranged in a plurality of stages with an upper space so that the dwarf varieties of paddy rice A can be cultivated from sowing to maturity. A water tank 2 for this purpose, an LED lighting device 3 capable of controlling the light intensity in the effective photosynthetic wavelength range for each wavelength range according to the growing stage of paddy rice, a liquid feeding device 4 for supplying the nutrient solution required for growing, and at least carbon dioxide. It is provided with an air supply device 5 capable of adjusting the carbon concentration. The drive system such as the power supply supplied to each device in the figure is not shown.

The water tank 2 for hydroponics is a room 6 in a shelf or a stackable box-shaped container 1 in a closed environment where sunlight is shielded, such as a closed or increased internal pressure room 6 or the inside of a container. The atmosphere inside is housed in a state where it can be ventilated through the ventilation port at all times or in a timely manner.

A cultivation tank other than the water tank 2 for holding a growth medium other than water may be arranged in the container 1. For example, the growth medium may be in the form of a semi-solid such as gel, powder or granules, sponge or multilayer. In the case of natural soil or artificial soil, pots, planters or groove-shaped cultivation tanks can be arranged for soil cultivation.
When cultivating soil, it is preferable to cultivate the soil in the cultivation tank instead of the water tank 2 by accommodating an appropriate amount of soil having the required water retention suitable for rice cultivation in a thickness of, for example, about 3 to 20 cm.

In the LED lighting device 3, a large number of button-shaped light sources are arranged at equal intervals in a state where one or more rows are fixed to a plate-shaped base, which is from above and from the side of the water tank 2 which is a cultivation tank. It is arranged so that it can be irradiated. In particular, it is preferable to arrange the irradiation from the side in two or more stages so that the lower part (stem part) and the upper part (leaf part) of the paddy rice A can be individually irradiated.

In such an LED lighting device 3, in a control device (not shown), the intensity, wavelength, irradiation time, blinking cycle, etc. of the irradiation light can be electronically controlled by using various sensors and a control computer.

The nutrient solution required for hydroponic cultivation is supplied from the liquid feeding device 4 into the water tank 2 via the pipe 4a, and stirring or stirring for circulating the nutrient solution is performed at the key points in the cultivation container 2. A stirring / circulation device (not shown) such as a submersible pump is installed at a key point in the nutrient solution so that the flow rate and the flow velocity for circulating or recirculating can be adjusted.

The nutrients are liquid when the medium held in the cultivation container is mainly water for hydroponics, and solid or semi-solid even if the medium is liquid when the medium is soil. It may be any of.

Further, the device for supplying such nutrients is provided with a liquid feeding device having a groove for supplying the nutrient solution or a tubular flow path, or a transport path for solid matter by a belt conveyor or the like and a spraying device thereof. A nutrient supply device can be used.

Regarding the composition of nutrients, for example, the ratio of ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N) as nitrogen components is changed according to the application time, and in addition, a relatively large amount of P, K, A well-known formulation used for cultivation of paddy rice can be adopted by blending a nutritional component containing Ca, Mg and a relatively small amount of Mn, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo and the like.

Further, the air supply device 5 distributes carbon dioxide gas supplied from a cylinder 5b or the like outside the chamber 6 into each box-shaped container 1 via a pipe 5a, and the amount of the air supply is determined by using a solenoid valve. The well-known control mechanism used enables artificial control or electronic control using a gas concentration sensor and a control computer.

Further, the temperature and humidity are adjusted by the air conditioner (air conditioner) 8. It is desirable that the gas and air supplied from the air conditioner 8 into the room 6 are filtered by a hepa filter or the like and are in an aseptic state.

Further, in the cultivation method using the paddy rice cultivation plant of the embodiment, in order to create the indoor sterile state required for the system for growing completely pesticide-free rice, a predetermined amount containing an antimicrobial substance as an active ingredient is predetermined. It is also a preferable embodiment to introduce an aerosol containing a bactericidal disinfectant (manufactured by FLC Co., Ltd .: FLC liquid) as fine particles into the cultivation environment.

Specifically, the above-mentioned predetermined sterilizing and disinfecting agent is added to a humidifier or the like to adjust the humidity in the room 6 and exterminate microorganisms such as viruses and germs, and gas and air other than carbon dioxide required for plant growth. Is controlled to a positive pressure by the air supply / exhaust device 7 so that the room becomes slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure.

In the room of the cultivation plant where the sunlight is shielded and the pressure is controlled to be slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure, a 7-stage cultivation shelf is installed and a cultivation container for hydroponics is arranged in each stage, which is separately provided. A nutrient solution containing nutrients is supplied to the water tank, and water is pumped to the hydroponic water tank, and nano-level (nanometer units with a particle size of 1 μm or less) bubbles can be mixed in the water supply process. A dwarf variety of oryza rufipogon (plant height of 30 cm or less during the flowering period) is sown in a water tank that connects a valve and mixes hydrogen and air as nano-level bubbles, and solar spectrum reproducible white LED lighting. The device (manufactured by Toshiba Materials Co., Ltd .: TRI-R) was irradiated with light in the effective photosynthesis wavelength range (wavelength 400 to 700 nm) and cultivated until the mature stage.

In the irradiation, the light intensity was adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage, and was adjusted according to the 24-hour daily cycle change including from sunrise to sunset and the seasonal change from spring to autumn. In addition, the temperature in the cultivation room and the water temperature of the nutrient solution are adjusted to the optimum temperature with 25 to 32 ° C as a guide, and the daily temperature difference and seasonal changes assuming spring, summer, and autumn are sent to the air conditioner. The cultivation environment was adjusted by adjusting with a liquid device and adjusting the humidity and carbon dioxide concentration with an air supply device with a sterilizing and purifying function.

The dwarf varieties cultivated as described above are within 2 weeks until the start of branching from the main stem grown from sowing in the cultivation tank, and the period from the start of effective tillering to the ineffective tillering is 4 It could be completed in a week, and it was possible to form young ears, and to complete flowering, attending school, and maturity in 8 weeks until harvesting.

In this way, the generation of paddy rice in the cultivation of the examples is promoted to two months and the planting density of the rice is also increased, so that the annual yield per unit area is 0.4 to 0.5 kg / m. A significant improvement of 40 to 50 times was observed compared to ² .

1 Container 2 Water tank 3 LED lighting device 4 Liquid supply device 4a Piping 5 Air supply device 5a Piping 5b Cylinder 6 Room 7 Air supply / exhaust device 8 Air conditioner A Paddy rice

Claims (6)

The dwarf varieties of paddy rice cultivated in multiple stages of cultivation tanks in a closed environment shielded from sunlight are irradiated with light in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis from an LED lighting device, and this irradiation is the generation of the paddy rice. A method of cultivating paddy rice with a light intensity adjusted for each wavelength range according to the growing stage so that it can be promoted. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein the dwarf variety of paddy rice is a dwarf variety of oryza rufipogon. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the LED lighting device is an LED lighting device capable of reproducing and irradiating a sunlight spectrum. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adjusted light intensity is a light intensity adjusted so as to correspond to a periodic change in the light intensity for each wavelength range on the ground surface of sunlight. .. The paddy rice according to claim 4, wherein the periodic change of the light intensity for each wavelength range is a periodic change from sunrise to sunset, a 24-hour periodic change including after sunset, or a one-year seasonal periodic change including spring, summer, autumn and winter. Cultivation method. A cultivation tank that holds a growing medium and is arranged in multiple stages with a space above so that dwarf varieties of paddy rice can be cultivated from sowing to maturity in a closed environment.
An LED lighting device that can control the light intensity in the effective wavelength range of photosynthesis for each wavelength range according to the growing stage of paddy rice.
A nutrient supply device that supplies the required nutrients to the growth medium,
Equipped with an air supply device that can adjust at least the carbon dioxide concentration
A paddy rice cultivation plant capable of promoting the generation of the dwarf varieties by lighting the LED lighting device in the closed environment where sunlight is shielded.

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