JP2021524861A - フルオロキノロン系抗生物質の眼内投与のための粘膜付着性薬物送達システム - Google Patents
フルオロキノロン系抗生物質の眼内投与のための粘膜付着性薬物送達システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2018年4月3日に出願されたインド仮特許出願番号201841012721に対する優先権の利益を主張し、これは参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に開示される本主題は、一般に、治療薬の眼への送達のための組成物及び方法に関する。特に、主題は、フルオロキノロン抗生物質、キトサン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドンを含む粘膜付着性医薬組成物、それらの使用及びそのような組成物を使用する方法に関する。
本開示の方法をより詳細に説明する前に、本方法は、説明された特定の実施形態に限定されず、それ自体、もちろん変化し得ることを理解されたい。また、本明細書で使用される用語は、特定の実施形態を説明することのみを目的としており、方法の範囲は添付の特許請求の範囲によってのみ制限されるため、用語は限定することを意図しないことも理解されたい。
・約0.3〜約0.6%w/vの量のフルオロキノロン系抗生物質;
・約0.5〜約2%w/vの量のキトサン;
・約0.5〜約5%w/vの量のPVA;
・PVPは約0.5〜約5%w/vの量である;及び
・約0.05〜約0.5%w/vの量のLPC。
・約0.3〜約0.6%w/vの量のフルオロキノロン系抗生物質;
・約0.5〜約2%w/vの量のキトサン;
・約0.5〜約5%w/vの量のPVA;
・PVPは約0.5〜約5%w/vの量である;及び
・約0.05〜約0.5%w/vの量のLPC。
ベシフロキサシンHClは、研究の無条件のサポートとして、インドのR.V.Northland Instituteから提供された。レボフロキサシン、ポリ(N‐ビニルピロリドン)(PVP K‐30、MW:40kDa)、キトサン(80〜85%脱アセチル化、MW:100〜300kDa)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA、MW:140kDa)、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リゾホスファチジルコリン、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウムは、インドのSigma Aldrichから入手した。Milli‐Q(Millipore、USA)水をすべての実験に使用した。ベシフロキサシン(Besix(登録商標))及びレボフロキサシン(Levotop(登録商標))の市販製剤を対照製剤として使用した。切除されたヒトの角膜は、インドのハイデラバードにあるRamayamma International Eye Bank, L V Prasad Eye Instituteから入手した。角膜はダルベッコのミディアムイーグル(Dulbecco’s Medium Eagle)培地で輸送され、−20℃で保存された。
ヒドロゲル製剤の調製:
ステップA:キトサン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドンポリマーを含む多成分ヒドロゲル製剤の調製。
最初のステップでは、キトサン(0.5〜1%w/w)を氷酢酸(0.5%v/v)を含む脱イオン水に継続的に攪拌しながら添加した。上記の溶液に、ポリビニルアルコール(1〜3%w/w)をゆっくりと加えた。PVAを溶解するために、調製物の温度を55℃に維持した。ポリビニルピロリドン(0.5〜1%w/w)をこの溶液に加えた。最終ステップでリゾホスファチジルコリン(0.05%w/w)を添加した。
ステップB:フルオロキノロン含有ヒドロゲルの調製のために、0.4%w/vのベシフロキサシン又はレボフロキサシンを連続的に攪拌しながらブランクヒドロゲルに添加した。表1に製剤の最終組成を示す。
ヒドロゲルは、それらの物理化学的特性について特徴づけられた。pHは、デジタルpHメーター(Elico Ltd.、インド)を使用して測定した。サンプル調製物の粘度は、25±1℃で様々なせん断速度をかけた後、カップアンドボブレオメーター(Brookfield Inc.、USA)を使用して測定した。ヒドロゲルの透過率は、紫外可視分光光度計(Jasco Instruments、USA)を使用して400〜700nmの波長で記録された。薬物含有率は、20μlの薬物負荷ヒドロゲルを980μlの蒸留水に溶解することによって評価され、濃度は高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を使用して決定された。
HPLC分析は、C18カラム(Shimpack GISTカラム、5μm、4.6×250mm)を備えたShimadzu Prominence UFLC、LC‐20システム(島津、日本)を使用して実施した。ベシフロキサシン分析に使用される移動相は、0.5%トリエチルアミン溶液(10%オルトリン酸でpHを3.0に調整)とアセトニトリル(ACN)の混合物(74:26、v/v)(Costa et al、2014)で構成されている。レボフロキサシン分析には、1.0mlのトリエチルアミン溶液(10%オルトリン酸でpHを2.5に調整)とアセトニトリル(77:23、v/v)を含む20mMリン酸二水素カリウム(KH2PO4)を使用した(Dabhi et al、2013)。注入量は、すべての標準液とテスト溶液で50μlであった。流速とカラム温度は、それぞれ1.0ml/minと25℃に維持された。ベシフロキサシンとレボフロキサシンは、それぞれλmax(ベシフロキサシン)=295とλmax(レボフロキサシン)=294で検出された。薬物放出の量は、それぞれの標準検量線を使用して決定された。
ヒドロゲル製剤の組成及び物理化学的特性を以下の表1に示した。
薬物のインビトロ放出は、フランツ拡散セル装置(Permegear Inc.、米国)を使用して実施された。拡散セルのドナーコンパートメントとレセプターコンパートメントの間に、透析膜(分子量カットオフ2.5〜3.0kDa、Himedia、インド)を配置した。レセプター培地としてリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(100mM、pH7.4)を使用し、加熱水サーキュレーターを使用して温度を33±1℃に維持した。ドナーコンパートメントには、高分子ヒドロゲル又は標準的な薬物溶液又は市販の製剤を含む2mgの薬物がロードされた。サンプル(300μl)は、0.5、1、2、4、6、12、24時間の所定の時間間隔でサンプリングポートから取り出され、新しい培地で置き換えた。サンプルを上述のHPLC法を用いて分析した。
図1は、遊離薬物の拡散とヒドロゲルからの薬物放出を示す。遊離ベシフロキサシンは10時間以内に膜を横切って完全に拡散した。一方、ヒドロゲル製剤からのベシフロキサシンの100%放出は、24時間で達成された(図1a)。ヒドロゲル製剤からのベシフロキサシン放出は、最初は遊離薬物と比較して高かった(最大2時間まで)。レボフロキサシンの場合、薬物濃度の100%が、遊離薬物及び薬物負荷ヒドロゲルでそれぞれ2時間及び24時間以内に拡散した(図1b)。
ヒドロゲルの粘膜への付着強度は、当技術分野で知られている方法を使用して定性的に調べられた(Choy et.al、2008)。透析膜(PVDF膜、孔径0.45μm)をムチン水溶液(ブタ胃からの0.1%ムチン、シアル酸と結合したタイプII)に2時間浸した。ローダミンB(50μg/ml)を含むヒドロゲル(20μl)をメンブレンの中央に1滴ずつ塗布した。次に、膜を直ちにPBSで5分間洗浄した。残りの粒子の数は、蛍光顕微鏡と分光蛍光光度計を使用して測定された。
ベシフロキサシン及びレボフロキサシン製剤の粘膜付着は、眼の表面をシミュレートするためにサリチル酸結合ムチンに浸された透析膜を使用してインビトロで調査された。ムチン表面をPBSで洗浄して涙液分泌をシミュレートした。図2に示すように、ベシフロキサシンヒドロゲルの粘膜付着は、市販の点眼薬と比較して3.5倍高く、レボフロキサシンヒドロゲルは8倍高かった(p<0.001)。蛍光顕微鏡写真は、遊離色素と比較して、角膜へのヒドロゲル製剤のより大きな付着を示す。
角膜の厚さは、デジタルマイクロメーター(Baker gauges India Pvt. Ltd.、インド)を使用して測定した。角膜抵抗(R)は、DC電源ユニットを使用して角膜に直流(I、1mA)を印加することによって測定し、電圧降下(V)はデジタルマルチメーター(Fluke Corporation、USA)を使用して測定した。抵抗(R)は、オームの法則(V=IR)を使用して計算された。
インビトロ研究に使用されたヒトの角膜の平均厚さは597.3±40.8μmであることがわかった。無傷の角膜の平均経上皮電気抵抗(TEER)は2.6±0.4kΩであった。表2は、様々な製剤を適用した後の角膜TEER値を示す。表3は、ベシフロキサシンとレボフロキサシンの様々な製剤の透過パラメーターを示す。一般に、ヒドロゲルを塗布すると、市販の製品と比較して遅延時間が大幅に短縮された。Besix(登録商標)とLevotop(登録商標)の遅延時間は、それぞれ1.25±0.09時間と1.42±0.04時間であった。ベシフロキサシンとレボフロキサシンのヒドロゲル製剤は、遅延時間をそれぞれ0.92±0.16時間と0.56±0.01時間に短縮した。ベシフロキサシン及びレボフロキサシンヒドロゲル製剤は、Besix(登録商標)(1.86±0.74μg/cm2/h)及びLevotop(登録商標)(7.85±1.14μg/cm2/h)と比較して、それぞれ84.08±13.50及び77.02±3.71μg/cm2/hの有意に(p<0.05)大きなフラックスを示した。)。リゾホスホチジルコリンの添加により、ベシフロキサシンで最大10%、レボフロキサシンヒドロゲルで最大20%のフラックスが改善されることがわかった。図3は、ヒドロゲル製剤からのベシフロキサシンとレボフロキサシンの累積角膜透過を示す。ヒドロゲル製剤、Besix(登録商標)及び遊離薬物溶液を使用した適用後の角膜を通過するベシフロキサシン透過の累積量は、24時間後にそれぞれ1747±95、55±12及び1267±38μgであることがわかった。同様に、角膜組織濃度は、ヒドロゲル製剤、Besix(登録商標)及び遊離薬物溶液の場合、組織1グラムあたり、258±37、16±1、及び398±50μgであることがわかった。
ヒト角膜を抗生物質を含まないDMEM培地で37°Cで一晩インキュベートした。翌日、角膜を滅菌PBSで3回洗浄し、黄色ブドウ球菌の108個の細胞を(26ゲージの針を使用して)間質内に注射した。37°Cで24時間インキュベートした後、感染した角膜を再度PBSで洗浄し、さらなる研究に使用した。感染のない角膜を対照として使用した(Pinnock、et.al、2017)。
すべての結果は、平均±標準偏差として表される。分散分析(ANOVA)(Graphpad Prism、V5)を使用して統計分析を実行し、p<0.05を最小レベルの有意性と見なした。
ヒドロゲル製剤にロードされた薬物の抗菌活性は、黄色ブドウ球菌(ATCC 25923)に感染したヒト角膜(n=3)に対して評価された。図5及び表4は、感染した角膜を薬剤製剤と30分間インキュベートした後の、細菌増殖の濃度依存性阻害を示す。ベシフロキサシンとレボフロキサシンの両方のヒドロゲル製剤は、抗菌活性に有効であり、Besix(登録商標)及びLevotop(登録商標)とのインキュベーション後のそれぞれ8.0×109及び2.8×109CFU/mlと比較した場合、0.1×109CFU/mlのみが記録された。
Claims (22)
- 治療有効量のフルオロキノロン抗生物質、キトサン、ポリビニルアルコール及びポリビニルピロリドンを含む医薬組成物。
- フルオロキノロン抗生物質が約0.01〜約1%w/vの量で存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- キトサンが約0.2〜約3%w/vの量で存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコールが、約0.2〜約8%w/vの量で存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ポリビニルピロリドンが約0.5〜約8%w/vの量で存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1つ又は複数の透過促進剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 透過促進剤がリゾホスファチジル脂質である、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 透過促進剤がリゾホスファチジルコリンである、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- リゾホスファチジルコリンが約0.01〜約2%w/vの量で存在する、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が以下を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
約0.3〜約0.6%w/vの量のフルオロキノロン抗生物質;
約0.5〜約2%w/vの量のキトサン;
約0.5〜約5%w/vの量のポリビニルアルコール;
約0.5〜約5%w/vの量のポリビニルピロリドン;及び
約0.05〜約0.5%w/vの量のリゾホスファチジルコリン。 - フルオロキノロン抗生物質が、バロフロキサシン、ベシフロキサシン、シノキサシン、シプロフロキサシン、クリナフロキサシン、ダノフロキサシン、デラフロキサシン、ジフロフロキサシン、エノキサシン、エンロフロキサシン、フレロキサシン、フルメキン、ガチフロキサシン、ジェミフロキサシン、グレパフロキサシン、イバフロキサシン、JNJ‐Q2、レボフロキサシン、ロメフロキサシン、マルボフロキサシン、モキシフロキサシン、ナジフロキサシン、ナリジクス酸、ネモノキサシン、ノルフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、オルビフロキサシン、オキシリン酸、パズフロキサシン、ペフロキサシン、ピロミド酸、ピペミド酸、プルリフロキサシン、ロソキサシン、ルフロキサシン、サラフロキサシン、スパルフロキサシン、シタフロキサシン、テマフロキサシン、トスフロキサシン、トロバフロキサシン、又はその薬学的に許容される塩又は立体異性体を含む群から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- フルオロキノロン抗生物質がベシフロキサシン又はレボフロキサシンである、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物がヒドロゲルである、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象の眼の状態を治療する際に使用するための、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 眼の状態が、眼瞼炎、結膜炎、角膜炎、眼内炎、並びに黄色ブドウ球菌、表皮ブドウ球菌及び緑膿菌などのグラム陽性菌及びグラム陰性菌によって引き起こされる状態を含む群から選択される、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を対象の眼の標的部位に投与することを含む、対象の眼の状態を治療するための方法。
- 眼の状態が、眼瞼炎、結膜炎、角膜炎、眼内炎、並びに黄色ブドウ球菌、表皮ブドウ球菌及び緑膿菌などのグラム陽性菌及びグラム陰性菌によって引き起こされる状態を含む群から選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のヒドロゲル組成物を含む粘膜付着性眼科用薬物送達システム。
- 対象の眼組織を通して1つ又は複数の薬理学的に活性な薬剤を送達する方法で使用するための、請求項19に記載の粘膜付着性眼科用薬物送達システム。
- 前記眼組織が角膜組織である、請求項20に記載の粘膜付着性眼科用薬物送達システム。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物を含むキット。
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PCT/IB2019/052725 WO2019193513A1 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Mucoadhesive drug delivery system for ocular administration of fluoroquinolone antibiotics |
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JP2023193048A Pending JP2024026085A (ja) | 2018-04-03 | 2023-11-13 | フルオロキノロン系抗生物質の眼内投与のための粘膜付着性薬物送達システム |
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AR020661A1 (es) | 1998-09-30 | 2002-05-22 | Alcon Lab Inc | Una composicion farmaceutica topica oftalmica, otica o nasal y el uso de la misma para la manufactura de un medicamento |
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US12042500B2 (en) | 2024-07-23 |
EP3773482A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
US20210038612A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 |
WO2019193513A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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