JP2021521498A - Electric heating radiant tube temperature control device and its control method - Google Patents

Electric heating radiant tube temperature control device and its control method Download PDF

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JP2021521498A
JP2021521498A JP2019547106A JP2019547106A JP2021521498A JP 2021521498 A JP2021521498 A JP 2021521498A JP 2019547106 A JP2019547106 A JP 2019547106A JP 2019547106 A JP2019547106 A JP 2019547106A JP 2021521498 A JP2021521498 A JP 2021521498A
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景峰 楊
景峰 楊
鵬 沈
鵬 沈
海斌 汪
海斌 汪
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Shanghai Yibai Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/27—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element responsive to radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/30—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
    • G05D23/32—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature with provision for adjustment of the effect of the auxiliary heating device, e.g. a function of time

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Abstract

本発明は、電熱放射管温度制御装置とその制御方法を公開した。その制御装置は熱処理炉内に挿入する放熱するための少なくとも１つの電熱放射管を含み、更に、一つの電熱放射管内に配置された第１の熱電対と、一つの電熱放射管の管壁にはめ込まれる第２の熱電対と、一つの熱処理炉の作業エリアに配置された第３の熱電対とを含む。第１の熱電対と、第２の熱電対と、第３の熱電対とはそれぞれ温度制御装置に電気的に接続される。温度制御装置は各熱電対によって監視された温度に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムにより電熱放射管の電源の切替を制御することによって、熱処理炉の各段階の温度を正確に制御する。本発明で提出した温度制御装置は放射管自体の発熱構造を利用して、放射管の電熱リンクと熱抵抗を減少し、加熱効率と加熱スピードを向上させ、耐用年数を延ばす。それに、本発明の温度制御方法を採用して、熱処理の温度信号の安定性、均一性、正確さと感度が保証されうる。【選択図】図１The present invention has disclosed an electric heating radiation tube temperature control device and a control method thereof. The control device includes at least one electric heating radiating tube to be inserted into the heat treatment furnace to dissipate heat, and further, a first thermocouple arranged in one electric heating radiating tube and a tube wall of one electric heating radiating tube. It includes a second thermocouple to be fitted and a third thermocouple located in the work area of one heat treatment furnace. The first thermocouple, the second thermocouple, and the third thermocouple are each electrically connected to the temperature control device. The temperature control device accurately controls the temperature of each stage of the heat treatment furnace by controlling the switching of the power supply of the electric heating radiation tube by the PID algorithm based on the temperature monitored by each thermocouple. The temperature control device submitted in the present invention utilizes the heat generating structure of the radiant tube itself to reduce the electric heating link and thermal resistance of the radiant tube, improve the heating efficiency and heating speed, and extend the service life. Moreover, by adopting the temperature control method of the present invention, the stability, uniformity, accuracy and sensitivity of the temperature signal of the heat treatment can be guaranteed. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

本発明は、一つの熱処理装置を加熱するときの温度制御装置に関し、特に一つの電熱放射管温度制御装置及びその制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a temperature control device for heating one heat treatment device, and more particularly to one electric heating radiation tube temperature control device and a control method thereof.

金属熱処理の分野において、放射管を用いて間接的に加熱する方法がますます広く用いられてきた。既存の熱処理炉において、熱処理炉の温度制御モードは、作業エリアにおける熱電対によって測定された温度信号によって温度が制御される。このような温度制御方法は、熱電対の挿入位置の変化と熱処理炉内の気体の流動変化が、測定された温度信号に大きく影響し、測定される温度信号の変動、不正確さ及び遅れなどを引き起こすことが問題となっている。そのため、既存技術の欠陥に対して、温度制御に対する応答が早い上、制御精度が高い熱処理炉の温度制御装置を開発することが大いに必要である。 In the field of metal heat treatment, the method of indirectly heating using a radiation tube has become more and more widely used. In an existing heat treatment furnace, the temperature control mode of the heat treatment furnace is controlled by a temperature signal measured by a thermocouple in the work area. In such a temperature control method, changes in the insertion position of the thermocouple and changes in the flow of gas in the heat treatment furnace greatly affect the measured temperature signal, such as fluctuations, inaccuracy and delay of the measured temperature signal. Is a problem. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a temperature control device for a heat treatment furnace that responds quickly to temperature control and has high control accuracy in response to defects in existing technology.

本発明は、既存の熱処理炉における温度を測定する過程で生じる大きな温度変動範囲、不正確性及び遅れなどの問題を解決するために、電熱放射管温度制御装置及びその制御方法を提供する。 The present invention provides an electric heating radiation tube temperature control device and a control method thereof in order to solve problems such as a large temperature fluctuation range, inaccuracy and delay that occur in the process of measuring temperature in an existing heat treatment furnace.

前記目的を達成するために、本発明は、以下の技術方案を採用する。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical plan.

本発明の第１の方案は、熱処理炉内に挿入して放熱する少なくとも１つの電熱放射管を含む電熱放射管温度制御装置を提供し、さらに、
前記電熱放射管内に配置され、加熱するエリアの温度制御のために用いられる第１の熱電対と、
前記電熱放射管の管壁にはめ込まれ、保温段階の温度制御のために、及び昇温時の過熱アラームのために用いられる第２の熱電対と、
前記熱処理炉の作業エリアに配置され、昇温段階の温度制御のために用いられる第３の熱電対と、を含み、
前記第１の熱電対と、第２の熱電対と第３の熱電対とがそれぞれ温度制御装置と電気的に接続されており、前記温度制御装置は、各熱電対によって監視された温度に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムにより電熱放射管の電源の切り替えを制御することによって、熱処理炉の各段階の温度を正確に制御することを特徴とする。 A first aspect of the present invention provides an electric radiant tube temperature control device including at least one electric radiant tube that is inserted into a heat treatment furnace to dissipate heat.
A first thermocouple arranged in the electric heating radiation tube and used for temperature control of the heating area,
A second thermocouple that is fitted into the wall of the electric heating radiation tube and is used for temperature control in the heat retention stage and for an overheat alarm when the temperature rises.
Includes a third thermocouple located in the work area of the heat treatment furnace and used for temperature control in the heating stage.
The first thermocouple, the second thermocouple, and the third thermocouple are each electrically connected to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device is based on the temperature monitored by each thermocouple. It is characterized in that the temperature of each stage of the heat treatment furnace is accurately controlled by controlling the switching of the power supply of the electric thermocouple tube by the PID algorithm.

さらに、前記電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管自体が発熱体であり、内蔵された発熱体がないことを特徴とする。 Further, in the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device, the electric heating radiation tube itself is a heating element, and there is no built-in heating element.

さらに、前記電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管の側壁にガイド孔が設けられていることを特徴とする。 Further, the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device is characterized in that a guide hole is provided on the side wall of the electric heating radiation tube.

さらに、前記電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管の底部に開口があることを特徴とする。 Further, the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device is characterized by having an opening at the bottom of the electric heating radiation tube.

さらに、前記電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管は複数本であり、各２本の電熱放射管の間に接続片を介して直列に接続されていることを特徴とする。 Further, in the electric heating radiating tube temperature control device, the electric heating radiating tube is a plurality of lines, and each of the two electric heating radiating tubes is connected in series via a connecting piece.

さらに、前記電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管は、前記熱処理炉の上部に設置され、その壁厚さは上の方が下より大きいことを特徴とする。 Further, in the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device, the electric heating radiation tube is installed in the upper part of the heat treatment furnace, and the wall thickness thereof is larger in the upper part than in the lower part.

本発明の第２の方案は、電熱放射管の温度制御方法を提供することであり、以下のステップを含み、
ステップ１において、熱処理炉内に複数対の電熱放射管を設置して、電熱放射管内部に電熱放射管の内部の温度を監視する第１の熱電対を設置して、電熱放射管の管壁に電熱放射管の管壁の温度を監視する第２の熱電対を設置して、電熱放射管の外部の作業エリアに熱処理炉の作業エリアの温度を監視する第３の熱電対を設置すること、
ステップ２において、第３の熱電対によって検出された温度を温度制御装置に送信して、前記温度制御装置が制御プログラムを実行して計算を行い、熱処理炉の作業状態が昇温段階であるか或いは保温段階であるかを判断し、作業状態が昇温段階である場合には、第３の熱電対によって実測された温度と目標温度との差を用いて、前記電熱放射管の入力パワーを制御すること、
ステップ３において、保温段階において、第２の熱電対によって検出された温度を温度制御装置に送信し、前記温度制御装置は、設定された目標温度により自動的に前記電熱放射管の電源の切り替えを制御することを通して、設定された目標温度に基づいて、対応する温度制御エリアの温度を調整し、昇温段階において、前記第２の熱電対が熱処理炉の温度の制御に関与しないこと、
ステップ４において、第１の熱電対によって検出された温度を前記温度制御装置に送信して、前記温度制御装置は、設定されたアラーム温度に基づいて、前記熱処理炉内の温度制御エリアの温度がアラーム温度を超えているかどうかを判断し、アラーム温度を超える場合には、前記温度制御装置は、前記目標温度に応じて前記電熱放射管の電源の切り替えを自動的に制御することによって、温度がアラーム温度より小さくなるようにすることを特徴とする。 A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the temperature of an electric heating radiation tube, which includes the following steps.
In step 1, a plurality of pairs of electric heating radiating tubes are installed in the heat treatment furnace, and a first thermocouple for monitoring the temperature inside the electric heating radiating tube is installed inside the electric heating radiating tube, and the tube wall of the electric heating radiating tube is installed. Install a second thermocouple to monitor the temperature of the wall of the electric heating radiation tube, and install a third thermocouple to monitor the temperature of the work area of the heat treatment furnace in the work area outside the electric heating radiation tube. ,
In step 2, the temperature detected by the third thermocouple is transmitted to the temperature control device, the temperature control device executes the control program to perform the calculation, and whether the working state of the heat treatment furnace is in the temperature rise stage. Alternatively, it is determined whether it is in the heat retention stage, and if the working state is in the temperature rise stage, the input power of the electric heat radiation tube is calculated by using the difference between the temperature measured by the third thermocouple and the target temperature. To control,
In step 3, in the heat retention step, the temperature detected by the second thermocouple is transmitted to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device automatically switches the power supply of the electric heat radiation tube according to the set target temperature. Through the control, the temperature of the corresponding temperature control area is adjusted based on the set target temperature, and the second thermocouple is not involved in the temperature control of the heat treatment furnace in the temperature rise step.
In step 4, the temperature detected by the first thermocouple is transmitted to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the temperature control area in the heat treatment furnace based on the set alarm temperature. It is determined whether or not the temperature exceeds the alarm temperature, and if the temperature exceeds the alarm temperature, the temperature control device automatically controls the switching of the power supply of the electric heat radiation tube according to the target temperature, so that the temperature is raised. It is characterized in that the temperature is lower than the alarm temperature.

さらに、前記電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、前記ステップ（２）と、ステップ（３）とステップ（４）に、第３の熱電対によって実測された温度とその温度制御エリアの目標温度との差により、前記熱処理炉内の各温度制御エリアの作業状態は昇温段階であるか保温段階であるかを判断することを特徴とする。 Further, in the temperature control method of the electric heating radiation tube, in the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4), the temperature actually measured by the third thermocouple and the target temperature of the temperature control area are set. It is characterized in that it is determined whether the working state of each temperature control area in the heat treatment furnace is a temperature raising stage or a heat retention stage based on the difference.

さらに好ましくは、前記電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、作業エリアにおける前記第３の熱電対によって検出された温度が前記目標温度によりはるかに低い場合には、前記作業エリアに対応する熱処理炉の温度制御エリアは昇温段階におり、前記作業エリアにおける第３の熱電対によって検出された温度が前記目標温度より大きい或いは同じである場合には、その作業エリアに対応する熱処理炉の温度制御エリアは保温段階にあることを特徴とする。 More preferably, in the method for controlling the temperature of the electric heat radiation tube, when the temperature detected by the third thermocouple in the work area is much lower than the target temperature, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace corresponding to the work area If the control area is in the heating stage and the temperature detected by the third thermocouple in the work area is greater than or equal to the target temperature, the temperature control area of the heat treatment furnace corresponding to the work area is It is characterized by being in the heat retention stage.

さらに好ましくは、前記電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、熱処理炉が昇温段階にある場合には、前記第３の熱電対によって実測された温度と当該の温度制御エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによって熱処理炉の温度を制御し、熱処理炉が保温段階にある場合には、前記第２の熱電対によって実測された温度と当該の温度制御エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによって熱処理炉の温度を制御することを特徴とする。 More preferably, in the temperature control method for the electric thermal radiation tube, when the heat treatment furnace is in the temperature raising stage, the difference between the temperature actually measured by the third thermocouple and the target temperature in the temperature control area is set. Based on this, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is controlled by the PID algorithm, and when the heat treatment furnace is in the heat retention stage, it is based on the difference between the temperature actually measured by the second thermocouple and the target temperature of the temperature control area. The temperature of the heat treatment furnace is controlled by the PID algorithm.

さらに、前記電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、ステップ（３）に、前記電熱放射管から発生したジュール熱の一部が自身の温度を上昇させ、他の一部が伝熱、放射、及び対流を介して環境に伝達され、熱処理炉の周囲温度を上げる。
前記電熱放射管の外径をφ，壁厚さをδ，抵抗をＲとし，電流が放射管を通過する際に発生されたジュール熱は、

Figure 2021521498
前記電熱放射管（１）の抵抗Ｒは、放射管の材質と幾何学的なサイズを組み合わせることによって決定される。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、ρは放射管の抵抗率、Ｌは放射管の長さ、Ａは放射管の断面積である。
熱収支によれば、各部分の熱量の合計はジュール熱に等しい。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、Ｑはジュール熱、Ｑ１は放射管自体の熱によって吸収された熱、Ｑ２は放射管が外部環境(熱処理炉)に伝達する熱、Ｑ３は放射管が管内環境に伝える熱である。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、ｍは放射管の質量、Ｃｐは定圧熱容量、
Figure 2021521498
 は平均定圧熱容量、Ｔｒは放射管の温度、Ｔｍは室温である。
Figure 2021521498
Figure 2021521498
 方程式（５）と方程式（６）において、ｈｏは放射管と管外環境との間の伝熱係数、ｈｉは放射管と管内環境との間の伝熱係数、Ｔｆｏは管外環境の温度、Ｔｒは管壁の温度、Ｔｆｉは管内環境の温度である。
前記温度制御装置は方程式（３）に基づいて、以下の方程式（７）によって当該の温度制御エリアの温度を調整する。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、Ｔｆｏは熱処理炉の作業エリアにおける温度、Ｔｒは放射管の管壁温度、Ｔｆｉは熱電対によって測定された放射管内の温度である。
前記温度制御装置は、Ｔｆｏ、Ｔｒ、（Ｔｒ−Ｔｆｏ）および（Ｔｒ−Ｔｆｉ）の値に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムを採用して、リアルタイム温度と目標温度との偏差を算出して制御量を出力することによって、熱処理炉の昇温段階と保温段階の温度を正確に制御することを特徴とする。 Further, in the temperature control method of the electric heat radiating tube, in step (3), a part of Joule heat generated from the electric heat radiating tube raises its own temperature, and a part of the other part heat transfers, radiates, and convections. It is transmitted to the environment through the heat treatment furnace and raises the ambient temperature.
The outer diameter of the electric heating radiation tube is φ, the wall thickness is δ, the resistance is R, and the Joule heat generated when the current passes through the radiation tube is
Figure 2021521498
 The resistance R of the electric heating radiation tube (1) is determined by combining the material and geometric size of the radiation tube.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, ρ is the resistivity of the radiation tube, L is the length of the radiation tube, and A is the cross-sectional area of the radiation tube.
According to the heat balance, the total amount of heat in each part is equal to Joule heat.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, Q is Joule heat, Q1 is heat absorbed by the heat of the radiant tube itself, Q2 is heat transferred by the radiant tube to the external environment (heat treatment furnace), and Q3 is heat transferred by the radiant tube to the internal environment.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, m is the mass of the radiant tube, Cp is the constant pressure heat capacity,
Figure 2021521498
 Is the average constant pressure heat capacity, Tr is the temperature of the radiation tube, and Tm is the room temperature.
Figure 2021521498
Figure 2021521498
 In equation (5) and equation (6), h o is heat transfer coefficient between the heat transfer coefficient, h i is the radiation tube and pipe environment between the emitter tube and the tube outer environment, T fo the tube outer environment , Tr is the temperature of the pipe wall, and T fi is the temperature of the environment inside the pipe.
Based on the equation (3), the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the temperature control area according to the following equation (7).
Figure 2021521498
 Here, T fo is the temperature in the working area of the heat treatment furnace, Tr is the tube wall temperature of the radiation tube, and T fi is the temperature inside the radiation tube measured by a thermocouple.
The temperature control unit, T fo, Tr, on the basis of the value of (T r -T fo) and (T r -T fi), employs a PID algorithm calculates a deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature By outputting the control amount, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace in the temperature rise stage and the heat retention stage can be accurately controlled.

さらに、前記電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、前記昇温段階では作業エリアにおける温度によって温度が制御され、保温段階になると、放射管の管壁の温度信号によって温度が制御されることを特徴とする。 Further, in the method for controlling the temperature of the electric heating radiation tube, the temperature is controlled by the temperature in the work area in the temperature raising stage, and the temperature is controlled by the temperature signal of the tube wall of the radiation tube in the heat retention stage. do.

本発明は、前記技術方案を採用して、以下の技術的な効果を奏する。 The present invention adopts the above-mentioned technical plan and exerts the following technical effects.

（１）採用した電熱放射管内に電熱線がなく、直接的に放射管を発熱体とし、回路を接続する時、電流が放射管を通過する時に発生したジュール熱は放射管の温度を急速に上昇させる。放射管を直接的に加熱することの利点は、電熱リンクと熱抵抗が減少し、伝熱効率が改善され、同じ作業温度で発熱体の表面温度が低下し、放射管の耐用年数が延びることにある。 (1) There is no heating wire in the adopted heating radiation tube, and when the radiation tube is directly used as a heating element and a circuit is connected, the Joule heat generated when the current passes through the radiation tube rapidly raises the temperature of the radiation tube. Raise. The advantages of heating the radiant tube directly are that the electric heating link and thermal resistance are reduced, the heat transfer efficiency is improved, the surface temperature of the heating element is lowered at the same working temperature, and the useful life of the radiant tube is extended. be.

（２）電熱放射管温度制御装置の温度制御モードに基づいて、各熱電対をそれぞれ放射管内部に配置し、放射管の管壁に配置し、熱処理炉の作業エリアに配置し、異なる段階で異なる温度制御方式を採用して、昇温段階では作業エリアの熱電対の信号によって温度が制御され、保温段階に入った後、放射管の管壁の温度信号によって温度が制御される。熱電対の位置が固定されており、気流の影響を受けることが少ないため、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによってリアルタイム温度と設定温度との偏差を算出して制御量を出力することによって、抵抗炉の温度を正確に制御できる。よって、熱処理炉の温度信号の安定性、均一性、正確性と感度が保証されうる。 (2) Based on the temperature control mode of the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device, each thermocouple is arranged inside the radiation tube, on the tube wall of the radiation tube, in the work area of the heat treatment furnace, and at different stages. By adopting different temperature control methods, the temperature is controlled by the thermocouple signal in the work area in the temperature rise stage, and after entering the heat retention stage, the temperature is controlled by the temperature signal in the tube wall of the radiation tube. Since the position of the thermocouple is fixed and it is not affected by the air flow, the temperature of the resistance furnace can be accurately calculated by calculating the deviation between the real-time temperature and the set temperature by the PID algorithm and outputting the control amount. Can be controlled. Therefore, the stability, uniformity, accuracy and sensitivity of the temperature signal of the heat treatment furnace can be guaranteed.

図１は本発明の電熱放射管温度制御装置の概略構造図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device of the present invention. 図２は本発明の電熱放射管温度制御装置の一部を拡大する概略構造図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an enlarged part of the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device of the present invention.

本発明をよりよく理解するために、以下の具体的な実施形態を通して、本発明を具体的に説明するが、以下の実施形態は本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。 In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be specifically described through the following specific embodiments, but the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

図１に示すように、本実施形態は、電熱放射管温度制御装置を提供し、熱処理炉内に挿入して放熱する少なくとも１つの電熱放射管１を含み、さらに、前記電熱放射管１内に配置され、加熱するエリアの温度制御のために用いられる第１の熱電対２と、前記電熱放射管１の管壁にはめ込まれ、保温段階の温度制御のため、及び昇温時の過熱アラームのために用いられる第２の熱電対３と、前記熱処理炉の作業エリアに配置され、昇温段階の温度制御のために用いられる第３の熱電対４とを含む。前記第１の熱電対２と、第２の熱電対３と第３の熱電対４とはそれぞれ温度制御装置と電気的に接続されており、前記温度制御装置は各熱電対によって監視された温度に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムにより電熱放射管１の電源の切り替えを制御することで、熱処理炉の各段階の温度を正確に制御する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the present embodiment provides an electric heating radiating tube temperature control device, includes at least one electric heating radiating tube 1 that is inserted into a heat treatment furnace to dissipate heat, and further, the electric heating radiating tube 1 contains the electric heating radiating tube 1. A first thermoelectric pair 2 that is arranged and used for temperature control of the area to be heated, and an overheat alarm that is fitted into the tube wall of the electric heating radiation tube 1 for temperature control in the heat retention stage and at the time of temperature rise. It includes a second thermoelectric pair 3 used for this purpose and a third thermoelectric pair 4 arranged in the work area of the heat treatment furnace and used for temperature control in the temperature rising stage. The first thermocouple 2, the second thermocouple 3 and the third thermocouple 4 are each electrically connected to a temperature control device, and the temperature control device is the temperature monitored by each thermocouple. By controlling the switching of the power supply of the electric thermocouple tube 1 by the PID algorithm based on the above, the temperature of each stage of the heat treatment furnace is accurately controlled.

本実施形態の電熱放射管温度制御装置において、温度制御装置は、各熱電対によって実測された温度に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムにより電熱放射管１の電源の切り替えを制御して、熱処理炉における温度を制御する。当該の電熱放射管温度制御装置は新しい温度制御モードを提案して、各熱電対が電熱放射管の内部、放射管の管壁、熱処理炉の作業エリアにそれぞれ配置され、異なる段階に対して異なる温度制御方式を採用する。昇温段階では、作業エリアの温度によって温度が制御され、作業エリアの温度と管壁の温度との差を参照して全体的に温度が制御される。保温段階に入った後、放射管の管壁の温度信号によって温度が制御され、管壁の温度と作業エリアの平均温度との差を参照して温度が制御される。熱電対の位置が固定されており、気流の影響を受けることが少ないため、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによってリアルタイム温度と設定温度との偏差を算出して制御量を出力して、抵抗炉の温度の正確な制御が実現される。よって、熱処理炉の温度信号の安定性、均一性、正確性と感度が保証される。 In the electric heating radiation tube temperature control device of the present embodiment, the temperature control device controls the switching of the power supply of the electric heating radiation tube 1 by the PID algorithm based on the temperature actually measured by each thermocouple to control the temperature in the heat treatment furnace. Control. The electric heating radiant tube temperature control device proposes a new temperature control mode, in which each thermocouple is placed inside the electric heating radiating tube, on the tube wall of the radiating tube, and in the working area of the heat treatment furnace, and is different for different stages. Adopt a temperature control method. In the temperature rising stage, the temperature is controlled by the temperature of the work area, and the temperature is controlled as a whole by referring to the difference between the temperature of the work area and the temperature of the pipe wall. After entering the heat retention stage, the temperature is controlled by the temperature signal of the tube wall of the radiation tube, and the temperature is controlled by referring to the difference between the temperature of the tube wall and the average temperature of the working area. Since the position of the thermocouple is fixed and it is not easily affected by the air flow, the deviation between the real-time temperature and the set temperature is calculated by the PID algorithm and the control amount is output to accurately control the temperature of the resistance furnace. Is realized. Therefore, the stability, uniformity, accuracy and sensitivity of the temperature signal of the heat treatment furnace are guaranteed.

好ましい実施形態として、従来の放射管とは異なり、本実施形態に採用された前記電熱放射管１の内には電熱線がなく、電熱放射管自体は発熱体であり、内蔵される発熱体はない。図２に示すように、前記電熱放射管１の側壁にはガイド孔５が設けられており、かつ底部に開口６が設けられており、ガス対流熱伝達に有利である。具体的には、該電熱放射管１の内部には抵抗糸が巻かれておらず、放射管１自体が発熱体であり、放射管１が電源に接続されている場合には、放射管の内壁と外壁にジュール熱が発生して、加熱に用いられる。電熱放射管１は電熱合金で作られ、しかも放射管１の表面積（直径、長さと壁厚さ）などの幾何学的なサイズは加熱炉のパワーにより確定されている。電熱放射管１の一端は電極であり、電極の両端はそれぞれ熱処理炉の殻の外側と熱処理炉の内側の保温層に固定されている。 As a preferred embodiment, unlike the conventional radiation tube, there is no heating wire in the electric heating radiation tube 1 adopted in the present embodiment, the heating radiation tube itself is a heating element, and the built-in heating element is a heating element. No. As shown in FIG. 2, a guide hole 5 is provided on the side wall of the electric heat radiating tube 1 and an opening 6 is provided at the bottom, which is advantageous for gas convection heat transfer. Specifically, when a resistance thread is not wound inside the electric heating radiation tube 1, the radiation tube 1 itself is a heating element, and the radiation tube 1 is connected to a power source, the radiation tube Joule heat is generated on the inner and outer walls and is used for heating. The electric heating radiation tube 1 is made of an electric heating alloy, and the geometric size such as the surface area (diameter, length and wall thickness) of the radiation tube 1 is determined by the power of the heating furnace. One end of the electric heating radiation tube 1 is an electrode, and both ends of the electrode are fixed to a heat insulating layer outside the shell of the heat treatment furnace and inside the heat treatment furnace, respectively.

従来の電熱放射管の構造において、放射管の内部に一組の抵抗糸の巻線がある。抵抗糸は伝熱と放射などの方法で熱を放射管に伝えて放射管の温度を上昇させ、更に放射管は伝熱、放射と対流を通じてワークを加熱する。一方、本実施例で採用した電熱放射管１の内部には電熱線がなく、直接放射管を発熱体とし、回路を接続する時に、電流が放射管を通過する時に発生したジュール熱は放射管の温度を急速に上昇させる。直接放射管を加熱することの利点は、伝熱リンクと熱抵抗が減少し、伝熱効率が改善され、同じ作業温度で発熱体の表面温度が低下し、放射管の耐用年数が延びることにある。 In the structure of a conventional electric heating radiation tube, there is a set of resistance thread windings inside the radiation tube. The resistance thread transfers heat to the radiation tube by a method such as heat transfer and radiation to raise the temperature of the radiation tube, and the radiation tube heats the work through heat transfer, radiation and convection. On the other hand, there is no heating wire inside the electric heating radiation tube 1 adopted in this embodiment, and when the radiation tube is directly used as a heating element and a circuit is connected, the Joule heat generated when the current passes through the radiation tube is the radiation tube. Rapidly raises the temperature of the. The advantages of heating the radiant tube directly are that the heat transfer link and thermal resistance are reduced, the heat transfer efficiency is improved, the surface temperature of the heating element is lowered at the same working temperature, and the useful life of the radiant tube is extended. ..

好ましい実施形態として、前記電熱放射管１は複数本であり、２つずつの電熱放射管１の間に接続片７を介して直列に接続されている。図１に示すように、電熱放射管１は２本であり、その間は接続片７を介して直列に接続されている。また、この電熱放射管１は、前記熱処理炉の上部に取り付けられ、かつその管壁の厚さは上の方が下より大きく、放射管が上部から下部にかけて単位面積当たりの重力がほぼ等しくなるようにして、電熱放射管の高温条件での不均一なクリープを軽減する。 As a preferred embodiment, there are a plurality of the electric heating radiating tubes 1 and they are connected in series between the two electric heating radiating tubes 1 via a connecting piece 7. As shown in FIG. 1, there are two electric heating radiation tubes 1, which are connected in series via a connecting piece 7. Further, the electric heating radiation tube 1 is attached to the upper part of the heat treatment furnace, and the thickness of the tube wall is larger in the upper part than in the lower part, and the radiant tube has substantially the same gravity per unit area from the upper part to the lower part. In this way, uneven creep of the electric heating radiation tube under high temperature conditions is reduced.

他の好ましい実施形態として、前記伝熱放射管の温度制御装置に基づく電熱放射管の温度制御方法を提供し、具体的には以下のステップを含み、
ステップ１において、熱処理炉内に複数対の電熱放射管を設置して、電熱放射管内部に電熱放射管の内部の温度を監視する第１の熱電対を設置して、電熱放射管の管壁に電熱放射管の管壁の温度を監視する第２の熱電対を設置して、電熱放射管の外部の作業エリアに熱処理炉の作業エリアの温度を監視する第３の熱電対を設置すること、
ステップ２において、第３の熱電対によって検出された温度を温度制御装置に送信して、前記温度制御装置が制御プログラムを実行して計算を行い、熱処理炉の作業状態が昇温段階であるか或いは保温段階であるかを判断し、作業状態が昇温段階である場合には、第３の熱電対によって実測された温度と目標温度との差を用いて、前記電熱放射管の入力パワーを制御すること、
ステップ３において、保温段階において、第２の熱電対によって検出された温度を温度制御装置に送信し、前記温度制御装置は、設定された目標温度により自動的に前記電熱放射管の電源の切り替えを制御することを通して、設定された目標温度に基づいて、温度制御エリアの温度を調整し、昇温段階において、前記第２の熱電対が熱処理炉の温度の制御に関与しないこと、
ステップ４において、第１の熱電対によって検出された温度を前記温度制御装置に送信し、前記温度制御装置は、設定されたアラーム温度に基づいて、前記熱処理炉内の温度制御エリアの温度がアラーム温度を超えているかどうかを判断し、アラーム温度を超える場合には、前記温度制御装置の前記目標温度に応じて前記電熱放射管の電源の切り替えを自動的に制御することによって、温度がアラーム温度より小さくなるようにする。 As another preferred embodiment, a method for controlling the temperature of the electric heat radiant tube based on the temperature control device for the heat transfer radiant tube is provided, specifically including the following steps.
In step 1, a plurality of pairs of electric heating radiating tubes are installed in the heat treatment furnace, and a first thermocouple for monitoring the temperature inside the electric heating radiating tube is installed inside the electric heating radiating tube, and the tube wall of the electric heating radiating tube is installed. Install a second thermocouple to monitor the temperature of the wall of the electric heating radiation tube, and install a third thermocouple to monitor the temperature of the work area of the heat treatment furnace in the work area outside the electric heating radiation tube. ,
In step 2, the temperature detected by the third thermocouple is transmitted to the temperature control device, the temperature control device executes the control program to perform the calculation, and whether the working state of the heat treatment furnace is in the temperature rise stage. Alternatively, it is determined whether it is in the heat retention stage, and if the working state is in the temperature rise stage, the input power of the electric heat radiation tube is calculated by using the difference between the temperature measured by the third thermocouple and the target temperature. To control,
In step 3, in the heat retention step, the temperature detected by the second thermocouple is transmitted to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device automatically switches the power supply of the electric heat radiation tube according to the set target temperature. Through the control, the temperature of the temperature control area is adjusted based on the set target temperature, and the second thermocouple is not involved in the temperature control of the heat treatment furnace in the temperature rise step.
In step 4, the temperature detected by the first thermocouple is transmitted to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device alarms the temperature of the temperature control area in the heat treatment furnace based on the set alarm temperature. It is determined whether or not the temperature is exceeded, and if the temperature exceeds the alarm temperature, the temperature is set to the alarm temperature by automatically controlling the switching of the power supply of the electric heat radiation tube according to the target temperature of the temperature control device. Try to make it smaller.

本実施形態において、前記ステップ（２）と、ステップ（３）とステップ（４）に、第３の熱電対４によって実測された温度とその温度制御エリアの目標温度との差により、前記熱処理炉内の各温度制御エリアの作業状態は昇温段階であるか保温段階であるかを判断する。 In the present embodiment, the heat treatment furnace is based on the difference between the temperature actually measured by the third thermocouple 4 and the target temperature in the temperature control area in step (2), step (3) and step (4). It is determined whether the working state of each temperature control area in the room is in the temperature rise stage or the heat retention stage.

本実施形態において、作業エリアにおける前記第３の熱電対４によって検出された温度が前記目標温度よりはるかに低い場合には、前記作業エリアに対応する熱処理炉の温度制御エリアは昇温段階にある。前記作業エリアにおける第３の熱電対４によって検出された温度が前記目標温度より大きい或いは同じである場合には、その作業エリアに対応する熱処理炉の温度制御エリアは保温段階にある。 In the present embodiment, when the temperature detected by the third thermocouple 4 in the work area is much lower than the target temperature, the temperature control area of the heat treatment furnace corresponding to the work area is in the temperature raising stage. .. When the temperature detected by the third thermocouple 4 in the work area is greater than or equal to the target temperature, the temperature control area of the heat treatment furnace corresponding to the work area is in the heat retention stage.

本実施形態において、熱処理炉が昇温段階にある場合には、前記第３の熱電対４によって実測された温度と当該の温度制御エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムを介して熱処理炉の温度が制御される。熱処理炉が保温段階にある場合には、前記第２の熱電対３によって実測された温度と当該の温度制御エリアの目標温度との差によって、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによって熱処理炉の温度が制御される。 In the present embodiment, when the heat treatment furnace is in the temperature raising stage, the temperature measured by the third thermocouple 4 and the target temperature of the temperature control area are different from each other via the PID algorithm. The temperature of the heat treatment furnace is controlled. When the heat treatment furnace is in the heat retention stage, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is controlled by the PID algorithm by the difference between the temperature actually measured by the second thermocouple 3 and the target temperature in the temperature control area.

本実施形態において、ステップ（３）に、前記電熱放射管１から発生したジュール熱の一部が自身の温度を上昇させ、他の一部が伝熱、放射、及び対流を介して環境に伝達され、熱処理炉の周囲温度を上げる。その中で、
前記電熱放射管１の外径をφ，壁厚さをδ，抵抗をＲとし，電流が放射管を通過する際に発生したジュール熱は、

Figure 2021521498
前記電熱放射管（１）の抵抗Ｒは、放射管の材質と幾何学的なサイズを組み合わせることによって決定される。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、ρは放射管の抵抗率、Ｌは放射管の長さ、Ａは放射管の断面積である。
熱収支によれば、各部分の熱量の合計はジュール熱に等しい。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、Ｑはジュール熱、Ｑ１は放射管自体の熱によって吸収された熱であり、Ｑ２は放射管が外部環境(熱処理炉)に伝達する熱であり、Ｑ３は放射管が管内環境に伝わる熱である。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、ｍは放射管の質量、Ｃｐは定圧熱容量、
Figure 2021521498
 は平均定圧熱容量、Ｔｒは放射管の温度、Ｔｍは室温である。
Figure 2021521498
Figure 2021521498
 方程式（５）と方程式（６）において、ｈｏは放射管と管外環境との間の伝熱係数で、ｈｉは放射管と管内環境との間の伝熱係数で、Ｔｆｏは管外環境の温度で、Ｔｒは管壁の温度で、Ｔｆｉは管内環境の温度である。
前記温度制御装置は方程式（３）に基づいて、以下の方程式（７）によって当該の温度制御エリアの温度を調整する。
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、Ｔｆｏは熱処理炉の作業エリアにおける温度であり、Ｔｒは放射管の管壁温度であり、Ｔｆｉは熱電対によって測定された放射管内の温度である。熱処理炉の安定作業段階では温度値Ｔｆｏ，ＴｒとＴｆｉの平均値は変化せず、相互に明確な対応関係がある。プロセス検証試験時に、実測された放射管壁と管内側と管外側の温度対応曲線に基づいており、このような対応関係は実験により確定されうる。次に、温度制御装置を採用して、Ｔｆｏ、Ｔｒ、（Ｔｒ―Ｔｆｏ）と（Ｔｒ―Ｔｆｉ）を用いて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによってリアルタイム温度と設定温度との偏差を算出して制御量を出力し、熱処理炉の昇温段階と保温段階での温度の正確な制御が実現される。 In the present embodiment, in step (3), a part of Joule heat generated from the electric heat radiating tube 1 raises its own temperature, and another part is transferred to the environment through heat transfer, radiation, and convection. And raise the ambient temperature of the heat transfer furnace. inside that,
The outer diameter of the electric heating radiation tube 1 is φ, the wall thickness is δ, the resistance is R, and the Joule heat generated when the current passes through the radiation tube is
Figure 2021521498
 The resistance R of the electric heating radiation tube (1) is determined by combining the material and geometric size of the radiation tube.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, ρ is the resistivity of the radiation tube, L is the length of the radiation tube, and A is the cross-sectional area of the radiation tube.
According to the heat balance, the total amount of heat in each part is equal to Joule heat.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, Q is Joule heat, Q1 is the heat absorbed by the heat of the radiant tube itself, Q2 is the heat transferred by the radiant tube to the external environment (heat treatment furnace), and Q3 is the heat transferred by the radiant tube to the in-tube environment. It's heat.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, m is the mass of the radiant tube, Cp is the constant pressure heat capacity,
Figure 2021521498
 Is the average constant pressure heat capacity, Tr is the temperature of the radiation tube, and Tm is the room temperature.
Figure 2021521498
Figure 2021521498
 In equation (5) and equation (6), in the heat transfer coefficient between the h o radiant tube and outside the tube environment, h i in the heat transfer coefficient between the radiant tube and the tube environment, T fo the tube The temperature of the outside environment, Tr is the temperature of the pipe wall, and T fi is the temperature of the pipe environment.
Based on the equation (3), the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the temperature control area according to the following equation (7).
Figure 2021521498
 Here, T fo is the temperature in the working area of the heat treatment furnace, Tr is the tube wall temperature of the radiation tube, and T fi is the temperature inside the radiation tube measured by the thermocouple. At the stable work stage of the heat treatment furnace, the average values of the temperature values T fo , Tr and T fi do not change, and there is a clear correspondence between them. It is based on the temperature correspondence curves of the radiation tube wall, the inside of the tube, and the outside of the tube actually measured at the time of the process verification test, and such a correspondence relationship can be determined by experiments. Next, the temperature control device is adopted, and the deviation between the real-time temperature and the set temperature is calculated by the PID algorithm using T fo , Tr , (T r- T fo ) and (T r- T fi). The control amount is output, and accurate control of the temperature in the temperature rise stage and the heat retention stage of the heat treatment furnace is realized.

また、上記昇温段階では、作業エリアの実測温度と当該エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて温度が制御され、作業エリアの温度と管壁の温度との温度差を参照して目標温度に到達するように総合的に温度が制御される。保温段階では、放射管の管壁の実測温度と当該エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて温度が制御される。 Further, in the above-mentioned temperature raising step, the temperature is controlled based on the difference between the measured temperature of the work area and the target temperature of the area, and the temperature difference between the temperature of the work area and the temperature of the pipe wall is referred to to reach the target temperature. The temperature is controlled comprehensively to reach it. In the heat retention stage, the temperature is controlled based on the difference between the measured temperature of the tube wall of the radiation tube and the target temperature in the area.

現在、従来の熱処理炉の温度は作業エリアにおける熱電対によって測定された温度信号によって制御され、このような制御温度方式に存在する問題は、熱電対の挿入位置の変化と熱処理炉内の気体の流動変化が、測定された温度信号に大きく影響し、測定される温度信号の変動、不正確さ及び遅れなどを引き起こすことが問題となっている。従来技術と比較して、本発明で提出した電熱放射管温度制御装置の制御温度モードは、熱電対は放射管の内部、放射管の管壁と、熱処理炉の作業エリアに配置され、異なる段階で異なる温度制御方式が採用され、昇温段階では作業エリアの熱電対の信号制御温度に応じて温度が制御され、保温段階に入った後、放射管の管壁の温度信号によって温度が制御される。熱電対の位置が固定されているため、気流の影響を受けることが少なく、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによってリアルタイム温度と設定温度との偏差を算出して制御量を出力して、抵抗炉温度の正確な制御が実現されうる。熱処理炉の温度信号の安定性、均一性、正確性と感度が保証されうる。 Currently, the temperature of a conventional heat treatment furnace is controlled by a temperature signal measured by a thermocouple in the work area, and the problems existing in such a controlled temperature system are the change in the insertion position of the thermocouple and the gas in the heat treatment furnace. It is a problem that the change in flow has a great influence on the measured temperature signal and causes fluctuation, inaccuracy and delay of the measured temperature signal. Compared with the prior art, the control temperature mode of the electric thermal radiation tube temperature control device submitted in the present invention is different in that the thermocouple is arranged inside the radiation tube, the tube wall of the radiation tube and the work area of the heat treatment furnace. In the temperature rise stage, the temperature is controlled according to the signal control temperature of the thermocouple in the work area, and after entering the heat retention stage, the temperature is controlled by the temperature signal of the tube wall of the radiation tube. NS. Since the position of the thermocouple is fixed, it is less affected by the air flow, and the deviation between the real-time temperature and the set temperature is calculated by the PID algorithm and the control amount is output to accurately control the resistance furnace temperature. It can be realized. The stability, uniformity, accuracy and sensitivity of the temperature signal of the heat treatment furnace can be guaranteed.

以上のように、放射管自体の発熱を利用して、従来の抵抗糸より放射管の構造を簡略化し、放射管の伝熱リンクと熱抵抗を減らし、加熱効率と速度を高め、寿命を延長した。また、本発明で提案した温度制御方法において、熱電対の位置が固定されているため、気流の影響を受けることが少なく、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムを用いてリアルタイム温度と設定温度とのずれを算出して制御量を出力して、抵抗炉の温度の正確な制御が実現されうる。熱処理炉の温度信号の安定性、均一性、正確性と感度を保証することができる。 As described above, by utilizing the heat generated by the radiant tube itself, the structure of the radiant tube is simplified compared to the conventional resistance thread, the heat transfer link and thermal resistance of the radiant tube are reduced, the heating efficiency and speed are increased, and the life is extended. bottom. Further, in the temperature control method proposed in the present invention, since the position of the thermocouple is fixed, it is less affected by the air flow, and the deviation between the real-time temperature and the set temperature is calculated and controlled by using the PID algorithm. By outputting the quantity, accurate control of the temperature of the resistance furnace can be realized. The stability, uniformity, accuracy and sensitivity of the temperature signal of the heat treatment furnace can be guaranteed.

以上は、本発明の具体的な実施形態について詳細に説明したが、これは例示にすぎず、本発明は上記で説明した具体的な実施例に限定されるものではない。当業者にとっても、本発明に対する均等の修正および置換は、全部本発明の範囲内にある。したがって、本発明の旨と保護範囲から逸脱することなく行われる均等修正及び置換は、すべて本発明の範囲内に含まれるべきである。 The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but this is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to the specific examples described above. For those skilled in the art, equal modifications and substitutions to the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equal modifications and substitutions made without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of protection should be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

熱処理炉の内に挿入して放熱するための少なくとも一つの電熱放射管（１）を含む電熱放射管温度制御装置であり、さらに、
前記電熱放射管（１）内に配置され、加熱するエリアの温度制御のために用いられる第１の熱電対（２）と、
前記電熱放射管（１）の管壁にはめ込まれ、保温段階の温度制御のために、及び昇温時の過熱アラームのために用いられる第２の熱電対（３）と、
前記熱処理炉の作業エリアに配置され、昇温段階の温度制御のために用いられる第３の熱電対（４）と、を含み、
前記第１の熱電対（２）と、第２の熱電対（３）と第３の熱電対（４）とがそれぞれ温度制御装置と電気的に接続されており、前記温度制御装置は、各熱電対によって監視された温度に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムにより電熱放射管の電源の切り替えを制御することによって、熱処理炉の各段階の温度を正確に制御する電熱放射管温度制御装置。 It is an electric heating radiant tube temperature control device including at least one electric radiating tube (1) for inserting into a heat treatment furnace to dissipate heat.
A first thermocouple (2) arranged in the electric heating radiation tube (1) and used for temperature control of the heating area, and
A second thermocouple (3) fitted into the tube wall of the electric heating radiation tube (1) and used for temperature control in the heat retention stage and for an overheat alarm at the time of temperature rise.
Includes a third thermocouple (4), which is located in the work area of the heat treatment furnace and is used for temperature control in the heating stage.
The first thermocouple (2), the second thermocouple (3), and the third thermocouple (4) are each electrically connected to the temperature control device, and each of the temperature control devices is connected to the temperature control device. A thermocouple temperature control device that accurately controls the temperature at each stage of a heat treatment furnace by controlling the switching of the power supply of the thermocouple by a PID algorithm based on the temperature monitored by the thermocouple. 請求項１の電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管（１）自体が発熱体であり、内蔵された発熱体がないことを特徴とする電熱放射管温度制御装置。 The electric heating radiant tube temperature control device according to claim 1, wherein the electric heating radiant tube (1) itself is a heating element and there is no built-in heating element. 請求項１の電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管（１）の側壁にガイド孔（５）が設けられており、前記電熱放射管（１）の底部に開口（６）があることを特徴とする電熱放射管温度制御装置。 In the electric heating radiating tube temperature control device of claim 1, a guide hole (5) is provided on the side wall of the electric heating radiating tube (1), and an opening (6) is provided at the bottom of the electric heating radiating tube (1). An electric radiant tube temperature control device characterized by. 請求項１の電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管（１）は複数本であり、各２本の電熱放射管（１）の間に接続片（７）を介して直列に接続されていることを特徴とする電熱放射管温度制御装置。 In the electric heating radiating tube temperature control device of claim 1, the number of the electric heating radiating tubes (1) is a plurality, and they are connected in series between each of the two electric heating radiating tubes (1) via a connecting piece (7). An electric radiant tube temperature control device characterized by being 請求項１の前記電熱放射管温度制御装置において、前記電熱放射管（１）は、前記熱処理炉の上部に設置され、その壁厚さは上の方が下より大きいことを特徴とする電熱放射管温度制御装置。 In the electric heat radiating tube temperature control device of claim 1, the electric heat radiating tube (1) is installed in the upper part of the heat treatment furnace, and the wall thickness thereof is larger in the upper part than in the lower part. Tube temperature control device. 電熱放射管の温度制御方法は、以下のステップを含み、
ステップ１において、熱処理炉内に複数対の電熱放射管（１）を設置して、前記電熱放射管（１）内部に前記電熱放射管（１）の内部の温度を監視する第１の熱電対（２）を設置して、前記電熱放射管（１）の管壁に前記電熱放射管（１）の管壁の温度を監視する第２の熱電対（３）を設置して、前記電熱放射管（１）の外部の作業エリアに熱処理炉の作業エリアの温度を監視する第３の熱電対（４）を設置すること、
ステップ２において、前記第３の熱電対（４）によって検出された温度を前記温度制御装置に送信して、前記温度制御装置が制御プログラムを実行して計算を行い、前記熱処理炉の作業状態が昇温段階であるか或いは保温段階であるかを判断し、作業状態が昇温段階である場合には、前記第３の熱電対（４）によって実測された温度と目標温度との差を用いて、前記電熱放射管（１）の入力パワーを制御すること、
ステップ３において、保温段階において、前記第２の熱電対（３）によって検出された温度を前記温度制御装置に送信し、前記温度制御装置は、設定された目標温度により自動的に前記電熱放射管（１）の電源の切り替えを制御することを通して、設定された目標温度に基づいて、対応する温度制御エリアの温度を調整し、昇温段階において、前記第２の熱電対（３）が前記熱処理炉の温度の制御に関与しないこと、
ステップ４において、第１の熱電対（２）によって検出された温度を前記温度制御装置に送信して、前記温度制御装置は、設定されたアラーム温度に基づいて、前記熱処理炉内の温度制御エリアの温度がアラーム温度を超えているかどうかを判断し、アラーム温度を超える場合には、前記温度制御装置の前記目標温度に応じて前記電熱放射管（１）の電源の切り替えを自動的に制御することによって、温度がアラーム温度より小さくなるようにすることを特徴とする電熱放射管の温度制御方法。 The method of controlling the temperature of the electric heating radiation tube includes the following steps.
In step 1, a first thermocouple in which a plurality of pairs of electric heating radiation tubes (1) are installed in the heat treatment furnace and the temperature inside the electric heating radiation tube (1) is monitored inside the electric heating radiation tube (1). (2) is installed, and a second thermocouple (3) for monitoring the temperature of the tube wall of the electric heating radiating tube (1) is installed on the tube wall of the electric heating radiating tube (1) to radiate the electric heating. Install a third thermocouple (4) in the work area outside the tube (1) to monitor the temperature of the work area of the heat treatment furnace.
In step 2, the temperature detected by the third thermocouple (4) is transmitted to the temperature control device, the temperature control device executes a control program to perform a calculation, and the working state of the heat treatment furnace is changed. It is determined whether the temperature is in the temperature rise stage or the heat retention stage, and when the working state is in the temperature rise stage, the difference between the temperature actually measured by the third thermocouple (4) and the target temperature is used. To control the input power of the electric heat radiation tube (1).
In step 3, in the heat retention step, the temperature detected by the second thermocouple (3) is transmitted to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device automatically adjusts to the set target temperature. By controlling the switching of the power supply of (1), the temperature of the corresponding temperature control area is adjusted based on the set target temperature, and in the temperature raising step, the second thermocouple (3) is subjected to the heat treatment. Not involved in controlling the temperature of the reactor,
In step 4, the temperature detected by the first thermocouple (2) is transmitted to the temperature control device, and the temperature control device receives the temperature control area in the heat treatment furnace based on the set alarm temperature. It is determined whether or not the temperature exceeds the alarm temperature, and if it exceeds the alarm temperature, the switching of the power supply of the electric heat radiation tube (1) is automatically controlled according to the target temperature of the temperature control device. A method for controlling the temperature of an electric thermal radiation tube, which comprises making the temperature smaller than the alarm temperature. 請求項６の電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、前記ステップ（２）と、ステップ（３）とステップ（４）に、前記第３の熱電対（４）によって実測された温度と前記温度制御エリアの目標温度との差により、前記熱処理炉内の各温度制御エリアの作業状態は昇温段階であるか保温段階であるかを判断することを特徴とする電熱放射管の温度制御方法。 In the method for controlling the temperature of the electric heating radiation tube according to claim 6, the temperature measured by the third thermocouple (4) and the temperature control area are described in steps (2), (3) and (4). A method for controlling the temperature of an electric heating radiation tube, which comprises determining whether the working state of each temperature control area in the heat treatment furnace is a temperature rise stage or a heat retention stage based on the difference from the target temperature. 請求項７の電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、前記作業エリアにおける前記第３の熱電対（４）によって検出された温度が前記目標温度よりはるかに低い場合には、前記作業エリアに対応する前記熱処理炉の温度制御エリアは昇温段階におり、前記作業エリアにおける前記第３の熱電対（４）によって検出された温度が前記目標温度より大きい或いは同じである場合には、前記作業エリアに対応する前記熱処理炉の温度制御エリアは保温段階にあることを特徴とする電熱放射管の温度制御方法。 In the method for controlling the temperature of the electric thermal radiation tube according to claim 7, when the temperature detected by the third thermocouple (4) in the work area is much lower than the target temperature, the work area corresponds to the said work area. The temperature control area of the heat treatment furnace is in the temperature raising stage, and when the temperature detected by the third thermocouple (4) in the work area is greater than or equal to the target temperature, it corresponds to the work area. A method for controlling the temperature of an electric thermocouple tube, wherein the temperature control area of the heat treatment furnace is in the heat retention stage. 請求項７の電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、前記熱処理炉が昇温段階にある場合には、前記第３の熱電対（４）によって実測された温度と当該の温度制御エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによって前記熱処理炉の温度を制御し、前記熱処理炉が保温段階にある場合には、前記第２の熱電対（３）によって実測された温度と当該の温度制御エリアの目標温度との差に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムによって熱処理炉の温度を制御することを特徴とする電熱放射管の温度制御方法。 In the temperature control method for the electric thermal radiation tube according to claim 7, when the heat treatment furnace is in the temperature raising stage, the temperature actually measured by the third thermocouple (4) and the target temperature of the temperature control area are used. The temperature of the heat treatment furnace is controlled by the PID algorithm based on the difference between the above, and when the heat treatment furnace is in the heat retention stage, the temperature actually measured by the second thermocouple (3) and the temperature control area. A method for controlling the temperature of an electric thermal radiation tube, which comprises controlling the temperature of a heat treatment furnace by a PID algorithm based on the difference from the target temperature of. 請求項６の電熱放射管の温度制御方法において、前記ステップ（３）に、前記電熱放射管（１）から発生したジュール熱の一部が自身の温度を上昇させ、他の一部が伝熱、放射、及び対流を介して環境に伝達され、熱処理炉の周囲温度を上げ、
前記電熱放射管の外径をφ，壁厚さをδ，抵抗をＲとし，電流が前記放射管を通過する際に発生されたジュール熱は、
Figure 2021521498
 前記電熱放射管（１）の抵抗Ｒは、前記放射管の材質と幾何学的なサイズを組み合わせることによって決定され、
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、ρは前記放射管の抵抗率、Ｌは前記放射管の長さ、Ａは前記放射管の断面積であり、
熱収支によれば、各部分の熱量の合計はジュール熱に等しく、
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、Ｑはジュール熱、Ｑ１は前記放射管自体の熱によって吸収された熱、Ｑ２は前記放射管が外部環境(熱処理炉)に伝達する熱、Ｑ３は前記放射管が管内環境に伝える熱であり、
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、ｍは前記放射管の質量、Ｃｐは定圧熱容量、
Figure 2021521498
 は平均定圧熱容量、Ｔｒは放射管の温度、Ｔｍは室温であり、
Figure 2021521498
Figure 2021521498
 方程式（５）と方程式（６）において、ｈｏは前記放射管と管外環境との間の伝熱係数、ｈｉは上記放射管と管内環境との間の伝熱係数、Ｔｆｏは管外環境の温度、Ｔｒは管壁の温度、Ｔｆｉは管内環境の温度であり、
前記温度制御装置は、方程式（３）に基づいて、以下の方程式（７）によって当該の温度制御エリアの温度を調整し、
Figure 2021521498
 ここで、Ｔｆｏは前記熱処理炉の作業エリアにおける温度、Ｔｒは前記放射管の管壁温度、Ｔｆｉは熱電対によって測定された前記放射管内の温度であり、
前記温度制御装置は、Ｔｆｏ、Ｔｒ、（Ｔｒ−Ｔｆｏ）および（Ｔｒ−Ｔｆｉ）の値に基づいて、ＰＩＤアルゴリズムを採用して、リアルタイム温度と目標温度との偏差を算出して制御量を出力することによって、熱処理炉の昇温段階と保温段階の温度を正確に制御することを特徴とする電熱放射管の温度制御方法。 In the method for controlling the temperature of the electric heat radiating tube according to claim 6, in the step (3), a part of Joule heat generated from the electric heat radiating tube (1) raises its own temperature, and a part of the other heat is transferred. It is transmitted to the environment via radiation and convection, raising the ambient temperature of the heat treatment furnace,
The outer diameter of the electric radiant tube is φ, the wall thickness is δ, the resistance is R, and the Joule heat generated when the current passes through the radiant tube is
Figure 2021521498
 The resistance R of the electric heating radiation tube (1) is determined by combining the material and geometric size of the radiation tube.
Figure 2021521498
 Here, ρ is the resistivity of the radiation tube, L is the length of the radiation tube, and A is the cross-sectional area of the radiation tube.
According to the heat balance, the total amount of heat in each part is equal to Joule heat,
Figure 2021521498
 Here, Q is Joule heat, Q1 is heat absorbed by the heat of the radiant tube itself, Q2 is heat transferred by the radiant tube to the external environment (heat treatment furnace), and Q3 is heat transferred by the radiant tube to the in-tube environment. And
Figure 2021521498
 Here, m is the mass of the radiant tube, Cp is the constant pressure heat capacity, and so on.
Figure 2021521498
 Is the average constant pressure heat capacity, Tr is the temperature of the radiation tube, Tm is the room temperature,
Figure 2021521498
Figure 2021521498
 In equation (5) and equation (6), the heat transfer coefficient between the heat transfer coefficient, h i is the emitter tube and pipe environment between the h o is the radiant tube and the tube outer environment, T fo the tube The temperature of the outside environment, Tr is the temperature of the pipe wall, T fi is the temperature of the pipe environment,
Based on the equation (3), the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the temperature control area according to the following equation (7).
Figure 2021521498
 Here, T fo is the temperature in the working area of the heat treatment furnace, Tr is the tube wall temperature of the radiation tube, and T fi is the temperature inside the radiation tube measured by a thermocouple.
The temperature controller uses a PID algorithm to calculate the deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature based on the values of T fo , Tr , ( Tr −T fo ) and ( Tr −T fi). A method for controlling the temperature of an electric heating radiation tube, which comprises accurately controlling the temperature of a heat treatment furnace in a temperature raising stage and a heat retaining stage by outputting a controlled amount.
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CN201910264271.0A CN109871052A (en) 2019-04-03 2019-04-03 A kind of electrothermal radiation tube temperature control equipment and its control method
CN201910264271.0 2019-04-03
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