JP2021510615A - 選択的光熱分解を最適化するための方法および装置 - Google Patents
選択的光熱分解を最適化するための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
パラメータの温度依存相対対数関数の較正方法は、組織の平衡温度を測定するステップと、一定のレーザパルスエネルギーを持つ温度感知レーザパルスによって励起された手術ターゲットの光音響信号を測定するステップと、平衡温度での光音響信号の振幅の対数としてベースライン信号を計算するステップと、手術用レーザパルスのみを送り、励起された光音響信号を測定するステップと、手術用レーザパルスと温度感知レーザパルスの両方を送り、励起された光音響信号をデュアルパルスによって測定するステップと、減算演算と対数演算の後に温度感知レーザパルスによって励起された光音響信号の振幅の対数を計算するステップと、温度感知レーザパルスによって励起された光音響信号の振幅の対数からベースライン信号を減算した後にデータ点を取得するステップと、レーザ誘起キャビテーションがある否かを確定するステップと、レーザ誘起キャビテーションがない場合、温度が平衡状態に戻るまで待機するステップと、手術用レーザパルスをki倍に増加させるステップと、上記の手順を繰り返して、レーザ誘起キャビテーションが音響検出器によって信号の非線形性から観測されるまで、組織のグリュナイゼンパラメータの相対対数関数のデータ点をより多く取得するステップと、手術用レーザパルスによる絶対温度上昇を計算し、十分なデータ点で組織のグリュナイゼンパラメータの相対対数関数の曲線をフィッティングするステップとを含む。
例として、図1は、革新的なパルス化光SP手術システムの例を示す。このシステムは、音響検出器を含めることで、従来技術における従来のSP光手術システムと区別する。このSPパルス光手術システムは、その制御システム1110の制御下で光ビーム1010を生成するためのチューナブルパルス光源1100と、組織1000と接触するように動作可能な患者インターフェース1200とを備える。図1の一実施では、光ビーム1010は手術用パルス光ビームのみを含む。光音響信号を効率的に励起するために、パルス光ビームのパルス幅は、10−7秒未満、又は10−8秒未満、又は10−9秒未満である。患者インターフェース1200は、光送出ユニット1210、音響検出器1220、及びインターフェース媒体1230を備える。光送出ユニット1210は、光ビームプロファイルを成形し、多関節アームで光ビームを送出し、光ビームの直径を調整し、光ビームを、インターフェース媒体1230を介して組織1000表面に伝送する。インターフェース媒体1230は、光ビームに対して透過性であり、超音波に対して伝導性であることが好ましい。パルス光ビーム1010は、インターフェース媒体1230を介して伝播しかつ音響検出器1220によって検出される光音響波1020を励起する。検出された光音響信号1030は、チューナブルパルス光ビーム1100の制御のために制御システム1110によってデジタル化され、分析される。なお、本明細書におけるチューナブル光源は、その中心波長、又は光パルス幅、又は光パルスエネルギー、又はそれらの組み合わせにおいて、チューニング能力を持つ光源を広く意味する。チューナブル光源自体を作るのは困難でない。ただし、欠けている部分は、組織内の手術ターゲットに応じて、中心波長と他の手術用光パルスパラメーターをどのようにチューニングかである。音響検出器を含めることは、SP手術の従来技術ではまさに欠けている部分である。音響検出器を含めることは、SP手術でのチューナブル光源の利用に初めて意味がある。チューナブル光源と音響検出器の両方は、最適化されたSP手術を可能にする。これは、何十年もの間望まれてきた目標である。
<特許文献>
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Claims (9)
- チューナブル放射線源と、患者インターフェースと、制御システムとを備える選択的光熱分解(SP)手術システムであって、
i. 前記チューナブル放射線源は、手術用放射線パルス及び前記手術用放射線パルスと同期されるオプションの補助放射線パルス(又は変調)をそれらの間の調整可能な時間遅延で生成し、各手術用放射線パルスは、各放射線パルスの直後に、蓄積した熱エネルギーが周囲の健康な組織に安全に放散された状態で、手術ターゲットに空間的かつ時間的に制限された温度パルスを作成し、手術ターゲットから光音響波を励起し、前記オプションの放射線パルスは、一連の温度関連の測定を可能にし、
ii. 前記患者インターフェースは、放射線ビームを組織に送出するための放射線ビーム送出ユニットと、手術ターゲットから励起された光音響波を検出するための超音波検出器とを備え、
iii. 前記制御システムは、前記超音波検出器から光音響信号を取得し、データを分析し、手術用放射線の最適な中心波長又は中心周波数を確定し、最適な手術用放射線パルス幅を確定し、最適な手術用放射線パルスエネルギーを確定し、最適化されたSP手術用結果のための最適な中心波長、又は最適なパルス持続時間、又は最適なパルスエネルギー、又はそれらの組み合わせを有する手術用放射線パルスの生成を制御する、ことを特徴とする手術システム。 - 組織内のレーザ誘起キャビテーションによる光音響信号の非線形増加から組織内の手術ターゲットの絶対100℃温度を生体内で確定し、温度の関数として組織のグリュナイゼンパラメータの相対対数を生体内で較正し、人体の組織内の手術ターゲットの緩変化温度を生体内で測定し、選択的光熱分解手術用放射線パルスにより作成された手術ターゲットの温度パルスを生体内で測定し、人体の組織内の手術ターゲットの熱緩和時間を生体内で測定することができる光音響方法。
- 最適化された選択的光熱分解のために未知の生体内手術ターゲット対自然発色団のエネルギー蓄積比を最大化するように、前記手術用放射線の中心波長をチューニングする、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体内手術ターゲットの熱緩和時間を測定することで、手術用放射線パルス幅を最適化する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 選択的光熱分解手術中に、組織内の選択された手術ターゲットの光凝固のために手術用放射線パルスエネルギーを最適化する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 選択的光熱分解手術中に、組織内の選択された手術ターゲットの光破壊のために手術用放射線パルスエネルギーを最適化する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 選択的光熱分解手術を実施せず、手術ターゲットの所定の温度を達成するための最適な手術用放射線パルスエネルギーを確定する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 最適な手術用放射線中心波長、最適な手術用放射線パルス幅、最適な手術用放射線パルスエネルギー、及び最適な皮膚冷却パラメータで、皮膚冷却を伴う選択的光熱分解手術を最適化する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記手術用放射線パルスエネルギーは治療量以下のレベルであり、最適な手術用放射線パラメータは、別の選択的光熱分解手術システムの手術結果改善するために取得される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の選択的光熱分解手術計画システム。
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