JP2021509266A - 無細胞dna断片を検出および定量化するための方法とデバイス - Google Patents
無細胞dna断片を検出および定量化するための方法とデバイス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書に言及される全ての刊行物、特許、および特許出願は、あたかも個々の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が参照によって組み込まれるよう具体的かつ個別に示されるのと同じ程度まで、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
いくつかの実施形態において、流体から細胞物質を集めるためのデバイスが本明細書に記載される。一態様では、細胞を含む流体から、流体の無細胞部分から、あるいは他の粒子物質から細胞物質を集めるためのデバイスが本明細書に記載される。
複数の交流電極は、本明細書に記載される分離プロセスに適した任意の手法で随意に構成される。例えば、電極、および/またはDEP電界における細胞の集中を含むシステムまたはデバイスのさらなる説明は、開示のために本明細書に組み込まれるPCT国際公開WO2009/146143号において見られる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書で開示される電極は、本明細書で開示される方法を実行するのに適切な任意の手法で配置され得る。
材料の1つ以上の層で電極構造を覆うことは、限定されないが、電極あるいはその電極の近くで生じ得る電気分解反応、加熱、および無秩序な流体の運動を含む有害な電気化学効果を弱めることができ、依然として、細胞、細菌、ウイルス、ナノ粒子、DNA、および他の生体分子の有効な分離を行うことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、電極構造上で層状になっている材料は1つ以上の多孔層であり得る。他の実施形態では、1つ以上の多孔層はポリマー層である。他の実施形態では、1つ以上の多孔層はヒドロゲルである。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される方法、デバイス、およびシステムは、流体物質(随意に他の物質(汚染物質、残留細胞物質など)を含む)から、細胞、粒子、および/または分子(核酸など)を採取、分離、または単離するためのメカニズムを与える。
いくつかの態様、例えば、高伝導度緩衝液(>100mS/m)において、本明細書に記載される方法は、電極のアレイを含むデバイスに無細胞DNAを含む流体を適用する工程と、それによって、第1のDEP電界領域に無細胞DNAを集中させる工程とを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、第1のDEP電界領域は、第1のサイズまたはサイズ範囲の無細胞DNA断片を集中させ、第2のDEP電界領域は、第2のサイズまたはサイズ範囲の無細胞DNA断片を集中させる。その後のまたは同時の随意な第3および第4のDEP領域は、さらに多くのサイズまたはサイズ範囲のDNA断片を採取または単離することもあれば、あるいは、タンパク質またはRNAなどの生体分子を含む他の流体成分を単離することもある。
一態様では、流体から核酸を単離するための方法が本明細書に記載されている。いくつかの実施形態において、核酸は無細胞核酸である。いくつかの実施形態において、流体から無細胞核酸を単離するための方法が本明細書に開示され、上記方法は:a.デバイスに流体を塗布する工程であって、上記デバイスが電極のアレイを含む、工程;b.第1のAC動電学的(例えば、誘電泳動)電界領域で複数の細胞物質を集中させる工程;c.第2のAC動電学的(例えば、誘電泳動)電界領域で核酸を単離する工程;および、d.細胞物質を洗い流す工程、を含む。いくつかの例では、残留細胞物質は低電界領域の近くに集中する。いくつかの実施形態において、残留物質はデバイスから洗い流され、および/または核酸から洗い流される。いくつかの実施形態において、核酸は第2のAC動電学的電界領域に集中する。
いくつかの実施形態において、第2のDEP電界領域での標的とされた細胞物質の集中の後、方法は、標的とされた細胞物質から残留物質を随意に洗い流す工程を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載されるデバイスまたはシステムは、標的とされた細胞物質から残留物質を洗い流すのに適している流体を含むリザーバーを随意に含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、標的とされた細胞物質は、電極に電圧を印加し続けることにより、第2のDEP電界領域などの電極のアレイの近くで保持される。「残留物質」とは、流体中に本来存在し、細胞中に本来存在し、手順の間に添加され、限定されないが、細胞(つまり、残留細胞物質)の溶解を含むプロセスの任意の工程を通じて作成されたものなどである。例えば、残留物質は、非溶解細胞、細胞壁断片、タンパク質、脂質、炭水化物、無機質、塩、緩衝液、血漿、および望ましくない核酸を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、溶解した細胞物質は、溶解時に複数の細胞から解放された残留タンパク質を含む。標的とされた細胞物質のすべてが第2のDEP電界に集中するわけではないことは起こりうる。いくつかの実施形態では、一定量の標的とされた細胞物質は、残留物質を用いて洗い流される。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される方法、デバイス、あるいはシステムは、そのような方法、デバイス、あるいはシステムから得られ得るあらゆる所望の核酸を入手、単離、または分離するために随意に利用される。本明細書に記載される方法、デバイス、およびシステムにより単離された核酸は、DNA(デオキシリボ核酸)、RNA(リボ核酸)、およびこれらの組み合わせを含む。DNAは無細胞DNAとDNA断片を含み得る。いくつかの実施形態では、核酸は、配列決定、または増幅、ライゲーション、あるいはクローニングを含む核酸のさらなる操作に適切な形態で単離される。
いくつかの実施形態において、特定のサイズの核酸の量を含む核酸の量は、定量化され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、核酸は、例えば、核酸を標識、色素で染色するか、さもなければ、定量化、同定、および/または追跡のために核酸をタグ付けすることを含む、核酸の可視化によって定量化可能である。本明細書で開示される方法およびデバイスは、挿入色素を含む色素、抗体標識、染色、および、無細胞のバイオマーカー物質の直接的な定量化を直接的に、あるいは、蛍光顕微鏡検査法の使用を含む具現化されたデバイスとともに使用して行うことができる他の画像化分子を採用することもある。限定されないが、シアニン二量体を含む高親和性染色(Life Technologies)を含む、微粒子、例えば、DNAおよびRNAの蛍光標識の例が使用可能である。例は、YOYOR−1、YOYOR−3、POPOTM−1、POPOTM−3、TOTOR−1、およびTOTOR−3、SYBR Green I、SYBR Green II、SYBR Gold stains、SYBR DX、SYTO 10、SYTO17、SYTO−13、SYBR14、SYTO−82、および臭化エチジウムを含む。
いくつかの例では、シリコン微小電極アレイは、PCRに必要な熱サイクルに耐えることができる。いくつかの適用では、少量の標的核酸が移行工程中に失われ得るだけなので、オンチップPCRは有利である。本明細書に記載されるデバイス、システム、またはプロセスの特定の実施形態では、複数のPCR技術の任意の1つ以上が随意に使用され、そのような技術は、以下のいずれか1つ以上を随意に含む:フローセルにおける直接的な熱サイクリング;様々な温度帯を有するマイクロチャネルを通って物質を移動させること;および、システム上で増幅され得るか、PCR機械に移され得るPCR管へ量を移動させること。いくつかの例では、出口が不混和性流体を含むT字路と界面安定化剤(界面活性剤など)を含む場合に、液滴PCRは実施される。ある実施形態では、液滴は任意の適切な方法によって熱サイクルされる。
本明細書に開示される単離された核酸は、様々なアッセイフォーマットで利用され得る。例えば、核酸プローブまたはアンプリコンと共に扱われるデバイスは、ドットブロット分析または逆ドットブロット分析、塩基スタッキング一塩基多型(SNP)分析、電子的なストリンジェンシー(electronic stringency)を用いる分析において、またはSTR分析において利用されてもよい。加えて、本明細書に開示されるそのようなデバイスは、例えば、酵素的な報告を用いる遺伝子発現解析、固定された核酸増幅などの酵素的な核酸修飾、あるいはタンパク質−核酸相互作用のためのフォーマット、または、制限エンドヌクレアーゼ切断、endo−ヌクレアーゼまたはexo−ヌクレアーゼ切断、小溝結合タンパク質アッセイ、ターミナルトランスフェラーゼ反応、ポリヌクレオチドキナーゼもしくはホスファターゼ反応、リガーゼ反応、トポイソメラーゼ反応、および他の核酸の結合もしくは修飾タンパク質反応を含む、固相フォーマットに適した他の核酸修飾などのためのフォーマットで利用されてもよい。
ニボルマブ(Opdivo)治療を受けているIV期の腺癌を患う2人の患者の処置の過程で、血漿サンプルを得た。上記サンプルを、実施例2に記載されるように処理および分析した。結果は、図3Aと図3Bに示される。図3Aの患者はニボルマブ処置に応答せず(これは、処置の後の一定のレベルの検出されたcfDNAによって示される)、その後、疾患の進行の兆候を示し始めた。その後、患者にアテゾリズマブ(Tecentriq)を投与し、それに応答した。上記応答は、cfDNA濃度の減少によって示される。その結果は、患者が治療に応答するにつれて、300bpより大きなcfDNAの濃度が減少し、疾患が進行するにつれて、300bpより大きなcfDNAの濃度が増加することを示す。この図は、Y軸上にng/mLとしてcdDNAの濃度を示し、X軸上に時間を表す。
Claims (37)
- 被験体から生体サンプルを分析するための方法であって、
前記方法は:
a)生体サンプル中の複数の核酸断片を捕捉する工程であって、複数の核酸断片が複数のサイズを含み、複数のサイズが少なくとも250bp長さの核酸断片を含む、工程;
b)複数の核酸を検出する工程;および、
c)少なくとも250bp長さの核酸断片の検出に基づいて、被験体が疾患または疾病を抱えているかを判定する工程、
を含む、方法。 - 核酸断片が無細胞DNA断片および/またはエキソソームを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の核酸断片を捕捉する工程は、250−600bp、250−275bp、275−300bp、300−325bp、325−350bp、350−375bp、375−400bp、400−425bp、425−450bp、450−475bp、475−500bp、500−525bp、525−550bp、550−575bp、575−600bp、300−400bp、400−500bp、300−500bp、600−700bp、700−800bp、800−900bp、900−1000bp、1−2kbp、2−3kbp、3−4kbp、4−5kbp、5−6kbp、6−7kbp、7−8kbp、8−9kbp、および/または9−10kbp長さの核酸断片を選択的に捕捉することを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患または疾病が癌である、請求項1−3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記疾患または疾病が、炎症性疾患、敗血症、心臓病、同種免疫疾患、あるいは自己免疫疾患である、請求項1−3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記検出する工程が複数の核酸を定量化することを含む、請求項1−5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 複数の核酸を定量化することは、特定のサイズまたはサイズ範囲を有するある量の核酸を定量化することを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのサイズ範囲は、250−600bp、250−275bp、275−300bp、300−325bp、325−350bp、350−375bp、375−400bp、400−425bp、425−450bp、450−475bp、475−500bp、500−525bp、525−550bp、550−575bp、575−600bp、300−400bp、400−500bp、300−500bp、600−700bp、700−800bp、800−900bp、900−1000bp、1−2kbp、2−3kbp、3−4kbp、4−5kbp、5−6kbp、6−7kbp、7−8kbp、8−9kbp、および/または9−10kbp長さの少なくとも1つのサイズ範囲を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 複数の核酸を定量化することは、少なくとも1つのサイズに対応するある量の核酸を定量化することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのサイズは、250bp〜10kbpの間の任意の全数の塩基対の少なくとも1つのサイズを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記方法はさらに、第1のサイズまたはサイズ範囲に対応するある量の核酸を、第2のサイズまたはサイズ範囲に対応する第2の量の核酸と比較する工程を含む、請求項7−10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、核酸の量を対照と比較する工程をさらに含む、請求項6−11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記方法はさらに、第1のサイズまたはサイズ範囲に対応するある量の核酸を、対照と比較する工程を含む、請求項7−11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記対照は、初期の被験体から、被験体が癌を患っていないと推定されるときの被験体から、健康な個体から、癌の処置を受ける前の被験体から、癌の処置を受けている被験体から、癌の処置を受けた後の被験体から得られ、あるいは、前記対照は、癌の被験体あるいは癌のない被験体を示すと決定された値である、請求項12−13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 被験体が癌を患っているかどうかを判定することは、癌の種類、癌のステージ、予後、腫瘍のサイズ、腫瘍量、癌の量の変化、腫瘍サイズの変化、腫瘍の数の変化、前癌状態、あるいは前癌症状を判定することをさらに含む、請求項1−14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 複数の核酸断片を捕捉する工程は、AC誘電泳動電界を生成するように構成された電極を使用することを含む、請求項1−15のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 複数の核酸断片を捕捉する工程は、誘電泳動低電界領域と誘電泳動高電界領域を生成するように構成された複数の電極を使用することを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 誘電泳動低電界領域は、1ボルトから40ボルトのピーク−ピークの電圧;および/または、5Hzから5,000,000Hzの周波数、ならびに5%から50%までのデューティサイクルを有する交流を使用して生成される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 誘電泳動高電界領域は、1ボルトから40ボルトのピーク−ピークの電圧;および/または、5Hzから5,000,000Hzの周波数、ならびに5%から50%までのデューティサイクルを有する交流を使用して生成される、請求項17−18のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 複数の電極は、250−600bp、250−600bp、250−275bp、275−300bp、300−325bp、325−350bp、350−375bp、375−400bp、400−425bp、425−450bp、450−475bp、475−500bp、500−525bp、525−550bp、550−575bp、575−600bp、300−400bp、400−500bp、300−500bp、600−700bp、700−800bp、800−900bp、900−1000bp、1−2kbp、2−3kbp、3−4kbp、4−5kbp、5−6kbp、6−7kbp、7−8kbp、8−9kbp、および/または9−10kbp長さの核酸断片を選択的に捕捉するように構成される、請求項16−19のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 複数の電極はヒドロゲルでコーティングされる、請求項16−20のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲルは合成ポリマーの2つ以上の層を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲルは前記電極上でスピンコーティングされる、請求項21または22に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲルは、スピンコーティングの前に約0.5cP〜約5cPの粘度を有する、請求項21−23のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲルは、約0.1ミクロン〜1ミクロンの厚さを有する、請求項21−24のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 電極は、プラチナ、金、アルミニウム、タンタル、砒化ガリウム、銅、銀、黄銅、亜鉛、スズ、ニッケル、ケイ素、パラジウム、チタン、黒鉛、炭素、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択された材料を含む、請求項16−25のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記電極は混合金属酸化物を含む、請求項16−26のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記混合金属酸化物は、酸化チタン、ジルコニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記方法はさらに、RNA、ヌクレオソーム、エキソソーム、細胞外小胞、タンパク質、細胞膜断片、ミトコンドリア、あるいは細胞小胞からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つの分析物を検出する工程を含む、請求項1−28のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 生体サンプルは、体液、血液、血清、血漿、尿、唾液、細胞、組織、あるいはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1−29のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記生体サンプルは細胞を含み、前記方法は前記細胞を溶解する工程をさらに含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 捕捉された核酸断片を溶離する工程をさらに含む、請求項1−31のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 核酸断片を配列決定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1−32のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- DNA断片を捕捉する効率の増加は、方法の診断力または予測力あるいは精度を、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%、150%、200%、300%、400%、500%、1000%増加させる、請求項1−33のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- DNA断片を捕捉する効率の増加は、偽陽性率を、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%、150%、200%、300%、400%、500%、1000%減少させる、請求項1−34のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- DNA断片を捕捉する効率の増加は、偽陰性率を、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%、150%、200%、300%、400%、500%、1000%減少させる、請求項1−35のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記方法の実行は、0.60〜0.70、0.70〜0.79、0.80〜0.89、あるいは0.90〜1.00の範囲の受信者動作特性(ROC)曲線下面積(AUC)を特徴とする、請求項1−36のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20240207 |
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A912 | Re-examination (zenchi) completed and case transferred to appeal board |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A912 Effective date: 20240510 |