JP2021193947A - Vegetable harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve the problem that since a root cutting device mounted on a conventional vegetable harvesting machine cuts a root part by only a right and left pair of root cutting cutters, and it is difficult to neatly cut the root part, and provide a vegetable harvesting machine comprising a root cutting device for neatly cutting a root part.SOLUTION: A vegetable harvesting machine comprises: a transport unit 24 for holding and pulling out, from a farm field, a foliage part T1 of a bulbous crop T, and transporting the foliage part of the bulbous crop; and a root cutting device 10 for cutting a root part T3 extended downward from a bulb part T2 of the bulbous crop T whose foliage part T1 is held to the transport unit 24 and which is transported in a suspended posture vertically or substantially vertically. The root cutting device 10 is formed of: a spiral rotor 50 having a right and left pair of root cutting rotors 51, 51 provided on a front side of transport; and a cutter 60 provided on a rear side of the transport.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a vegetable harvester that harvests bulbous crops such as garlic, onions or yurine roots.

Conventionally, a bulbous crop vegetated in a field is pulled out from the field while sandwiching the leafy stem part, the leafy stem part is transported in an upright state by a transport device, and a predetermined length is used by a root cutting device. There is a vegetable harvester that cuts the roots (also called beard roots) at (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-07030

However, the root cutting device mounted on the conventional vegetable harvester cuts the root only with a pair of left and right root cutting cutters, and it is difficult to cut the root cleanly.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vegetable harvester equipped with a root cutting device for cutting roots cleanly.

The invention according to claim 1 is a transport device 24 that sandwiches the foliage portion T1 of the bulbous crop T and pulls it out from the field to transport it, and the foliage portion T1 is sandwiched by the transport device 24 and suspended vertically or substantially vertically. In a vegetable harvester equipped with a root cutting device 10 for cutting a root T3 extending downward from a bulb T2 of a bulb crop T to be transported in a raised posture, a pair of left and right roots provided with a root cutting device 10 on the front side of the transport. It is a vegetable harvester composed of a spiral rotor 50 having cutting rotors 51 and 51 and a cutter 60 provided on the rear side of the transport.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the root cutting device 10 is composed of a spiral rotor 50 having a pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 provided on the front side of the transfer and a cutter 60 provided on the rear side of the transfer. , The spiral rotor 50 is used to cut the long and lumpy root T3 of the onion T by pulling it downward, and then the root T3 that is in a state of hanging downward is cut so as to be aligned with the cutter 60. Can be done.

The invention according to claim 2 is the vegetable harvester according to claim 1, wherein the spiral rotor 50 and the cutter 60 are driven by different variable speed motors M1 and M2, respectively.

According to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, the spiral rotor 50 and the cutter 60 are driven by different variable speed motors M1 and M2, respectively. Even if the state of the root T3 differs depending on the field conditions and the harvest time, the driving speeds of the spiral rotor 50 and the cutter 60 can be set separately for optimum cutting.

The invention according to claim 3 is the vegetable harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51, 51 of the spiral rotor 50 are driven from the front side.

According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1 or 2, since the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51, 51 of the spiral rotor 50 are driven from the front side, the spiral rotor A pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51, 51 and a cutter 60 of 50 can be arranged close to each other, and the root portion T3 is continuously cut by both, so that appropriate root cutting work can be performed.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a recess 51b is formed at each rear end of a pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 of the spiral rotor 50, and a support shaft provided on the machine body side by a bearing 51c provided in the recess 51b. The vegetable harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is rotatably supported by 54a.

According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the effect of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 3, recesses in the rear ends of the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 of the spiral rotor 50. Since the 51b is formed and rotatably supported by the support shaft 54a provided on the machine body side by the bearing 51c provided in the recess 51b, the leaves of the onion T and dust are less likely to get entangled with the support shaft 54a, and the spiral is formed. Good cutting performance of the rotor 50 can be maintained.

The invention according to claim 5 is the vegetable harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61 of the cutter 60 are driven from the lower side.

According to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, the drive of the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61 of the cutter 60 is driven from the lower side. Therefore, there are no obstacles around the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61, and the onion T can be smoothly conveyed and appropriate root cutting work can be performed.

It is a left side view of the onion harvester which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a plan view of the onion harvester. It is a top view of the root cutting device of the onion harvester. It is a side view of the same root cutting device. It is a front view which shows the drive mechanism of the spiral rotor of the same root cutting device.

An onion harvester A will be described as an example of an embodiment of a vegetable harvester for harvesting a bulbous crop of the present invention (for example, a bulb, an onion, a lily root, etc.). In the following, it is referred to as front / rear and left / right with respect to the forward direction of the aircraft.
<Overall configuration>
As shown in FIG. 1, the onion harvester A includes a crawler-type traveling unit 12, an operating unit 13 in which a driver performs a traveling operation and a harvesting operation, a harvesting unit 14 for harvesting the onion T, and a harvested onion. It is composed of a transport unit 15 that transports T.

The traveling unit 12 is provided with drive wheels 17 rotatably at the front end of the traveling frame 16 extending in the front-rear direction, while the idler wheels 18 are rotatably supported at the rear end of the traveling frame 16 to drive them. A track 19 is wound between the wheel 17 and the floating wheel 18. In the figure, reference numeral 20 is a driving wheel.

The driver unit 13 includes a front column 21 arranged in front of the driver unit 13 and a driver's seat 22 for an operator to sit on.

The harvesting unit 14 comprises a scraping device 38, a transport device 24, a shoulder alignment device 25, a root cutting device 10, a foliage cutting device, and the like in one side processing unit 42, and the side processing unit 42 is used. The onion T is adjusted by rotating in the vertical direction around the fulcrum axis (not shown) provided on the traveling frame 16.

The transport unit 15 has a first conveyor 31 arranged behind the operation unit 13 and a second conveyor 32 arranged on the side of the operation unit 13. The first transfer conveyor 31 conveys the bulb portion T2 from which the root portion T3 has been cut by the root cutting device 10 to the second transfer conveyor 32 as a harvested product. The second conveyor 32 is capable of carrying out the bulbs T2 transferred by the first conveyor 31 that have been selected as non-defective products.

The scraping device 38 is a portion for scraping the foliage portion T1 of the onion T from the front of the machine body and facilitating the pulling out of the onion T by the transport device 24 described later. Specifically, the scraping device 38 is provided with a tine 35 that rotates backward in a plane with a backward slope, and the scaly portion T2 of the onion T is present in the ground by the tine 35. Scratch the foliage T1.

The foliage portion T1 scraped by the scraping device 38 is a transport device 24 composed of a pair of belts 33 that rotate backward together while being sandwiched by facing surfaces in a plane having a rearward slope provided behind the foliage portion T1. The onion T is pulled out from the ground by being pinched by.

The transport device 24 is configured by hanging an endless belt 33 around a drive pulley (not shown) provided at the rear of the side processing unit 42 and a driven pulley (not shown) provided at the front. ing.

Then, the transport device 24 sandwiches and pulls out the foliage portion T1 scraped by the scraping device 38, and the pulled out onion T is suspended substantially vertically with the foliage portion T1 portion sandwiched. It is transported backward and upward in the posture that was given.

A shoulder alignment device 25, a mud removing device 27, a root posture adjusting device 28, and the like are arranged in the middle of the transport device 24.

The shoulder alignment device 25 is a device for aligning (constant) the position of the bulb portion T2 of the onion T pulled out by the transport device 24.

The mud removing device 27 arranges the rotation axis of the rotating body 29 formed radially below the end portion of the shoulder alignment device 25 so as to be orthogonal to the transport direction of the transport device 24, and arranges the rotating body 29 on the left side. It is a device that rotates clockwise in a face-to-face manner to remove soil adhering to the root portion T3 and the scale portion T2 extending from the scale portion T2.

In the root posture adjusting device 28, the rotating bodies 40 and 40 provided with the axial rotation brush act on the bottom surface of the bulb portion T2 and the root portion T3 while rotating in the opposite directions to drop the soil, and the root portion T3 is cut by the root cutting device 10. In order to do so, the posture of the root T3 is adjusted.

A root cutting device 10 is arranged above the start end of the first conveyor 31 at the rear of the conveyor 24. The root cutting device 10 will be described in detail later.

Further, a foliage cutting device (not shown) is arranged above the root cutting device 10 and behind the root cutting device 10. The foliage cutting device cuts the foliage T1 from the bulb T2 to a predetermined length.

The onion harvester A holds the foliage portion T1 while traveling, pulls out the onion T, and transports the onion T backward and upward while maintaining its hanging posture, while the root portion extending downward from the bottom surface of the bulb portion T2. By cutting T3 and cutting the foliage portion T1 above it, the remaining bulb portion T2 is harvested.
<Root cutting device 10>
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5, the root cutting device 10 is arranged below the rear portion of the transport device 24, and the root portion T3 of the onion T to be transported while being suspended by the transport device 24. Cut from the bulb T2 to a predetermined length.

The root cutting device 10 is composed of a spiral rotor 50 provided on the front side of the transfer and a cutter 60 provided on the rear side of the transfer while the onion T is suspended by the transfer device 24. The spiral rotor 50 and the cutter 60 are detachably attached to the machine frame 16a (see FIG. 4) integrally fixed to the traveling frame 16, which is easy to maintain and clean and can be used as an existing vegetable harvester. It can also be installed later.

The spiral rotor 50 is equipped with a pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51, 51 provided symmetrically on the left and right sides of the transfer path 24a of the transfer device 24. The tips of the left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 are rotatably supported by a drive shaft 51a on a front case body 52 detachably fixed to the machine frame 16a. In addition, recesses 51b are formed in the rear ends of the left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51, and the base is fixed to the rear case body 53 which is detachably fixed to the machine frame 16a by the bearing 51c mounted in the recess 51b. It is rotatably supported by a support shaft 54a provided at the tip of the support arm 54.

A first electric motor M1 is provided on the rear wall of the front case body 52, a drive sprocket 55a is provided on the drive shaft 55 of the first electric motor M1, and a pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 are driven. A driven sprocket 51b is provided on the shaft 51a, an idle sprocket 56 is provided freely between the left and right driven sprockets 51b, and a chain 57 is wound around the driving sprocket 55a, the driven sprocket 51b / 51b, and the idle sprocket 56.

Further, the first electric motor M1 is a variable speed motor, and the on / off and rotation speed of the drive can be set by the dial type switch S1 provided on the front column 21.

Therefore, when the first electric motor M1 is driven, the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51, 51 rotate in the directions of arrows (a) and (b), respectively. An iron wire 51d is spirally welded and fixed to the surface of the rotor portions of the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Therefore, when the onion T is transported while being suspended by the transport device 24, the root portion T3 of the onion T enters between the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 and is cut by the spiral iron wire 51d.

The cutter 60 is arranged behind the spiral rotor 50, and is provided with a pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61 and a pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters provided symmetrically on the left and right sides of the transfer path 24a of the transfer device 24. It is equipped with a pair of left and right cup bodies 62, 62 that receive the lower surface of the bulb T2 of the onion T provided above each of the 61, 61.

The pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61 and 61 are fixed to the upper ends of the left and right cutter support shafts 61a rotatably supported by the left and right bearings 53a and 53a provided on the rear case body 53, respectively, and the pair of left and right roots are rooted. The outer peripheral circles of the cutting disk cutters 61 and 61 are arranged to overlap.

The pair of left and right cup bodies 62, 62 are fixed to the upper ends of the left and right cup support shafts 62a, which are vertically adjustable at the upper ends of the left and right cutter support shafts 61a. And on the lower peripheral edge of the pair of left and right cup bodies 62, 62. A protrusion 62a made of a soft resin extending outward is provided.

A second electric motor M2 is provided on the right side of the rear case body 53, a drive gear is provided at the lower end of the drive shaft of the second electric motor M2, and a driven gear is provided at each of the lower ends of the left and right cutter support shafts 61a. The drive gear and the driven gear are arranged in the left-right direction and meshed with each other.

Further, the second electric motor M2 is a variable speed motor, and the on / off and rotation speed of the drive can be set by the dial type switch S2 provided on the front column 21.

Therefore, when the second electric motor M2 is driven, the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61 and 61 and the pair of left and right cup bodies 62 and 62 rotate in the directions of arrows (c) and (2), respectively. Therefore, the onion T is transported while being suspended by the transport device 24. First, the root portion T3 of the onion T is cut off by the spiral rotor 50, and then the bulb portion of the onion T is formed by the pair of left and right cup bodies 62 and 62. The lower surface of the T2 is received and sent to the downstream side of the transport by the rotation of the pair of left and right cup bodies 62, 62. At that time, the root portion T3 of the onion T passes between the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61, and the lower end of the root portion T3 is neatly trimmed. Further, since the protrusion 62a made of soft resin extending outward from the lower peripheral edge portion of the pair of left and right cup bodies 62, 62 conveys the root portion T3 of the onion T between the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61. The root T3 does not stagnate in front of the pair of left and right root cutting disc cutters 61 and 61, and the root T3 smoothly passes between the pair of left and right root cutting disc cutters 61 and 61 to perform appropriate root cutting work. To.

In short, the root cutting device 10 is composed of a spiral rotor 50 provided on the front side of the transfer and a cutter 60 provided on the rear side of the transfer while the onion T is suspended by the transfer device 24. , The spiral rotor 50 is used to cut the long and lumpy root T3 of the onion T by pulling it downward, and then the root T3 that is in a state of hanging downward is cut so as to be aligned with the cutter 60. Can be done.

Further, since the spiral rotor 50 and the cutter 60 are driven by the first electric motor M1 and the second electric motor M2, which are separate variable speed motors, the dial type switch S1 and the dial type switch S2 provided on the front column 21 are used. The drive rotation speed can be set for each, and even if the state of the root T3 differs depending on the type of onion T, the field conditions, and the harvest time, the drive speeds of the spiral rotor 50 and the cutter 60 can be set separately for optimum. Can be disconnected.

Further, the spiral rotor 50 is driven from the front side (a driven sprocket 51b provided on the front portion of the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51, 51 with a drive shaft 51a provided on each drive shaft 51a, and a first electric motor. Since the drive sprocket 55a, idle sprocket 56 and chain 57 provided on the drive shaft 55 of M1 are arranged on the front side), the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 of the spiral rotor 50 and the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters of the cutter 60 are arranged. The 61 and 61 can be arranged in close proximity to each other, and the root portion T3 is continuously cut by both, so that appropriate root cutting work can be performed.

Further, recesses 51b are formed at the rear ends of the pair of left and right root cutting rotors 51 and 51 of the spiral rotor 50, and the rear portions are detachably fixed to the machine frame 16a by the bearings 51c mounted on the recesses 51b. Since the support shaft 54a provided at the tip of the support arm 54 to which the base is fixed to the case body 53 is rotatably supported, the onion leaves and dust are less likely to get entangled with the support shaft 54a, and the spiral rotor. Good cutting performance of 50 can be maintained.

Further, the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters 61, 61 of the cutter 60 and the pair of left and right cup bodies 62, 62 are driven from the lower side (a drive gear is provided at the lower end of the drive shaft of the second electric motor M2). , Each of the lower ends of the left and right cutter support shafts 61a is provided with driven gears, and each drive gear and driven gear are arranged and meshed in the left-right direction). Since there are no obstacles around 62 and 62, the onion T can be smoothly transported and appropriate root cutting work can be performed.

10 Root cutting device 24 Conveying device 50 Spiral rotor 51 Root cutting rotor 51b Recess 51c Bearing 54a Support shaft 60 Cutter 61 Root cutting disk cutter M1 Variable speed motor (1st electric motor)
M2 variable speed motor (second electric motor)
T bulb crop (onion)
T1 foliage T2 bulb T3 root

Claims (5)

A transport device (24) that sandwiches the foliage portion (T1) of the bulbous crop (T) and pulls it out from the field to transport it, and the foliage portion (T1) is sandwiched by the transport device (24) and is vertically or substantially vertical. In a vegetable harvester equipped with a root cutting device (10) for cutting a root portion (T3) extending downward from a bulbous portion (T2) of a bulbous crop (T) transported in a suspended posture.
The root cutting device (10) is characterized by being composed of a spiral rotor (50) having a pair of left and right root cutting rotors (51, 51) provided on the front side of the transfer and a cutter (60) provided on the rear side of the transfer. Vegetable harvester. The vegetable harvester according to claim 1, wherein the spiral rotor (50) and the cutter (60) are driven by different variable speed motors (M1, M2). The vegetable harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pair of left and right root cutting rotors (51, 51) of the spiral rotor (50) are driven from the front side. Recesses (51b) are formed at the rear ends of each pair of left and right root cutting rotors (51, 51) of the spiral rotor (50), and the bearings (51c) provided in the recesses (51b) are provided on the machine body side. The vegetable harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vegetable harvester is rotatably supported by a support shaft (54a). The vegetable harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pair of left and right root cutting disk cutters (61, 61) of the cutter (60) are driven from the lower side.

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