JP2021185334A - Multilayered composite ballistic article - Google Patents

Abstract

To achieve the needed velocity reduction while satisfying weight restrictions on anti-ballistic armor.SOLUTION: A multi-paneled penetration resistant composite comprises a layered panel configuration that mitigates transmission of impact stress between adjacent, or proximate, penetration resistant composite panels. For example, areas of reduced density, provided by an intermediate stress mitigation panel positioned between adjacent composite panels and varying densities of composite layers within a composite panel, can mitigate transmission of stress between adjacent, or proximate, composite panels. For example, areas of varying densities within multiple panels can mitigate transmission of stress between adjacent, or proximate, composite layers within the panels.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2A

Description

Each aspect relates to a multi-layer composite panel that is resistant to ballistic penetration or configured to reduce the speed of ballistic projectiles. In some embodiments, the anti-ballistic equipment comprises two woven ballistic layer panels surrounding the compressible panel. In some embodiments, the anti-ballistic equipment comprises one or two woven ballistic layer panels, each woven ballistic layer to reduce stress propagation between adjacent layers in the event of a launch impact. It is arranged in a configuration where the density changes.

Many different uses have been found for penetration resistant materials. For example, penetration resistant materials can be used to protect storage containers, vehicles, and personnel from damage from projectiles. These materials also generally provide protection from penetration, such as by flying bullet debris.

Many types of penetration resistant materials, such as Kevlar®, are made from high-strength fibers. These fibers are integrated or layered on a garment article such as a vest or part of a vest. In addition, the fiber can be used as part of a woven or knitted fabric. For other uses, the fiber is encapsulated or incorporated in a composite material.

Due to the trade-off between weight and ballistic penetration resistance, many materials with a particular weight cannot stop or significantly slow down ballistic projectiles. Also, stacked multi-layer anti-ballistic composites are generally known to increase resistance to ballistic penetration. However, with multiple layers, the total weight of the finished panel will also increase. The total weight of the panel is becoming more and more important, for example in panels used for wearable anti-ballistic armor. Weight can also be an important factor for large vehicles such as trucks, ships, and aircraft, as increasing weight reduces fuel efficiency and speed.

Each aspect of the invention relates to the discovery of a non-linear relationship between the number of stacked panels inside a penetration resistant material and the decrease in velocity of the projectile as the projectile advances through anti-ballistic equipment. be. The present invention is not limited by any specific theory, but as the projectile passes through one or more layers of material in a multi-layer panel, its force is applied to subsequent panels within the ballistic equipment. It is believed to bring about stress propagation that can be "stress". This prestressing force on subsequent panels may reduce the ability of adjacent inner panels to slow down ballistic projectiles when compared to external panels. For example, when a ballistic projectile comes into contact with the outer first panel, the projectile may deform one or more layers in the panel. This deformation can result in shock waves or crush the first panel, impacting or cracking the adjacent layers (s) in the adjacent panel, weakening them. This prestress on the layers of the adjacent panel may prevent the adjacent panel from reaching its full potential for ballistic protection.

This is especially true for multi-layer composite panels where the interlocking of crystals between adjacent layers of the composite can reduce the ductility of each layer. For this reason, deformation of the first layer more easily results in prestressing of adjacent layers of the panel. Therefore, if one compound ballistic panel reduces the incident velocity of the impacted projectile by x feet (ft / s) per second, the deceleration by the two adjacent panels can be less than 2 x ft / s.

In some cases, large projectiles can travel at collision velocities in excess of 8,000 ft / s. It may not be feasible to stop such projectiles altogether, but in some embodiments it is sufficient to reduce the velocity below a predetermined threshold. This deceleration can reduce the possibility of damage or explosion of equipment protected by anti-ballistic materials. For example, some embodiments relate to impact resistant cargo containers for missiles and other energy materials and other weapons. An anti-ballistic container using the anti-ballistic equipment of each embodiment described herein may not be able to completely prevent the ballistic projectile from penetrating the outer shell of the container, but the article may be. The speed of the projectile can be reduced below the threshold that causes the weapon to explode in the event of a collision. As mentioned above, there is a relationship between the weight of the panel in the anti-ballistic equipment and the ability of the panel to prevent penetration. In some embodiments, it may be more desirable to provide a weight-reduced container that only slows down a particular ballistic projectile below a predetermined threshold. In another embodiment, the container may be designed to have a panel of sufficient number and / or configuration to prevent ballistic projectiles from penetrating into the container while being heavier.

One is the non-linear relationship between the number of composite panels in anti-ballistic equipment and the projectile deceleration capacity of each panel, and between the number of panels in anti-ballistic equipment and the projectile deceleration capacity of the equipment. Due to the non-linear relationship of, it can be very difficult to achieve the required deceleration while meeting the weight limits of anti-ballistic armor. To solve the above problems, each embodiment of the present invention has a panel configuration and / or an internal panel layer configuration that reduces the transfer of stress of collisions between adjacent or adjacent penetration resistant composite panels. The present invention relates to a penetration resistant article of a multi-layer panel. For example, a low density region is provided by one or both of an intermediate stress relief region (or panel) located between adjacent composite panels and a density change of the composite layer within the composite panel, adjacent or adjacent composite panels. The transfer of stress between can be reduced.

In one embodiment, an intermediate layer may be located between two penetration resistant composite layers to reduce or eliminate stress propagation from the first impacted layer to the next impacted layer. For this reason, the laminate of the two penetration-resistant composite layers and the intermediate layer increases the resistance to colliding projectiles when compared to the laminate of the two penetration-resistant composite layers arranged so as to be directly adjacent to each other. be able to. In some embodiments, such a configuration brings the relationship between the number of penetration resistant composite layers and the projectile deceleration capability closer to a linear relationship.

In some embodiments with multiple penetration resistant composite layers, one or more intermediate layers may be provided between each pair of adjacent composite layers. In some embodiments, one or more cured layers may be further provided. This hardened layer can reduce the deformation of the composite layer that is collided and / or stop the flying projectiles rather than simply slowing them down. The intermediate layer (s) absorbs, redirects, or otherwise otherwise dissipates the stress of the collision so as to isolate the stress to a single composite panel or two adjacent composite panels. Can be mitigated.

The penetration resistant composites described herein are textiles, layered fibers, or twisted strands on the surface of glass, polyamide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, carbon, or graphite fibers. , Polarized strands with selected metals, salts, oxides, hydroxides, or metal sulphides polar-bonded, and / or salts, oxides, water between adjacent substrate strands and / or substrate fibers. It comprises a substrate material consisting of strands of sufficient concentration to form crosslinks of oxides or sulphides. In some embodiments, the salt can be a halide. Single or multiple layers of salt or hydride bonded fibers are coated with a substantially water impermeable coating material. Penetration resistant products in panels and other shapes can be produced using composite layers.

In various embodiments, the intermediate layer is a compressible material, a ductile material, a spacing matrix, a gap filled with gas or liquid, a brittle material configured to be crushed at the impact speed of the projectile, or a stress or It can be other material configured to divert the force from the direction of travel of the projectile (eg, in a direction perpendicular to it). The material of the intermediate layer may be selected to be able to isolate stress and be lightweight in embodiments where the anti-ballistic equipment is weight constrained.

Therefore, one embodiment is a first panel; a stress reduction panel arranged adjacent to the first panel; and a second panel arranged adjacent to the second panel, wherein the stress reduction panel is the first. It is configured to substantially reduce the stress propagation to the second panel caused by the deformation of the panel, the first panel and the second panel each comprising multiple layers of polarized ballistic fiber woven fabric, metal salts, and the like. The present invention relates to a multi-panel composite ballistic article comprising a second panel in which an oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is polarly bonded to a polarized ballistic fiber.

In some embodiments, the stress relief panel comprises a compressible material configured to substantially reduce stress propagation to the second panel. The compressible material may include a foam material, a cloth, or a woven material. In some embodiments, the stress relief panel comprises a frame or grid structure configured to substantially reduce stress propagation to the second panel. In some embodiments, the stress relief panel comprises an incompressible liquid that reduces stress propagation to the second panel by distributing the forces generated by the deformation of the first panel over the entire surface area of the liquid. In some embodiments, the stress relief panel comprises a material configured to be impacted and ground so as to substantially reduce stress propagation to the second panel. The material configured to be ground may include a ceramic material. In some embodiments, the stress relief panel comprises a composite panel having a density lower than that of the first panel.

The thickness of the second panel can be 10% to 50% of the total thickness of the multi-panel composite ballistic equipment.

In some embodiments, a third panel arranged adjacent to the second panel; a fourth panel arranged adjacent to the third panel, and the third panel is a third panel. It is configured to substantially reduce the stress propagation to the fourth panel caused by deformation, the fourth panel comprising a multi-layered woven fabric of polarized ballistic fibers, metal salts, oxides, hydroxides, Alternatively, the hydride is polarly bonded to the polarized ballistic fiber. The third panel may include a compressible material configured to substantially reduce stress propagation to the fourth panel. The compressible material may include a foam material, a cloth, or a woven material. The fourth panel may have an inner layer and an outer layer. The outer layer can be a hardened layer that is less likely to be deformed than the inner layer.

The metal salt may include one or more of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, or double metal salts.

The second panel may have an inner layer and an outer layer. The outer layer can be a hardened layer that is less likely to be deformed than the inner layer. The filling density of the woven fabric in the outer layer can be greater than about 0.40 g / cc of the open fabric volume. The outer layer may contain ceramics such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide, silicates, or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the first panel is the same as the thickness of the second panel. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first panel differs from the thickness of the second panel. In some embodiments, the composition of the compound bound to the woven fabric of the first panel is different from the composition of the compound bound to the woven fabric of the second panel.

In some embodiments, the first panel has an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being a hardened layer that is less deformable than the outer layer. The filling density of the woven fabric in the inner layer can be greater than about 0.40 g / cc of the open fabric volume.

The filling density of the salt bound to the woven fabric of the first panel and the second panel can vary from 0.2 g / cc of the open fabric volume to about 0.60 g / cc. The first panel and / or the second panel may contain fibers of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite. The article may be sealed within a waterproof material.

In some embodiments, the composite article comprises bulletproof vests, vehicle armor, or panel articles for storage or transport containers.

Another embodiment is a multi-layer composite ballistic panel with varying densities, the first region of at least one first layer of woven fabric material having a first density, and at least one of the materials. A first region comprising a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar bound to the first layer; a second layer of at least one second layer of woven fabric material having a second density. A region comprising a second region comprising a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar-bonded to at least one second layer of the textile fabric material; a textile having a third density. A third region of at least one third layer of the dough material, comprising a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar-bonded to at least one third layer of the woven fabric material. A third region, the first region, the second region, and the third region relate to a multi-layer composite ballistic panel having different densities.

In some embodiments, the first density is greater than the second or third density. The first density can be at least 10% greater than the second or third density. The first density can be greater than the second density but smaller than the third density. In some embodiments, the first density is smaller than the second density.

Some embodiments are at least one fourth region of at least one fourth layer of the fabric fabric material having a fourth density, which is polar bound to at least one fourth layer of the fabric fabric material. It further comprises a fourth region comprising a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride.

In some embodiments, the density of bound metal salts, oxides, hydroxides, or hydrides in the first region is different from that in the second region. In the first region, the density of bound metal salts, oxides, hydroxides, or hydrides can be greater than in the second region. In the first region, a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride compound different from that in the second region is bound to the woven fabric material, and in some embodiments, the third region also has a second region. Metal salts, oxides, hydroxides, or hydride compounds that differ from the region may be attached to the fabric fabric material.

In some embodiments, the first region has a different woven fabric material than the second region. The first region may have a woven fabric material of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite, which is different from the second region. The third region may have a different woven fabric material than the second region. For example, the third region may have a woven fabric material of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite, which is different from the second region.

In some embodiments, at least one first layer of the woven fabric and at least one second layer of the woven fabric have different weaving patterns. At least one first layer of the woven fabric can have a first filament diameter, has at least one second layer second filament diameter of the woven fabric, and the first filament diameter and the second filament diameter are different. ing.

In some embodiments, the at least one first layer of the woven fabric material is a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, of a first packing density that is polar bound to at least one first layer of the material. Alternatively, a second packing density salt, oxide, hydroxide, which has a hydride and at least one second layer of the woven fabric material is polar-bonded to at least one second layer of the material. Alternatively, it has a hydride, and the first filling density and the second filling density are different. For example, at least one third layer of woven fabric material has a third packing density metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar-bonded to at least one third layer of material. The first filling density, the second filling density, and the third filling density can be different.

Hereinafter, each disclosed aspect will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided for illustration purposes and are not intended to limit the aspects disclosed. In the drawings, similar symbols represent similar elements.

Illustrated is an example of a projectile resistant enclosure having a wall with a penetration resistant composite article described herein. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the wall portion of the enclosure of FIG. 1A. FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic cross-section of an embodiment in which an projectile collides with a penetration resistant composite article and a compressible intermediate panel. A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which an projectile collides with a penetration-resistant composite article and a force-dispersing intermediate panel is illustrated. Examples of panel configurations for various embodiments for a multi-layer penetration-resistant composite laminate are illustrated. Examples of panel configurations for various embodiments for a multi-layer penetration-resistant composite laminate are illustrated. Examples of panel configurations for various embodiments for a multi-layer penetration-resistant composite laminate are illustrated. FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a multi-layer panel composite article having a composite panel with layers of varying density.

1. 1. Introduction Each embodiment of the present invention relates to a multi-layer penetration resistant article or structure having a mixed layer structure that reduces the transfer of collision stress between different layers within the article. For example, a multi-layered article may have a stress reduction region located between the first penetration resistant layer and the second penetration resistant layer. Deformation or stress caused by the impact of the projectile with the first or more layers of the article is mitigated by the stress mitigation region, so that the impact of the projectile on the first layer does not substantially weaken the second layer. .. For this reason, each embodiment comprises a ballistic panel comprising a penetration resistant layer and having a mixed laminate having one or more intermediate stress reduction regions within or between the ballistic panels. This may provide articles that more effectively reduce the speed of colliding projectiles or impede the ability of projectiles to penetrate the penetration resistant layer as compared to articles that do not have stress relief areas.

[Reduction of stress between panels]
Ballistic supplies can include one or more ballistic panels, each panel comprising one or more composite layers with woven fibers and binding particles, as described herein. Each panel may contain any number of woven fabric layers. For example, each panel may have 1 to 30 layers of woven fabric. In another embodiment, it may have 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or more layers. In one embodiment, each panel has 5 to 15 layers of textile material.

Ballistic equipment can include any number of panels. For example, in some embodiments, the article is 1 piece, 2 pieces, 3 pieces, 4 pieces, 5 pieces, 6 pieces, 7 pieces, 8 pieces, 9 pieces, 10 pieces, 11 pieces, 12 pieces, 13 pieces. It may have, 14, 15, or more panels. As used herein, panels are not limited to planar structures, and the term "panel" refers to planar and non-planar structures (eg, curved, cylindrical, circular, pointed edges, etc.). ) Can be included.

In one embodiment, the intermediate stress reduction (or mitigation) region is located between two adjacent penetration resistant composite panels so as to reduce or eliminate stress propagation from the first panel to the second panel. For this reason, the laminate of two or more penetration resistant composite panels and stress mitigation regions is resistant to colliding projectiles when compared to a laminate of two or more penetration resistant composite panels placed directly adjacent to each other. Tolerance can increase. In some embodiments, such a configuration approaches a linear relationship between the number of penetration resistant composite panels and the ability to reduce the velocity of projectiles traveling through the article of interest.

The stress relief area may be a stress relief panel and shall consist of a material selected to have both stress isolation and light weight, especially in embodiments where the anti-ballistic equipment is weight constrained. Can be done. In some embodiments, the stress relief panel comprises a compressible material and / or a ductile material. For example, one suitable material may be a foaming material, such as an open cell foaming material / reticulated foaming material. Other suitable materials used in stress relief panels may be porous or low density solids, lightweight compressible materials, aramid fabrics, polyethylene fabrics, non-impregnated fiberglass fabrics, carbon fibers and the like. In another embodiment, the stress relief panel can consist of a structured frame with voids formed between adjacent composite panels in the article. Spacing grids, matrices, or lightweight 3D spacing knit fabrics may be used in stress relief panels to reduce the stress transfer of collisions from one protective layer to another within the article. .. In some embodiments, the gaps between adjacent composite panels may be filled with gas (eg, air) or liquid to reduce the stress of collisions between adjacent panels within the ballistic equipment.

In some embodiments, the stress relief region comprises one or more cured panels disposed between adjacent composite panels. The hardened panel can reduce the deformation of the composite panel that is collided and / or can stop the flying ballistic projectiles rather than simply slow them down. In this embodiment, when the flying ballistic projectile comes into contact with the hardening panel, the force of the projectile can be reduced. When the projectile hits the hardened panel, the force of the projectile is distributed in a direction perpendicular to its direction of travel. The intermediate curing panel (s) can absorb, reorient, or otherwise reorient the stress of a collision so as to isolate the stress to a single composite layer or two or more adjacent composite layers. This can be mitigated with.

The cured panel may consist of a brittle material that cracks or shatters upon impact of the projectile. This type of brittle panel can redirect and / or absorb the force propagating of the projectile as it penetrates the article. Hard and brittle materials can also help reduce deformation of the composite layer or panel being impacted. For example, the cured panel may be made of a ceramic material such as boron carbide or silicon carbide. The cured panel may be made of other materials such as aluminum oxide, silicates, mixtures thereof and the like.

In one embodiment, the hardened panel may be provided on the outermost surface of the ballistic equipment initially struck by the projectile in order to reduce the effectiveness of the armor-penetrating projectile. Some armor-penetrating projectiles function by being formed in the shape of a drill bit and fired through a barrel configured to rotate the projectile. This causes the projectile to hit the ballistic material with a rotary drill-type movement that helps the projectile cut and penetrate the ballistic material. However, a hardened outer panel on an article, such as a ceramic panel or a hardened outer composite layer of an outer panel, can be drilled into subsequent layers and / or panels by scraping or destroying the tip of the armor-penetrating projectile. The ability to penetrate can be reduced.

In another embodiment, the penetration resistant article may include a cured composite layer on the back surface of the composite panel (ie, the surface opposite the collision surface). This can reduce the deformation of the last composite layer of the article and also diffuse the remaining kinetic force of the projectile as the projectile exits the penetration resistant article.

The penetration resistant articles described herein may have multiple composite panels along with stress relief panels in an alternative configuration. Each composite layer in the plurality of composite panels may be provided with the same base material and bonded particles, and may be provided with different base materials and / or bonded particles. The plurality of composite panels may have the same thickness as each other or may have different thicknesses from each other. Penetration-resistant articles of multi-layer panels may include any number of composite panels required to reduce the collision speed of colliding projectiles to the desired speed.

[Reducing stress in the panel]
As described in more detail below, each panel of composite material can be made of a substrate material consisting of textiles, layered fibers, or twisted fibers, the substrate material of which is the metal of choice. , Salts (mostly halides), oxides, hydroxides, or metal hydrides are polar bonded. Each embodiment also includes within the panel stress relief regions formed by regions of different composite densities. For example, the stress relief region can be one or more regions in the panel that have a composite layer of fabric having a different density than the other regions in the multi-layer composite panel. In one embodiment, the area within the panel with low composite density can reduce the prestressing force generated by the colliding projectiles.

As will be described later, the regions within the composite panel may differ in density by a predetermined amount. One area of the panel is 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, or more compared to another area. Can be of different densities. For example, the multi-layer panel may be constructed to have a first region of the woven fabric layer that is contacted by the projectile and is relatively dense so as to slow down the projectile. However, the second region of the fabric layer within the panel is made at a slightly lower density in the overall ballistic equipment to reduce the prestressing force that the projectile exerts on the adjacent region or panel. obtain. As an example, a panel with eight fabric layers may have an overall relatively dense first region consisting of four fabric layers. The region consisting of the four fabric layers next to it may have a relatively low density to reduce stress on other panels in the ballistic equipment.

There are various ways to change the density of areas within a composite panel. For example, varying the packing density of a metal, salt, oxide, hydroxide, or metal hydride that polarly binds to the surface of the fiber is one way to alter the density of the final fabric layer. .. In general, the use of complex compounds with high packing densities will result in the creation of denser fiber composite layers. As an example, if a packing density of 0.6 g / cm is used, a relatively dense composite layer is created, and if a filling density of, for example, 0.2 g / cm is used, the density is relatively high in the panel. A low composite material is created. As described above, by filling the woven fibers with the packing densities of 0.8 g / cm, 0.7 g / cm, 0.6 g / cm, or 0.5 g / cm, the high-density composite layer can be obtained. Can be created. The low density dough layer can be made by using one having a packing density of 0.4 g / cm, 0.3 g / cm, 0.2 g / cm, or 0.1 g / cm.

The density of layers within a multi-layer region of a panel can also be determined by choosing different woven fabric materials for each layer or region. In addition, the density of each layer in the panel can also be varied by selecting different metal, salt, oxide, hydroxide, or metal hydride compositions for filling the various dough layers. .. Density changes can also be achieved by using different fabrics with different weaves, weave patterns, or filament geometries of the substrate or substrate composition.

Thus, in some embodiments, the composite panel may have a dough layer region created by filling each layer of woven fabric with varying packing densities of salt. For example, the panel has a first region created by filling one or more dough layers such that the packing density of the metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is 0.6 g / cc. It may have a second region created by filling one or more dough layers such that the density of the metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is as low as 0.2 g / cc. .. Of course, it is also envisioned within the scope of the invention to create composite panel areas at other densities. In a variant, the panel can have several different density regions, each region having a different density and a layer of composite material. In some embodiments, the panel may have 2 to 10 regions of varying density, preferably 2 to 6 regions of varying density.

For example, one embodiment may be a ballistic article comprising two composite panels within each wall of the article. The first panel can have 10 dough layers, the first 5 dough layers are produced with a salt with a filling density of 0.6 g / cm and the next 5 dough layers have a filling density. Is produced with a salt of 0.2 g / cm. The second panel may have 20 layers of dough, each pair of layers having a different density than the adjacent pair of layers. Therefore, the second panel can have 10 pairs of layers, and these layer pairs have packing densities of 0.6 g / cm, 0.5 g / cm, 0.2 g / cm, and 0. Produced with salts of 3 g / cm, 0.6 g / cm, 0.3 g / cm, 0.5 g / cm, 0.6 g / cm, 0.2 g / cm, 0.6 g / cm.

Other combinations of composite density in each panel are also assumed within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the first panel may have different densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, or more of the final composite material within each panel. A relatively low density stress relief area may be placed adjacent to the first panel, and a second panel with different fabric densities of 5, 10, 15, or 20 may be placed adjacent to the stress reduction area. In an alternative embodiment, the first and second panels are directly adjacent to each other and there is no separation stress reduction panel placed between the two panels with varying densities.

Another related embodiment is a ballistic article in which only a single panel forms the wall of the article. In this embodiment, the panel may have 10, 20, 30, or more woven fabric layers. Each region of one or more woven fabric layers can have different densities and can be configured to reduce the stress generated by the flying ballistic projectiles. When the projectile is incident on a single panel, the projectile penetrates the first region of one or more layers with a first density and then through the second region of one or more layers with a relatively low density. obtain. Once the ballistic projectile penetrates the second region of one or more layers, the low density region can reduce stress by reducing the prestressing force of the projectile against additional layers in the panel.

In this single panel embodiment, the panel can have many different regions, each region having a different density. The densities in each region may be achieved by the formation of composite layers with different salt filling densities. The different densities in each region may also be achieved by choosing different fabric materials with different weaves, weave patterns, filament geometries, or substrate compositions. For example, within a ballistic panel, at least one first layer of woven fabric may have a first filament diameter and at least one second layer of woven fabric may have a different second filament diameter. can. By using different filament diameters, the material layer can be made to have a change in density. Similarly, each layer in the panel may have a pattern in which the fabric is woven differently, and each weave pattern may form a composite layer having a different density. In some embodiments, different weave patterns may include plain weaves, twill weaves, satin, baskets, leno weaves, simulated leno weaves and the like.

The single panel of this embodiment may be designed to provide a higher level of collision resistance compared to a panel having a single material packing density or a single material composition. In some embodiments, the panel may have an alternative layer with a higher or lower composite density. In some embodiments, the panel has a relatively high density in the first region of the layer, gradually decreasing in density in some regions following the layer, and increasing in density in some further regions of the layer. It may have a gradual layer consisting of different density regions, gradually increasing.

It should be understood that in some embodiments, compounds of different compositions can bind to the fibers in different fabric layers within the panel. For example, one area within the panel may consist of a dough layer with metal salt bonds. Another region may be those with different metal salts or metal oxides attached to the fiber layer. Other regions may have fibers filled with yet another metal salt, hydroxide, or metal hydride compound. This allows one set of layers to achieve a different composition than the other, and these different compositions may be selected to provide different densities within the multi-layer ballistic panel.

Some embodiments are required, for example, to prevent stress propagation between adjacent panels, or to increase the effectiveness of the anti-ballistic properties of the entire article, the thickness of the stress-relieving panel. Intermediate stress relief regions can be combined with density changes in the composite layer within the composite panel to reduce.

It should be understood that articles within the scope of the invention can have stress relief regions, formed within the panels, and can further have stress relief regions located between different panels. ..

2. 2. Overview of Penetration-Resistant Composite Examples The penetration-resistant layers and composite supplies described herein can be made from a substrate material comprising woven or twisted polarized or layered strands of the substrate. Such woven or twisted substrate materials are elongated or continuous fibers such as fabrics and fabrics, or unwoven and twisted fiber materials such as yarns and ropes, which are fibers or strands of fibers. Incorporates or utilizes twisted or aligned forms such as yarn or strand fabrics. A three-dimensional weave that can have a variety of or different weave patterns and that provides multidimensional strength characteristics compared to a two-dimensional weave with anisotropic strength characteristics is preferably used. obtain. The substrate may also be elongated and / or continuous fibers or filaments as opposed to finely divided or loose fibers or strands that do not form a meshing pattern or structural pattern with respect to the fibrous substrate. Use. Suitable materials also include a needle weave layer of substrate fiber strands. Alternatively, a layer of elongated, substantially continuous fiber strands that are not woven in a three-dimensional weave may be used. The continuous layer of fibers is preferably located along different axes to provide substrate strength in multiple directions. Also, such layers of non-woven fibers may be located between the layers of woven fibers.

Examples of the base material on which the fiber strands are formed include fibers of glass, polyamide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, carbon, or graphite. Glass fiber is the preferred fiber material. Woven glass fibers are relatively inexpensive, and woven glass fiber fabrics are easy to handle and process when preparing composites. The glass fiber can be E-glass and / or S-glass, the latter having higher tensile strength. In addition, fiberglass fabrics are available in a number of different weave patterns, and in this respect the fiberglass materials are also good candidates for composites. Also, carbon and / or graphite fiber strands may be used. Polyamide materials or nylon polymer fiber strands are also useful and have good mechanical properties. Aromatic polyamide resins (aramid resin fiber strands commercially available as Kevlar® and Nomex®) are also useful. Yet another useful fiber strand material is polyethylene, a polyphenylene sulfide commercially available as Ryton®, or a high elasticity marketed as Spectra® (Honeywell International, Morris Township, NJ). Consists of polyethylene. Combinations of two or more of the above materials may be used for substrate formation, and specific layer materials may be selected to take advantage of the characteristic properties of each material. The substrate material preferably has an open volume of at least about 30%, more preferably 50% or more and about 90% or less.

The surfaces of the fibers and fiber strands of the substrate material may be polarized. The polarized fibers are generally present in commercially available fabrics, woven fabrics and other substrates of the above-mentioned forms. If not, the substrate may be treated to polarize the surface of the fibers and strands. The requirement for surface polarization of the fiber, i.e., whether given by the manufacturer on the substrate or treated to polarize the fiber, in one embodiment opens the packing density of the salt on the fiber to the open substrate. It should be sufficient to have a volume (open fiber volume) of at least about 0.3 g / cc. Thereby, the bound metal salt forms a crosslink between the adjacent fibers and / or the adjacent strands of the substrate. The polarity of the substrate material determines the weight of the salt polarly bound to the substrate by immersing the substrate in a solution of salt or otherwise treating the substrate with a solution of salt and drying the material. This can be easily determined. Alternatively, the polar bond can be determined by optically testing a sample of dried substrate material and observing the degree of salt cross-linking to the surface of adjacent fibers and / or strands. Prior to such salt binding determination, the substrate may be tested to see if oil or lubricant is present on the surface. The oil-coated material may, in some circumstances, substantially adversely affect the ability of the substrate fiber surface to form ionic, polar bonds with metal salts or hydrides. In the presence of surface oil, the substrate can be readily treated, for example, by heating the material to a temperature sufficient to heat off or evaporate the undesired lubricant. The oil or lubricant may also be removed by treating the substrate with a solvent and then appropriately drying the material to remove the solvent and the dissolved lubricant. The substrate may be treated with a polar liquid such as water, alcohol or inorganic acid (eg sulfuric acid).

The substrate can be electrostatically charged by discharging or exposing the material to a "corona" to improve surface polarity. Such treatment binds oxygen molecules in the discharge region to the ends of the molecules in the substrate material, resulting in a chemically activated polar bond surface. Again, in some embodiments, the substrate material should be virtually oil-free prior to electrostatic treatment.

In one embodiment, the substrate surface is effective against metal salts, oxides, hydroxides, or hydrides by impregnation, immersion, spraying, flushing, immersion, or other methods. Upon exposure to, one or more particles such as metal salts, metal oxides, hydroxides, or metal hydrides bind to the surface of the polarization substrate material. A preferred method of attaching a salt to a substrate is to impregnate, soak, or spray the material with a solution, slurry, or suspension, or mixture containing a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride. It is then by removing the solvent or carrier by drying, heating and / or vacuuming. The substrate may be impregnated by pumping a salt suspension, slurry, or solution, or liquid-salt mixture through the material into the material. When the liquid carrier is a solvent for the salt, it may be preferable to use a saturated solution of the salt to impregnate the substrate. However, in some cases, low concentrations of salt may be used, for example if it is necessary to follow acceptable packing densities or if so indicated. If the solubility of the salt in the liquid carrier is impractical or insoluble, a substantially homogeneous dispersion may be used. If an electrostatically charged substrate is used, the salt can be attached by spraying or sprinkling dry salt or hydride particles on the material.

As mentioned above, in some embodiments, sufficient amounts to substantially bridge the salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride crystal structure between adjacent fibers and / or strands. It may be necessary to bond metal salts, halides, oxides, hydroxides, or hydrides onto the substrate. For substrates made of glass, aramid, or carbon, an open substrate volume of at least about 0.3 g / cc, preferably at least about 0.4 g / cc, most preferably at least about 0.5 g / cc. By setting the volume of the substrate (often smaller for polyethylene-based fabrics (eg 0.2 grams / cc to 0.3 grams / cc)), sufficient amounts of metal salts, oxides, hydroxides. , Or hydrides are provided. This is about 25% to about 95% of the untreated substrate volume, preferably about 50% to about 90% of the untreated substrate volume, for most materials except some of the fine polyethylene fabrics. Is. After the above treatment, the material is dried in the equipment under predetermined conditions so that a flat layer or other desired size and shape is formed using a mold or formwork. The dried substrate easily retains its shape. In one embodiment, the substrate is dried to substantially remove the solvent, carrier fluid and other liquids. However, a small amount of fluid, for example 1% to 2% or less of solvent, is acceptable without reducing the strength of the material. Those skilled in the art will appreciate such drying techniques and handling techniques for solvent removal.

Metal salts (mainly halides), oxides, or hydroxides bonded to the substrate are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, and double metal salts of the above metals. And / or a mixture of two or more of the metal salts. The salt of the metal may be a halide, nitrite, nitrate, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate, or sulfite. Preferred salts include halides and preferred metals include strontium, magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, calcium, barium and lithium. The above preferred metal salts have a molecular bond / ionic valence (ionic) bond ratio of about 40 to about 250. The hydrides of the metals mentioned above can also be useful. An example is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,523,635 and US Pat. No. 4,623,018, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

After the drying step, or when the salt is bound to the dried and electrostatically charged substrate, if the substrate has not been sized in advance, the material is of the desired size and / or shape. Each layer or multiple layers of the substrate material to which the metal salt or hydride is bound is sealed by coating with a substantially water impermeable composition. This coating step is such that the composite is substantially sealed to prevent the metal salt or hydride from being hydrated by moisture, vapor, outside air, etc., which can result in a decrease in material strength. Should be performed under predetermined conditions or within a predetermined time. The timing and conditions under which this coating is performed will depend to some extent on the specific salt attached to the substrate. For example, calcium halides, especially calcium chloride and calcium bromide, absorb water rapidly when exposed to atmospheric conditions, resulting in salt liquefaction and / or salt binding and structure with the product. The unity is lost. Substantially water-impermeable coating compositions include epoxy resins, phenolic resins, neoprene, vinyl polymers such as PBC and PBC vinyl acetate, vinyl butyral copolymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, and FEP fluororesins. , Fluororesin such as polyvinylidene fluoride, metal films such as chlorinated rubber, aluminum coating and zinc coating. The above list is exemplary and not exhaustive. Again, the coating may be applied to the individual layers and / or the plurality of layers of the substrate, and the coating may be applied to the exposed outer surface of the laminate of the plurality of substrate layers.

Panels and other forms of the above-mentioned coated substrate composites such as laminates and geometric shapes such as concave, convex and round shapes provide the desired or required performance characteristics in combination with the above-mentioned composites. Further, it is formed to a desired thickness according to the desired ballistic protection performance expected to be realized. For example, a useful panel or laminate made of a woven substrate to which such salts are attached may comprise 10 to 50 layers per inch of thickness. Such panels or laminates may be installed on the door, sides, bottom, or top of the vehicle to provide protection against armor and projectiles. Panels can also be assembled in the form of cases, cylinders, boxes, or containers to protect many types of munitions and other valuable and / or fragile materials such as ammunition and fuel, missiles, and personnel. .. The laminate may include layers of other ballistic resistant materials such as steel or carbon fiber composites, aramid composites, metal alloys and the like.

The composite material described above can be easily formed into an article having an undulating shape and a cylindrical shape. Specific examples include helmets, helmet panels or helmet components, vests, vest panels, vehicle protection panels, vehicle body components, rocket or missile housings, NLOS (non-line of sight: non-direct aiming). ) Examples include rocket or missile containment units, including systems. Such housings and containment units are used to contain and protect rockets or missiles, store and / or launch missiles or rockets, and ammunition or bombs using the composites described herein. It can be constructed to protect the containment from external objects such as debris. Vest panels of various sizes and shapes can be formed to fit into existing or traditional military vests or pockets placed on their lining. When such a panel is used in combination with a more traditional bulletproof vest, a lighter, more flexible and more easily adaptable vest can be obtained that can accommodate a variety of sizes for each individual. Similarly, one embodiment is a helmet panel contoured to fit inside as a lining for a traditional helmet. In another embodiment, the protective composite panel is secured to the outside of the helmet, such as with a flexible and / or elastic helmet cover or net. In another embodiment, the helmet may include one or more contoured or molded composites as described herein to protect the wearer from ammunition or shards of bombs.

For penetration-resistant vehicle armor, a number of protective panels of various sizes and shapes are available on the floor, doors, sides and top panels, as well as shock absorbers, gas tanks, engine and wheel protectors, bonnets, etc. It can be formed of a composite material containing the components of the vehicle body contoured in the shape of. As used herein, the term "vehicle" includes various machines such as automobiles, tanks, trucks, helicopters, and aircraft. For this reason, penetration resistant vehicle armor can be used to protect important parts of the occupant or any type of vehicle.

The composite article described above may be combined with other ballistic and penetration resistant panels of various shapes and sizes. For example, the composites described above are paired with one or more layers or panels made of materials such as steel, aramid resins, carbon fiber composites, boron carbide and other penetration resistant materials known to those of skill in the art. May be good. This also includes the use of more than one of the above materials, depending on the desired penetration-resistant article armor conditions.

As an example, a woven glass fiber substrate to which strontium chloride was bound was formed according to the above steps at a salt concentration of 0.5 g / cc of open substrate volume. The base material layer was coated with epoxy resin to form a 12.5 inch x 12.5 inch x 0.5 inch thick panel. The panel weighed 4.71 pounds, and its material density was 0.06 pounds / cubic inch compared to 22% of the density of carbon steel. The ammunition fired from a military barrette gun firing a 9mm 124 grain FMG ammunition (9g PMC stock number, full metal jacket) did not completely penetrate the panel at 20 yards.

3. 3. Overview of Examples of Anti-Ballistic Equipment FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a projectile resistant enclosure 10 having a wall portion 20 with the anti-ballistic equipment described herein. As shown, the wall portion 20 has three panels: a first composite panel 25, a second composite panel 30, and a stress reduction panel 28 arranged between the external composite panel 25 and the internal composite panel 30. May include. The enclosure 10 can be used, for example, as an in-flight room of a ship or aircraft to protect equipment or personnel, and can also be a storage container or a transport container. In some cases, due to the large size of the enclosure 10, the lightweight panel-like penetration resistant composites described herein are weight limits that can be imposed by the use of the enclosure 10 on or in the vehicle. It can be beneficial to achieve ballistic protection while following.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the wall of the enclosure of FIG. 1A. As shown, the wall portion 20 may include the three panels described above, i.e., a first composite panel 25, a second composite panel 30, and a stress relief panel 28 disposed between the composite panels 25, 30. .. In another embodiment, the wall portion 20 may include more composite panels and intermediate stress relief panels. Composite panels 25, 30 may include one or more layers of penetrating resistant woven composites (eg, those described above). Each layer of the panel may have the same composition or different composition with respect to each other and to the layers of the other panels, depending on the application.

The stress relief panel 28 may include lightweight materials such that the weight of the mixed laminate of the composite panels 25, 30 and the stress relief panel 28 is lighter than the weight of the laminate containing only the composite panel. In some embodiments, the stress relief panel 28 comprises a compressible material and / or a ductile material. For example, one suitable material may be a foaming material, such as an open cell foaming material / reticulated foaming material.

In another embodiment, the stress relief panel 28 can be a frame, a spacing grid or matrix, or a lightweight 3D spacing knit fabric configured to form a gap between adjacent composite panels. .. For example, the frame can extend at least around the edges of the composite panels to maintain the desired spacing gap between adjacent composite panels. The gaps between the composite panels can, in some embodiments, be filled with gas (eg, air) or liquid.

In another embodiment, the stress relief panel 28 redirects the force / stress propagating in the direction in which the projectile travels and / or to absorb it or to reduce the deformation of the composite panel that is collided. In addition, it may be equipped with a hard and brittle material that cracks or is crushed at the impact speed of the projectile.

As shown, each composite panel 28, 30 can have a thickness b, the stress reduction panel 28 can have a thickness a, and the total thickness c is the three panels 25, 28, 30 All represent one laminated. In some embodiments, the composite panels 28, 30 may have different thicknesses from each other. Some examples of composite panels 28, 30 may have a thickness of 0.2 inches to 1.0 inches. In one example, the desired value of the ratio a: c of the stress relief panel 28 to the total thickness of the two composite panels 25, 30 and the stress relief panel 28 can be 1: 10 to 1: 2. In another example, the thickness of the stress relief panel 28 is 10% to 50% of the total thickness c of the multi-panel composite ballistic equipment. Of course, it should be understood that each embodiment is not limited to those having a single stress relief panel placed between two protective panels. For example, the penetration resistant article can include three, four, five, six, seven, or more protective panels, with stress relief panels placed between each protective panel. ..

In another embodiment, the composite panels 25, 30 of the enclosure 10 may have regions of varying density, as described in more detail below with respect to FIG. In such an embodiment, the stress reduction panel 28 may be small in thickness or may be omitted due to the stress reduction ability of the layer density change. Alternatively, the stress reduction panel 28 may have the above width while having a change in the density of the layers in the composite panels 25 and 30.

Thus, the enclosure 10 can effectively stop or at least reduce the collision velocity of an approaching projectile than an enclosure of the same thickness without a stress relief panel. For example, in some embodiments, the wall 20 has sufficient composite panels and intermediate stress relief panels to reduce the speed of the collision projectile traveling at a collision speed of about 8,300 ft / s by about half. Can be configured. Penetration-Resistant The enclosure 10 with the wall 20 including the composite panel and the anti-ballistic equipment disposed between the composite panels and having both stress-relieving panels is the weight of the penetration-resistant article of the multi-layer panel having only the composite panel. Only in part, less composite panels can be used to achieve such deceleration.

FIG. 2A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the projectile 230 that collides with the penetration resistant composite article 200A laminated together with the compressible stress reduction panel 210. As shown, the compressible stress reduction panel 210 is disposed between the first penetration resistant composite panel 205 and the second penetration resistant composite panel 215. Each composite panel 205, 215 is composed of a plurality of composite layers 206, 216, respectively. Panel 205 is shown as having three layers 206 and panel 215 is shown as having three layers 216, but these panels may have more or less layers. , May have different numbers of layers. In some embodiments, the panel layers 205 and 215 may have different densities from each other. The penetration-resistant composite panel 205, 215 is a woven fabric of the above-mentioned composite material, for example, a plurality of layers of polarized ballistic fibers, in which a metal salt, an oxide, a hydroxide, or a hydride is polar-bonded to the polarized ballistic fibers. It may be equipped with a composite material having what is present.

Although only one compressive stress relief panel 210 is shown, in some embodiments a plurality of compressible stresses are shown to reduce stress propagation between the first composite panel 205 and the second composite panel 215. A mitigation panel may be used.

Compressive stress relief panel 210 has an uncompressed width _{a 1} which corresponds to the gap between the composite panels 205, 215. However, the projectile 230 collides with the first composite panel 205 (where "first" refers to the collision surface side of the penetrating composite 200A) and is part of the first composite panel 205 around the collision site 235. When deforming the 220, compressive stress relief panel 210 will have a width a ₂ compressed in the direction of travel of the projectile due to the deformation of the first composite panel 205. Since this compressed width a ₂ is sufficient to isolate the deformation of the first composite panel 205, the second composite panel 215 is not weakened by the deformation 220 of the first composite panel 205, and therefore. Maintains penetration resistance.

As will be appreciated, if the first composite panel 205 and the second composite panel 215 were directly adjacent to each other without the stress relief panel 210, the deformation 220 of the first composite panel 205 would compress the second composite panel 215. This causes the projectile 230 to weaken the second composite panel 215 before it collides with the second composite panel 215 (eg, weakens the engagement of the composite crystals). Thus, the stress relief panel 210 avoids (or substantially isolates) prestressing the second panel 215 prior to a projectile collision by isolating (or substantially isolating) the deformation of the first panel 205. It works to virtually avoid).

FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the projectile 260 collides with the penetration resistant composite 200B laminated together with the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240. As shown, the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240 is disposed between the first penetration resistant composite panel 265 and the second penetration resistant composite panel 268, each of the composite panels 265 and 268 having a plurality of. It comprises layers 266 and 269. Panel 265 is shown as having three layers 266 and panel 268 is shown as having three layers 269, but these panels may have more or less layers. , May have different numbers of layers. In some embodiments, the panel layers 265 and 268 may have different densities from each other. In some embodiments, the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240 is configured to be crushed rather than deformed upon impact in order to substantially reduce stress propagation to the composite panel 268. It has a brittle material. For example, the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240 can redirect and / or absorb the projectile's kinetic force in the direction of travel of the projectile, or reduce deformation of the composite panel 268. In some examples, the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240 can be a ceramic such as boron carbide or silicon carbide.

When the projectile 260 collides with the first composite panel 265 at the collision site 270, the force distribution stress mitigation panel 240 instead of distributing the force due to the collision laterally (ie, how orthogonal to the direction of travel of the projectile). It is capable of resisting deformation of the first panel 265, which allows the force to be diffused over the region 250. As a result, cracks 245 may be formed in the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240. In this way, the force dispersion stress reduction panel 240 can reduce stress propagation from the first composite panel 265 to the second composite panel 268.

In another embodiment, instead of comprising a material configured to be crushed in the event of a collision, the stress relief panel first disperses the forces generated by the deformation of the first panel over part or all of the surface area of the liquid. An incompressible liquid may be provided that reduces stress propagation from one composite panel to a second composite panel. In some embodiments, the penetration resistant composite articles 200A, 200B may be sealed to be waterproof. For example, the penetration resistant composite articles 200A, 200B can be sealed inside a waterproof material in the form of foil, wrap, coating, or wrapping box, or a waterproof material containing epoxy, plastic, or metal.

3A-3C illustrate examples 300A, 300B, 300C of panel configurations of various embodiments for a multi-panel penetration resistant article. In FIGS. 3A-3C, the penetration resistant composite panels 310, 410, 510 can be any of the compositions described above, eg, a plurality of layers of a woven fabric of polarized ballistic fibers 311 411, 511. It is possible to have a metal salt, an oxide, a hydroxide, or a hydride in which a metal salt, an oxide, a hydroxide, or a hydride is polarly bonded to a polarized ballistic fiber. In some embodiments, the densities may vary at layers 311, 411, 511 within panels 310, 410, 510.

The stress relief panels of FIGS. 3A-3C can be any type of stress relief panel as described above, eg, compressible panels, brittle panels, voids, frames, matrices, or other gap forming structures, or It is a liquid panel. In some embodiments, the stress relief panels 305, 405, 505 can be a combination of the stress relief panels described above. For example, the stress relief panels 305, 405, 505 include a force distribution panel located to absorb the stress of the collision after the collision with the first composite panel of the flying projectile, and the force distribution panel and the composite next to it. It may include both a compressible panel that is placed between the panels and protects the adjacent composite panel from cracks due to the stress of the force distribution panel. Another example of a stress relief panel can include both a force distribution panel and a compressible panel, where the compressible panel is located adjacent to the composite panel that is initially collided and the force distribution panel is compressible. It is located between the panel and the composite panel next to it, and prevents prestress from being applied to the composite panel next to it due to excessive deformation of the first composite panel.

In some embodiments, the penetration resistant composites 300A, 300B, 300C can be sealed to be waterproof. For example, the penetration resistant composites 300A, 300B, 300C can be sealed inside a waterproof material in the form of foil, wrap, coating, or wrapping box, or a waterproof material containing epoxy, plastic, or metal.

FIG. 3A is a panel configuration for a mixed panel penetration resistant composite article 300A having three penetration resistant composite panels 310 made of composite layer 311 and stress relief panels 305 disposed between the composite panels 310. An example is illustrated. In another embodiment, the number of penetration resistant composite panels 310 is required while having the corresponding intermediate stress reduction panels 305 to achieve the desired projectile impact velocity reduction characteristics of the penetration resistant composite article 300A. It may be more or less depending on the situation. As shown, the penetration resistant composite article 300A is on the opposite side close to the collision surface 320 initially struck by the projectile 315 and the person or equipment protected by the placement of the penetration resistant composite article 300A. It has a surface 325 and. The intermediate stress reduction panel 305 allows the mixed panel penetration resistant composite article 300A to further reduce the collision velocity of the projectile 315 as compared to an article containing a corresponding number of directly adjacent composite panels. When a lightweight material is selected for the stress relief panel 305, the mixed panel penetration resistant composite article 300A is lighter than a composite only article with directly adjacent composite panels exhibiting similar penetration resistance. obtain.

FIG. 3B illustrates a penetration resistant composite article 300B, which is a modification of the panel configuration of FIG. 3A. The penetration-resistant composite article 300B has three penetration-resistant composite panels 410 made of the composite layer 411, and a stress reduction panel 405 is arranged between the composite panels 410 on the opposite side of the penetration-resistant composite article 300B. A curing panel 430 is arranged on the surface 425. The illustrated configuration is provided for illustrative purposes, and in another embodiment than shown, the number of penetration resistant composite panels 410 is desired while having a corresponding intermediate stress reduction panel 405. More or less may be needed to achieve reduced projectile impact velocities. The cured panel 430 is made of ceramic, metal, or other appropriately rigid material to stop the projectile 415 after the projectile 415 has been sufficiently decelerated by passing through the composite panel 410 and the stress relief panel 405. Can be prepared.

The penetration resistant composite article 300B, which has a hardened panel 430 on the opposite surface 425, is, in some examples, wearable armor and other anti-ballistic anti-ballistics where it is desirable not only to slow down the projectile but also to stop it. It can be suitable for the purpose. Although not shown, in some wearable embodiments, the penetration resistant composite article 300B has the cured panel 430 and the user's body to protect the user from the forces of the projectile 415 colliding with the cured panel 430. A force absorbing panel may be further included between and.

The cured panel 430 is shown as a separate structure, but in some embodiments, adjacent composites, for example, as one or more cured woven layers of layers 411 on the opposite surface 425 of the panel 410. Can be integrated into panel 410.

FIG. 3C illustrates a penetration resistant composite article 300C, which is a modification of the panel configuration of FIG. 3A. The penetration-resistant composite article 300C has three penetration-resistant composite panels 510 including a layer 511, and a stress reduction panel 505 is arranged between the composite panels 510 to form a collision surface 520 of the penetration-resistant composite article 300C. Is arranged with a curing panel 535. The illustrated configuration is provided for illustrative purposes, and in another embodiment than shown, the number of penetration resistant composite panels 510 is desired while having a corresponding intermediate stress reduction panel 505. More or less may be needed to achieve reduced projectile impact velocities. The hardened panel 535 may be equipped with ceramics, metals and other appropriately rigid materials to break off the drill bits of some armor-penetrating projectiles. Thus, a penetration resistant composite article 300C having a hardened panel 535 on the collision surface 520 will, in some examples, penetrate and tear the composite panel 510 if the drill bit is not broken before penetrating into the composite panel 510. It may be suitable for resisting potentially armored penetrating projectiles.

The cured panel 535 is shown as a separate structure, but in some embodiments, adjacent composite layers, for example as one or more of the layers 511 of layers 511 on the opposite surface 520 of the panel 510. Can be integrated into 510.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a multi-layer panel composite article 600 having composite panels 610, 620 including layers of varying densities and stress relief panels 605. The stress relief panel 605 may be any of the stress relief panels described above, such as compressible materials, brittle materials, gaps and the like.

As shown, the outer first panel 610 includes three density regions: a first region 611 with a high density, a second region 612 with a medium density, and a third region 613 with a low density. For example, the first region 611 can be formed with a salt filling density of 0.6 g / cm. The second region 612 can be formed with a salt filling density of 0.4 g / cm. The third region 613 can serve as a stress reduction region and can be formed with a salt filling density of 0.2 g / cm. Each region 611, 612, 613 may include one or more composite layers or woven fabrics. Similarly, the inner second panel 620 comprises three filling density regions, namely a high density first region 621, a medium density second region 622, and a low density third region 623. For simplicity, each region 611, 612, 613, 621, 622, 623 is shown as a single layer, but each region may include one or more composite layers. The composite layer of the panels 610 and 620 can consist of any of the substrates and the above-mentioned binding materials. Although three density regions are shown, another embodiment of panels 610, 620 may have two or four or more different density regions. The density regions can be arranged from high density to low density as shown, but may be arranged in a repeating pattern of two or more different density regions.

In some embodiments, the high density region 611 may be located at the collision surface of the article 600. When the ballistic projectile comes into contact with the high density region 611 of the panel 610, the projectile may deform the region or the first layer within the region 611. This deformation causes a shock wave or penetrates the collided layer to impact the layers of adjacent regions 612, 613 of the panel 610. These relatively low density regions 612, 613 may dissipate shock waves or debris before reaching the second panel 620.

The article 600 is illustrated to have a stress relief panel 605, but in some embodiments, the entire stress relief panel 605 may be omitted in the article 600. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the panels having different densities are arranged adjacent to each other, and the low density region in each panel acts as a stress reduction layer due to the low density. In another embodiment, the stress relief panel 605 may be included, but may have a relatively small thickness as compared to an article having a composite panel of homogeneous density.

In one embodiment, the ballistic equipment is composed of a plurality of panels, each panel having a high density first region and a low density stress reduction second region. In this embodiment, the panels are placed directly adjacent to each other, and the low density second region within each panel acts as a stress reduction region, exerting prestress on the projectile as the projectile penetrates each panel. To reduce.

In another embodiment, the entire article 600 is formed from a single panel comprising a dough region where the density of the composite varies within the panel as described above.

4. Other Embodiments Although described herein primarily in the context of enclosures, it will be appreciated that the mixed multi-layer panel penetration resistant composite articles described above can also be used in a variety of other situations. Penetration-resistant composite articles can also be used as wearable bulletproof vests or vehicle armor (eg, as a protective layer over the bottom of a helicopter).

5. Terminology Unless otherwise stated, any feature, material, property, or group described in association with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example is any aspect, embodiment other than those described herein. , Or it will be understood that it is also applicable to the example. All features disclosed herein (including the appended claims, abstracts, and drawings), and / or all steps of any method or process disclosed similarly, are such features and /. Alternatively, any combination can be combined, except for combinations in which at least a portion of the steps are mutually exclusive. The protection according to the present application is not limited to the details of any of the aforementioned embodiments. The protection according to the present application is disclosed in any novel or any novel combination of the features disclosed herein (including the appended claims, abstracts, and drawings), or similarly. It extends to any new or any new combination of steps in any method or process.

Although specific embodiments have been described, these embodiments are provided solely for illustration purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. In fact, the novel methods and systems described herein can be embodied in various other forms. In addition, various omissions, substitutions, and modifications are possible in the form of the methods and systems described herein. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the actual steps incorporated into the illustrated and / or disclosed process may differ from those shown in the figure. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the above steps may be omitted and other steps may be added. Further, further embodiments included within the scope of the present disclosure may be realized by various combinations of the characteristics and characteristics of the above-mentioned specific embodiments.

The present disclosure includes specific embodiments, examples, and applications, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure goes beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or. It will be appreciated that its use extends to trivial modifications and equivalents thereof, including embodiments that do not provide all the features and benefits described herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosure of the preferred embodiments herein, but may be defined by the description of the current and future claims.

Furthermore, it is also preferable to include the following examples in the present invention.
[Item 1]
With the first panel;
With the stress reduction panel placed adjacent to the first panel;
The second panel arranged adjacent to the stress reduction panel and
It is a multi-panel compound ballistic equipment equipped with
The stress reduction panel is configured to substantially reduce stress propagation to the second panel caused by deformation of the first panel, and the first panel and the second panel each have a plurality of layers. A multi-panel composite ballistic article comprising a woven fabric of polarized ballistic fibers, wherein a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is polarly bonded to the polarized ballistic fibers.
[Item 2]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the stress reduction panel comprises a compressible material configured to substantially reduce the stress propagation to the second panel.
[Item 3]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 2, wherein the compressible material includes a foam material, a cloth, or a woven material.
[Item 4]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the stress reduction panel comprises a frame structure or a grid structure configured to substantially reduce the stress propagation to the second panel.
[Item 5]
Item 1. The stress reducing panel comprises an incompressible liquid that reduces the stress propagation to the second panel by dispersing the force generated by the deformation of the first panel over the entire surface area of the incompressible liquid. The multi-panel compound ballistic supplies listed.
[Item 6]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the stress reducing panel comprises a material configured to be impacted and crushed so as to substantially reduce stress propagation to the second panel.
[Item 7]
Item 6. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 6, wherein the material configured to be crushed comprises a ceramic material.
[Item 8]
Item 2. The multi-panel compound ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the thickness of the second panel is 10% to 50% of the total thickness of the multi-panel compound ballistic article.
[Item 9]
With the third panel arranged adjacent to the second panel;
The fourth panel arranged adjacent to the third panel and
Further prepare
The third panel is configured to substantially reduce stress propagation to the fourth panel caused by deformation of the third panel, and the fourth panel is a woven fabric of a plurality of layers of polarized ballistic fibers. Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is polar-bonded to the polarized ballistic fiber.
[Item 10]
Item 9. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 9, wherein the third panel comprises a compressible material configured to substantially reduce the stress propagation to the fourth panel.
[Item 11]
Item 10. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 10, wherein the compressible material includes a foam material, a cloth, or a woven material.
[Item 12]
Item 9. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 9, wherein the fourth panel has an inner layer and an outer layer, and the outer layer is a hardened layer that is less likely to be deformed as compared with the inner layer.
[Item 13]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the metal salt contains one or more of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, or a double metal salt.
[Item 14]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the second panel has an inner layer and an outer layer, and the outer layer is a hardened layer that is less likely to be deformed as compared with the inner layer.
[Item 15]
Item 12. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 14, wherein the filling density of the woven fabric in the outer layer is larger than the open fabric volume of about 0.40 g / cc.
[Item 16]
Item 12. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 14, wherein the outer layer contains ceramic.
[Item 17]
Item 16. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 16, wherein the ceramic contains silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide, silicate, or a mixture thereof.
[Item 18]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the thickness of the first panel is the same as the thickness of the second panel.
[Item 19]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the thickness of the first panel is different from the thickness of the second panel.
[Item 20]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the composition of the compound bonded to the woven fabric of the first panel is different from the composition of the compound bonded to the woven fabric of the second panel.
[Item 21]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the first panel has an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner layer is a hardened layer that is less likely to be deformed than the outer layer.
[Item 22]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 21, wherein the filling density of the woven fabric in the inner layer is larger than the open fabric volume of about 0.40 g / cc.
[Item 23]
Item 2. The plurality of items according to Item 1, wherein the filling densities of the woven fabric of the first panel and the salt bonded to the woven fabric of the second panel vary from 0.2 g / cc of the open fabric volume to about 0.60 g / cc. Panel compound ballistic supplies.
[Item 24]
Item 2. The multi-panel compound ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the multi-panel compound ballistic article includes a bulletproof vest, vehicle armor, or a panel article for a storage container or a transport container.
[Item 25]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite trajectory according to Item 1, wherein the first panel and / or the second panel comprises fibers of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite. Supplies.
[Item 26]
Item 2. The multi-panel compound ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the multi-panel compound ballistic article is sealed in a waterproof material.
[Item 27]
Item 2. The multi-panel composite ballistic article according to Item 1, wherein the stress reduction panel comprises a composite panel having a density lower than that of the first panel.
[Item 28]
A multi-layer composite ballistic panel with regions of varying density,
A metal salt, oxide, or hydroxide that is the first region of at least one first layer of a textile fabric material having a first density and that is polarly bonded to the at least one first layer of the material. , Or the first boundary with hydrides;
Metal salts, oxides, and water that are the second region of at least one second layer of the woven fabric material and have a second density and are polar-bonded to the at least one second layer of the woven fabric material. With a second region containing oxides or hydrides;
A metal salt, oxide, or water that is a third region of at least one third layer of the fabric fabric material and has a third density and is polar-bonded to the at least one third layer of the fabric fabric material. A third region with oxides or hydrides,
Equipped with
The first region, the second region, and the third region are multi-layer composite ballistic panels having different densities.
[Item 29]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the first density is larger than the second density or the third density.
[Item 30]
Item 29. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 29, wherein the first density is at least 10% higher than the second density or the third density.
[Item 31]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the first density is larger than the second density but smaller than the third density.
[Item 32]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the first density is smaller than the second density.
[Item 33]
A metal salt, oxidation, which is at least one fourth region of at least one fourth layer of the woven fabric material and has a fourth density and is polar-bonded to said at least one fourth layer of the woven fabric material. Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, further comprising a fourth region comprising an object, hydroxide, or hydride.
[Item 34]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein in the first region, the density of the bonded metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is different from that in the second region.
[Item 35]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein in the first region, the density of the bonded metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is higher than that in the second region.
[Item 36]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein in the first region, a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride compound different from that in the second region is bonded to the fabric fabric material.
[Item 37]
Item 3. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 36, wherein in the third region, a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride compound different from that in the second region is bonded to the fabric fabric material.
[Item 38]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the first region has a woven fabric material different from that of the second region.
[Item 39]
Item 38. The multi-panel composite according to Item 38, wherein the first region has a woven fabric material of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite, which is different from the second region. Ballistic supplies.
[Item 40]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the third region has a woven fabric material different from that of the second region.
[Item 41]
Item 40. The plurality of panel composites according to Item 40, wherein the third region has a woven fabric material of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite, which is different from the second region. Ballistic supplies.
[Item 42]
Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the at least one first layer of the woven fabric and the at least one second layer of the woven fabric have different weaving patterns.
[Item 43]
The at least one first layer of the woven fabric has a first filament diameter, and the at least one second layer of the woven fabric has a second filament diameter, the first filament diameter and the second filament. 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel of different diameters.
[Item 44]
At least one first layer of the woven fabric material has a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride of first packing density that is polar-bonded to said at least one first layer of the material. , The at least one second layer of the woven fabric material comprises a second packing density metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar-bonded to the at least one second layer of the material. Item 28. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 28, wherein the first filling density and the second filling density are different.
[Item 45]
At least one third layer of the woven fabric material has a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride having a third packing density that is polar-bonded to said at least one third layer of the material. 44. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to Item 44, wherein the first filling density, the second filling density, and the third filling density are different.

10 Enclosure 20 Wall 25 1st composite panel 28 Stress reduction panel 30 2nd composite panel 200A Penetration resistant composite article 200B Penetration resistant composite article 205 1st composite panel 210 Stress reduction panel 215 2nd composite panel 240 Force dispersion stress reduction Panel 265 1st composite panel 268 2nd composite panel 300A Penetration resistant composite article 300B Penetration resistant composite article 300C Penetration resistant composite article 305 Stress reduction panel 310 Penetration resistant composite panel 405 Stress reduction panel 410 Penetration resistant composite panel 430 Hardened Panel 505 Stress Relief Panel 510 Penetration Resistant Composite Panel 535 Hardened Panel 600 Composite Article 605 Stress Relief Panel 610 First Panel 611 First Region, High Density Region 612 Second Region, Medium Density Region 613 Third Region, Low Density Region 620 2nd panel 621 1st region, high density region 622 2nd region, medium density region 623 3rd region, low density region

Claims (18)

A multi-layer composite ballistic panel with regions of varying density,
A metal salt, oxide, or hydroxide that is the first region of at least one first layer of a textile fabric material having a first density and that is polarly bonded to the at least one first layer of the material. , Or the first boundary with hydrides;
Metal salts, oxides, and water that are the second region of at least one second layer of the woven fabric material and have a second density and are polar-bonded to the at least one second layer of the woven fabric material. With a second region containing oxides or hydrides;
A metal salt, oxide, or water that is a third region of at least one third layer of the fabric fabric material and has a third density and is polar-bonded to the at least one third layer of the fabric fabric material. A third region with oxides or hydrides,
Equipped with
The first region, the second region, and the third region are multi-layer composite ballistic panels having different densities. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the first density is larger than the second density or the third density. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 2, wherein the first density is at least 10% higher than the second density or the third density. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the first density is larger than the second density but smaller than the third density. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the first density is smaller than the second density. A metal salt, oxidation, which is at least one fourth region of at least one fourth layer of the woven fabric material and has a fourth density and is polar-bonded to said at least one fourth layer of the woven fabric material. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth region comprising a substance, hydroxide, or hydride. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein in the first region, the density of the bonded metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is different from that in the second region. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein in the first region, the density of the bonded metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride is higher than that in the second region. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein in the first region, a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride compound different from that in the second region is bonded to the fabric fabric material. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 9, wherein in the third region, a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride compound different from that in the second region is bonded to the fabric fabric material. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the first region has a woven fabric material different from that of the second region. The plurality of panels according to claim 11, wherein the first region has a woven fabric material of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite, which is different from the second region. Composite ballistic supplies. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the third region has a woven fabric material different from that of the second region. The plurality of panels according to claim 13, wherein the third region has a woven fabric material of S-2 glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, highly elastic polyethylene, carbon, or graphite, which is different from the second region. Composite ballistic supplies. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first layer of the woven fabric and the at least one second layer of the woven fabric have different weaving patterns. The at least one first layer of the woven fabric has a first filament diameter, and the at least one second layer of the woven fabric has a second filament diameter, the first filament diameter and the second filament. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the diameters are different. At least one first layer of the woven fabric material has a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride of first packing density that is polar-bonded to said at least one first layer of the material. , The at least one second layer of the woven fabric material comprises a second packing density metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar-bonded to the at least one second layer of the material. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 1, wherein the first filling density and the second filling density are different. At least one third layer of the woven fabric material has a third packing density metal salt, oxide, hydroxide, or hydride that is polar-bonded to said at least one third layer of the material. The multi-layer composite ballistic panel according to claim 17, wherein the first filling density, the second filling density, and the third filling density are different.

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