JP2012117705A - Shock absorbing member, and armor glass - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shock absorbing member that is capable of solving the following problems in a balanced manner: cost reduction, reduction in weight, reduction in thickness, and improvement of efficiency of dispersion and absorption of shock.SOLUTION: The shock absorbing member 1 includes a first layer 2 having a predetermined material, and a second layer 3 laminated on the first layer 2. The second layer 3 includes continuous connection between a plurality of particles 4, 5 forming a connected body and a plurality of voids 6 as residual spaces other than the connected portions of the particles 4, 5. The plurality of voids 6 communicate with each other over the peripheries of the plurality of particles 4, 5.

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact absorbing member that realizes protection and bulletproofing against flying objects such as bullets and cannonballs, and more particularly to an impact absorbing member that achieves both weight reduction and protection by using ceramics.

  Bulletproof members using special alloys and materials are used for the outer plates and armor of military special vehicles such as tanks and armored vehicles. Since such a military special vehicle has high power and high running ability, a special bulletproof member having a very large thickness and weight can be used for its armor.

  On the other hand, for example, light vehicles for transporting troops and general vehicles in conflict areas (for example, vehicles transporting mass media and volunteer personnel) are also exposed to the threat of flying objects such as bullets and shells. However, since these light vehicles and general vehicles are inferior in power and traveling ability unlike military special vehicles, it is difficult to use a thick and heavy special bulletproof member for the outer plate. Of course, it is difficult to use such a thick and heavy special bulletproof member in terms of cost.

  Under these circumstances, the need for civilian activities, volunteer activities, and administrative activities in conflict areas is increasing in recent years, when the possibility of internal conflict and terrorist attacks is higher than in large-scale wars. In civilian activities, volunteer activities, and administrative activities, light vehicles and general vehicles are used rather than intimidating tanks and armored vehicles to promote mobility and exchange with local residents (of course, from the cost perspective). Is preferred. Of course, even such light vehicles and ordinary vehicles require defense and elasticity against bullets and bulletproofs in conflict areas.

  From the above, it can be used for light vehicles and general vehicles (including special vehicles, such as vans for troop transportation) used in conflict areas. Development of an impact absorbing member and a bulletproof member excellent in the above is desired.

  Various technologies have been developed under such a demand environment for development. (1) Technology for stacking different materials in a plurality of layers, (2) Technology for using ceramics in the layers to be stacked Development is in progress.

  A technique has been proposed in which destruction of flying objects is reduced by laminating different materials in a plurality of layers, by a synergistic effect of the layer colliding with the flying object and the layer laminated thereon. In addition, a technique using ceramics has been proposed for a part of the layer to be laminated, and a technique of an impact absorbing member by any one or combination of the above (1) and (2) has been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). A technique for enhancing the performance of the shock absorbing member itself has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-500809 JP-A-4-222398 JP 2009-242834 A

  U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,089 discloses a protective coating comprising at least one layer of crushed material covering the surface to be protected and having a skin on the outside of the crushed material. The outer skin is formed in a block shape, and impacts such as bullets that collide with the outer skin are dispersed in the block layer of the outer skin. Furthermore, the breaking of the crushing material absorbs the biting of this block layer. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 4 b of Patent Document 1, impacts such as bullets that collide with the outer skin are dispersed in a plane due to spreading of the block layers that are alternating layers. The dispersed impact is absorbed by the crushed material that is pushed and destroyed by the broken block layer.

  Patent document 1 discloses a foam material, a ceramic material, etc. as an example of this crushing material. Such foamed materials and ceramic materials are easily broken by the extruded block layer, thereby absorbing the impact dispersed in the block layer.

  As described above, Patent Document 1 discloses a coating in which a plurality of layers are laminated and the impact is dispersed by an outer skin and the impact is absorbed by a layer of a crushed material such as ceramics.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a bulletproof member in which a ceramic layer is laminated between steel plates. The bulletproof member disclosed in Patent Document 2 reduces the impact of a bullet by dispersing and absorbing the impact of a bullet received by a steel plate with a ceramic layer.

  Patent Document 3 discloses an impact absorbing member made of a metal base material and a ceramic reinforcing material. A technique for reducing the impact from a bullet or the like by using such an impact absorbing member with enhanced rigidity is disclosed.

  The shock absorbing members disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 both realize shock dispersion and absorption by lamination, and are characterized in that a ceramic layer is used in the laminated portion.

  However, the ceramic layer used for the layer of the crushing material disclosed in Patent Document 1 is vulnerable to impact, and has a problem of being destroyed more than expected when the impact is not sufficiently dispersed in the outer skin. . In particular, it is intended to disperse the impact of the bullets by means of an outer skin, which is a block layer that is alternately stacked, but if the impact of the bullets is concentrated in a very narrow area, It can be easily destroyed and it can be difficult to stop the impact from a bullet.

  Similarly, the bulletproof member disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a ceramic layer laminated between steel plates. When the impact from a bullet is strong or when it is concentrated in a narrow area, the impact of the ceramic layer is reduced. Dispersion may be insufficient and the final steel sheet layer may be easily destroyed. For this reason, the bulletproof member disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a problem that it cannot sufficiently absorb and stop the impact from the bullet.

  Moreover, the crushing material disclosed by patent document 1 is a porous material, Comprising: The porous material which has a bubble inside is used. Such a porous ceramic layer having bubbles inside has a characteristic that is very fragile to an impact transmitted from a bullet or a block layer.

  FIG. 13 is an explanatory view for explaining impact propagation in a porous ceramic layer in the prior art. As shown in FIG. 13A, in the ceramic layer 800 containing the bubbles 801 inside, the impact of the colliding bullet 802 is first transmitted to the main body portion.

  Note that FIG. 13 shows a member in which bubbles are present inside the member, but the same applies to a member having many bubbles inside.

  An arrow X shown in FIG. 13A indicates the transmission of an impact that is first transmitted by the bullet 802 that has collided with the surface 803 of the ceramic layer 800. As indicated by an arrow X, an impact starts to be transmitted from the surface 803 of the ceramic layer 800 to the main body portion 805.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 13B, the impact that has started on the surface 803 is continuously transmitted from the bubble 801 to the adjacent bubble 801. An arrow Y indicates continuous transmission of impact from the bubble 801 to the adjacent bubble 801. As the impact is continuously transmitted from the bubble 801 to the bubble 801 as indicated by the arrow Y, the region of the main body portion 805 sandwiched between the bubble 801 and the adjacent bubble 801 is destroyed. This is because such a region is the main body portion 805 sandwiched between the bubbles 801 at both ends, so that a crack is easily generated by an impact.

  Due to the continuous transmission of the impact by the arrow Y, the region 810 of the ceramic layer 800 is easily destroyed. As a result, the ceramic layer 800 cannot absorb and protect the impact from the bullet 800.

  In addition, in the ceramic layer having bubbles inside as shown in FIG. 13, the ceramic of the main body portion 805 destroyed by the impact continuously collides with the adjacent main body portion 805 to be destroyed. That is, the solid object destroyed by the impact continuously destroys the surrounding solid object. As described above, in the ceramic layer in which the main body portion 805 includes the bubbles 801, it is considered that the absence of a refuge for the solid material destroyed by the impact causes continuous destruction.

  As described above, the impact absorbing member having a multilayer structure including the ceramic layers as in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is intended to disperse and absorb the impact by utilizing the non-easyness of destruction of the ceramic layer. It has a problem that it can not cope with bullets with strong destructive power or bullets that tend to concentrate impact. Here, even if a foamable ceramic layer having bubbles inside is used, the ceramic layer is easily destroyed, so it is difficult to absorb and protect the impact from a bullet or the like. If it corresponds to such a bullet, it is necessary to increase the thickness of any or all of the metal layer, the outer skin layer, and the ceramic layer. However, if the thickness is increased, the impact absorbing member becomes heavy and bulky, and there is a problem that it is difficult to apply to light vehicles and general vehicles.

  Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 3, a shock absorbing material made of a metal base material and a ceramic reinforcing material has a problem of increasing manufacturing costs. Also, even if only the rigidity is strengthened, such as ceramic reinforcement, it is difficult to disperse the impact with a bullet that concentrates the impact in a narrow area, and the impact cannot be absorbed sufficiently. ing.

  As described above, the prior art includes (1) weight reduction, (2) thickness reduction, (3) cost reduction, (4) ease of application to armor such as light vehicles and general vehicles, and (5) impact. The problems of dispersion and absorption efficiency, and protection from impact based on (6) and (5) cannot all be solved in a well-balanced manner.

  In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention reduces the impact of the ceramic layer formed by the connection between particles in the void and the ease of manufacturing and application such as weight reduction and cost reduction in the void, An object of the present invention is to provide an impact-absorbing member that can solve the dispersion of impact and the efficiency of absorption in a balanced manner.

  In view of the above problems, the shock absorbing member of the present invention includes a first layer having a predetermined material and a second layer laminated on the first layer, and the second layer includes a plurality of layers forming a combined body. Including a continuous bond between the particles and a plurality of voids that are the remainder of the bond between the particles, the plurality of voids communicate with each other around the plurality of particles.

  The impact absorbing member of the present invention is not a ceramic member having bubbles generated in the main body (the main body of the ceramic is the main and the bubbles are subordinate), but the connection between the particles in the void causes the void and the particle Can continuously disperse impacts from projectiles such as bullets by the ceramic member in which the particles are continuously present (mainly particles and voids serving as the main body of the ceramic). In addition, the shock absorbing member of the present invention can reduce the impact by weakening the dispersed impact in the gap portion (since the void is a gas portion, the impact is easily weakened unlike the solid portion). it can.

  As a result, the impact absorbing member and the bulletproof member to which the impact absorbing member is applied can protect the impact from a bullet or the like. In particular, since penetration can be prevented, it is easy to protect human life.

  In addition, by using a ceramic layer having a gap, the shock absorbing member and the bulletproof member of the present invention can be made thin and light so that they can be easily mounted on the armor of a vehicle having a weight limit such as a light vehicle and a general vehicle. Is possible. In particular, since the cost can be reduced, it is possible to easily give bulletproof capability to light vehicles and general vehicles required for private activities and volunteer activities.

  As a result, it is possible to maintain the safety of private activities, volunteer activities, and administrative activities in the conflict area, and to create an advantage that problems can be solved in the conflict area at an early stage.

It is a side view of the impact-absorbing member in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the absorption of the impact in the 2nd layer 3 in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the impact-absorbing member in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the elements on larger scale of the coupling body in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the elements on larger scale of the coupling body in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the elements on larger scale of the 2nd layer by the coated ceramic particle in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a side view which shows the destruction state of the impact-absorbing member in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a side view of the impact-absorbing member in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the impact-absorbing member in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the armored vehicle in Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a microscope picture of the manufactured 2nd layer in Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a microscope picture of the manufactured 2nd layer in Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the impact propagation in the porous ceramic layer in a prior art.

  An impact absorbing member according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a first layer having a predetermined material and a second layer laminated on the first layer, and the second layer is a plurality of members forming a combined body. And a plurality of voids that are the remainder of the bonding between the particles, and the plurality of voids communicate with each other around the plurality of particles.

  With this configuration, the impact absorbing member can disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision of the flying object in the surface direction.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the first aspect, the second layer disperses and absorbs the impact from the flying object, and the first layer protects the flying object from the flying object. Defend against direct clash.

  With this configuration, the impact absorbing member can absorb the impact caused by the collision of the flying object by exhibiting different roles of the first layer and the second layer.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the third invention of the present invention, in addition to the first or second invention, the first layer directly or indirectly faces the defense target, and the second layer is a flight. Directly or indirectly facing an object.

  With this configuration, the impact absorbing member first disperses and absorbs the impact caused by the collision of the flying object by the second layer, and reduces the final impact by the first layer.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to third aspects, the second layer includes a plurality of members that form a combined body in a space in which the second layer is formed. Particles are formed by being filled and combined, and gaps formed by the combination of particles in the space form a plurality of voids.

  With this configuration, the second layer can accommodate the broken solid portion in the gap without causing the impact caused by the collision of the flying object to propagate in a chain manner to the solid portion. As a result, the second layer can absorb and absorb the impact in the surface direction.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, the second layer includes a plurality of particles forming a combined body and a plurality of voids continuously. It is formed by being adjacent.

  With this configuration, the second layer can accommodate the broken solid portion in the gap without causing the impact caused by the collision of the flying object to propagate in a chain manner to the solid portion. As a result, the second layer can absorb and absorb the impact in the surface direction.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the fifth aspect, the second layer includes a plurality of particles in addition to the continuous adjacency of the plurality of particles forming the combined body and the plurality of voids. Are formed by continuous bonding between the particles and communication between the plurality of voids.

  With this configuration, the second layer can accommodate the broken solid portion in the gap without causing the impact caused by the collision of the flying object to propagate in a chain manner to the solid portion. In particular, in most states, the presence of voids around the particles can reduce impact propagation.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to sixth aspects, a plurality of voids are formed by a skeleton formed by a combination of a plurality of particles. Communicating around

  With this configuration, the second layer can reduce the propagation of impact in the solid portion and allow the voids to contain the broken particles. As a result, the impact can be dispersed and absorbed.

  In the impact-absorbing member according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the particles include a plurality of types based on at least one of an average particle diameter, a structure, and a material. Contains particle elements.

  With this configuration, the second layer can form a combined body that can easily create a void around it.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the eighth aspect, the plurality of particle elements include a first particle element and a second particle element having different average particle diameters, and the first particle element is The second particle element has an average particle size of 10 μm to 200 μm.

  With this configuration, the particles can be easily bonded to each other, and the particles and the voids can be easily bonded. As a result, a second layer that easily disperses and absorbs impact is formed.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the tenth invention of the present invention, in addition to the eighth or ninth invention, the particle element includes ceramic particles, and the ceramic particles include an oxide of a metal element, a nitride of a metal element, It includes at least one of carbides of metal elements, borides of metal elements, and solid solutions thereof.

  With this configuration, the combined body can be manufactured easily and at low cost.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the eleventh invention of the present invention, in addition to any of the eighth to tenth inventions, the ceramic particles include alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, titanium boride, It includes at least one of titanium carbide, yttria-alumina-garnet (hereinafter referred to as “YAG”), silicon oxide, zirconium oxide (including fully stabilized zirconium oxide and partially stabilized zirconium oxide), and cubic boron nitride.

  With this configuration, the combined body can be manufactured easily and at low cost.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the twelfth invention of the present invention, in addition to any of the seventh to eleventh inventions, the particle element comprises ceramic particles and ceramic particles coated with at least one of a metal and an organic substance. Including at least one of

  With this configuration, a bonded body (second layer) can be manufactured at a lower cost than in the case of normal ceramic particles.

In the impact absorbing member according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any of the first to twelfth aspects of the invention, when the flying object destroys the first layer and the second layer, the incident surface of the flying object The opening area S1 (mm ² ) generated by being destroyed by the impact of the flying object and the opening area S2 (mm ² ) generated by the flying object at the arrival surface of the flying object is the sum of the first layer and the second layer (Relational expression) S2 = (t1 + a) ² / a ² × S1
However, 50 ≧ a ≧ 1.44
It has the relationship shown by.
With this configuration, the second layer can disperse and absorb the impact from the flying object. As a result, the impact absorbing member prevents damage from flying objects to a minimum.

  The impact absorbing member according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, further comprises a third layer laminated on the second layer, and the second layer and the third layer At least one receives a flying object collision.

  With this configuration, the shock absorbing member can first reduce the speed and momentum of the flying object, then disperse and absorb the shock, and finally stop damage caused by the shock.

  In the impact absorbing member according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the fourteenth aspect, at least one of the first layer and the third layer has a layer formed of at least one of ceramics, metal, and alloy. .

  With this configuration, the third layer can reduce the speed and momentum of the flying object when the flying object collides. Alternatively, the tip of the flying object can be crushed.

  In the shock absorbing member according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the proportion of the plurality of voids in the second layer is 20% to 50% with respect to the entire second layer.

  With this configuration, the second layer can disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision while ensuring the strength as the layer.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

  (Embodiment 1)

  Embodiment 1 will be described.

(Overview)
The overall outline of the shock absorbing member in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a side view of an impact absorbing member according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows an internal cross section of the side surface of the shock absorbing member 1.

  The shock absorbing member 1 includes a defense object from the flying object 10, a first layer 2 that directly or indirectly faces, and a second layer 3 that is stacked on the first layer 2. Here, the defense target exists inside the first layer 2 in FIG. 1 (lower side in FIG. 1). For example, when the shock absorbing member 1 is used for vehicle armor, there are passengers inside the first layer 2. Of course, when another layer further laminated on the first layer 2 exists, the first layer 2 indirectly faces the defense target (for example, an occupant).

  Similarly, the second layer 3 faces the flying object 10 directly or indirectly. When the impact absorbing member 1 is used for the armor of the vehicle and the second layer 3 is the outermost shell, the second layer 3 directly faces the flying object 10. Alternatively, when another layer is stacked outside the second layer 3, the second layer 3 indirectly faces the flying object 10.

  In any case, the second layer 3 receives an impact from the flying object 10 and disperses / absorbs the impact, and the first layer 2 finally stops the dispersed / absorbed impact.

  The second layer 3 includes a bonded body formed by continuous bonding of a plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming a bonded body, and a plurality of voids 6 that are the remainder of the bonding of the plurality of particles 4 and 5. ,including. In FIG. 1, the black area inside the second layer 3 indicates the particles 4 and 5, and the white area indicates the void 6. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of voids 6 communicate with each other around the plurality of particles 4 and 5.

  That is, the second layer 3 is not porous in which bubbles are present inside the ceramic layer as in the prior art, and the second layer 3 has a plurality of particles 4 and 5 bonded together in a certain space, The remainder inside this space becomes a plurality of gaps 6. For this reason, the particles 4, 5 and the void 6 are adjacent to each other, and the periphery of the particles 4, 5 is surrounded by the void 6 except for the coupling portion between the particles 4, 5. That is, a gas portion is not generated in the solid portion, but particles 4 and 5 that are solid portions are present in the gas portion.

  The first layer 2 is stacked on the second layer 3, but the second layer 3 absorbs the impact of the flying object 10, thereby preventing the penetration of the flying object 10 or reducing its momentum even if it penetrates. Then, defend the defense object.

    (Shock absorption mechanism)

  For example, when the flying object 10 is a bullet, the bullet collides with the surface of the second layer 3. The bullet impacts the second layer 3 because it collides with the surface of the second layer 3 at a predetermined speed. As described with reference to FIG. 12, in the impact absorbing member using ceramics of the prior art, the impact of the colliding bullet easily propagates only in the solid part or in the solid part with bubbles, and the ceramic layer becomes Easily destroyed. In particular, since the impact propagates linearly, it is easily destroyed in a very narrow cross-sectional area. In contrast, the second layer 3 of the shock absorbing member 1 in the first embodiment efficiently absorbs this shock. In general, the impact of a bullet propagates through a solid part, thereby destroying the solid part. By this destruction, the shock absorbing member is destroyed.

  On the other hand, in the second layer 3 of the shock absorbing member 1 of the first embodiment, the particles 4 and 5 that are solid portions are always adjacent to the voids 6 that are gas portions. That is, the gas part covers a certain range around the solid part while the particles 4 and 5 that are the solid part and the void 6 that is the gas part are continuously adjacent to each other. In addition, the plurality of gaps 6 communicate with each other. For this reason, the impact of the bullet colliding with the surface of the second layer 3 does not propagate through the second layer 3 at high speed and continuously. That is, the second layer 3 can widely disperse the impact of the impacted bullets, and this dispersion can prevent the first layer 2 from being concentrated and strong.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining shock absorption in the second layer 3 in the first embodiment of the present invention.

  The bullet 11 collides with the surface of the second layer 3. An impact is generated by this collision. This impact propagates in the gap 6 which is a gas portion, but the propagation force in the gas portion is weak. In the first place, since the gap 6 does not form a bonded body, it does not conform to the concept of being destroyed.

  For this reason, the impact of the bullet 11 easily propagates through the particles 4 and 5 that are solid portions. Arrows A and B schematically show propagation paths through which the impact of the bullet 11 is transmitted. From the position of the surface of the second layer 3 where the bullet 11 collides, the impact first propagates to the adjacent particles 4 and 5 that are solid portions. Next, the impact propagates from the particles 4 and 5 that have reached the impact to the other particles 4 and 5 that are close to the particles 4 and 5. At this time, voids 6 exist in the space from the first particles 4 and 5 to the next particles 4 and 5 that are close to each other. The presence of the void 6 attenuates (1) the impact propagating to the next particle, (2) a distance occurs in the propagation to the next particle, and the impact becomes easy to disperse, (3) it is dispersed Thus, the impact is also easily attenuated. (4) The effect that the impact strength with respect to the unit area in the first layer 2 is reduced by being dispersed is produced.

  As indicated by arrows A and B, the impact is dispersed so as to diffuse in the plane direction of the second layer 3 from the portion where the bullet 11 collides. Due to this dispersion, the impact reaching from the surface of the second layer 3 to the joint surface with the first layer 2 reaches over a wide range. FIG. 2 shows an impact arrival area where the impact reaches. As can be seen from comparison with FIG. 12 showing the case of the prior art, it can be seen that the impact propagating through the second layer 3 is dispersed over a wide range.

  Since the impact reaching area is wide, the impact reaching the first layer 2 is distributed over a wide area. That is, the impact strength per unit area of the first layer 2 is reduced. Since the first layer 2 has a plate member formed of metal, alloy, resin, hard member, etc., the first layer 2 can cope with this impact. That is, even if the first layer 2 is not destroyed or is destroyed, the momentum of the bullet 11 is attenuated, so that the defense target can be protected from the bullet 11.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the second layer 3 has a plurality of voids 6 around the particles 4 and 5 that bind each other. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the impact absorbing member according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. When the bullet 11 impacts the surface of the second layer 3, the particles 4 and 5 that are solid portions move due to the destruction that occurs. At this time, unlike the ceramic layer of the prior art, the particles 4 and 5 have a plurality of voids 6 around them (the ceramic layer of the prior art has bubbles scattered inside the solid portion. The solid part is the main and the bubble is the sub). For this reason, the particles 4 and 5 that have been broken and lost their bond with the other particles 4 and 5 can move to the surrounding voids 6. That is, the voids 6 around the broken particles 4 and 5 are used as escape places for the broken particles 4 and 5.

  FIG. 3 shows a state in which the particles 4 and 5 indicated by gray circles are broken by the impact of the bullet 11 and are received in the surrounding gap 6. In other words, the broken particles 4 and 5 are the ones that maintain the shape of the particles, the powder of the particles crushed by being broken, etc. are blown away at high speed in the surrounding gap 6 and received in the gap 6. It is a state that was received (contained). In other words, the broken particles 4 and 5 are received in the surrounding space 6 (how to be received by being struck). As described above, since the void 6 is provided as a place for the broken particles 4 and 5 to escape, there is an advantage that no new destruction caused by the movement of the solid particles 4 and 5 occurs. In addition, the rhombus shown by the gray in FIG. 3 has shown the powder (cass) of the particle | grains 4 and 5 which were destroyed and crushed. In this way, the surrounding void 6 receives a mixture of the particles 4 and 5 shown in gray circles and the broken powder.

  As described above, the second layer 3 including the continuous bonding between the plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming the combined body and the plurality of voids 6 that are the remainder of the bonding between the particles 4 and 5 includes the bullet 11 and the like. Disperses and absorbs impact from flying objects 10. Further, the first layer 2 can prevent a direct collision from the flying object 10 to the defense target based on the dispersion and absorption of the impact.

  That is, the second layer 3 has a role of dispersing and absorbing the impact from the flying object 10 by providing a combined body by continuous bonding of the particles 4, 5 and the voids 6. It plays a role of finally suppressing the dispersed impact. By the combination of different roles of the first layer 2 and the second layer 3, the shock absorbing member 1 can protect the defense target from the flying object 10.

  In particular, a bonded body made of ceramic particles has a characteristic that the Yugonio elastic shape limit is high. This is because the ceramic particles form crystals mainly by covalent bonds. On the other hand, it is much less liable to be liquid with respect to the impact of the flying object than a metal material made of a metal bond having a lower bonding force than a covalent bond. Since the high Yugonio elastic limit gives rise to the characteristic that it is difficult to become liquid, the second layer 3 in the first embodiment easily disperses and absorbs impact.

  That is, the second layer 3 in Embodiment 1 only needs to have a combined body having a Yugonio elastic shape limit equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The second layer 3 can also be defined by the value of this Unigoo elastic shape limit.

  As described above, the impact absorbing member 1 does not cause damage to the defense target from the flying object 10 such as a bullet or a shell.

  Next, the detail of each part is demonstrated.

(First layer)
The first layer 2 is stacked with the second layer 3. In particular, the first layer 2 is a layer that is highly likely to face the defense target. That is, the first layer 2 is the last line of defense from the flying object 10. In FIG. 1, the first layer 2 is shown as being stacked under the second layer 3, but the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 need not have a physical vertical relationship. Absent. The first layer 2 faces the defense target, and the second layer 3 may be laminated outside the first layer 2 (based on the defense target). For example, when the shock absorbing member 1 is used for the armor of a vehicle, the defense target object is in-vehicle equipment or a passenger.

  Of course, the shock absorbing member 1 may have a layer structure in which the first layer 2 does not face the defense target and the second layer 3 faces the defense target. Depending on the layer structure, the action of the shock absorbing member 1 can change, but depending on the characteristics of the object to be protected and the characteristics of the application application of the shock absorbing member 1, either the layer structure (the first layer 2 or the second layer 3 may be It suffices if it is determined whether or not it is opposed to the defense object.

  Since the first layer 2 becomes a final layer that finally receives the impact dispersed and absorbed by the second layer 3, it is preferable to include a plate member made of a predetermined material. For example, the first layer 2 may be provided with a plate member made of a material such as ceramic, metal, alloy, resin, or hard substance. For example, the first layer 2 may include a steel plate.

  The first layer 2 only needs to have a predetermined thickness, but it is preferable that the first layer 2 has such a thickness that the weight of the shock absorbing member 1 does not become too heavy. It is also preferable to consider the balance with the thickness of the second layer 3. For example, when the thickness of the second layer 3 is several millimeters, it is preferable that the thickness of the first layer 2 is several millimeters and the difference from the thickness of the second layer 3 is not large. Alternatively, since the second layer 3 needs to disperse / absorb the impact of the flying object 10 and needs a predetermined thickness, the first layer 2 is a layer that follows the second layer 3. The thickness may be smaller than that of the second layer 3.

  In addition, the 1st layer 2 and the 2nd layer 3 may be adhere | attached, may be heat-joined, and may be welded. Alternatively, the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 may be bonded and fixed with a double-sided tape.

(Second layer)
The second layer 3 is laminated on the first layer 2 and disperses and absorbs the impact caused by the collision of the flying object 10. As above-mentioned, the 2nd layer 3 contains the several space | gap 6 which is the remainder of the continuous coupling | bonding of several particle | grains 4 and 5 which form a coupling | bonding body, and this several particle | grains 4 and 5 mutual coupling | bonding. . Further, the plurality of voids 6 communicate with each other around the plurality of particles 4 and 5. That is, the second layer 3 is not a ceramic layer having bubbles that do not communicate with each other inside the solid portion as in the prior art, but is filled with a plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming a combined body inside a predetermined space. This is a mixed layer of the combined body and the gap 6 obtained by the above. That is, the void 6 and the particles 4 and 5 that are gas portions are continuously adjacent to each other, and neither is a main or a subordinate.

  For this reason, the circumference | surroundings of the some particle | grains 4 and 5 used as a solid part are surrounded by the several space | gap 6 except the coupling | bond part of particle | grains 4 and 5. FIG. The second layer 3 has communication of the voids 6, and the particles 4 and 5 are connected to other particles 4 and 5 through the voids 6.

(Structure of the second layer 3)
The second layer 3 may be formed by filling and bonding a plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming a combined body in a space 7 in which the second layer 3 is formed. The second layer 3 is required to have a predetermined thickness and area in advance. For this reason, the volume of the space 7 in which the second layer 3 is formed is determined according to the use of the shock absorbing member 1. That is, the space 7 in which the second layer 3 is formed is determined under the assumption.

  The assumed space 7 is filled with a plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming a combined body. The plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming the combined body include ceramic particles and ceramic particles whose surroundings are covered with metal or organic matter. After these particles 4 and 5 are filled, pressure and temperature are applied to form a combined body.

  By applying the pressure and temperature, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 are combined. However, if the number of particles 4 and 5 contained in the space 7 (filling rate) is set to a certain level at the time of combining, a combined body is formed. After this, a plurality of voids 6 remain around the bonded particles 4 and 5. Since the plurality of voids 6 communicate with each other around the bonded particles 4 and 5, the second layer 3 becomes a plurality of voids 6 that communicate with each other around the coupled particles 4 and 5. It has a structure.

  For this reason, unlike the prior art, the structure is different from a structure in which scattered bubbles are formed inside a close bond between particles forming a solid portion.

  In addition, what is necessary is just to use the various well-known manufacturing techniques which manufacture ceramics for the manufacturing process which fills and couple | bonds the several particle | grains 4 and 5 to the space 7 assumed that the 2nd layer 3 is formed.

(Contiguous adjacency of multiple particles and multiple voids)
In addition, it can be said that the second layer 3 is a state in which a plurality of particles 4 and 5 and a plurality of voids 6 forming a combined body are continuously adjacent to each other.

  As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 are combined to form a combined body. The combined body has a combination of a plurality of particles 4 and 5. At this time, voids 6 are generated around each of the plurality of particles 4 and 5. This is a result of adjusting the density of the plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming the combined body with respect to the second layer 3.

  Further, in the plurality of particles 4 and 5 in a certain position, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 and the plurality of voids 6 are adjacent to each other, and in the plurality of particles 4 and 5 in other positions, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 5 and a plurality of gaps 6 are adjacent to each other. That is, when viewed in the second layer 3 as a whole, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 and the plurality of voids 6 are continuously adjacent to each other.

  As described above, since the plurality of particles 4 and 5 and the plurality of voids 6 are continuously adjacent to each other, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 serving as a solid portion always have voids 6 around the particles. become. As a result, when the flying object 10 collides with the second layer 3, the following mechanism occurs.

  (Mechanism 1) It is difficult for the impact to be continuously transmitted to the particles 4 and 5 which are solid portions (the impact is reduced by the voids 6 around the particles 4 and 5). Mechanism 1 is shown in FIG.

  (Mechanism 2) The particles 4 and 5 which are solid portions destroyed by impact are mixed in a state in which the state of the particles is maintained and a state in which the particles are destroyed, and the voids 6 existing around are mixed at high speed. It is thrown away and received. As a result, the broken particles 4 and 5 are less likely to break the surrounding particles 4 and 5 in a chained manner. This is as shown in FIG.

  By the combination of (mechanism 1) and (mechanism 2), the second layer 3 can disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision of the flying object 10.

      (Continuous bonding between particles and communication between voids)

  Further, the second layer 3 includes a continuous combination of the plurality of particles 4 and 5 and a plurality of voids 6 in addition to the continuous adjoining of the plurality of particles 4 and 5 and the plurality of voids 6. It is formed by communication between the gaps 6.

  That is, in the second layer 3, all of the following <1> to <3> are generated in combination.

<1> The plurality of particles 4 and 5 are continuously bonded to each other.
<2> The plurality of voids which are the remaining portions where the plurality of particles 4 and 5 are not bonded communicate with each other.
<3> The plurality of particles 4 and 5 and the plurality of voids 6 are continuously adjacent to each other.

  By all combinations of <1> to <3> as described above, the second layer 3 is different from the layer having bubbles scattered inside the solid part as in the prior art, and the particles 4 and 5 that are solid parts In this connection, a part of the periphery is surrounded by a plurality of gaps 6 that are always in communication. As a result, the second layer 3 can disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision of the flying object 10 by exhibiting the above (Mechanism 1) and (Mechanism 2) with respect to the impact of the flying object 10.

(Skeleton by bonding of particles)
In the second layer 3, it can be said that a plurality of voids 6 are formed by a skeleton formed by the combination of the plurality of particles 4 and 5.

  The plurality of particles 4 and 5 are bonded to each other when forming a combined body. By this bonding, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 are connected like a skeleton. This is because the bonded particles 4 and 5 form a skeleton. The generation of a skeleton means that the portion other than the skeleton is a void 6.

  For this reason, the skeleton formed by combining the plurality of particles 4 and 5 and the void 6 other than the skeleton are continuously adjacent to each other, and the periphery of the skeleton that is a solid portion includes the void 6. It becomes. Also in this case, the above (Mechanism 1) and (Mechanism 2) are generated, and the second layer 3 can disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision of the flying object 10.

  Here, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 forming the skeleton include a plurality of types of particle elements, and each of the plurality of types of particle elements is different in at least one of a material, an average particle diameter, and a structure. By combining different types of particle elements that are different from each other in this way, the skeleton formed becomes a more complex skeleton, so that the solid portion and the gas portion can be successively adjacent to each other. . As a result, the second layer 3 can have a structure in which the above (Mechanism 1) and (Mechanism 2) are easily exhibited.

(particle)
Next, details of the particles will be described.

  The particles form a combined body included in the second layer 3 like the particles 4 and 5 shown in FIGS. Here, the particles may include a single type of particle element or a plurality of types of particle elements. The type includes at least one of material, average particle size and structure as its criteria.

  The combined body may be formed by combining single types of particle elements. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the combined body according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the combined body 30 is formed by only a single type of particle element 41. The particle element 41 has a single type of material and average particle diameter, and the bonded element 30 is formed by combining particle elements 41 having substantially the same size.

  Even when a combined body is formed by combining single-type particle elements 41, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of voids 6 are generated by the remainder of the combined particle elements 41. Since a bonded body is formed by the coupling of the particle elements 41, the gap 6 is always generated around the particle element 41 except for the bonded portion of the particle elements 41. As a result, the coupling between the plurality of particle elements 41, the communication between the plurality of voids 6 (however, not all of them communicate with each other, and some parts may be cut off without communication) and the particle elements 41 Adjacent to the gap 6 occurs.

  However, in the case where the combined body 30 is formed of a single type of particle element 41, it is difficult for the gap 6 to be formed in the connection between the particle elements 41, or even if formed, the space may be reduced. . In particular, when the bonded body 30 is formed by bonding of single particles 41 having the same average particle diameter, the particle elements 41 are bonded to each other with a wide bonding area and a short distance, so that the void 6 is reduced. Tend to. If the gap 6 becomes too small in this way, the effects of the above (Mechanism 1) and (Mechanism 2) may be reduced.

  For this reason, it is also preferable that the particle includes a plurality of types of particle elements, and the combined body 30 is formed by the combination of the plurality of particle elements.

  FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the combined body according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a state in which the combined body 30 is formed by a plurality of types of particle elements 41 and 42. In particular, FIG. 5 shows a combined body 30 formed of two types of particle elements 41 and 42 having different average particle diameters. The particle element 41 has a large average particle diameter, and the particle element 42 has a smaller average particle diameter than the particle element 41. Thus, when the particle element 41 having a large average particle diameter and the particle element 42 having a small average particle diameter are combined, the following three types of regions are likely to occur.

(Region 31) A region in which a plurality of particle elements 41, 42 are coupled so that particle elements 41 having a large average particle diameter are connected to each other.
(Area 32) An area where the particle elements 42 having a small average particle diameter are mainly bonded.
(Area 33) An area where the particle elements 41 having a large average particle diameter are mainly bonded.

  In these three types of regions, gaps 6 are generated. Here, compared to the case where the combined body 30 is formed by only a single type of particle element 41, the combined body 30 of FIG. , Gaps 6 of various sizes and shapes can be provided. In particular, in the region 31, since the particle elements 41 having a large average particle diameter are connected to each other like the adhesive with the particle elements 42 having a small average particle diameter, the air gap 6 </ b> A tends to increase naturally.

  Or the particle element 42 with a small average particle diameter couple | bonds around the particle element 41 with a large average particle diameter, and it becomes easy to produce the complicated and many space | gap 6B around the particle element 41. FIG. Each of the gaps 6A and 6B tends to be complicated, numerous, and large around the particle elements 41 and 42. As a result, many voids 6 are continuously adjacent around the particles 4 that are solid portions. By this continuous adjacency, (mechanism 1) and (mechanism 2) are generated.

  As described with reference to FIG. 5, the plurality of types of particle elements 41 and 42 form the combined body 30, thereby forming the second layer 3 in which (mechanism 1) and (mechanism 2) are likely to occur. .

  As described above, it is preferable that the particles 4 include the particle elements 41 and 42 having different average particle diameters. However, as an example, the particle elements 41 have an average particle diameter of 10 μm to 200 μm, and the particle elements 42. Preferably has an average particle size of 0.2 μm to 5 μm.

  When each of the particle elements 41 and 42 is smaller than the lower limit, the density of the bonded body 30 in the second layer 3 to be formed is too high, and the second layer 3 is difficult to sufficiently include the void 6. is there. On the other hand, when each of the particle elements 41 and 42 is larger than the upper limit, the density of the bonded body 30 becomes too low and the second layer 3 becomes too brittle.

  Further, when the lower limit of the particle element 41 and the upper limit of the particle element 42 are too close, it is difficult to form effective voids 6 as shown in FIG.

  From the above, it is preferable that the particle element 41 has an average particle diameter of 10 μm to 200 μm, and the particle element 42 has an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm to 5 μm.

(Particle element material)
The particle elements 41 and 42 preferably include ceramic particles. At this time, even when the particle 4 includes different types of particle elements 41, 42, the distinction between the case where the particle 4 includes a single type of particle element 41 is not particularly limited. It only has to contain particles. That is, when the particle 4 includes a plurality of particle elements 41 and 42 having different average particle diameters, the particle elements 41 and 42 may be formed from ceramic particles having different average particle diameters.

  As an example, the ceramic particles include at least one of an oxide of a metal element, a nitride of the metal element, a carbide of the metal element, a boride of the metal element, and a solid solution thereof. The ceramic particles formed of such a material form the second layer 3 that can leave the gap 6 while being bonded to each other.

  Ceramic particles include alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, titanium boride, titanium carbide, yttria-alumina-garnet (hereinafter referred to as “YAG”), silicon oxide, zirconium oxide (fully stabilized). (Including zirconium oxide and partially stabilized zirconium oxide) and cubic boron nitride. The ceramic particles formed of such a material form the second layer 3 that can leave the gap 6 while being bonded to each other.

  In particular, the ceramic particles formed of the materials listed here can have various average particle diameters. Alternatively, the particle elements 41 and 42 can be easily formed. In addition, by applying pressure and temperature, the particle elements 41 and 42 are reliably bonded to each other, and the combined body 30 is easily formed.

  It should be noted that the formation of the bonded body 30 by bonding the ceramic particles listed here uses the same process as the formation of ceramic plates by various ceramic particles, which is a known technique. That is, by accumulating ceramic particles and applying pressure and heat, the ceramic particles are bonded to each other to form a bonded body 30.

      (Ceramic particle coating)

  The bonded body 30 is preferably not only bonded to the ceramic particles themselves, but also the ceramic particles are covered with at least one of a metal and an organic substance.

  In order for uncoated ceramic particles to bond together, it is necessary to apply pressure and heat to the accumulated ceramic particles (ie, a sintering step is required).

  On the other hand, when the periphery of the ceramic particles is coated with at least one of a metal and an organic material, a sintering step is not required for bonding of the coated ceramic particles. That is, the coated ceramic particles in which the periphery of the ceramic particles (which is obtained from the above-described metal element oxide or metal element carbide) is coated with a metal, is at a temperature of about 100 to 800 ° C. while being filled in a mold. Is heated until the surface metals are bonded and integrated. If pressure is applied at this time, a more uniform structure can be obtained. Similarly, the coated ceramic particles in which the periphery of the ceramic particles is coated with an organic substance are merely heated to about 80 to 150 ° C. after pressure is applied, and the organic substances are fused and integrated.

  These treatments do not require an expensive sintering furnace capable of sufficiently controlling the atmosphere on a large scale for producing ordinary ceramics, and are sufficient in terms of equipment with simple equipment having a filling mold and a heater. Sintering takes time to process (especially temperature rise and fall), but the above work is a few minutes at the fastest and about 1 hour at the latest, and is sufficient for integration, and the productivity is extremely high.

  Moreover, compared with the case where it manufactured only with ceramics, the defense function with respect to a high-speed flying object is not inferior.

  These treatments do not require an expensive sintering furnace capable of sufficiently controlling the atmosphere on a large scale for producing ordinary ceramics, and are sufficient in terms of equipment with simple equipment having a filling mold and a heater. Sintering takes time to process (especially temperature rise and fall), but the above work is a few minutes at the fastest and about 1 hour at the latest, and is sufficient for integration, and the productivity is extremely high.

  Thus, the manufacturing cost of the second layer 3 is obtained by using the coated ceramic particles in which the periphery of the ceramic particles is coated with at least one of a metal and an organic substance as the particle elements 41 and 42 (that is, the particles 4 and 5). Can be significantly reduced. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the shock absorbing member 1 can be significantly reduced.

  FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the second layer of the coated ceramic particles according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows a bonding state of coated ceramic particles in which the periphery of normal ceramic particles is coated with at least one of a metal and an organic substance.

  The second layer 3 includes a combined body 30. The bonded body 30 is formed by bonding of the coated ceramic particles 45. Here, the coated ceramic particle 45 includes a ceramic particle 46 to be coated and a coating layer 47 covering the periphery thereof. The covering layer 47 has at least one material of metal and organic matter.

  When the material of the coating layer 47 is a metal, the coating layer 47 is formed by plating around the ceramic particles 46. The plating may be performed by any method such as electrolytic plating or non-electrolytic plating. Alternatively, when the coating layer 47 is made of an organic material such as a resin, the coating layer 47 is formed by applying a coating such as coupling around the ceramic particles 47. When such a coating layer 47 is formed, it is the coated ceramic particles 45 that form the combined body 30.

  Of course, plating is an example, and the coating layer 47 may be formed by vapor deposition, solvent coating, electrodeposition, diffusion coating, shot blasting, sputtering, ion plating, powder coating, or the like. These means may be appropriately selected depending on the type of ceramic particles 47, the cost according to the particle size and fluidity, the thickness of the coating layer 47, and the like.

  Here, the thickness of the coating layer 47 is suitably about 0.01 μm to 10 μm. The covering layer 47 exerts the role of bonding the coated ceramic particles 45 to each other in the same manner as the particle element 42 having a small average particle diameter is bonded to the particle elements 41 having a large average particle diameter. The coated ceramic particles 45 are bonded to each other by the role of adhesion.

  The coated ceramic particles 45 are accumulated in a mold for forming the second layer 3 and then heated (when the resin becomes the coating layer 47, about 150 ° C., when the metal becomes the coating layer 47). Then, the pressure is applied (about 300 ° C. to 900 ° C.) and the pressure is applied (not including the sintering step), whereby the coating layers 47 are bonded to each other and the coated ceramic particles 45 are bonded to each other. In this way, the bonding of the coated ceramic particles 45 is promoted through the adhesion of the coating layer 47, and the bonded body 30 is formed. A plurality of voids 6 are formed around the coated ceramic particles 45 forming the combined body 30, and the coated ceramic particles 45 that are solid portions and the voids 6 that are gas portions are continuously adjacent to each other.

  The coating layer 47 may be any metal, alloy, or organic material, and various types of metal, alloy, or organic material may be selected. Resin is also used as the organic substance.

(Void)
Next, the gap 6 will be described.

  The second layer 3 has a plurality of voids 6 that are the remainder of the bonds between the particles 4 and 5.

  Here, the plurality of gaps 6 “plurality” includes that a plurality of gaps are grasped by dividing them into a certain region even when one gap and another gap communicate with each other and are integrated. Since the void 6 itself communicates with the periphery of the bonded particles 4 and 5, the void 6 can be regarded as a single void 6 when the void 6 is entirely connected. . However, in some cases, a part of the void 6 may be blocked by the particles 4 and 5, so that the void 6 can be regarded as plural.

  As described above, even if the voids 6 are in communication with each other, (1) the space 6 is divided into multiple when divided virtually in the unit area, and (2) is blocked by the particles 4 and 5 at any of the communication locations. It is regarded as a plurality by any one of the viewpoints.

  That is, the “plurality” of the plurality of gaps 6 does not mean that it is physically divided into a plurality of sections, but it is sufficient to regard it as a plurality of sections when grasping as a concept. is there.

  The ceramic layer of the prior art is in a state where bubbles are scattered inside the solid portion. On the other hand, in the second layer 3 of the first embodiment, the particles 4 and 5 and the void 6 are continuously adjacent to each other, the plurality of particles 4 and 5 are continuously bonded, and the plurality of voids 6 are It has a relative relationship of communicating. Due to this relative relationship, the particles 4 and 5 that are solid portions and the voids 6 that are gas portions are adjacent to each other, and (Mechanism 1) and (Mechanism 2) act. As a result, the second layer 3 can disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision of the flying object 10.

  Further, the plurality of voids 6 are continuously adjacent to the plurality of particles 4 and 5, thereby exhibiting the ability to disperse and absorb the impact of the second layer 3. For this reason, it is preferable that the proportion of the plurality of voids 6 in the second layer 3 is appropriately adjusted.

  As an example, the ratio of the plurality of voids 6 to the second layer 3 is preferably 20% to 50% with respect to the entire second layer 3. It is because the ratio for which the space | gap 6 accounts is too small as it is less than 20%, and the particle | grains 4 and 5 become too dense. In this case, the impact is continuously transmitted to the particles 4 and 5 which are solid parts, and the broken particles 4 and 5 continuously collide with the particles 4 and 5 which are adjacent solid parts and are destroyed. To promote. On the other hand, if it is larger than 50%, the second layer 3 becomes too coarse and the strength as a layer cannot be maintained sufficiently.

  Thus, it is preferable that the ratio (void ratio) which the several space | gap 6 accounts with respect to the 2nd layer 3 whole is 20%-50%.

  Of course, this range is an example, and it does not exclude that a different range is selected depending on the material of the particles 4 and 5, the manufacturing process, and the like.

  As described above, the shock absorbing member 1 of the first embodiment is completely different from the concept of the prior art, and spreads the destruction of the solid part due to the impact caused by the collision of the flying object in the surface direction, and the voids present around the particles 4 and 5. 6 receives the solid portion that moves due to destruction, so that the impact caused by the collision of the flying object 10 can be dispersed and absorbed.

  Further, since the first layer 2 can finally receive the impact dispersed and absorbed by the second layer 3, the first layer 2 is not easily destroyed as in the prior art. Particularly, when the flying object 10 is a high-speed and strong destructive object such as a bullet, the damage to the object (for example, an occupant) protected by the shock absorbing member 1 can be reduced by reducing the destruction of the first layer 2. Is suppressed.

  The impact absorbing member 1 having such a stack of the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 can absorb the impact from the flying object 10 such as a bullet or a shell and can effectively protect the defense target.

  (Embodiment 2)

  Next, a second embodiment will be described.

The impact-absorbing member 1 described in the first embodiment can define the characteristics in the shape and manner of destruction caused by the collision and penetration of the flying object 10. For example, the characteristics of the shock absorbing member 1 can be defined by the breaking opening area when the flying object 10 is incident from the second layer 3 and breaks the second layer 3 and the first layer 2. Let S1 (mm ² ) be the opening area that is generated by the impact of the flying object 10 on the incident surface (second layer 3) of the flying object 10. On the other hand, the opening area generated by the destruction of the flying object 10 on the arrival surface of the flying object 10 is S2 (mm ² ). Moreover, let the total thickness of the 1st layer 2 and the 2nd layer 3 be t1 (mm < ² >). Note that the opening area S2 may be generated by the penetration of the flying object 10, or may be generated by the destruction in a state where the flying object stops without penetrating.

  In this case, the following relational expression is established between the opening area S1 and the opening area S2.

(Relational expression) S2 = (t1 + a) ² / a ² × S1
However, 50 ≧ a ≧ 1.44

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a broken state of the shock absorbing member in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the impact absorbing member 1 in which the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 (each described in the first embodiment) are laminated, FIG. 7 shows that the bullet 11 as the projectile 10 collides with the second layer 3. It shows the state. Here, the total thickness of the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 is t1 (mm ² ).

  The impact absorbing member 1 is destroyed from the surface of the second layer 3 to the surface of the first layer 2 due to the impact of the bullet 11, and a destruction region 50 is generated. FIG. 7 schematically shows a trapezoidal fracture area 50 (two-dimensionally because it is a side view, but the fracture area 50 is essentially a three-dimensional shape that is close to a truncated cone. The shock absorbing member 1 is considered to be destroyed substantially corresponding to such a shape.

  At this time, the opening area generated by the impact of the bullet 11 on the surface of the second layer 3 on which the bullet 11 is incident is defined by S1, and is destroyed by the bullet 11 on the surface of the first layer 2 to which the bullet 11 reaches. The resulting opening area is S2. These S1, S2, and t1 have the relationship of the above-described relational expression.

  Unlike the prior art, S2 is sufficiently wide compared to S1. That is, it can be seen that the impact of the bullet 11 is diffused in the surface direction of the impact absorbing member 1. In the prior art, the impact from a bullet propagates continuously in a narrow area and destroys a very narrow opening area, and then the bullet penetrates. For this reason, the penetrating bullet could reach the inside of the shock absorbing member without reducing its momentum and speed.

  On the other hand, the impact absorbing member 1 of the first and second embodiments can absorb the impact of the impacting bullet 11 while diffusing the impact of the impacting bullet 11 in the surface direction, as shown in the above relational expression and FIG. . As shown in S2, the area to be opened when the bullet 11 arrives is widened, and the momentum and speed of the bullet 11 are sufficiently reduced. This is because the approach angle of the bullet 11 is also returned. As a result, the shock absorbing member 1 can surely defend the internal defense target.

  In addition, the relational expression shown here is an example, such as the type and speed of the flying object 10, the material of the first layer 2 and the second layer 3, the forming process, the laminating process, the ratio of each thickness, the total thickness, etc. Different relational expressions may be established depending on the change of parameters.

  As described above, the impact absorbing member 1 of the first and second embodiments can also specify the characteristics and functions by the above relational expression. For this reason, the impact-absorbing member provided with the lamination | stacking of the 1st layer and 2nd layer which have the characteristic specified by the above-mentioned relational expression is contained in the impact-absorbing member of this invention.

  (Embodiment 3)

  Next, Embodiment 3 will be described.

  The impact absorbing member 1 described in the first and second embodiments has a two-layer structure of a first layer 2 and a second layer 3. Here, it is also preferable that the shock absorbing member 1 includes a third layer that is further laminated on the second layer 3. When the third layer is laminated, the third layer first receives an impact from the flying object.

  FIG. 8 is a side view of the shock absorbing member according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The shock absorbing member 1 shown in FIG. 8 includes a third layer 9 on the second layer 3. In other words, the second layer 3 including the combined body 30 and the plurality of voids 6 formed by the combination of the plurality of particles 4 and 5 is sandwiched between the first layer 2 and the third layer 9. For this reason, the 3rd layer 9 exists in the position which receives the collision of the flying object 10. FIG.

  Similar to the first layer 2, the third layer 9 has a layer formed of at least one of ceramics, metal, and alloy. For this reason, the third layer 9 is formed by the same material and manufacturing process as those of the first layer 2 and the manufacturing process. In particular, it is preferable that the third layer 9 includes a plate member formed of a material such as ceramics, metal, alloy, resin, or hard substance. A steel plate may be used. When the shock absorbing member 1 is applied to armor of a transport vehicle or an aircraft, an outer plate provided in advance on the transport vehicle or the aircraft may also serve as the third layer 9.

  The third layer 9 only needs to have a predetermined thickness, but it is preferable that the third layer 9 has such a thickness that the impact absorbing member 1 does not become too heavy. It is also preferable to consider the balance with the thickness of the second layer 3. For example, when the thickness of the second layer 3 is several mm, it is preferable that the thickness of the third layer 9 is several mm and the difference from the thickness of the second layer 3 is not large.

  Alternatively, since the second layer 3 needs to disperse and absorb the impact of the flying object 10 and needs a predetermined thickness, the third layer 9 may be thinner than the second layer 3. This is because the third layer 9 is a layer that first receives the impact of the flying object 10, but the third layer 9 is intended to reduce the momentum (speed, force, vector) of the flying object 10. It is. The third layer 9 has a high hardness.

  Each of the first layer 2, the second layer 3, and the third layer 9 may be bonded to each other, thermally bonded, or welded. The shock absorbing member 1 is manufactured by such a manufacturing process.

  Here, the shock absorption mechanism of the shock absorbing member 1 having the three-layer structure of the first layer 2 to the third layer 9 will be described. Here, the flying object 10 is described as a bullet 11.

  (1) Reduction of momentum of flying object 10 in the third layer 9

  The bullet 11 first collides with the third layer 9. At this time, the third layer 9 includes a plate member formed of ceramics, metal, alloy, resin, hard substance or the like such as a steel plate. For this reason, the impact by the impact of the bullet 11 is received greatly. At this time, the third layer 9 can directly reduce the speed and impact force of the bullet 11.

  In addition, the tip of the bullet 11 is flattened due to the collision with the third layer 9 having high hardness. The bullet 11 may have a sharp tip in order to increase its penetration force. Such a bullet 11 with a sharp tip has a possibility of penetrating the second layer 3 and the first layer 2 with a strong momentum. On the other hand, when the bullet 11 first collides with the third layer 9, the tip thereof becomes flat.

  (2) Dispersion and absorption in the second layer 3

  The bullet 11 having a flat tip impairs the penetrating force in a narrow range in the second layer 3 and the first layer 2. For this reason, the bullet 11 that has entered the second layer 3, together with the structure of the second layer 3, makes it difficult to try to penetrate a narrow region. In this way, the bullet 11 with weak penetrating force disperses the impact in the surface direction of the second layer 3 due to the structural characteristics of the second layer 3 (as described in the first and second embodiments). End up. By this dispersion, the second layer 3 can disperse and absorb the impact of the bullet 11. The operation mechanism in the second layer 3 in this case is as described in the first embodiment.

  (3) Final shock absorption in the first layer 2

  The second layer 3 disperses and absorbs the impact of the bullet 11 in the surface direction. As a result, the momentum and impact of the bullet 11 reaching the first layer 2 are very small. For this reason, the 1st layer 2 can hold down the bullet 11 or can weaken the momentum of the bullet which penetrates very much. Further, as described in the second embodiment, the opening area S1 formed by being broken on the incident surface and the opening area S2 formed by being penetrated on the emission surface have the relational expression in the second embodiment. is doing. As a result, the area opened in the first layer 2 is widened, and the momentum of the bullet 11 is reduced accordingly, and the damage of the bullet 11 does not reach the defense target existing inside the first layer 2.

  That is, the bullet 11 is deformed by the third layer 9 to reduce its momentum to some extent, the impact of the bullet 11 is dispersed and absorbed by the second layer 3, and finally the momentum of the bullet 11 is obtained by the first layer 2. The shock absorbing member 1 according to the third embodiment protects the defense target by a mechanism that has a continuous example of disappearing.

  As described above, as described in <1> Embodiment 1, the impact absorbing member 1 includes the combined body formed by combining a plurality of particles and the plurality of voids communicating around the particles. <1> and <2> in which the first and third layers as plate members are laminated before and after the <2> second layer, in addition to the dispersion and absorption in the surface direction of impact by the layer By having this combination, it is possible to efficiently absorb the impact from the flying object and defend the defense object.

  In addition to the third layer 9, other layers may be stacked. Alternatively, a plurality of layers having a structure like the second layer 3 may be stacked together / alternately between the first layer 2 and the third layer 9. That is, the first layer 2 (the third layer 9) and the second layer 3 may be alternately laminated, such as a plate member, a particle combination, a plate member, and a particle combination. These are determined by the features of the application to which the defense object and the shock absorbing member 1 are applied.

  The third layer 9 also preferably has a structure in which a plurality of units are arranged. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an impact absorbing member according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 9A shows the side surface of the shock absorbing member 1, and FIG. 9B shows the front surface of the shock absorbing member 1 as seen from the third layer 9.

  The third layer 9 includes a plurality of units 91. A plurality of units 91 are arranged to constitute the entire third layer 9. By having such a structure, the impact from the flying object 10 can be dispersed or reduced to some extent. In FIG. 9, the third layer 9 has a plurality of units 91 arranged in one layer on the same plane, but may be stacked in the vertical direction. The first layer 2 may also have a structure in which a plurality of units are arranged like the third layer 9.

  Further, in this specification, “first”, “second”, and “third” in the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are terms that specify any of a plurality of stacked layers. It is not necessary to correspond to the order of lamination. That is, in the case of a shock absorbing member having a stack of N layers, the first layer and the second layer are terms indicating any one of the N layers. The first layer does not have to be the outermost layer, and the first layer and the second layer do not have to be adjacent.

  As described above, the impact absorbing member 1 according to the third embodiment can effectively reduce the impact of the flying object 10 and protect the object to be protected by the characteristics of the layer stacking.

  (Embodiment 4)

  Next, a fourth embodiment will be described.

  In the fourth embodiment, an application to which the shock absorbing member 1 described in the first to third embodiments is applied will be described.

      (Ballproof plate)

  The impact absorbing member 1 described in the first to third embodiments can be applied as a bulletproof plate that can cope with the case where the flying object 10 is a bullet 11. In this case, when the shock absorbing member 1 includes the third layer 9, the third layer 9 faces the bullet 11, and when the shock absorbing member 1 does not include the third layer 9, the second layer 3. Faces the bullet 11.

  By providing the impact-absorbing member 1, the bulletproof plate can protect the defense target from the bullet 11 by the actions of (mechanism 1) and (mechanism 2) as described in the first to third embodiments. In particular, since the impact absorbing member 1 can eliminate the momentum of the bullet 11, the bulletproof plate does not reach the defensive object existing inside the bulletproof plate or does not reach the damaged bullet even if it reaches it. It can be reduced to the extent that does not occur. As a result, the safety of workers engaged in volunteer activities, military activities, civilian activities, news gathering activities, etc. in conflict areas will be ensured.

  Further, the bulletproof plate includes the shock absorbing member 1, but may further include necessary elements in addition to the shock absorbing member 1. For example, it may further include a coating applied to match the appearance of the bulletproof plate with the application location of the bulletproof plate. When the bulletproof plate needs to be curved, the bulletproof plate needs to be manufactured using a curved impact absorbing member. Alternatively, when the bulletproof plate needs to be bent, the bulletproof plate needs to be manufactured by combining a plurality of impact absorbing members.

  As described above, the bulletproof plate is optimally applied to various applications by processing the shock absorbing member 1 as necessary.

  In addition, the bulletproof plate may be provided with appropriate changes in the thickness and size of the shock absorbing member 1 and the way in which the layers such as the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 are stacked according to the required strength. Good. In addition, bulletproof plates may be applied to armor and outer walls of transport equipment, outer walls of buildings, etc., and are applied to bulletproof vests worn on human bodies engaged in volunteer activities, military activities, civilian activities, and news gathering activities. May be.

      (Application to transportation equipment)

  The bulletproof plate is applied to the armor (outer wall) of transportation equipment.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an armored vehicle according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Armored vehicle 100 is shown as an example of transportation equipment. As is apparent from FIG. 10, the armored vehicle 100 includes a skeleton 103 that is used as a transport device, an armor 101 that connects the skeletons 103 to cover each other, and driving means (not shown) that allows the armored vehicle 100 to travel. It has.

  Here, the armor 101 includes a bulletproof plate 102. As described above, the bulletproof plate 102 includes the impact absorbing member 1 described in the first to third embodiments. That is, the armor 101 can protect the passengers inside the armored vehicle 100 by dispersing and absorbing the impact from the bullet 11 and the like by the impact absorbing member 1. In particular, since the impact caused by the impact of the bullet 11 is dispersed in the surface direction, the destruction inside the armor 101 is not easily connected in a chain. This also shows that the safety of the armored vehicle 100 is ensured.

  In addition, although the armored vehicle 100 is shown in FIG. 10, not only the armored vehicle 100 but also ordinary vehicles such as ordinary vehicles, one-box cars, off-road vehicles, etc. are often used in conflict areas. This is because private activities other than military operations, such as volunteer activities, private activities, and news gathering activities, require a small turn and low-cost transportation equipment.

  Such general vehicles and transportation equipment based on these vehicles are required to be light and low in cost. Even in this case, the bulletproof plate 102 is optimally applied because it is lightweight and low in cost. In particular, since the second layer 3 of the shock absorbing member 1 has a certain porosity, the effect of reducing the weight of the bulletproof plate 102 can be exhibited.

  For transport equipment that requires light weight and small turning, it is better to balance defense performance, cost and mobility than to sacrifice cost and mobility by giving priority to defense performance that can withstand any military attack. It is required to have. Since the bulletproof plate 102 that can be very lightweight is used for the armor 101 in the transportation device in the fourth embodiment, it is easy to realize a balance between them. In particular, the bulletproof plate 102 is not strong enough to cope with any bullets or shells, but by dispersing and absorbing the impact of normal bullets etc., damage to internal occupants can be avoided. Can be suppressed. On the other hand, since the transport performance of the transport equipment is not sacrificed, the transport equipment secures the safety of the occupant by immediately leaving the conflict area while withstanding the attack.

  That is, unlike a tank that stays in a conflict area and conducts military activities while enduring various attacks, the bulletproof plate 102 ( The shock absorbing member 1) is used.

  Note that the transportation equipment includes at least one of a general vehicle, a military vehicle, a military light vehicle, and an aircraft. For this reason, the bulletproof plate 102 may be used on the outer wall of the aircraft. In this case, in a conflict area or a terrorist area, an aircraft engaged in volunteer activities such as transportation of personnel and transportation of goods and recovery activities can prevent damage from bullets and shells to a minimum. As a result, civil and military activities in conflict and terrorist areas are expected to proceed smoothly.

  (Embodiment 5)

  Next, examples of the shock absorbing member actually manufactured by the inventor will be described.

(Example)
The inventor selected silicon carbide as the ceramic particles, and manufactured the second layer by the following procedure.

  As raw materials, two types of silicon carbide powder having an average particle diameter of 2 μm and an average particle diameter of 30 μm are prepared. These two types of silicon carbide powder are mixed by a ball mill apparatus. In this mixing, methyl alcohol is used. By this ball mill apparatus, the two types of silicon carbide powder are stirred and mixed until they are sufficiently mixed.

  Next, the two kinds of mixed silicon carbide powders are dried by a spray dryer. At this time, in order to obtain a shape (a certain shape having a size and a thickness) as the second layer, an organic binder for molding is added and dried. Particles are formed by this drying (granulation). Furthermore, the granulated predetermined material is molded using a die press with a pressure of 100 MPa. As a result, a plate material having a predetermined shape connected to the second layer is obtained.

  The obtained plate material is degreased using a degreasing furnace. Furthermore, it is sintered using a sintering furnace. This sintering promotes adhesion between the particles by the organic binder and dissolves the organic binder, leaving only the particles from the silicon carbide powder. Degreasing and sintering are performed in an argon gas atmosphere. Moreover, the heating temperature in degreasing is 600 degreeC, and the heating temperature in sintering is 2100 degreeC.

  Finally, it is processed into a desired shape as the second layer by a processing machine such as a grinding machine or a machining center. When the shock absorbing member is used, the first layer and the third layer are bonded or welded.

  As described in the first and second embodiments, the manufactured second layer includes a bonded body formed by bonding of a plurality of particles and a plurality of voids that are the remainder of the bonding. The plurality of voids are adjacent to each other while communicating with each other. As a result, the second layer to be manufactured has a state in which particles and voids are adjacent to each other, and the above-mentioned (mechanism 1) and (mechanism 2) act on the impact caused by the collision of the flying object. Can disperse and absorb shocks.

  FIG. 11 is a micrograph of the manufactured second layer in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a photograph taken at 8 times magnification of the actually manufactured second layer.

  As is clear from FIG. 11, the particle 4A having a large particle diameter and the particle 5A having a particle diameter smaller than the particle 4A are continuously bonded. This bond forms a bonded body 30. Moreover, it turns out that the several space | gap 6 has arisen around this coupling body 30 (namely, particle | grains 4A and 5A). The plurality of gaps 6 communicate with each other. Furthermore, the particles 4A and 5A and the void 6 are continuously adjacent to each other.

  FIG. 12 is a photomicrograph of the second layer manufactured in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows a photograph taken at 200 times magnification of the second layer shown in FIG. Similarly to the second layer shown in FIG. 11, the second layer shown in FIG. 12 combines the particles 4 </ b> A and the particles 5 </ b> A to form a combined body 30. Here, the particle 5A having a small particle size works as an adhesive between the particles 4A having a large particle size.

  Due to the continuous adjacency between the particles 4A and 5A and the void 6, the particles 4A and 5A that are solid portions transmit the received impact to the void 6 that is a gas portion. Will be reduced. Further, since the particles 4A and 5A destroyed by the impact move to the surrounding gaps 6, it becomes difficult for the destroyed particles 4A and 5A to continuously destroy the other particles 4A and 5A. That is, (Mechanism 1) and (Mechanism 2) work efficiently. As a result, the second layer shown in FIG. 11 can disperse and absorb the impact of flying objects (especially in the surface direction).

  As described above, also from the enlarged view of the actually manufactured second layer, the impact absorbing member of the present invention can efficiently disperse and absorb the impact caused by the collision of flying objects.

  As described above, the impact absorbing member, the bulletproof plate, and the transportation device described in the first to fifth embodiments are examples for explaining the gist of the present invention, and include modifications and alterations without departing from the gist of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shock-absorbing member 2 1st layer 3 2nd layer 4 5 particles 6 space 7 space 9 3rd layer 91 unit 10 flying object 11 bullet 45 coated ceramic particle 46 ceramic particle 47 coated layer 100 armored vehicle 101 armor 102 bulletproof plate 103 Skeleton

Claims (19)

A first layer having a predetermined material;
A second layer stacked on the first layer,
The second layer includes a continuous bond between a plurality of particles forming a bonded body and a plurality of voids that are the remainder of the bond between the particles,
The plurality of voids are shock absorbing members that communicate with each other around the plurality of particles. The second layer disperses and absorbs the impact from the flying object,
The impact absorbing member according to claim 1, wherein the first layer protects against a direct collision from the flying object to a defense object. The first layer directly or indirectly faces the defense object,
The impact absorbing member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second layer directly or indirectly faces the flying object. The second layer is formed by filling and bonding a plurality of particles forming a combined body in a space forming the second layer,
The impact absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein gaps generated by the coupling of the particles in the space form the plurality of voids.   The impact absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second layer is formed by continuously adjoining the plurality of particles forming the combined body and the plurality of voids.   In addition to continuous adjoining of the plurality of particles and the plurality of voids forming a combined body, the second layer is formed by continuous bonding of the plurality of particles and communication between the plurality of voids. The impact absorbing member according to claim 5, which is formed.   The impact absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of voids are formed by a skeleton formed by the combination of the plurality of particles, and the plurality of voids communicate with each other around the skeleton.   The impact absorbing member according to claim 1, wherein the particles include a plurality of types of particle elements based on at least one of an average particle diameter, a structure, and a material.   The plurality of particle elements include first particle elements and second particle elements having different average particle diameters, the first particle elements have an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm to 5 μm, and the second particle elements are The impact-absorbing member according to claim 8, having an average particle diameter of 10 μm to 200 μm.   The particle element includes ceramic particles, and the ceramic particles include at least one of a metal element oxide, a metal element nitride, a metal element carbide, a metal element boride, and a solid solution thereof. The impact absorbing member according to 8 or 9.   The ceramic particles include alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, titanium boride, titanium carbide, yttria-alumina-garnet (hereinafter referred to as “YAG”), silicon oxide, zirconium oxide (fully stabilized oxidation). The impact-absorbing member according to claim 8, comprising at least one of zirconium and partially stabilized zirconium oxide) and cubic boron nitride.   The impact absorbing member according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the particle element includes ceramic particles and at least one of ceramic particles coated with at least one of a metal and an organic substance. When the projectile destroys the first layer and the second layer, an opening area S1 (mm ² ) generated by the impact of the projectile on the incident surface of the projectile, and the projectile The opening area S2 (mm ² ) generated by the destruction by the flying object on the arrival surface is the total thickness of the first layer and the second layer as t1 (mm). (Relational expression) S2 = (t1 + a) ² / a ² × S1
However, 50 ≧ a ≧ 1.44
The impact-absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 12, having a relationship represented by:   The impact absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a third layer stacked on the second layer, wherein at least one of the second layer and the third layer receives a collision of the flying object. .   The impact-absorbing member according to claim 14, wherein at least one of the first layer and the third layer has a layer formed of at least one of ceramics, metal, and alloy.   The impact absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein a ratio of the plurality of voids in the second layer is 20% to 50% with respect to the entire second layer. The flying object is a bullet,
The shock absorbing member according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
At least one of the third layer and the second layer is a bulletproof plate that receives the impact of the bullet. A skeleton as a transport device,
Armor connecting the skeletons and covering the surroundings;
Driving means that enables travel or flight of the transport equipment, and
The said armor is transport equipment provided with the bulletproof board of Claim 17.   The transportation device according to claim 18, wherein the transportation device includes at least one of a general vehicle, a military vehicle, a military light vehicle, and an aircraft.