JP2021165629A - Combustion furnace and boiler - Google Patents

Combustion furnace and boiler Download PDF

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JP2021165629A
JP2021165629A JP2021112260A JP2021112260A JP2021165629A JP 2021165629 A JP2021165629 A JP 2021165629A JP 2021112260 A JP2021112260 A JP 2021112260A JP 2021112260 A JP2021112260 A JP 2021112260A JP 2021165629 A JP2021165629 A JP 2021165629A
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furnace
fuel
burners
nitrogen
ammonia
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JP7403502B2 (en
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恵美 大野
Emi Ono
貴弘 小崎
Takahiro Ozaki
大樹 石井
Daiki Ishii
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

To suppress an increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) when combusting carbon fuel and nitrogen-containing fuel together.SOLUTION: A combustion furnace includes: a furnace to be set to an air atmosphere that is lower than a theoretical amount of air; and a plurality of composite burners for burning a carbon fuel and a nitrogen-containing fuel by injecting it into the furnace, wherein the composite burners inject the carbon fuel from a double cylinder provided concentrically around the axial center, and inject the nitrogen-containing fuel from a plurality of single cylinders each provided outside the double cylinder around the axial center at a predetermined angle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、燃焼炉及びボイラに関する。 The present invention relates to a combustion furnace and a boiler.

下記特許文献1には、アンモニアを含む燃料を燃焼させる複合エネルギーシステムが開示されている。この複合エネルギーシステムは、二酸化炭素の排出量を削減することを目的として、主燃料である天然ガスにアンモニアを添加して燃焼させるものである。 Patent Document 1 below discloses a complex energy system that burns a fuel containing ammonia. This combined energy system adds ammonia to natural gas, which is the main fuel, and burns it for the purpose of reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

特開2016−032391号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-032391

ところで、アンモニアを燃料の一部として燃焼させた場合には燃焼ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加が懸念される。上記背景技術は、専ら二酸化炭素の排出量の削減を目的としており、窒素酸化物(NOx)を低減さることについて何ら解決策を提示するものではない。天然ガスのような炭素燃料とアンモニアのような窒素含有燃料とを一緒に燃焼させる場合には、実用性の観点から窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加を抑制することが必要不可欠である。 By the way, when ammonia is burned as a part of fuel, there is a concern that nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the combustion gas will increase. The background technology is solely aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions and does not offer any solution for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx). When a carbon fuel such as natural gas and a nitrogen-containing fuel such as ammonia are burned together, it is indispensable to suppress an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the viewpoint of practicality.

本発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、炭素燃料と窒素含有燃料とを一緒に燃焼させる場合における窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加を抑制することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to suppress an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) when a carbon fuel and a nitrogen-containing fuel are burned together.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明では、燃焼炉に係る第1の解決手段として、理論空気量よりも低い空気雰囲気に設定される火炉と、炭素燃料と窒素含有燃料とを前記火炉に噴射して燃焼させる複数の複合バーナとを備え、前記複合バーナは、軸中心に同心円状に設けられた二重筒から前記炭素燃料を噴射し、前記二重筒の外側に軸中心周りに所定角度で複数設けられた単筒から前記窒素含有燃料を噴射する、という手段を採用する。 In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, as a first solution relating to a combustion furnace, a furnace set to an air atmosphere lower than the theoretical air amount and carbon fuel and nitrogen-containing fuel are injected into the furnace. The composite burner is provided with a plurality of composite burners that are concentrically provided at the center of the shaft to inject the carbon fuel from the double cylinder, and the carbon fuel is injected to the outside of the double cylinder at a predetermined angle around the center of the shaft. The means of injecting the nitrogen-containing fuel from a plurality of single cylinders provided in the above is adopted.

本発明では、燃焼炉に係る第2の解決手段として、理論空気量よりも低い空気雰囲気に設定される火炉と、炭素燃料と窒素含有燃料とを前記火炉に噴射して燃焼させる複数の複合バーナとを備え、前記複合バーナは、軸中心周りに所定角度で複数設けられた単筒から前記窒素含有燃料を噴射し、前記単筒よりも軸中心から遠く同心円状に設けられた二重筒から前記炭素燃料を噴射する、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a second solution for a combustion furnace, a furnace set to an air atmosphere lower than the theoretical air amount and a plurality of composite burners that inject carbon fuel and nitrogen-containing fuel into the furnace and burn them. The composite burner injects the nitrogen-containing fuel from a plurality of single cylinders provided at a predetermined angle around the center of the shaft, and from a double cylinder provided concentrically farther from the center of the shaft than the single cylinder. The means of injecting the carbon fuel is adopted.

本発明では、燃焼炉に係る第3の解決手段として、上記第1または第2の解決手段において、前記複合バーナは、予混合された前記炭素燃料及び前記窒素含有燃料を噴射する、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a third solution relating to a combustion furnace, in the first or second solution, the composite burner injects the premixed carbon fuel and the nitrogen-containing fuel. adopt.

本発明では、燃焼炉に係る第4の解決手段として、上記第1〜第3のいずれかの解決手段において、前記炭素燃料は微粉炭であり、前記窒素含有燃料はアンモニアである、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a fourth solution relating to a combustion furnace, in any of the first to third solutions, the carbon fuel is pulverized coal and the nitrogen-containing fuel is ammonia. adopt.

本発明では、ボイラに係る解決手段として、上記第1〜第4のいずれかの解決手段に係る燃焼炉を備える、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a means for solving the boiler, a means for providing a combustion furnace according to any one of the above-mentioned first to fourth solutions is adopted.

本発明によれば、炭素燃料と窒素含有燃料とを一緒に燃焼させる場合における窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加を抑制することが可能である。 According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) when a carbon fuel and a nitrogen-containing fuel are burned together.

本発明の第1実施形態に係る燃焼炉A及び当該燃焼炉Aを備えるボイラの要部構成を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the main part structure of the combustion furnace A which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, and the boiler which includes the combustion furnace A. 図1のX−X線における矢視図である。FIG. 5 is an arrow view taken along line XX of FIG. 本発明の第2実施形態に係る燃焼炉B及び当該燃焼炉Bを備えるボイラの要部構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the main part structure of the combustion furnace B which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and the boiler which includes the combustion furnace B. 本発明の第3実施形態に係る燃焼炉C及び当該燃焼炉Cを備えるボイラの要部構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the main part structure of the combustion furnace C which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention, and the boiler which includes the combustion furnace C. 本発明の第3実施形態におけるバーナの構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the burner in 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
〔第1実施形態〕
最初に、本発明の第1実施形態に係る燃焼炉A及び当該燃焼炉Aを備えるボイラについて、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
First, the combustion furnace A according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the boiler including the combustion furnace A will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

この第1実施形態に係るボイラは、火炉1、熱交換機器2、複数(合計24個)のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34、微粉炭供給装置3及びアンモニア供給装置4を要部として備えている。なお、これら複数の構成要素のうち、火炉1の一部(下部)及び複数のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34は、第1実施形態に係る燃焼炉Aを構成している。 The boiler according to the first embodiment includes a furnace 1, a heat exchange device 2, a plurality of (24 in total) burners M11 to M34, N11 to N34, a pulverized coal supply device 3, and an ammonia supply device 4 as main parts. There is. Among these plurality of components, a part (lower part) of the furnace 1 and a plurality of burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34 constitute the combustion furnace A according to the first embodiment.

火炉1は、垂直かつ筒状に設けられた炉壁によって構成され、燃料を燃焼させて燃焼熱を発生させる炉体である。この火炉1では、燃料が燃焼することによって高温の燃焼ガスが発生する。このような火炉1の後段には、図示しない煙道が設けられている。上記燃焼ガスは、上記煙道を介して大気中に放出されるが、煙道を通過する間に窒素酸化物(NOx)や硫化物(SOx)が除去される。なお、このような火炉1の底部には、燃料の燃焼によって発生する灰分を外部に排出する排出口1aが設けられている。 The furnace 1 is composed of a furnace wall provided vertically and in a tubular shape, and is a furnace body that burns fuel to generate combustion heat. In this furnace 1, high-temperature combustion gas is generated by burning fuel. A flue (not shown) is provided in the subsequent stage of such a furnace 1. The combustion gas is released into the atmosphere through the flue, but nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfides (SOx) are removed while passing through the flue. At the bottom of such a furnace 1, a discharge port 1a for discharging ash generated by combustion of fuel to the outside is provided.

熱交換機器2は、上記火炉1の上部や炉壁に設けられた複数の伝熱管から構成されており、内部に水が流通している。この熱交換機器2は、過熱器や再熱器等、ボイラに設けられる熱交換機器を総称するものであり、燃焼ガスが有する燃焼熱を伝熱管内の水と熱交換させることにより水蒸気を発生させる。 The heat exchange device 2 is composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes provided in the upper part of the furnace 1 and the furnace wall, and water flows inside. This heat exchange device 2 is a general term for heat exchange devices provided in a boiler such as a superheater and a reheater, and generates steam by exchanging the combustion heat of the combustion gas with the water in the heat transfer tube. Let me.

複数(合計24個)のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34は、火炉1の下部に二次元状かつ対向配置されており、火炉1内に燃料を噴射して燃焼させる。すなわち、12個のバーナM11〜M34は、火炉1において対向する一対の炉壁の一方に直交配置され、残りの12個のバーナN11〜N34は、上記一対の炉壁の他方に直交配置されている。より詳細には、12個のバーナM11〜M34及びバーナN11〜N34は、上下方向に3段かつ水平方向に4つ所定間隔を空けて直交配置されている。 A plurality of burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34 (24 in total) are arranged two-dimensionally and facing each other in the lower part of the furnace 1, and fuel is injected into the furnace 1 to burn it. That is, the 12 burners M11 to M34 are arranged orthogonally to one of the pair of furnace walls facing each other in the furnace 1, and the remaining 12 burners N11 to N34 are arranged orthogonally to the other of the pair of furnace walls. There is. More specifically, the twelve burners M11 to M34 and the burners N11 to N34 are arranged orthogonally in three stages in the vertical direction and four in the horizontal direction at predetermined intervals.

これら合計24個のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34のうち、20個のバーナM11〜M24、N11〜N34は、何れも微粉炭(炭素燃料)のみを燃料として火炉1内に噴射する微粉炭専用バーナ(炭素燃料専用バーナ)であり、本発明における第1のバーナに相当する。また、残り(4個)のバーナM31〜M34は、何れもアンモニア(窒素含有燃料)のみを燃料として火炉1内に噴射するアンモニア専用バーナ(窒素含有燃料専用バーナ)であり、本発明における第2のバーナに相当する。 Of these 24 burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34, 20 burners M11 to M24 and N11 to N34 are all dedicated to pulverized coal that injects only pulverized coal (carbon fuel) into the furnace 1. It is a burner (a burner dedicated to carbon fuel) and corresponds to the first burner in the present invention. The remaining (4) burners M31 to M34 are all ammonia-dedicated burners (nitrogen-containing fuel-dedicated burners) that inject only ammonia (nitrogen-containing fuel) into the furnace 1 as fuel, and are the second burners in the present invention. Corresponds to the burner of.

なお、図示しないが、火炉1には複数のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34から噴射された燃料(アンモニアあるいは微粉炭)を着火させる着火装置が設けられている。各バーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34から火炉1内に噴射された燃料(アンモニアあるいは微粉炭)は、上記着火装置の働きによって着火して燃焼する。 Although not shown, the furnace 1 is provided with an ignition device for igniting fuel (ammonia or pulverized coal) injected from a plurality of burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34. The fuel (ammonia or pulverized coal) injected into the furnace 1 from the burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34 is ignited and burned by the action of the ignition device.

微粉炭供給装置3は、上述した20個のバーナM11〜M24、N11〜N34(微粉炭専用バーナ)に微粉炭を供給する燃料供給装置である。この微粉炭供給装置3は、20個のバーナM11〜M24、N11〜N34のうち各段毎に石炭ミルを備えており、当該石炭ミルを介して20個のバーナM11〜M24、N11〜N34に微粉炭を供給する。すなわち、この微粉炭供給装置3は、合計5個の石炭ミルを備えており、各石炭ミルによって石炭を粉砕して微粉炭を生成する。 The pulverized coal supply device 3 is a fuel supply device that supplies pulverized coal to the above-mentioned 20 burners M11 to M24 and N11 to N34 (burners dedicated to pulverized coal). The pulverized coal supply device 3 is provided with a coal mill for each stage of the 20 burners M11 to M24 and N11 to N34, and the 20 burners M11 to M24 and N11 to N34 are supplied via the coal mill. Supply pulverized coal. That is, the pulverized coal supply device 3 includes a total of five coal mills, and each coal mill crushes coal to produce pulverized coal.

このような5個の石炭ミルのうち、第1の石炭ミルは1つの段を構成する4個のバーナM11〜M14に微粉炭を供給し、第2の石炭ミルは同じく1つの段を構成する4個のバーナM21〜M24に微粉炭を供給し、第3の石炭ミルは同じく1つの段を構成する4個のバーナN11〜N14に微粉炭を供給し、第4の石炭ミルは同じく1つの段を構成する4個のバーナN21〜N24に微粉炭を供給し、第5の石炭ミルは同じく1つの段を構成する4個のバーナN31〜N34に微粉炭を供給する。 Of these five coal mills, the first coal mill supplies pulverized coal to the four burners M11 to M14 that form one stage, and the second coal mill also constitutes one stage. The four burners M21 to M24 are supplied with pulverized coal, the third coal mill supplies pulverized coal to the four burners N11 to N14 that also form one stage, and the fourth coal mill is also one. The pulverized coal is supplied to the four burners N21 to N24 constituting the stage, and the fifth coal mill supplies the pulverized coal to the four burners N31 to N34 also forming one stage.

アンモニア供給装置4は、上述した4個のバーナM31〜M34(アンモニア炭専用バーナ)にアンモニアを供給する燃料供給装置である。なお、アンモニアは、分子式(NH3)によって示されるように水素(H)と窒素(N)との化合物であり、構成原子として炭素(C)を含まない。また、このアンモニアは、難燃性の物質として知られるものの、メタン(CH)と同様に3つの水素原子を有する水素キャリア物質であり、所定の高温環境下では比較的良好に燃焼する窒素含有燃料である。 The ammonia supply device 4 is a fuel supply device that supplies ammonia to the above-mentioned four burners M31 to M34 (ammonia charcoal dedicated burners). Ammonia is a compound of hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) as shown by the molecular formula (NH3), and does not contain carbon (C) as a constituent atom. Although this ammonia is known as a flame-retardant substance, it is a hydrogen carrier substance having three hydrogen atoms like methane (CH 3 ), and contains nitrogen that burns relatively well in a predetermined high temperature environment. It is a fuel.

続いて、本第1実施形態に係る燃焼炉A及びボイラの動作について詳しく説明する。 この燃焼炉A及びボイラでは、20個のバーナM11〜M24、N11〜N34(微粉炭専用バーナ)に微粉炭供給装置3から微粉炭が供給され、4個のバーナM31〜M34(アンモニア炭専用バーナ)にアンモニア供給装置4からアンモニアが供給される。 Subsequently, the operations of the combustion furnace A and the boiler according to the first embodiment will be described in detail. In the combustion furnace A and the boiler, pulverized coal is supplied from the pulverized coal supply device 3 to 20 burners M11 to M24 and N11 to N34 (burners dedicated to pulverized coal), and four burners M31 to M34 (burners dedicated to ammonia coal) are supplied. ) Is supplied with ammonia from the ammonia supply device 4.

そして、20個のバーナM11〜M24、N11〜N34(微粉炭専用バーナ)から火炉1内に微粉炭が噴射されて燃焼すると共に、4個のバーナM31〜M34(アンモニア炭専用バーナ)から火炉1内にアンモニアが噴射されて燃焼する。この結果、火炉1内には、図1及び図2に示すように、微粉炭が燃焼することによって微粉炭火炎Saが形成され、またアンモニアが燃焼することによってアンモニア火炎Sbが形成される。 Then, pulverized coal is injected into the furnace 1 from 20 burners M11 to M24 and N11 to N34 (burners dedicated to pulverized coal) and burned, and the four burners M31 to M34 (burners dedicated to ammonia charcoal) are used to burn the furnace 1. Ammonia is injected inside and burns. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pulverized coal flame Sa is formed by burning pulverized coal, and an ammonia flame Sb is formed by burning ammonia in the furnace 1.

ここで、火炉1内における空気雰囲気は、理論空気量よりも低い状態に維持される。すなわち、各バーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34は、火炉1内に微粉炭あるいはアンモニアを噴射するが、同時に一定量の燃焼用空気を火炉1内に供給する。この燃焼用空気の供給量は、火炉1内において微粉炭火炎Sa及びアンモニア火炎Sbを包含する空間の空気量が理論空気量よりも低くなるように設定される。図1及び図2では、火炉1内において空気量が理論空気量よりも低い領域を空気不足領域Skとしている。 Here, the air atmosphere in the furnace 1 is maintained in a state lower than the theoretical amount of air. That is, each of the burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34 inject pulverized coal or ammonia into the furnace 1, but at the same time supply a certain amount of combustion air into the furnace 1. The amount of combustion air supplied is set so that the amount of air in the space including the pulverized coal flame Sa and the ammonia flame Sb in the furnace 1 is lower than the theoretical amount of air. In FIGS. 1 and 2, a region in which the amount of air in the furnace 1 is lower than the theoretical amount of air is defined as an air shortage region Sk.

火炉1内では、微粉炭及びアンモニアが燃焼することによって燃焼熱を伴った燃焼ガスが発生する。そして、この燃焼ガスが火炉1内を上昇して熱交換機器2に作用することにより、燃焼ガスの燃焼熱によって水が気化して水蒸気が発生する。ボイラは、このようにして発生させた水蒸気を発電機等の外部機器に供給する。なお、熱交換機器2と熱交換された後の燃焼ガスは、火炉1から煙道を経由して外気に放出される。 In the furnace 1, combustion gas with combustion heat is generated by combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia. Then, the combustion gas rises in the furnace 1 and acts on the heat exchange device 2, so that the water is vaporized by the combustion heat of the combustion gas and water vapor is generated. The boiler supplies the steam generated in this way to an external device such as a generator. The combustion gas after heat exchange with the heat exchange device 2 is released from the furnace 1 to the outside air via the flue.

ここで、本第1実施形態に係る燃焼炉A及びボイラでは、上述した空気不足領域Sk内で微粉炭及びアンモニアが燃焼するので、アンモニア(NH)の熱分解によって発生するアンモニア原子(N)は、空気中の酸素(O)の熱分解によって発生する酸素原子(O)と結合して一酸化窒素(NO)になることが抑制され、他のアンモニア原子(N)と結合してアンモニア分子(N)となる。 Here, in the combustion furnace A and the boiler according to the first embodiment, since the pulverized coal and ammonia are burned in the above-mentioned air shortage region Sk, the ammonia atoms (N) generated by the thermal decomposition of ammonia (NH 3) are generated. Is suppressed from being combined with oxygen atoms (O) generated by thermal decomposition of oxygen (O 2 ) in the air to become nitrogen monoxide (NO), and is combined with other ammonia atoms (N) to produce ammonia. It becomes a molecule (N 2).

すなわち、空気不足領域Skでは、下式(1)の反応は抑制され、下式(2)の反応が活発になる。例えば、空気不足領域Skにおける空気量は、空気過剰率という指標で示した場合に0.8〜0.9程度である。
NH+5/4O→NO+3/2HO (1)
NH+3/4O→1/2N+3/2HO (2)
That is, in the air-deficient region Sk, the reaction of the following formula (1) is suppressed and the reaction of the following formula (2) becomes active. For example, the amount of air in the air shortage region Sk is about 0.8 to 0.9 when indicated by an index of excess air rate.
NH 3 + 5 / 4O 2 → NO + 3 / 2H 2 O (1)
NH 3 + 3/4O 2 → 1 / 2N 2 + 3 / 2H 2 O (2)

このような第1実施形態によれば、空気量が理論空気量よりも低い空気不足領域Sk内で微粉炭(炭素燃料)及びアンモニア(窒素含有燃料)を燃焼させるので、微粉炭(炭素燃料)及びアンモニア(窒素含有燃料)を一緒に燃焼させる場合における一酸化窒素(NO)等の窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加を抑制することが可能である。 According to such a first embodiment, pulverized coal (carbon fuel) and ammonia (nitrogen-containing fuel) are burned in the air shortage region Sk where the amount of air is lower than the theoretical amount of air, so that pulverized coal (carbon fuel) It is also possible to suppress an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) such as nitrogen monoxide (NO) when combustion of ammonia (nitrogen-containing fuel) together.

〔第2実施形態〕
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係る燃焼炉B及び当該燃焼炉Bを備えるボイラについて、図3を参照して説明する。なお、図3では、上述した図1及び図2に示した構成要素と同一の構成要素には同一符号を付している。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the combustion furnace B according to the second embodiment of the present invention and the boiler including the combustion furnace B will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above are designated by the same reference numerals.

この燃焼炉Bは、上述した燃焼炉Aと同一の構成要素を備えているが、微粉炭(炭素燃料)とアンモニア(窒素含有燃料)とが予混合された混合燃料を複数(24個)のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34から火炉1内に噴射する。すなわち、この燃焼炉Bにおける微粉炭供給装置3及びアンモニア供給装置4は、微粉炭(炭素燃料)とアンモニア(窒素含有燃料)とを混合した混合燃料を全てのバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34に供給する。 This combustion furnace B has the same components as the above-mentioned combustion furnace A, but has a plurality (24 pieces) of mixed fuels in which pulverized coal (carbon fuel) and ammonia (nitrogen-containing fuel) are premixed. The burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34 inject into the furnace 1. That is, in the pulverized coal supply device 3 and the ammonia supply device 4 in the combustion furnace B, the mixed fuel in which the pulverized coal (carbon fuel) and the ammonia (nitrogen-containing fuel) are mixed is applied to all the burners M11 to M34 and N11 to N34. Supply.

このような第2実施形態によれば、混合燃料が燃焼することによって混合火炎Scが火炉1内に形成される。この混合火炎Scは、上述した燃焼炉Aと同様に空気不足領域Sk内に形成されるので、上式(1)の反応は抑制され、上式(2)の反応が活発になる。したがって、この第2実施形態によれば、第1実施形態と同様に、一酸化窒素(NO)等の窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加を抑制することが可能である。 According to such a second embodiment, the mixed flame Sc is formed in the furnace 1 by burning the mixed fuel. Since this mixed flame Sc is formed in the air shortage region Sk like the above-mentioned combustion furnace A, the reaction of the above formula (1) is suppressed and the reaction of the above formula (2) becomes active. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to suppress an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) such as nitric oxide (NO) as in the first embodiment.

〔第3実施形態〕
最後に、本発明の第3実施形態に係る燃焼炉C及び当該燃焼炉Cを備えるボイラについて、図4及び図5を参照して説明する。なお、図3では、上述した図1及び図2に示した構成要素と同一の構成要素には同一符号を付している。
[Third Embodiment]
Finally, the combustion furnace C according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the boiler including the combustion furnace C will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 3, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above are designated by the same reference numerals.

この燃焼炉Cにおける複数(24個)のバーナP11〜P34、Q11〜Q34は、個別に受け入れた微粉炭とアンモニアとを火炉1内に個別に噴射する複合バーナである。すなわち、この燃焼炉Cにおける微粉炭供給装置3は、全てのバーナP11〜P34、Q11〜Q34に微粉炭を供給し、アンモニア供給装置4は、全てのバーナP11〜P34、Q11〜Q34にアンモニアを供給する。 The plurality of (24) burners P11 to P34 and Q11 to Q34 in the combustion furnace C are composite burners that individually inject the individually received pulverized coal and ammonia into the furnace 1. That is, the pulverized coal supply device 3 in the combustion furnace C supplies pulverized coal to all the burners P11 to P34 and Q11 to Q34, and the ammonia supply device 4 supplies ammonia to all the burners P11 to P34 and Q11 to Q34. Supply.

このような燃焼炉Cでは、火炉1内において微粉炭とアンモニアとが個別にあるいは混合して燃焼することによって複合火炎Sdが形成される。この複合火炎Sdは、上述した燃焼炉A,Bと同様に空気不足領域Sk内に形成されるので、上式(1)の反応は抑制され、上式(2)の反応が活発になる。したがって、この第3実施形態によれば、第1実施形態及び第2実施形態と同様に、一酸化窒素(NO)等の窒素酸化物(NOx)の増加を抑制することが可能である。 In such a combustion furnace C, the composite flame Sd is formed by burning the pulverized coal and ammonia individually or in combination in the furnace 1. Since this composite flame Sd is formed in the air shortage region Sk like the above-mentioned combustion furnaces A and B, the reaction of the above formula (1) is suppressed and the reaction of the above formula (2) becomes active. Therefore, according to the third embodiment, it is possible to suppress an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) such as nitric oxide (NO) as in the first and second embodiments.

ここで、第3実施形態における各バーナP11〜P34、Q11〜Q34(複合バーナ)として、図5に示す構造のものが例示できる。例えば、図5(a)に示す複合バーナRaは、全体として略円筒状に形成されており、軸中心に同心円状に設けられた二重筒r1から微粉炭を噴射し、この二重筒r1の外側に軸中心周りに60°毎の角度で6個設けられた単筒r2からアンモニアを噴射する。すなわち、この複合バーナRaは、軸中心に比較的近い内側から微粉炭を噴射し、軸心から比較的遠い外側からアンモニアを噴射する。 Here, as the burners P11 to P34 and Q11 to Q34 (composite burners) in the third embodiment, those having the structure shown in FIG. 5 can be exemplified. For example, the composite burner Ra shown in FIG. 5A is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, and pulverized coal is injected from a double cylinder r1 provided concentrically at the center of the shaft, and the double cylinder r1 is injected. Ammonia is injected from six single cylinders r2 provided on the outside of the cylinder at an angle of 60 ° around the center of the axis. That is, this composite burner Ra injects pulverized coal from the inside relatively close to the center of the shaft, and injects ammonia from the outside relatively far from the center of the shaft.

一方、図5(b)に示す複合バーナRbは、全体として略円筒状に形成されており、上記二重筒r1に代えて、単筒r2よりも軸心から遠い二重筒r3を備え、この二重筒r3から微粉炭を噴射する。すなわち、この複合バーナRbは、軸中心に比較的近い内側からアンモニアを噴射し、軸心から比較的遠い外側から微粉炭を噴射する。 On the other hand, the composite burner Rb shown in FIG. 5B is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, and is provided with a double cylinder r3 farther from the axis than the single cylinder r2 in place of the double cylinder r1. Fine pulverized coal is injected from this double cylinder r3. That is, this composite burner Rb injects ammonia from the inside relatively close to the center of the shaft and pulverized coal from the outside relatively far from the center of the shaft.

一方、図5(c)に示す複合バーナRcは、全体として略円筒状に形成されており、軸心を含む単筒r4からアンモニアを噴射し、この単筒r4の外側に同心状に設けられた二重筒r5から微粉炭を噴射する。すなわち、この複合バーナRcは、軸中心に比較的近い内側から軸心からアンモニアを噴射し、比較的遠い外側から微粉炭を噴射する。なお、この複合バーナRcにおける単筒r4の先端は、単純な開口ではなく、複数の噴射孔が形成された円板を備える。 On the other hand, the composite burner Rc shown in FIG. 5C is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, and ammonia is injected from the single cylinder r4 including the axis, and the composite burner Rc is provided concentrically on the outside of the single cylinder r4. The pulverized coal is injected from the double cylinder r5. That is, this composite burner Rc injects ammonia from the inside of the shaft center relatively close to the center of the shaft and pulverized coal from the outside relatively far from the shaft center. The tip of the single cylinder r4 in this composite burner Rc is not a simple opening but includes a disk in which a plurality of injection holes are formed.

なお、本発明は上記各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、例えば以下のような変形例が考えられる。
(1)上記各実施形態では、炭素燃料の一種である微粉炭を燃料として採用し、また窒素含有燃料の一種であるアンモニアを燃料として採用したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。微粉炭以外の低炭素燃料を採用してもよいし、アンモニア以外の窒素含有燃料を採用してもよい。例えば、炭素燃料として天然ガスを採用してもよい。
The present invention is not limited to each of the above embodiments, and for example, the following modifications can be considered.
(1) In each of the above embodiments, pulverized coal, which is a kind of carbon fuel, is adopted as a fuel, and ammonia, which is a kind of nitrogen-containing fuel, is adopted as a fuel, but the present invention is not limited thereto. A low-carbon fuel other than pulverized coal may be adopted, or a nitrogen-containing fuel other than ammonia may be adopted. For example, natural gas may be adopted as the carbon fuel.

(2)上記各実施形態では、ボイラの燃焼炉A〜Cに本発明を適用した場合について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。本発明は、1あるいは複数のバーナを備える燃焼炉であれば、ボイラ以外にも適用可能である。 (2) In each of the above embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to the combustion furnaces A to C of the boiler has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The present invention is applicable to other than boilers as long as it is a combustion furnace provided with one or more burners.

(3)上記各実施形態では、火炉1の下部において合計24個のバーナM11〜M34、N11〜N34、P11〜P34、Q11〜Q34を設けたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。本発明における複数のバーナの個数は24個以外でもよく、また配置は直交配置でなくてもよい。例えば各バーナを同心円状に設けてもよい。 (3) In each of the above embodiments, a total of 24 burners M11 to M34, N11 to N34, P11 to P34, and Q11 to Q34 are provided in the lower part of the furnace 1, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The number of the plurality of burners in the present invention may be other than 24, and the arrangement does not have to be orthogonal. For example, each burner may be provided concentrically.

(4)上記第3実施形態では、複合バーナの構成を例示したが、本発明における複合バーナはこれに限定されない。 (4) In the third embodiment, the configuration of the composite burner is illustrated, but the composite burner in the present invention is not limited to this.

A、B、C 燃焼炉
M11〜M34、N11〜N34 バーナ(専用バーナ)
P11〜P34、Q11〜Q34 バーナ(複合バーナ)
Sa 微粉炭火炎
Sb アンモニア火炎
Sc 混合火炎
Sd 複合火炎
1 火炉
2 熱交換機器
3 微粉炭供給装置
4 アンモニア供給装置
A, B, C Combustion furnaces M11 to M34, N11 to N34 burners (dedicated burners)
P11-P34, Q11-Q34 burners (composite burners)
Sa pulverized coal flame Sb ammonia flame Sc mixed flame Sd compound flame 1 furnace 2 heat exchange equipment 3 pulverized coal supply device 4 ammonia supply device

Claims (5)

理論空気量よりも低い空気雰囲気に設定される火炉と、
炭素燃料と窒素含有燃料とを前記火炉に噴射して燃焼させる複数の複合バーナとを備え、
前記複合バーナは、軸中心に同心円状に設けられた二重筒から前記炭素燃料を噴射し、前記二重筒の外側に軸中心周りに所定角度で複数設けられた単筒から前記窒素含有燃料を噴射することを特徴とする燃焼炉。
A furnace set to an air atmosphere lower than the theoretical amount of air,
It is equipped with a plurality of composite burners that inject carbon fuel and nitrogen-containing fuel into the furnace and burn them.
The composite burner injects the carbon fuel from a double cylinder provided concentrically at the center of the shaft, and the nitrogen-containing fuel is injected from a plurality of single cylinders provided outside the double cylinder at a predetermined angle around the center of the shaft. Combustion furnace characterized by injecting.
理論空気量よりも低い空気雰囲気に設定される火炉と、
炭素燃料と窒素含有燃料とを前記火炉に噴射して燃焼させる複数の複合バーナとを備え、
前記複合バーナは、軸中心周りに所定角度で複数設けられた単筒から前記窒素含有燃料を噴射し、前記単筒よりも軸中心から遠く同心円状に設けられた二重筒から前記炭素燃料を噴射することを特徴とする燃焼炉。
A furnace set to an air atmosphere lower than the theoretical amount of air,
It is equipped with a plurality of composite burners that inject carbon fuel and nitrogen-containing fuel into the furnace and burn them.
The composite burner injects the nitrogen-containing fuel from a plurality of single cylinders provided at a predetermined angle around the center of the shaft, and injects the carbon fuel from a double cylinder provided concentrically farther from the center of the shaft than the single cylinder. A combustion furnace characterized by injecting.
前記複合バーナは、予混合された前記炭素燃料及び前記窒素含有燃料を噴射することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の燃焼炉。 The combustion furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite burner injects the premixed carbon fuel and the nitrogen-containing fuel. 前記炭素燃料は微粉炭であり、前記窒素含有燃料はアンモニアであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼炉。 The combustion furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the carbon fuel is pulverized coal and the nitrogen-containing fuel is ammonia. 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼炉を備えることを特徴とするボイラ。
A boiler comprising the combustion furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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