JP2021154423A - Tool, tool holder, machining machine and working method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tool, a tool holder, a machining machine and a working method which enable heat generation of the tool and of a worked portion to be effectively suppressed, and enable chips to be removed from the worked portion.SOLUTION: A tool according to one embodiment of the present invention, is attached to a machining machine and rotates to machine a workpiece, comprises: a blade portion which is formed at one end portion side and cuts the workpiece; a shank portion; a gripping portion which is formed at the other end portion side and is gripped by the tool holder of the machining machine; and a hole portion penetrating through a center in a radial direction, wherein the gripping portion has a hole or a notch communicating with the hole portion. A tool holder according to the other embodiment of the present invention comprises a cylindrical body portion and is held by the machining machine, and has, on one end face side of the body portion, a hole portion for holding the tool, wherein at least one side hole communicating with the hole portion is formed on a side surface of the body portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to tools, tool holders, cutting machines and machining methods.

Cutting with a tool mounted on the rotating shaft of a machine tool is widely used mainly for surface processing and drilling of metal. In such cutting, heat is generated because the rotating tool comes into contact with the workpiece, and this heat may cause problems such as damage to the tool blade and thermal deformation of the workpiece in the workpiece.

In addition, in cutting, chips generated by cutting are caught between the tool blade and the workpiece, so-called "biting" causes damage to the tool blade and scratches (scratch marks) on the machined part. , Processing accuracy may be lowered.

A tool holder that suppresses heat generated by cutting has been proposed (International Publication No. 2012/101929). The tool holder includes a cover having a spout that injects coolant toward the tool, and a bearing that prevents the cover from rotating together with the tool holder. Therefore, in machining by a machine tool having the tool holder, it is said that the coolant can be accurately supplied to the machined portion and the coolant can be suppressed from being affected by the centrifugal force.

According to the tool holder, if the tool is an end mill or the like and the machined portion is parallel to the rotation center axis of the tool, cooling by the coolant and chips can be discharged from the machined portion together with the coolant. However, when the machined part is machined on a surface perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the tool, especially when drilling or female threading, the coolant is supplied to the machined part and chips are discharged together with the coolant. May not be enough.

International Publication No. 2012/101929

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a tool, a tool holder, a cutting machine, and a cutting method capable of effectively suppressing heat generation of a tool and a machined portion and removing chips from the machined portion. The challenge is to provide.

One aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a tool that is mounted on a cutting machine and cuts a work piece by rotating, and is formed on one end side of the work piece. It has a blade portion for cutting a workpiece, a shank portion, a grip portion formed on the other end side and held by the tool holder of the cutting machine, and a hole portion penetrating the center in the radial direction. However, the grip portion has a hole or a notch that communicates with the hole portion.

Another aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a tool holder having a tubular body portion and being held by a cutting machine, and a tool is placed on one end surface side of the body portion. It has a hole to be gripped, and at least one side hole communicating with the hole is formed on the side surface of the body.

Another aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a cutting machine provided with the above-mentioned tool and the above-mentioned tool holder.

Yet another aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a method of cutting a work piece by rotating a tool, in which the tool is mounted on a cutting machine having the tool holder. The step of sending compressed air to the hole of the tool through the tool holder, the step of supplying coolant to the side hole of the tool holder, and the compressed air and the coolant in the hole of the tool holder. A step of mixing the above tools to generate mist, and a step of rotating the tool and ejecting the mist from the tip of the tool.

The tool, tool holder, cutting machine and cutting method according to the present invention can effectively suppress heat generation of the tool and the machined portion and can remove chips from the machined portion.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a cutting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a tool holder according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a tool according to still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the tool of FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the tool of FIG. 3 is attached to the tool holder of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In the following description, the "tip side" means a side close to the processed portion of the workpiece, and the "base end side" is separated from the processed portion of the workpiece on the opposite side. Means the side.

[Cutting machine]
As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting machine 1 according to one aspect of the present invention includes a tool 2 having a blade portion for processing an workpiece on the tip side, and a tool holder 3 for gripping the base end side of the tool 2. Mainly has a spindle 4 for mounting the tool holder 4. The spindle 4 is rotated by a drive unit (not shown), and the tool holder 3 and the tool 2 rotate with the rotation of the spindle 4 to cut the workpiece.

Further, the spindle 4 has an air flow path 41 that supplies compressed air to the hole 24 of the tool 2 described later. The compressed air is supplied to the air flow path 41 from a compressor (not shown) or the like built in the cutting machine 1 or arranged outside the cutting machine 1. In order to efficiently supply the compressed air to the hole 24 of the tool 2, the spindle 4 preferably has a nozzle N at the outlet of the compressed air in the air flow path 41. The compressed air is discharged from the air flow path 41 and mixed with the coolant C supplied to the tool holder 3 described later to become a mist. This mist cools the tool 2 while passing through the hole 24 of the tool 2. Further, the mist is ejected from the tip of the tool 2 to remove chips from the processed portion. Further, the mist discharges chips that stay in the chip discharge groove 29 spirally formed in the tool 2 in the drilling process and the female thread processing. The coolant means cutting oil, coolant, etc., which are used for cooling and lubricating the processed portion in processing.

The cutting machine 1 has a member for supplying the coolant C to the tool holder 3. Specifically, it is preferable that the cutting machine 1 has a tank 5 for storing the coolant C. The tank 5 is preferably provided on the outer periphery of the spindle 4 so as to be rotatable together with the spindle 4. In other words, it is preferable that the tank 5 rotates together with the tool 2 and the tool holder 3. By providing the tank 5 on the outer circumference of the spindle 4, a simple configuration can be obtained and attachment to existing equipment can be facilitated.

The cutting machine 1 preferably includes, together with the tank 5, a coolant flow path 6 for supplying the coolant C in the tank 5 to the tool holder 3. Specifically, the coolant flow path 6 has a tank side joint 61, a tool holder side joint 62, and a hose 63 that communicates the tank side joint 61 and the tool holder side joint 62. It is more preferable that the coolant flow path 6 has a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a control valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of the coolant C.

[Tool holder]
As shown in FIG. 2, the tool holder 3 has a cylindrical body portion, a hole portion 31 for gripping a tool on one end surface side of the body portion, and the other end side is held by the spindle 4. The tool holder 3 is formed with at least one side hole 32 communicating with the hole 31 on the side surface of the body. Specifically, the side hole 32 is formed on the side surface of the body portion as a through hole that is perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the tool holder 3 and communicates with the outside and the inside of the hole portion 31 of the tool holder 3. The tool holder side joint 62 is arranged in this side hole, and the coolant C is supplied to the hole portion 31. The tool holder 3 is an aspect of the present invention.

It is preferable that the tool holder 3 has a side hole formed in the body portion as an outside air suction hole 33. Since the tool holder 3 has the outside air suction hole 33, a mist having a desired density can be easily formed. Further, by forming the outside air suction hole 33 and increasing the supply amount of the coolant C, the amount of mist ejected from the tool 2 can be increased. The diameter of the outside air suction hole 33 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the pressure of the compressed air, the flow rate, the supply amount of the coolant C, and the like.

〔tool〕
The tool 2 is mounted on the cutting machine 1 and rotates to cut the workpiece. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the tool 2 is mounted on the tool holder 3 on the base end side and cuts the workpiece by the blade portion 21 formed on the side surface on the tip end side. , For example, taps, drills, end mills, etc. The tool 2 has a blade portion 21, a shank portion 22 which is a body portion, a grip portion 23 formed on the base end side and gripped by the tool holder 3, and a hole portion 24 penetrating the center in the radial direction. Tool 2 is an aspect of the present invention.

The hole 24 preferably has a tip-side tapered portion 25 whose diameter gradually increases toward the tip-end side. By doing so, the mist ejected from the tip can be effectively boosted, and the mist can be sprayed over a wide range with a relatively high pressure.

The hole portion 24 preferably has a proximal end side tapered portion 26 whose diameter gradually increases toward the proximal end side. By doing so, it is possible to avoid interference with the nozzle N arranged in the air flow path 41 of the spindle 4. The base end side tapered portion 26 is formed so that the entire circumference thereof does not contact the outer circumference of the nozzle N, but has a gap for the mist to pass through the entire circumference or a part thereof.

The grip portion 23 has a hole or notch that communicates with the hole portion 24. Specifically, a hole or a notch is formed on the side surface of the grip portion 23 so as to be perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the tool 2 and to communicate the inside of the hole portion 31 and the inside of the hole portion 24 of the tool holder 3. In this embodiment, the grip portion 23 has a notch 27. By doing so, the mist generated in the hole 31 of the tool holder 3 can be effectively flowed into the hole 24.

Further, it is preferable to form a recess 28 in the base end portion of the tool 2 for communicating the base end of the tool 2 with the hole or the notch 27. By doing so, the mist can flow into the hole 24 more effectively.

When the tool holder 3 has the outside air suction hole 33, as shown in FIG. 5, the tool 2 is preferably mounted on the tool holder 3 with the hole or notch 27 facing the outside air suction hole 33. By doing so, the mist can be easily made to a desired density, and the mist can be more effectively flowed into the hole 24.

[Cutting method]
Hereinafter, a cutting method which is another aspect of the present invention will be described. The cutting method is a method of cutting an object to be machined by rotating a tool 2, and includes a step of mounting the above-mentioned tool 2 on a cutting machine 1 having the above-mentioned tool holder 3, and a tool holder 3. The step of sending compressed air to the hole 24 of the tool 2 through the tool 2, the step of supplying the coolant C to the side hole 32 of the tool holder 3, and the step of mixing the compressed air and the coolant C in the hole 31 of the tool holder 3. A step of generating the mist and a step of rotating the tool 2 and ejecting the mist from the tip of the tool 2 are provided.

[Tool mounting process]
The tool mounting process is centered in the radial direction on a cutting machine 1 having a hole 31 for gripping the grip 23 of the tool 2 and a tool holder 3 having a side hole 32 communicating with the hole 31 on the side surface of the body. A tool 2 having a hole or a notch 27 communicating with the hole 24 is attached to the hole 24 penetrating the hole 24 and the grip 23 gripped by the tool holder 3.

[Compressed air supply process]
In the compressed air supply step, compressed air is sent to the hole 24 of the tool 2 via the tool holder 3. Specifically, a compressor or the like built in the cutting machine 1 or arranged outside the cutting machine 1 generates compressed air, and the compressed air is supplied to the air flow path 41 formed in the spindle 4. , The compressed air discharged from the air flow path 41 flows into the hole 24 on the base end side of the tool 2 gripped by the tool holder 3.

[Coolant supply process]
In the coolant supply step, the coolant C is supplied to the side holes 32 formed on the side surface of the cylindrical body of the tool holder 3. Specifically, the coolant C stored in the tank 5 of the cutting machine 1 is supplied into the hole 31 from the side hole 32 of the tool holder 3 through the coolant flow path 6.

[Mist generation process]
In the mist generation step, the compressed air and coolant C are mixed in the hole 31 of the tool holder 3 to generate mist. Specifically, due to the so-called ejector structure, the compressed air discharged from the air flow path 41 flows into the hole 24 of the tool 2, so that the inside of the hole 31 of the tool holder 3 becomes a negative pressure, and the coolant is here. When C is sucked, the mixture generated at low pressure by the compressed air and the coolant C is sucked into the hole 24 at high speed and pressurized to generate mist.

[Mist ejection process]
In the mist ejection process, the tool 2 is rotated and the mist is ejected from the tip of the tool 2. Specifically, cutting is performed by the rotation of the tool 2 while ejecting the mist boosted by the hole 24 from the tip of the tool 2.

[advantage]
In the cutting method, the mist generated by the compressed air and the coolant C flows through the hole 24 of the tool 2, so that the tool 2 can be effectively cooled. Further, since the mist is ejected from the tip of the tool 2 for cutting, the cutting can be performed while removing chips from the processed portion. Therefore, in machining on a surface whose machined portion is perpendicular to the center axis of rotation of the tool, especially in drilling and female threading, it is possible to prevent the machined part from becoming hot, and chips are formed between the tool 2 and the machined part. Can be suppressed from biting. Further, in the case of processing the bottomed hole, the mist removes the chips remaining in the chip discharge groove 29 of the tool 2, so that the biting can be suppressed more effectively. Therefore, the cutting method can extend the life of the tool 2 and can perform cutting efficiently and with high accuracy.

Further, since the cutting machine 1 uses the so-called ejector structure to generate and eject the mist, the cutting machine 1 can have a simple configuration without adding a member or the like for generating and ejecting the mist. Therefore, the cutting method can be adopted at low cost. Further, even if the existing equipment cannot supply coolant, if the equipment can supply compressed air to the hole 24 of the tool 2, the cutting machine can be partially machined. It can be set to 1, and the cutting method can be adopted in the existing equipment.

[Other Embodiments]
The above embodiment does not limit the configuration of the present invention. Therefore, in the above-described embodiment, the components of each part of the above-described embodiment can be omitted, replaced or added based on the description of the present specification and common general technical knowledge, and all of them are construed as belonging to the scope of the present invention. Should be.

In the above embodiment, the tank 5 for storing the coolant C is provided on the outer periphery of the spindle 4, but the tank may be provided on the outer periphery of the tool holder.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on Examples, but the present invention is not limitedly interpreted based on the description of this Example.

The following tests were conducted for the purpose of comparing the existing cutting method with the above-mentioned cutting method according to the present invention.

Machining: Female thread Machining Tool: Tap M33 Fine Tool Grade: Heiss Pilot hole inner diameter: 31 mm in diameter
Machining depth: Complete thread 53 mm Blind hole Machining machine: 5-sided machining machine

In the existing cutting method, as a comparative example, female threading was performed by a semi-dry method under the above conditions.

In the above-mentioned cutting method according to the present invention, as an example, in addition to the above conditions, the spindle of the processing machine is provided with a tank for storing coolant, and the tool holder is provided with a side hole for supplying coolant and an air suction hole. Was formed. In the above tool, the hole portion was expanded to form a hole portion having a diameter of 8 mm, and a notch was formed in the grip portion. The opening at the tip of the hole was a tapered portion on the tip side having a diameter of 11 mm and 45 °.

In the comparative example, in the processing at the 30th position, the machined portion was damaged and welding was observed on the blade portion of the tool. The test was restarted after exchanging the tool, and when the tool and the machined part replaced at the 200th place were confirmed, the test was stopped because damage to the tool and a decrease in accuracy at the machined part were confirmed.

In the examples, it was possible to machine up to the 1010th place without any problem, the state of the tool was in a state where it could be judged that the tool could be used continuously, and the machining accuracy of the machined portion was also good.

From the above results, it was confirmed that the tap, the tool holder, the cutting machine and the cutting method according to the present invention can extend the life of the tool and can cut efficiently and with high accuracy. In addition, it was confirmed that the tapping process can be automated according to the cutting method.

The tool, tool holder, cutting machine and processing method according to the present invention can be suitably used for cutting metal and the like.

1 Cutting machine 2 Tool 21 Blade part 22 Shank part 23 Grip part 24 Hole part 25 Tip side tapered part 26 Base end side tapered part 27 Notch 28 Recessed 29 Chip discharge groove 3 Tool holder 31 Hole 32 Side hole 33 Outside air Suction hole 4 Spindle 41 Air flow path 5 Tank 6 Coolant flow path 61 Tank side fitting 62 Tool holder side fitting 63 Hose C Coolant N Nozzle

Claims (6)

A tool that is mounted on a cutting machine and cuts a work piece by rotating.
A blade that is formed on one end side and cuts the work piece,
Shank part and
A grip portion formed on the other end side and gripped by the tool holder of the cutting machine, and a grip portion.
It has a hole that penetrates the center in the radial direction and has a hole.
A tool in which the grip portion has a hole or notch that communicates with the hole portion. A tool holder that has a cylindrical body and is held by a cutting machine.
A hole for gripping a tool is provided on one end surface side of the body portion.
A tool holder in which at least one side hole communicating with the hole is formed on the side surface of the body. The tool holder according to claim 2, further comprising a joint that is arranged in the side hole and supplies coolant into the hole. The tool according to claim 1 and
A cutting machine provided with the tool holder according to claim 2. The cutting machine according to claim 4, further comprising a tank that rotates together with the tool and the tool holder during cutting and stores coolant to be supplied into the hole of the tool holder. It is a method of cutting a work piece by rotating a tool.
The process of mounting the tool according to claim 1 on the cutting machine having the tool holder according to claim 2.
The process of sending compressed air to the hole of the tool via the tool holder, and
The process of supplying coolant to the side holes of the tool holder and
A process of mixing the compressed air and the coolant in the hole of the tool holder to generate mist, and
A processing method including a process of rotating the tool and ejecting the mist from the tip of the tool.

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