CN111715918B - Machining method for small-diameter deep hole of aviation shell - Google Patents
Machining method for small-diameter deep hole of aviation shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111715918B CN111715918B CN202010530467.2A CN202010530467A CN111715918B CN 111715918 B CN111715918 B CN 111715918B CN 202010530467 A CN202010530467 A CN 202010530467A CN 111715918 B CN111715918 B CN 111715918B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/02—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring deep holes; Trepanning, e.g. of gun or rifle barrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a small-diameter deep hole of an aviation shell, which comprises the following steps: s1, centering and aligning: selecting a gun drill as a processing tool, selecting a self-centering three-jaw chuck as a fastening workpiece, and aligning by taking the excircle of the workpiece as a reference; s2, machining a guide hole: using a gun drill to punch a guide hole with the depth being 3 times of the diameter of the gun drill on the surface to be processed of the workpiece; s3, deep hole machining: under the condition of not opening cooling liquid, a gun drill is driven into a guide hole at a low rotating speed to a depth which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill; then, accelerating the gun drill to a normal rotating speed, starting cooling liquid, and punching to the bottom of the hole after the gun drill is completely cooled and started; and then the workpiece is retreated to the depth of the guide hole, which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill, the speed is reduced to low rotation speed, the cooling liquid is turned off, and the workpiece is retreated to the safety plane, so that the machining of the small-diameter deep hole is completed. The machining method of the small-diameter deep hole of the aviation shell solves the technical problem that the small-diameter deep hole is difficult to machine in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a method for machining a small-diameter deep hole of an aviation shell.
Background
Holes having a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter of greater than 10 are typically drilled and are referred to as deep holes. In the mechanical technique, the machining of small diameter deep hole is always a great technical difficulty, and such techniques have been attracting attention. Several processing steps are required for the processing method of the ordinary hole. Generally, drilling, reaming and boring are carried out firstly, when the requirement on precision is high or the requirement on roughness is low, reaming and hole grinding are also required, and the required requirements can be met through the processing means. However, for a deep hole with a small diameter, the processing difficulty is large due to the deep hole depth, the small hole diameter and the large length-diameter ratio, and the requirements are difficult to achieve by using the processing means. Specifically, the processing difficulty of the small-diameter deep hole structure mainly includes two points: firstly, because the inner hole is a small deep hole structure, the tolerance of the inner diameter size is very small, and the cylindricity of the shape tolerance is generally below 0.01mm, the dimensional tolerance and the shape tolerance are difficult to ensure in processing; secondly, because the inner hole is a small deep hole structure, the requirement on the surface roughness level of the inner hole is high, and the surface roughness level is difficult to ensure in the processing under the condition of poor chip removal of the small-diameter deep hole structure.
Therefore, under the condition of the inner hole of the part, a method for solving the problem of small-diameter deep hole machining needs to be found under the existing machining condition so as to ensure the smooth machining of the part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for machining a small-diameter deep hole of an aviation shell, and solves the technical problem that the small-diameter deep hole is difficult to machine in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for processing a small-diameter deep hole of an aviation shell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, centering and aligning: selecting a gun drill as a processing tool, selecting a self-centering three-jaw chuck as a fastening workpiece, and aligning by taking the excircle of the workpiece as a reference to ensure that the radial runout and the axial runout of the gun drill and the radial runout of the workpiece are less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
s2, machining a guide hole: using a gun drill to punch a guide hole with the depth being 3 times of the diameter of the gun drill on the surface to be processed of the workpiece;
s3, deep hole machining: under the condition of not opening cooling liquid, a gun drill is driven into a guide hole at a low rotating speed to a depth which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill; then, accelerating the gun drill to a normal rotating speed, starting cooling liquid, and punching to the bottom of the hole after the gun drill is completely cooled and started; and then the workpiece is retreated to the depth of the guide hole, which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill, the speed is reduced to low rotation speed, the cooling liquid is turned off, and the workpiece is retreated to the safety plane, so that the machining of the small-diameter deep hole is completed.
In the present invention, the gun drill diameter refers to the diameter of the gun drill tip and the iron scrap discharge portion.
Furthermore, the aperture of the small-diameter deep hole is 3-4.5 mm, and the depth is 40 times of the aperture.
Further, in step S1, the drill rod of the gun drill is made of carbon steel treated with nitriding treatment, and the drill bit is made of hard alloy.
Further, in step S2, a drill having a diameter 0.01mm to 0.02mm larger than that of the gun drill is used to process the guide hole.
Further, in step S3, the low rotation speed is 100 to 200r/min, and the normal rotation speed is 2000 to 2500 r/min.
Further, in step S3, when the hole depth is greater than 40 times the diameter of the gun drill, the long gun drill and the short gun drill are connected and drilled to a depth of 70% by the short gun drill, and then the long gun drill is used to machine the hole bottom; if 70% of the hole depth is still larger than 40 times of the diameter, three gun drills are adopted for drilling.
Further, the method also comprises a step of finish machining the bottom and the wall of the hole, wherein a hard alloy reamer is adopted to finish the bottom of the hole, and an ultrasonic rolling device is adopted to finish the wall of the hole.
Further, the angle between the tool head of the ultrasonic rolling equipment and the wall of the deep hole is kept within the range of 75-88 degrees, and the amplitude of the amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic rolling equipment, which is close to the output end of the tool head, is 8-20 microns.
Furthermore, the working frequency of ultrasonic rolling is 25-28 KHz, the output power is 220-350W, and the feeding amount is 50-80 mm/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the processing method of the small-diameter deep hole of the aviation shell, the gun drill is used as a processing cutter, a drill rod of the gun drill is made of carbon steel subjected to nitriding treatment, a drill bit is made of hard alloy, the radial runout and the axial runout of the gun drill are guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.01mm, a self-centering three-jaw chuck is used as a fastening workpiece, the radial runout of the workpiece is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.01mm, the axial runout and the radial runout of the workpiece and the gun drill can be reduced in the processing process, the drill bit is prevented from drifting during processing, and therefore the concentricity and the consistency of deep hole processing are guaranteed; secondly, the gun drill is provided with a V-shaped cutting edge and a drill bit capable of being communicated with cutting fluid, the high-pressure cutting fluid is delivered into a cutting area through a small hole in the drill bit, cooling and lubricating are carried out, chip removal is facilitated, chips and the cutting fluid are discharged along a V-shaped groove of the drill bit, and therefore the problem that the chip removal of a small-diameter deep hole structure is poor is solved, and the surface precision of deep hole machining is improved.
2. According to the machining method of the small-diameter deep hole of the aviation shell, when the cutter is fed, the gun drill enters the guide hole at a certain depth at a low rotating speed under the condition that the cooling liquid is not opened, then the speed is increased to the normal rotating speed, and the cooling liquid is opened to carry out deep hole machining; when the cutter is withdrawn, the cutter is pushed to a certain depth in the guide hole, the speed is reduced, the cooling liquid is closed, and then the cutter is withdrawn to a safety plane, so that the condition that the gun drill is thrown off is avoided.
3. The method for machining the small-diameter deep aviation shell is suitable for machining various small-diameter deep holes or deep blind holes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a small-diameter deep hole machined by the machining method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a method for processing a titanium alloy deep hole with the depth of 160mm and the aperture of phi 3mm, which comprises the following steps:
s1, centering and aligning: a gun drill is selected as a processing tool, wherein a drill rod of the gun drill is made of carbon steel which is subjected to nitriding treatment, and a drill bit is made of hard alloy. And selecting a self-centering three-jaw chuck as a fastening workpiece, and aligning by taking the excircle of the workpiece as a reference to ensure that the radial runout and the axial runout of the gun drill and the radial runout of the workpiece are less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
S2, machining a guide hole: and (3) drilling a guide hole which is 3 times as deep as the diameter of the gun drill on the surface to be processed of the workpiece by using the gun drill, wherein a drill bit which is 0.01-0.02 mm larger than the diameter of the gun drill is selected, and the diameter of the processed guide hole is 0.02mm larger than the diameter of the drill bit.
S3, deep hole machining: under the condition of not opening the cooling liquid, the gun drill is driven into the guide hole at the rotating speed of 100r/mm to the depth corresponding to 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill; then, accelerating the gun drill to 2500r/mm, starting cooling liquid, pausing for 5s, after cooling is completely started, punching to the bottom of the hole, and reserving a 0.1mm fine machining allowance; and then the gun drill is retracted to the depth of the guide hole, which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill, the speed is reduced to a low rotating speed of 200r/min, the cooling liquid is turned off, and the gun drill is retracted into the safety plane. Wherein, the diameter of the deep hole is 0.02mm less than the diameter of the guide hole.
S4, fine machining of the hole bottom: and (3) finish machining the hole bottom by adopting a hard alloy reamer, wherein the hard alloy reamer is internally provided with small holes for conveying cooling liquid, and the hard alloy reamer is internally cooled and finish machined.
S4, fine machining of hole walls: and (3) finely machining the hole wall by adopting ultrasonic rolling equipment, keeping the angle between a tool head of the ultrasonic rolling equipment and the hole wall of the deep hole within the range of 80-85 degrees, and setting the amplitude of an amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic rolling equipment, which is close to the output end of the tool head, to be 10-15 micrometers. During processing, the working frequency of ultrasonic rolling is 28KHz, the output power is 260W, and the feed rate is 60 mm/min.
According to the method for processing the small-diameter deep hole, the gun drill is used as a processing cutter, wherein a drill rod of the gun drill is made of carbon steel subjected to nitriding treatment, and a drill bit is made of hard alloy, so that the radial runout and the axial runout of the gun drill are guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the self-centering three-jaw chuck is used for fastening the workpiece, so that the radial runout of the workpiece is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.01mm, the axial runout and the radial runout of the workpiece and a gun drill can be reduced as much as possible in the machining process, the drill is prevented from drifting during machining, and the concentricity and the consistency of deep hole machining are guaranteed; secondly, the gun drill is provided with a V-shaped cutting edge and a drill bit capable of being communicated with cutting fluid, high-pressure cutting fluid is delivered into a cutting area through a small hole in the drill bit to be cooled and lubricated and help chip removal, and chips and the cutting fluid are discharged along a V-shaped groove of the drill bit, so that the problem of poor chip removal of a small-diameter deep hole structure is solved, and the surface precision of deep hole machining is improved; finally, in the embodiment, after the gun drill is processed, the hard alloy reamer is adopted to finish the hole bottom, and the ultrasonic rolling equipment is adopted to finish the hole wall, so that the precision of the hole wall and the hole bottom of the deep hole is further improved, and the requirement of the roughness grade is met. Thereby finishing the processing of the small-diameter deep hole. The method can be widely used for processing metal parts, such as aviation shells.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A machining method for a small-diameter deep hole of an aviation shell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, centering and aligning: selecting a gun drill as a processing tool, selecting a self-centering three-jaw chuck as a fastening workpiece, and aligning by taking the excircle of the workpiece as a reference to ensure that the radial runout and the axial runout of the gun drill and the radial runout of the workpiece are less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the drill rod of the gun drill is made of carbon steel subjected to nitriding treatment, and the drill bit is made of hard alloy;
s2, machining a guide hole: drilling a guide hole with the depth being 3 times of the diameter of a gun drill on the surface to be processed of the workpiece by using a drill bit, wherein the diameter of the drill bit is 0.01mm to 0.02mm larger than the diameter of the gun drill;
s3, deep hole machining: under the condition of not opening cooling liquid, a gun drill is driven into a guide hole at a low rotating speed to a depth which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill; then, accelerating the gun drill to a normal rotating speed, starting cooling liquid, and punching to the bottom of the hole after the cooling liquid is completely started; then the workpiece is retreated to the depth of the guide hole, which is 2 times of the diameter of the gun drill, the speed is reduced to low rotation speed, the cooling liquid is turned off, and the workpiece is retreated to the safety plane, so that the machining of the small-diameter deep hole is completed; the low rotating speed is 100-200 r/min, and the normal rotating speed is 2000-2500 r/min;
s4, finish machining the hole bottom and the hole wall, namely, finish machining the hole bottom by a hard alloy reamer and finish machining the hole wall by ultrasonic rolling equipment; the angle between the tool head of the ultrasonic rolling equipment and the wall of the deep hole is kept within the range of 75-88 degrees, and the amplitude of the amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic rolling equipment, which is close to the output end of the tool head, is 8-20 mu m; the working frequency of ultrasonic rolling is 25-28 KHz, the output power is 220-350W, and the feeding amount is 50-80 mm/min.
2. The machining method of the small-diameter deep hole of the aviation shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the small-diameter deep hole is 3-4.5 mm, and the depth is 40 times the diameter of the hole.
3. The method for machining the small-diameter deep hole of the aviation shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the hole depth is greater than 40 times the diameter of the gun drill, the long gun drill and the short gun drill are connected and drilled, the short gun drill is used for drilling the hole to a depth of 70%, and then the long gun drill is used for machining the hole to the bottom; if 70% of the hole depth is still larger than 40 times of the diameter, three gun drills are adopted for drilling.
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| CN202010530467.2A CN111715918B (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Machining method for small-diameter deep hole of aviation shell |
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| CN111715918B true CN111715918B (en) | 2021-11-09 |
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| CN112895239A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 山东玲珑机电有限公司 | Micro-pore mold processing method and micro-pore mold |
| CN113333805A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-03 | 中国航发中传机械有限公司 | Variable-section multi-layer intermittent deep hole machining method |
| CN113878137B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-12-02 | 浙江辉旺机械科技股份有限公司 | Machining process of mold thin-wall ultra-deep micro hole |
| CN114654174A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-24 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Method for machining inner molded surface of hollow shaft part with large length-diameter ratio |
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