JP2016221670A - Processing method for hardly cuttable material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing method for a hardly cuttable material which enables the elongation of the lifetime of a hard metal drill.SOLUTION: A processing method for a hardly cuttable material comprises a cutting process for sending a hard metal drill DR while rotating to a workpiece IN (hardly cuttable material: e.g., Ni-based heat resistant alloy or titanium alloy) to process a cutting hole SH in the workpiece IN with cutting blades 22,23 of the hard metal drill DR and a liquid supply process for supplying a water-insoluble liquid OW to oil holes 26,27 of the hard metal drill DR during the processing of the cutting hole SH to be discharged out of a drill tip face 21a, and for jetting a water-soluble liquid SW to helix blade grooves 24,25 located in the workpiece IN around the cutting hole SH and outside the cutting hole SH.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing a difficult-to-cut material by machining a cutting hole in a difficult-to-cut material (Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) with a cemented carbide drill.

In general, Ni-based heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, and the like are known as difficult-to-cut materials, and are widely used in the aircraft field, the medical field, and the like.
The Ni-base heat resistant alloy is represented by, for example, Inconel (registered trademark) 718. Ni-base heat-resistant alloys are difficult-to-cut materials (heat-resistant alloys) because they have high strength at high temperatures, are susceptible to work hardening, and have poor thermal conductivity. The life of blade tools (drills, etc.) is shortened due to the characteristics of Ni-base heat-resistant alloys.
The titanium alloy is represented by, for example, Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium / α-β alloy). Titanium alloys have characteristics such as high strength at high temperatures and poor thermal conductivity, and are difficult-to-cut materials (heat resistant alloys). The life of blade tools (drills, etc.) is shortened due to the characteristics of titanium alloys.

As a technique for machining (cutting) a difficult-to-cut material (Ni-based heat-resistant alloy), Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for machining a cutting hole in Inconel (registered trademark) 718 with a drill. A drill coat | covers a front-end | tip blade part (main cutting edge) with a hard laminated film, and has a cutting oil supply hole. In the drill, the cutting oil supply hole opens on the flank of the main cutting edge.
In Patent Document 1, oil-based cutting oil is discharged from a cutting oil supply hole to process a cutting hole in Inconel (registered trademark) 718.

WO2012 / 105001 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-555620)

In Patent Document 1, although the cutting hole can be machined in the Inconel (Registered Trademark) 718 with the main cutting edge of the drill by discharging oil-based cutting oil from the cutting oil supply hole, During the processing, the temperature of Inconel (registered trademark) 718 and the drill rises to a high temperature, and the drill (blade tool) life is shortened.
In addition, since titanium alloys that are difficult to cut materials have characteristics such as high strength at high temperatures and poor thermal conductivity, cutting holes with a drill as in Inconel (Registered Trademark) 718, During this processing, the temperature of the titanium alloy and the drill rises to a high temperature, and the drill (blade tool) life is shortened.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing difficult-to-cut materials that can extend the life of a cemented carbide drill (blade tool).

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there are provided a plurality of cutting edges formed at the tip of the drill body, a plurality of twisted blade grooves formed between the cutting edges and extending in the axial direction of the drill body, A method of machining a difficult-to-cut material using a cemented carbide drill that includes a plurality of oil holes that are penetrated in the axial direction of the drill body and open to a tip end surface of the drill. A cutting process in which the cemented carbide drill is rotated and sent to the workpiece, and a cutting hole is machined in the workpiece with each of the cutting edges; A water-soluble liquid is supplied to each oil hole of the cemented carbide drill and discharged from the drill tip surface, and the water-soluble liquid is positioned outside the workpiece and the cutting hole around the cutting hole. A difficult-to-cut material comprising: a cutting fluid supply step for spraying the twisted blade groove A processing method.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the cutting fluid supply step, the water-insoluble liquid containing the water-soluble liquid is supplied to the oil holes and discharged from the drill tip surface. The difficult-to-cut material processing method according to claim 1, wherein the material is sprayed to the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole.
In claim 2 according to the present invention, in the cutting fluid supply step, the water-insoluble liquid contains a trace amount of the water-soluble liquid, and the water-insoluble liquid containing the trace amount of the water-soluble liquid is put in each oil hole. It is also possible to employ a configuration in which the water-soluble liquid is supplied and discharged from the tip end surface of the drill, and the water-soluble liquid is injected into the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole. In a water-insoluble liquid containing a small amount of water-soluble liquid, for example, “a small amount of water-soluble liquid” is 3 to 5% by weight, and “a water-insoluble liquid” is 95 to 97% by weight (provided that The total weight% of the water-soluble liquid and the water-insoluble liquid is 100% by weight).

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the water-insoluble liquid discharged from the drill tip surface, and the water-soluble liquid sprayed to the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole. A liquid recovery step for recovering a turbid liquid with the liquid, a liquid separation step for separating the turbid liquid into the water-insoluble liquid and the water-soluble liquid, and the separated water-insoluble liquid in each oil hole. A separation liquid supply step of supplying and discharging the separated water-soluble liquid from the drill tip surface to the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole; and 3. The difficult-to-cut material processing method according to claim 2, wherein the liquid recovery step, the liquid separation step, and the separation liquid supply step are repeatedly executed during the cutting process.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method for processing a difficult-to-cut material according to any one of the first to third aspects, the difficult-to-cut material is a Ni-based heat-resistant alloy or a titanium alloy.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the difficult-to-cut material processing method according to the fourth aspect, wherein the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy is Inconel (registered trademark) 718.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the difficult-to-cut material processing method according to the fourth aspect, wherein the titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-4A (64 titanium) of an α-β alloy.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the cutting process, the water-insoluble liquid is discharged from the drill tip surface and supplied to the cutting hole bottom and each cutting edge during the machining of the cutting hole. As a result, the water-insoluble liquid acts as a lubricating oil, suppresses the friction between the workpiece (hard-to-cut material: for example, Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and each cutting edge, and facilitates machining of the cutting hole. To do. In the cutting process, the water-insoluble liquid is discharged out of the cutting hole from between the twisting blade groove, the inner periphery of the cutting hole, and the twisting blade groove, and acts as a lubricating oil on the inner periphery of the twisting blade groove and the cutting hole. The cut chips are discharged out of the cutting hole from each twisted blade groove.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, in addition to the discharge of the water-insoluble liquid, the water-soluble liquid is applied to the workpiece around the cutting hole (difficult-to-cut material: Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and outside the cutting hole. By injecting into the torsion blade groove positioned, the cemented carbide drill can be cooled by the workpiece and the torsion blade groove, and the temperature rise of the workpiece and the cemented carbide drill can be suppressed. Thereby, it becomes possible to lengthen the lifetime of the cemented carbide drill.
Generally, when processing difficult-to-cut materials, it is said that water-insoluble liquid (oil-based cutting liquid) has better workability, but there is a problem of fire occurrence during unattended operation. According to the first aspect of the present invention, simultaneously with the processing with the water-insoluble liquid, the water-soluble liquid (water-soluble cutting liquid) is injected into the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole. By cooling the workpiece and the drill made of cemented carbide, it can be expected to prevent a fire from occurring. That is, since the water-soluble liquid is constantly sprayed onto the workpiece and the cemented carbide drill during the cutting of the workpiece, it is possible to extinguish the seed fire that is the source of the fire.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the cutting process, the water-insoluble liquid containing the water-soluble liquid (or the water-insoluble liquid containing a small amount of water-soluble liquid) is discharged from the drill tip surface during the machining of the cutting hole. Then, it is supplied to the cutting hole bottom and each cutting edge. As a result, the water-insoluble liquid acts as a lubricating oil, suppresses the friction between the workpiece (hard-to-cut material: for example, Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and each cutting edge, and facilitates machining of the cutting hole. To do. The water-soluble liquid (or a small amount of water-soluble liquid) contained in the water-insoluble liquid contacts the bottom of the cutting hole and each cutting edge, and in the cutting hole, the workpiece (difficult-to-cut material: for example, Ni-base heat resistant alloy) (Or titanium alloy) and cemented carbide drills are cooled.
The water-insoluble liquid is discharged out of the cutting hole from between the twisted blade groove and the inner periphery of the cutting hole. As a result, the water-insoluble liquid acts as a lubricating oil, and the water-soluble liquid (or a small amount of water-soluble liquid) contained in the water-insoluble liquid comes into contact with the inner periphery of the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove and cuts. In the hole, the workpiece (hard-to-cut material: Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and the cemented carbide drill are cooled.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the discharge of the water-insoluble liquid, the water-soluble liquid is sprayed onto the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole, so that the workpiece and Cemented carbide drills can be cooled with twisted blade grooves.
In this way, in claim 2, the workpiece and the cemented carbide drill are properly made by contacting and injecting the water-soluble liquid to the workpiece and the cemented carbide drill from inside and outside the machining hole. Since it can cool and the temperature rise of a to-be-processed object and a cemented carbide drill can be suppressed, it becomes possible to lengthen the lifetime of a cemented carbide drill.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, by mixing (containing) a water-soluble liquid (or a small amount of water-soluble liquid) into the water-insoluble liquid, the workpiece and the cemented carbide are used in the cutting process with the water-soluble liquid. The drill made can be cooled. Thereby, during the cutting of the workpiece, the flash point can be raised and the possibility of fire occurrence can be reduced.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the cutting process, the liquid recovery process, the liquid separation process, and the separation liquid supply process are repeatedly performed during the machining of the drill hole, so that each oil hole of the cemented carbide drill is insoluble in water. The water-insoluble liquid can be continuously discharged in the cutting hole by supplying the liquid. Moreover, water-soluble liquid can also be continuously injected to the to-be-processed body (difficult-to-cut material: Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole.
Further, in claim 3 according to the present invention, the water-soluble liquid and the water-insoluble liquid are separated by the difference in specific gravity in the liquid separation step, but it is not necessarily separated into a 100% pure water-insoluble liquid, The water-insoluble liquid contains a trace amount of water-soluble liquid. Thereby, the water-insoluble liquid containing a water-soluble liquid can be continuously discharged from a drill front end surface, and can be supplied to a cutting hole bottom and each cutting edge. Accordingly, the water-insoluble liquid continuously acts as a lubricating oil, suppresses friction between the workpiece (hard-to-cut material: for example, Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and each cutting edge, and cuts a cutting hole. make it easier. On the other hand, a trace amount of water-soluble liquid contained in the water-insoluble liquid continuously contacts the cutting hole bottom and each cutting edge, and in the cutting hole, the workpiece (hard-to-cut material: for example, Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or Titanium alloy) and cemented carbide drills are cooled.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, even if a drill hole is machined in a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or a titanium alloy with a cemented carbide drill, the life of the cemented carbide drill can be extended.

  According to claim 5 of the present invention, even if a drill hole is machined in Inconel (registered trademark) 718 with a cemented carbide drill, the lifetime of the cemented carbide drill can be extended.

  According to claim 6 of the present invention, even if a drill hole is machined in Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium) of α-β alloy with a cemented carbide drill, the life of the cemented carbide drill is extended. Is possible.

It is a schematic diagram which shows a difficult-to-cut material cutting system. It is a principal part expansion perspective view which shows a liquid supply holder, a cemented carbide drill (blade tool), a processing table, and a to-be-processed body. It is a figure which shows the drill (blade tool) made from cemented carbide, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a principal part enlarged view of Fig.3 (a), (c) is A- of Fig.3 (a). A arrow enlarged view, (d) is the BB arrow enlarged view of Fig.3 (a). It is an enlarged view which shows the drill made from a cemented carbide, and a liquid supply holder. Liquid supply holder, cemented carbide drill (blade tool), processing table and workpiece, water-insoluble liquid is discharged from the drill tip of the cemented carbide drill, and water-soluble from each liquid injection nozzle It is a principal part expansion perspective view which shows the state which injected the liquid. It is a cemented carbide drill, a to-be-processed body, and each liquid injection nozzle, Comprising: It is a principal part enlarged view which shows the state which contacted the to-be-processed body with the cutting edge (drill tip surface) of the cemented carbide alloy drill. It is a liquid supply holder, a cemented carbide drill (blade tool), a machining table, and a workpiece, and is an enlarged perspective view of a main part showing a state in which a cutting hole is machined in the workpiece with a cemented carbide drill. . It is a cemented carbide drill, a to-be-processed object, and each liquid injection nozzle, Comprising: It is a principal part enlarged view which shows the state which processed the cutting hole with the cutting blade of the cemented carbide drill.

A method of processing a difficult-to-cut material (heat-resistant alloy) according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
For convenience of explanation, first, a difficult-to-cut material cutting system used for a difficult-to-cut material processing method will be described.

<Difficult-to-cut material cutting system>
Hereinafter, the difficult-to-cut material cutting system will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

1 to 8, a difficult-to-cut material cutting system X (hereinafter referred to as “cutting system”) processes a workpiece IN of a difficult-to-cut material.
The difficult-to-cut material is made of, for example, a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or a titanium alloy. An example of the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy is Inconel (registered trademark) 718. The titanium alloy is, for example, an α-β alloy Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium: Japanese Industrial Standard “JIS 60 class”).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting system X includes a machining center MC, a liquid recovery tank 1, a liquid separation tank 2, a plurality of pipes 3 to 5, and a plurality of pumps 6 to 8.

  The machining center MC is a numerically controlled milling machine and processes the workpiece IN. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the machining center MC includes a spindle head CM, a spindle 11, a blade tool DR, a liquid supply holder HD, a plurality of liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14, a processing table 15, and the like.

  In the machining center MC, the spindle head CM is disposed so as to be movable in the vertical direction B (feed direction) as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 11 is rotatably arranged on the spindle head CM. The main shaft 11 is connected to the drive motor 12 and is rotated by the drive of the drive motor 12.

The blade tool DR is made of, for example, a cemented carbide drill (hereinafter referred to as “cemented carbide drill DR”). As the cemented carbide drill DR, for example, a twist drill is used.
As shown in FIG. 3, the cemented carbide drill DR includes a drill body 21, a plurality (a pair) of cutting edges 22, 23, a plurality (a pair) of twisted blade grooves 24, 25, and a plurality (a pair) of oil holes. 26, 27.

As shown in FIG. 3, the drill body 21 is formed in a columnar shape and includes a body 28 and a shank 29. The body 28 and the shank 29 are formed integrally with the same axis as the axis a of the drill body 21.
As shown in FIG. 3, the shank 29 has a liquid introduction groove 30 and a flat portion 31. The liquid introduction groove 30 is formed in the drill rear end surface 21b of the shank 29 (drill body 21). The liquid introduction groove 30 opens in the rear end face 21b. The liquid introduction groove 30 penetrates the shank 29 in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction A. The flat part 31 is formed so as to open to the outer periphery of the shank 29.

  Each cutting edge 22 and 23 is formed in the front-end | tip part 21A of the drill main body 21 (body 28). The cutting edges 22 and 23 are arranged symmetrically as shown in FIG.

  Each twisted blade groove 24, 25 is formed between each cutting blade 22, 23 in the body 28 of the drill body 21. Each twisted blade groove 24, 25 is formed with a twist angle with respect to the axial center line a of the drill body 21. Each twisted blade groove 24, 25 extends in the axial direction A of the drill body 21.

As shown in FIG. 3, the oil holes 26 and 27 are passed through the drill body 21 (the body 28 and the shank 29) in the axial direction A of the drill body 21. Each oil hole 26, 27 opens to the drill tip surface 21 a and communicates with the liquid introduction groove 30.
The oil holes 26 and 27 are formed with a twist angle through the drill body 21 in the axial direction A along the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25.

The liquid supply holder HD includes a holder main body 35, a housing 36, a liquid connection block 37, and a liquid supply flow path 38, as shown in FIGS.
The housing 36 is rotatably fitted to the holder main body 35 and is held by the holder main body 35. The housing 36 has a collet 39 and a screw hole 40. The collet 39 has a chuck mechanism (not shown) that holds the cemented carbide drill DR. The screw hole 40 is formed in the collet 39 and opens to the outer periphery of the collet 39.
The liquid connection block 37 is disposed in the housing 36 and connected to the pipe 16.
The liquid supply channel 38 is formed in the housing 36 and the liquid connection block 37. The liquid supply channel 38 is connected to the pipe 16 in the liquid connection block 37. The pipe 16 is connected to the pipe 5 as shown in FIG.
The liquid supply flow path 38 extends to the collet 39 in the housing 36.

In the liquid supply holder HD, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the holder main body 35 is externally fitted to the main shaft 11 with the axial center line aligned with the axial center line a of the main shaft 11. The holder body 35 is fixed to the spindle head CM. The housing 36 is connected to the main shaft 11 with the axis center line coincident with the axis center line a of the main shaft 11.
Thereby, the liquid supply holder HD (the holder main body 35 and the housing 36) is moved in the vertical direction B (feed direction) with the movement of the spindle head CM.
In the liquid supply holder HD, the housing 36 is rotated as the main shaft 11 rotates.

The liquid supply holder HD grips the cemented carbide drill DR as shown in FIGS.
The cemented carbide drill DR is mounted in the collet 39 with the axis a aligned with the axis of the main shaft 11 (housing 36). In the cemented carbide drill DR, the shank 29 is disposed in the collet 39, and the body 28 (each cutting edge 22, 23 and each twisting blade groove 24, 25) extends from the collet 39 toward the processing table 15. The cemented carbide drill DR is fixed to the collet 39 by a screw shaft 41. The screw shaft 41 is screwed into the screw hole 40 of the collet 39 and pressed against the flat portion 31 of the cemented carbide drill DR.
Thereby, the cemented carbide drill DR is fixed to the collet 39 (housing 36), and rotates with the rotation of the housing 36 (main shaft 11). The cemented carbide drill DR is moved in the vertical direction B (feed direction) with the movement of the spindle head CM.

  In the liquid supply holder HD, the liquid supply flow path 38 is connected to the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR.

As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, each liquid injection nozzle 13 and 14 is arrange | positioned at the drill DR made from a cemented carbide. Each liquid injection nozzle 13 and 14 is connected to nozzle tubes 13A and 14A. Each nozzle tube 13A, 14A is fixed to the spindle head CM.
Thereby, each liquid injection nozzle 13 and 14 is moved to the up-down direction B (feeding direction) with the movement of the spindle head CM.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the processing table 15 is disposed so as to face the drill tip surface 21 a of the cemented carbide drill DR. As shown in FIG. 2, the processing table 15 includes a vise (a vise) 45 that fixes the workpiece IN.

As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid separation tank 2 stores a water-soluble liquid SW and a water-insoluble liquid OW.
The liquid separation tank 2 separates into a water-soluble liquid SW and a water-insoluble liquid OW. In the liquid separation tank 2, the water-soluble liquid SW is separated into the lower layer, and the water-insoluble liquid OW is separated into the upper layer.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the pipe 4 is disposed in the liquid separation tank 2 and immersed in the separated water-soluble liquid SW. The pipe 4 is connected to the nozzle pipes 13A and 14A and communicates with the liquid jet nozzles 13 and 14 and the liquid separation tank 2 (lower-layer water-soluble liquid SW).

As shown in FIG. 1, the pipe 5 is disposed in the liquid separation tank 2 and is immersed in the separated water-insoluble liquid OW. The pipe 5 is connected to the pipe 16 and communicates with the liquid supply flow path 38 and the liquid separation tank 2 [upper water-insoluble liquid OW].
Thereby, the pipe 5 is communicated with the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR via the pipe 16 and the liquid supply flow path 38.

The pump 7 is arrange | positioned at the piping 4, as shown in FIG. The pump 7 is communicated with each of the liquid jet nozzles 13 and 14 and the liquid separation tank 2 (lower layer water-soluble liquid SW) via the pipe 4 and the nozzle pipes 13A and 14A.
The pump 7 sucks the water-soluble liquid SW from the liquid separation tank 2 and discharges the water-soluble liquid SW to the pipes 4 on the liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14 side.
Thereby, each liquid injection nozzle 13 and 14 injects the water-soluble liquid SW to the drill DR made of cemented carbide (respective twist blade grooves 24 and 25) and the workpiece IN.

The pump 8 is arrange | positioned at the piping 5, as shown in FIG. The pump 8 communicates with the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR and the liquid separation tank 2 [upper water-insoluble liquid OW] through the pipes 5 and 16 and the liquid supply flow path 38.
The pump 7 sucks the water-insoluble liquid OW from the liquid separation tank 2 and discharges the water-insoluble liquid OW to the pipes 5 on the oil holes 26 and 27 side.
Thus, the cemented carbide drill DR discharges the water-insoluble liquid OW from the drill tip surface 21a.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid recovery tank 1 is disposed below the processing table 15. The liquid recovery tank 1 recovers the jetted water-soluble liquid SW and the discharged water-insoluble liquid OW as the turbid liquid KW, and stores the turbid liquid KW. The water-soluble liquid SW is ejected from the liquid ejection nozzles 13 and 14, and the water-insoluble liquid OW is ejected from the drill tip surface 21a.

  The piping 3 is arrange | positioned in the liquid recovery tank 1 and the liquid separation tank 2, as shown in FIG. The pipe 3 communicates with the liquid recovery tank 1 and the liquid separation tank 2. The pipe 3 is disposed in the liquid separation tank 2 with an interval between the pipes 4 and 5.

The pump 6 is arrange | positioned at the piping 3, as shown in FIG. The pump 6 communicates with the liquid recovery tank 1 and the liquid separation tank 2 via the pipe 3.
The pump 6 sucks the turbid liquid KW in the liquid recovery tank 1 and discharges it to the pipe 3 on the liquid separation tank 2 side.

<Processing difficult-to-cut materials>
Next, a method for processing difficult-to-cut materials will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The difficult-to-cut material processing method executes a cutting process, a cutting fluid supply process, a liquid recovery process, a liquid separation process, and a separation liquid supply process.

In a difficult-to-cut material processing method, the water-soluble liquid SW is generally a water-soluble liquid of a water-soluble cutting agent, a water-soluble liquid containing a preservative, or the like.
However, the water-soluble liquid SW is preferably an alkaline liquid that is difficult to form an intermediate layer. Specific water-soluble liquids are mainly i) triethanolamine 0.1-2% water-soluble liquid, ii) triethanolamine 25-30% and medium chain fatty acids 8-15%, and water 40-60%. A water-soluble liquid obtained by diluting a water-soluble cutting oil as a component 30 times, iii) a surfactant having an oleophilic group carbon number of 12 or more (anion, cation, amphoteric ion, nonionic surfactant including soap) Is a water-soluble liquid of 0.5% or less, such as “High Chip HBC-66B” manufactured by Taille Co., Ltd.

The water-insoluble liquid OW is generally composed of mineral oil and animal or vegetable oil, or mineral oil and ester oil, type 1 cutting oil (No. 1 to No. 6), type 1 cutting oil with additives added (type 1). -6, 11-17) are used.
However, in consideration of separation from the water-soluble liquid SW, the water-insoluble liquid OW preferably has a low acid value and a low oxide content. The additive has an acid value of 1 KHO mg / g or less. Add a small amount. An example of the water-insoluble liquid is “High Chip HB0-88” manufactured by Taille Co., Ltd.
The specific gravity of the water-insoluble liquid OW is made smaller than the specific gravity of the water-soluble liquid SW.
Thus, when the water-soluble liquid SW and the water-insoluble liquid OW are stored in the liquid separation tank 2, the water-insoluble liquid OW is separated into the upper layer of the liquid separation tank 2, and the water-soluble liquid SW is placed in the lower layer of the liquid separation tank 2. To be separated.

As shown in FIG. 1, the operator flows the water-soluble liquid SW into the liquid separation tank 2, and further flows the water-insoluble liquid OW into the liquid separation tank 2, so that the water-insoluble liquid OW and the water-soluble liquid SW are discharged. Stored in the liquid separation tank 2.
The water-insoluble liquid OW and the water-soluble liquid SW are separated into an upper layer (water-insoluble liquid OW) and a lower layer (water-soluble liquid SW) in the liquid separation tank 2.

  In the machining center MC, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the operator places a workpiece IN (difficult-to-cut material: Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) on the machining table 15, and the workpiece IN Is fixed with a vise 45.

Subsequently, the operator drives the pumps 7 and 8 as shown in FIG.
The pump 8 sucks the water-insoluble liquid OW from the liquid separation tank 2 and discharges it to the pipe 5 on the cemented carbide drill DR side. The water-insoluble oil OW flows through the pipes 5 and 16 and the liquid supply passage 38 and is supplied to the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, the water-insoluble liquid OW flows through the oil holes 26 and 27 and is discharged from the drill tip surface 21 a (liquid supply process).
The pump 7 sucks the water-soluble liquid SW from the liquid separation tank 2 and discharges the water-soluble liquid SW to the pipes 4 on the liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14 side. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the water-soluble liquid SW flows through the pipe 4 and the nozzle pipes 13 </ b> A and 14 </ b> A and is jetted from the liquid jet nozzles 13 and 14.
At this time, each of the liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14 is directed to each of the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 of the cemented carbide drill DR and the drill tip portion 21A, and the water-soluble liquid SW is supplied to each of the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (body). 28), and sprayed to the drill tip 21A.

In the machining center MC, the operator drives the drive motor 12 as shown in FIG.
The drive motor 12 rotates the spindle 11, the housing 36 (collet 39) of the liquid supply holder HD, and the cemented carbide drill DR by driving.
In the machining center MC, the spindle head CM is moved toward the workpiece IN.
The spindle head CM moves the spindle 11, the drive motor 12, the liquid supply holder HD, the liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14, and the cemented carbide drill DR to the workpiece IN.
Thereby, the drill DR made of cemented carbide is sent to the workpiece IN while rotating, and as shown in FIG. 6, the cutting edges 22 and 23 are brought into contact with the workpiece IN from the drill tip surface 21a.

The cemented carbide drill DR is sent to the workpiece IN, and the cutting holes SH are machined into the workpiece IN with the cutting edges 22 and 23 (cutting process).
In the cutting process, during machining of the cutting hole SH, the cemented carbide drill DR discharges a water-insoluble liquid OW from the drill tip surface 21a into the cutting hole SH as shown in FIGS. It is supplied between the cutting hole SH bottom of the body IN and each of the cutting edges 22 and 23 (the drill tip surface 21a). At this time, the water-insoluble liquid OW acts as a lubricating oil, suppresses friction between the workpiece IN and the cutting edges 22 and 23, and facilitates the machining of the cutting hole SH.
The water-insoluble liquid OW discharged to the cutting hole SH is discharged out of the cutting hole SH from between the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25, the body 28, and the cutting hole SH. At this time, the water-insoluble liquid OW comes into contact with the respective twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (body 28) and the inner periphery of the cutting hole SH, and acts as lubricating oil.
The cut chips are discharged out of the cutting hole SH from the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25.

In the cutting process, during the machining of the cutting hole SH, each of the liquid jet nozzles 13 and 14 applies the water-soluble liquid SW to the workpiece IN around the cutting hole SH (difficult to cut material: for example, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8). , Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (body 28) (cutting fluid supply step).
At this time, the water-soluble liquid SW acts as a cooling liquid, and the workpiece IN around the cutting hole SH (difficult-to-cut material: Ni-base heat-resistant alloy or titanium alloy) and the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (the body 28). ).

In the cutting process, the discharged water-insoluble liquid OW and the jetted water-soluble liquid SW are mixed and recovered as a turbid liquid KW in the liquid recovery tank 1 as shown in FIG. . The liquid recovery tank 1 stores a turbid liquid KW in which the water-soluble liquid SW and the water-insoluble liquid OW are turbid (liquid recovery process).
The operator drives the pump 6 as shown in FIG.
The pump 6 sucks the turbid liquid KW from the liquid recovery tank 1 and discharges it to the pipe 3 on the liquid separation tank 2 side. The turbid liquid KW flows through the pipe 3 and is supplied to the liquid separation tank 2.

In the liquid separation tank 2, as shown in FIG. 1, the turbid liquid KW flows from the pipe 3 to the pipes 4 and 5 and is separated into the water-insoluble liquid OW and the water-soluble liquid SW (liquid separation step). .
In the liquid separation tank 2, the turbid liquid KW is separated into the water-soluble liquid SW and the water-insoluble liquid OW by the difference in specific gravity between the water-soluble liquid SW and the water-insoluble liquid OW. It is not separated.
Thereby, the turbid liquid KW is separated into an upper water-insoluble liquid OW and a lower water-soluble liquid SW. The water-insoluble liquid OW is a water-insoluble liquid OW containing a trace amount of the water-soluble liquid SW. For example, the “trace amount of the water-soluble liquid SW” is 3 to 5% by weight. “OW” is 95 to 97% by weight (provided that the total weight% of the water-soluble liquid SW and the water-insoluble liquid OW is 100% by weight).

As shown in FIG. 1, the pump 8 sucks the water-insoluble liquid OW separated from the liquid separation tank 2 and discharges it to the pipe 5 on the cemented carbide drill DR side. As shown in FIGS. 1, 5 and 8, the water-insoluble liquid OW flows through the pipes 5 and 16 and the liquid supply passage 38 and is supplied to the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR. The
In the cutting process, the water-insoluble liquid OW flows through the oil holes 26 and 27 and is discharged from the drill tip surface 21a (separation liquid supply process) as shown in FIG.
At this time, the water-insoluble liquid OW acts as a lubricating oil, suppresses friction between the workpiece IN and the cutting edges 22 and 23, and facilitates the machining of the cutting hole SH.
In the water-insoluble liquid OW, a small amount of the water-soluble liquid SW comes into contact with the bottom of the cutting hole SH and the cutting edges 22 and 23, and cools the bottom of the cutting hole SH and the cutting edges 22 and 23 in the cutting hole SH. .

As shown in FIG. 8, the water-insoluble liquid OW discharged into the cutting hole SH is discharged out of the cutting hole SH from between the torsional blade grooves 24, 25, the body 28, and the cutting hole SH.
At this time, in the cutting hole SH, the water-insoluble liquid OW acts as a lubricating oil on the inner periphery of the cutting hole SH and the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (body 28).
Further, in the cutting hole SH, a small amount of the water-insoluble liquid OW of the water-insoluble liquid OW contacts the inner periphery of the cutting hole SH and the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (body 28), and is processed from the cutting hole SH. The body IN and the body 28 (each twisted blade groove 24, 25) are cooled.
The cut chips are discharged out of the cutting hole SH from the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pump 7 sucks the water-soluble liquid SW separated from the liquid separation tank 2 and discharges the water-soluble liquid SW to the pipes 4 on the liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14 side. The water-soluble liquid SW flows through the pipe 4 and the nozzle pipes 13A and 14A and is supplied to the liquid jet nozzles 13 and 14, respectively.
The liquid spray nozzles 13 and 14 spray the separated water-soluble liquid SW to the workpiece IN around the cutting hole SH and the torsional blade grooves 24 and 25 (body 28) located outside the cutting hole SH.
The water-soluble liquid SW cools the workpiece IN around the cutting hole SH, and cools the twisted blade grooves 24 and 25 (body 28) of the cemented carbide drill DR.

In the cutting process, the discharged water-insoluble liquid OW and the jetted water-soluble liquid SW are mixed and recovered as a turbid liquid KW in the liquid recovery tank 1 as shown in FIG. . The liquid recovery tank 1 stores a turbid liquid KW in which the water-soluble liquid SW and the water-insoluble liquid OW are turbid (liquid recovery process).
The pump 6 sucks the turbid liquid KW from the liquid recovery tank 1 and discharges it to the pipe 3 on the liquid separation tank 2 side. The turbid liquid KW flows through the pipe 3 and is supplied to the liquid separation tank 2.

  In the difficult-to-cut material processing method, in the cutting process, the liquid recovery process, the liquid separation process, and the separation liquid supply process are repeatedly executed during the processing of the cutting hole SH.

When finishing the machining of the cutting hole SH, the spindle head CM is moved in a direction away from the workpiece IN.
Thereby, the spindle head CM separates the spindle 11, the drive motor 12, the liquid supply holder HD, the respective liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14, and the cemented carbide drill DR from the workpiece IN. The cemented carbide drill DR is extracted from the cutting hole SH.
Subsequently, the operator stops driving the drive motor 12, and stops the rotation of the main shaft 11, the housing 36 of the liquid supply holder HD, and the cemented carbide drill DR.
Moreover, the drive of each pump 6,7,8 is stopped.
Thereby, the supply of the water-insoluble liquid OW to the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR and the supply of the water-soluble liquid SW to the liquid injection nozzles 13 and 14 are stopped.

  In the difficult-to-cut material processing method, the water-insoluble liquid OW is not limited to being continuously discharged from the drill tip surface 21a of the cemented carbide drill DR, but the mixed liquid MW containing a small amount of the water-soluble liquid SW. Can be continuously discharged from the drill tip surface 21a.

1 to 8, the cutting system X employs a side-through method in which the liquid supply holder HD is used to supply the water-insoluble liquid OW to the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a center through method can also be adopted. In the center-through method, a liquid supply passage is provided in the main shaft 11, and the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR and the pipe 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) are connected to the liquid supply passage.
Thus, in the difficult-to-cut material processing method, the pump 8 is driven to pass the water-insoluble liquid OW through the liquid supply passage in the pipe 5 and the main shaft 11 to each oil hole 26 of the cemented carbide drill DR, 27 and can be discharged from the drill tip surface 21a.
Similarly, it can be applied to tools other than drills such as side-through or center-through milling and end mills. Further, it can be applied to a drilling machine, boring machine, milling machine, gear cutting machine, turning center, etc., other than the machining center.

  Next, a cutting test (hereinafter referred to as “Ni-based heat-resistant alloy cutting test”) in which a cutting hole SH is formed in a Ni-based heat-resistant alloy (difficult-to-cut material / heat-resistant alloy) by a difficult-to-cut material processing method, and a titanium alloy ( A cutting test (hereinafter referred to as “titanium alloy cutting test”) in which a cutting hole SH is machined in a difficult-to-cut material / heat-resistant alloy will be described.

<Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test>
First, the Ni-base heat resistant alloy cutting test will be described.

The Ni-based heat-resistant alloy cutting test was carried out by using the cutting system X for Examples 1 and 2 (hereinafter referred to as “Example 1” and “Example 2”) of the present invention.
In the cutting system X, the “vertical machining center MX-45VA” manufactured by Okuma Corporation was used as the machining center MC.

<Cemented carbide drill>
As the drill made of cemented carbide, a drill with a cemented oil hole of “WHO55-3D” manufactured by OGS Corporation was used.
In cemented carbide drills,
Drill diameter: 6mm
It is.

<Conditions for Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test>
About Example 1 and Example 2, the conditions of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test are as follows.
Workpiece: Inconel (registered trademark) 718 (HRC43)
Cutting speed of cemented carbide drill: 20m / min
Cemented carbide drill feed rate: 0.09mm / rev
Step amount: Non-step Cutting depth: 18mm
It is.
The rotational speed of the cemented carbide drill is 1,100 / min.
In the cutting system X, a water-soluble liquid was sprayed from the liquid spray nozzles 13 and 14, and a water-insoluble liquid containing a small amount of water-soluble liquid was discharged from the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill DR.
In Example 1 and Example 2, “High Chip HBC-66B” manufactured by Taiyu Co., Ltd. was used as the water-soluble liquid, and “High Chip HB0-88” manufactured by Taiyu Co., Ltd. was used as the water-insoluble liquid. .

<Evaluation of Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test>
In Example 1 and Example 2, a cutting hole was processed in a workpiece [Inconel (registered trademark) 718] with a cemented carbide drill, and the cutting test was evaluated based on the number of the cutting holes.
In the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test, the number of holes is the number of holes when the cemented carbide drill is continuously cut by the cemented carbide drill and the cemented carbide drill becomes uncut.
The number of cutting holes of Example 1 and Example 2 is compared with the number of cutting holes of a comparative example (see Table 1). A comparative example is described in the lower column on page 5 of “NICKEL ALLOYS SOLUTION Vol. 2 (Ni-based heat-resistant alloy tool)” in OGS Corporation “Catalog”. The comparative example uses the drill with carbide oil holes (WHO55-3D), which is the same as in the first and second embodiments.

For the comparative example, the cutting conditions are as follows.
Workpiece: Inconel (registered trademark) 718 (HRC43)
Cutting speed of cemented carbide drill: 30m / min
Cemented carbide drill feed rate: 0.09mm / rev
Step amount: Non-step Cutting depth: 18mm
It is. The rotation speed of the cemented carbide drill is 1,592 / min.
In the comparative example, the water-soluble cutting fluid is discharged from each oil hole of the drill with a carbide oil hole.
In the comparative example, a cutting hole is machined in a workpiece using a vertical machining center.

  About Example 1, Example 2, and a comparative example, the result (number of cutting holes) of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test is shown in "Table 1."

In “Table 1”, in the comparative example, the number of cutting holes is 440. In Example 1, the number of cutting holes is 764, which is 1.73 times the number of cutting holes in the comparative example: 440. In Example 2, the number of cutting holes is 1,200, which is 2.72 times that of the comparative example.
Example 1 and Example 2 can machine the number of cutting holes 1.73-2.72 times compared with a comparative example.
This is because Example 1 and Example 2 of the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy cutting test were performed by discharging a water-insoluble liquid containing a small amount of water-soluble liquid into the cutting hole during machining of the cutting hole, Inconel (Registered Trademark) 718] and cemented carbide drills are lubricated and cooled, and water-soluble liquid to be processed around the cutting hole [Inconel (Registered Trademark) 718] and a twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole This is because the life of the drill made of cemented carbide is increased as compared with the comparative example by injecting into the (body) and cooling the workpiece and the drill made of cemented carbide.

  As a result, in the Ni-based heat-resistant alloy cutting test, as in Example 1 and Example 2, water-insoluble liquid is discharged into the cutting hole from the drill tip surface (each oil hole) of the cemented carbide drill. By spraying the liquid onto the workpiece around the cutting hole and torsional blade grooves (body) located outside the cutting hole, the workpiece and the cemented carbide drill are cooled from inside and outside the cutting hole, and further cut. It has been proved that the life of the drill made of cemented carbide is increased as compared with the comparative example by lubricating the workpiece and each cutting edge with a water-insoluble liquid in the hole.

<Titanium alloy cutting test>
Next, a titanium alloy cutting test will be described.

The titanium alloy cutting test was carried out by using the cutting system X for Examples A and B (hereinafter referred to as “Example A” and “Example B”) and Comparative Example A of the present invention.
In the cutting system X, the “vertical machining center MX-45VA” manufactured by Okuma Corporation was used as the machining center MC.

<Cemented carbide drill>
As the drill made of cemented carbide, a drill with a cemented oil hole of “WHO55-3D” manufactured by OGS Co., Ltd. was used as in the Ni-based heat resistant alloy cutting test.
In cemented carbide drills,
Drill diameter: 6mm
It is.

<Titanium alloy cutting test conditions>
(1) Example A and Example B
About Example A and Example B, the conditions of a titanium alloy cutting test are as follows.
Workpiece: α-β alloy: Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium)
Cutting speed of cemented carbide drill: 40m / min
Cemented carbide drill feed rate: 0.11 mm / rev
Step amount: Non-step Cutting hole depth: 18mm
It is.
The rotational speed of the cemented carbide drill is 2,123 / min.
In the cutting system X, a water-soluble liquid was sprayed from the liquid spray nozzles 13 and 14, and a water-insoluble liquid containing a small amount of water-soluble liquid was discharged from the oil holes 26 and 27 of the cemented carbide drill RD.
In Example A and Example B, “High Chip HBC-66B” manufactured by Taiyu Co., Ltd. was used as the water-soluble liquid, and “High Chip HB0-88” manufactured by Taiyu Co., Ltd. was used as the water-insoluble liquid. .

(2) Comparative Example A
About the comparative example A, the conditions of a titanium alloy cutting test are as follows.
Workpiece: α-β alloy: Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium)
Cutting speed of cemented carbide drill: 40 m / min
Cemented carbide drill feed rate: 0.11 mm / rev
Step amount: Non-step Cutting hole depth: 18mm
It is.
The rotational speed of the cemented carbide drill is 2,123 / min.
In the cutting system X, the water-soluble liquid was sprayed from the liquid spray nozzles 13 and 14, and the water-insoluble liquid was discharged from the oil holes 27 and 28 of the cemented carbide drill DR.
In Comparative Example A, the water-insoluble liquid is 80% mineral oil (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 22 mm ² / s), 10% lard, and 10% sulfur-based extreme pressure agent die loop GS440L (S 40%). Used.
In Comparative Example A, “High Chip HBC-66B” manufactured by Taille Co., Ltd. was used as the water-soluble liquid.

<Evaluation of titanium alloy cutting test>
In Example A, Example B, and Comparative Example A, a cutting hole was machined in a workpiece [Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium)] with a cemented carbide drill, and the test evaluation was performed based on the number of the cutting holes. did.
In the titanium alloy cutting test, the number of cutting holes is the number of holes when the cutting holes are continuously processed with a cemented carbide drill and the cemented carbide drill becomes uncut.
The number of cutting holes of Example A and Example B is compared with the number of cutting holes of Comparative Example A.

  About Example A and Example B, and the comparative example A, the result (the number of cutting holes) of a titanium alloy cutting test is shown in "Table 2."

In “Table 2”, in Comparative Example A, the number of cutting holes is 102. In Example A, the number of cutting holes is 625, which is 6.12 times that of the number of cutting holes in Comparative Example A: 102. In Example B, the number of cutting holes is 411, which is 4.02 times the number of cutting holes in Comparative Example A: 102.
Example A and Example B can process a cutting hole number 4.02 to 6.12 times that of Comparative Example A.
This is because Example A and Example B of the titanium alloy cutting test were performed by discharging a water-insoluble liquid containing a small amount of water-soluble liquid into the cutting hole during machining of the cutting hole. 6Al-4V (64 titanium)] and cemented carbide drills are lubricated and cooled, and the water-soluble liquid is positioned outside the workpiece [Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium)] and the cutting hole. This is due to the fact that the life of the cemented carbide drill is increased compared to Comparative Example A by injecting it into the twisted blade groove (body) and cooling the workpiece and the cemented carbide drill. ing.

  Thus, in the titanium alloy cutting test, as in Example A and Example B, the water-insoluble liquid was discharged from the drill tip surface (each oil hole) of the cemented carbide drill into the cutting hole, and the water-soluble liquid was discharged. By spraying into the torsion groove (body) located around and outside the cutting hole, the work piece and the cemented carbide drill are cooled from inside and outside the cutting hole, and the water-insoluble liquid is further cut inside the cutting hole. It was proved that the life of the drill made of cemented carbide becomes longer than that of Comparative Example A by lubricating the work piece and each cutting edge.

  The present invention is a difficult-to-cut material and is particularly suitable for processing Ni-base heat-resistant alloys and titanium alloys.

X Hard-to-cut material cutting system DR Cemented carbide drill (blade tool)
21 Drill body 21A Tip portion 21a Drill tip surface 24, 25 Twist blade groove 26, 27 Oil hole SW Water-soluble liquid OW Water-insoluble liquid MW Mixed liquid

Claims (6)

A plurality of cutting edges formed at the tip of the drill body, a plurality of twisted blade grooves formed between the cutting edges and extending in the axial direction of the drill body, and penetrating through the drill body in the axial direction And using a cemented carbide drill having a plurality of oil holes that open at the tip of the drill, a difficult-to-cut material processing method for processing a difficult-to-machine material,
A cutting step of rotating the drill made of cemented carbide to the workpiece while machining a cutting hole in the workpiece with each of the cutting edges;
During machining of the cutting hole,
Water-insoluble liquid is supplied to each oil hole of the cemented carbide drill and discharged from the drill tip surface,
A cutting fluid supply step of injecting a water-soluble liquid into the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole;
A method for processing a difficult-to-cut material, comprising: In the cutting fluid supply step,
Water-insoluble liquid containing the water-soluble liquid is supplied to each oil hole and discharged from the drill tip surface;
The difficult-to-cut material processing method according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble liquid is sprayed onto the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole. Liquid for recovering a turbid liquid of the water-insoluble liquid discharged from the drill tip surface and the water-soluble liquid sprayed on the workpiece around the cutting hole and the twisted blade groove located outside the cutting hole A recovery process;
A liquid separation step of separating the turbid liquid into the water-insoluble liquid and the water-soluble liquid;
The separated water-insoluble liquid is supplied to each oil hole and discharged from the drill tip surface, and the separated water-soluble liquid is positioned outside the workpiece and the cutting hole around the cutting hole. A separation liquid supply step for spraying the twisted blade groove;
With
The difficult-to-cut material processing method according to claim 2, wherein the liquid recovery step, the liquid separation step, and the separation liquid supply step are repeatedly executed during the machining of the cutting hole. The difficult-to-cut material is
The method for processing a difficult-to-cut material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the material is a Ni-based heat-resistant alloy or a titanium alloy. The Ni-based heat-resistant alloy is
It is Inconel (trademark) 718. The processing method of the difficult-to-cut material of Claim 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The titanium alloy is
It is Ti-6Al-4V (64 titanium) of (alpha) -beta alloy. The processing method of the difficult-to-cut material of Claim 4 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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