JP2021151680A - Cutting tool - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a cutting tool that can clearly define the outline by improving contrast of a tool information display and thus allows tool information to be accurately read and can increase the amount of tool information.SOLUTION: A cutting tool includes a tool body 5 made of a sintered alloy and a tool information display 6 formed by laser irradiation on the surface of the tool body 5. The tool information display 6 includes a first irradiation portion 21 configured such that an occupied area per unit area of metallic oxides containing binder metallic components is larger than a portion 7 other than the tool information display 6 on the surface of the tool body 5 and a second irradiation portion 22 in a porous structure including recessed and protruded portions and holes in sizes falling within a wavelength range of visible light.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a cutting tool.

With conventional cutting tools, tool information such as an individual identification code may be stamped for the purpose of managing the history of recycling by re-polishing. Laser engraving is often used for engraving tool information because it does not disappear during cutting. However, in the engraving with a general-purpose laser marker, the difference in reflectance and brightness between the engraved portion and the non-engraved portion is small, that is, the contrast is low, the outline is unclear, and the tool information cannot be read stably.
For example, in the method of assigning an identification symbol for a drill in Patent Document 1, the contrast of engraving is enhanced by irradiating the drill with the laser scan speed changed in three stages.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-136347

The conventional cutting tool has room for improvement in that the contrast and the clarity of the contour of the part displaying the tool information (hereinafter referred to as the tool information display part) are further improved. That is, at present, it is difficult for a cutting tool such as a cutting insert or a small-diameter drill, which has a small space for laser engraving on the tool surface, to accurately read the tool information or increase the amount of tool information.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting tool capable of increasing the contrast of the tool information display unit to clarify the contour, thereby accurately reading the tool information and increasing the amount of tool information. It is one of.

One aspect of the cutting tool of the present invention includes a tool body made of a sintered alloy and a tool information display unit formed on the surface of the tool body by laser irradiation, and the tool information display unit is the tool. The first irradiation part on the surface of the main body, which occupies a larger area per unit area of the metal oxide containing the binder metal component than the part other than the tool information display part, and the unevenness of the visible light wavelength range. It has a second irradiation part having a porous structure including pores.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, the tool body has a tool information display unit and a portion other than the tool information display unit on the surface thereof. The tool information display unit is a portion where an identification code, an identification mark, or the like is engraved by laser irradiation, and displays tool information. For example, among the tool information display units, the first irradiation unit is white and the second irradiation unit is black. The first irradiation part is a blank pattern, the second irradiation part is an element pattern, and the first irradiation part and the second irradiation part are appropriately combined to form a binarized pattern, for example, a QR code (registered trademark). An identification code, an identification mark, etc. are formed.

According to the present invention, the first irradiation portion of the tool information display unit occupies an area occupied by a metal oxide containing a binder metal component such as Co or Ni, as compared with a portion other than the tool information display unit. Is big. Therefore, the first irradiation unit has higher reflectance and brightness than the portion other than the tool information display unit.

On the other hand, the second irradiation unit of the tool information display unit has a porous structure having irregularities and pores of various sizes including the size of the wavelength scale of visible light (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as light). Therefore, the action of absorbing light is obtained, and the reflectance and brightness are lowered. Therefore, by combining the first irradiation unit and the second irradiation unit to form an identification code, an identification mark, or the like, the contrast of the tool information display unit can be enhanced and the contour can be clarified.

Therefore, according to the present invention, even for a cutting tool such as a cutting insert or a small-diameter drill, which has a small space for laser engraving on the surface of the tool body (it is difficult to secure a space), the tool information can be obtained by a reading device or the like. Can be accurately read, and the amount of tool information included in the tool information display unit can be increased.
Further, by forming the tool information display unit by laser irradiation, the display of the tool information display unit is less likely to disappear during cutting, and the tool information can be read stably for a long period of time. Further, by forming the tool information display portion by laser irradiation, for example, even when the surface of the tool body has a curved surface or the like, the tool information can be easily engraved and the manufacturing tact time can be shortened.

In the cutting tool, the second irradiation portion preferably has a porous structure in which irregularities and pores having a diameter of 1 μm or less are overlapped.

In this case, since the diameter of the irregularities and pores forming the porous structure of the second irradiation portion is as small as 1 μm or less, the action of absorbing light is more stably enhanced. Further, since the unevenness and the diameter of the pores are kept small, the aesthetic appearance of the second irradiation portion is well maintained.

In the cutting tool, the second irradiation portion is formed on the surface of the first concavo-convex portion having a concavo-convex shape and the surface of the first concavo-convex portion, and has a concavo-convex shape smaller than that of the first concavo-convex portion. It is preferable to have an uneven portion.

In this case, the action of absorbing light is further enhanced by the first concavo-convex portion having a large concavo-convex shape and the second concavo-convex portion having a fine concavo-convex shape formed on the surface of the first concavo-convex portion.
Specifically, the light is trapped by the first concavo-convex portion, and the trapped light is scattered by the second concavo-convex portion, so that the reflectance and brightness are lowered regardless of the wavelength (color) and incident direction of visible light. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to make the second irradiation portion a clear black color.

In the cutting tool, the second irradiation portion preferably has a fractal-like porous structure.

In the cutting tool, it is preferable that the second irradiation portion has a fractal structure in the surface morphology in the scale range of 10 nm to 5 μm.

In this case, the surface morphology of the second irradiation portion is measured in a scale range of 10 nm to 5 μm, specifically, in a scale range corresponding to a secondary electron image of, for example, x20,000 times at a magnification of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is fractal. That is, when the surface of the second irradiation portion is partially viewed, a part (for example, on the order of several nm to several tens of nm, hereinafter referred to as a micro part) and the whole (for example, on the order of several hundred nm to several μm, below). (Called the macro part) is self-similar (recursive). Therefore, the action of absorbing light is further enhanced.
Specifically, light is trapped by the macro part, and the trapped light is scattered by the micro part, which can reduce the reflectance and brightness regardless of the wavelength (color) and incident direction of visible light. can. Therefore, it is possible to make the second irradiation portion a clear black color.

The cutting tool has a per unit area of the metal oxide in the first irradiation portion as compared with an occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide on a portion of the surface of the tool body other than the tool information display portion. It is preferable that the occupied area of is twice or more.

The first irradiation unit is formed by irradiating the surface of the tool body with a nanosecond laser. When the first irradiation unit is irradiated with a laser, the binder metal components (mainly Co and Ni) of the tool body boil over the melting point due to the heat of the laser and scatter to the surroundings. The metal oxide containing the binder metal component scattered around and spread on the surface of the first irradiation portion diffusely reflects light.
According to the above configuration, the occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide in the first irradiation portion is twice the occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide in the portion of the surface of the tool body other than the tool information display portion. As described above, the reflectance and brightness of the first irradiation unit can be stably increased. Therefore, it is possible to make the first irradiation portion clear white.

In the cutting tool, the second irradiation unit is preferably composed of elements containing W, C, O, Co and Ni as main components.

In this case, the tool body is made of cemented carbide. The second irradiation unit is formed by irradiating the surface of the tool body with a femtosecond laser. When the second irradiation portion is irradiated with the laser, the binder metal component is ablated and apparently disappears, but in reality, it becomes debris and is distributed substantially uniformly on the surface of the second irradiation portion.

In the cutting tool, the first irradiation unit has a reflectance of 45% or more at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, and the second irradiation unit has a reflectance of 5% or less at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm. preferable.

In this case, the difference between the reflectance of the first irradiation unit and the reflectance of the second irradiation unit is 40% or more in the wavelength range of visible light of 400 to 700 nm. Therefore, the contrast between the first irradiation unit and the second irradiation unit is stably increased.

In the cutting tool, the first irradiation unit has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* of 75 or more, and the second irradiation unit has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^*. It is preferably 20 or less.

^{The L *} a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* calculated from the reflectance spectrum is represented by a numerical range from 0 (darkest value, minimum value) to 100 (brightest value, maximum value). ^{In the above configuration, the difference between the brightness L * of} the first irradiation unit and the brightness L ^* of the second irradiation unit is 55 or more. Therefore, the contrast between the first irradiation unit and the second irradiation unit is stably increased.

In the cutting tool, the first irradiation part is ^{white with L *} a ^* b ^* color space saturation a ^* and saturation b ^* of 10 or less, and the second irradiation part is L ^* a ^* b. ^* it is preferable ^* chroma ^{a *} and chroma ^b color space is 10 or less black.

In the above configuration, the first irradiation portion is a clear white color, and the second irradiation portion is a clear black color. Therefore, the contrast between the first irradiation unit and the second irradiation unit is stably increased.

According to the cutting tool of one aspect of the present invention, the contrast of the tool information display unit can be increased to clarify the contour, whereby the tool information can be read accurately and the amount of tool information can be increased.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cutting insert, a turning tool, and a cutting edge state management system, which are cutting tools of one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cutting insert which is a cutting tool of one embodiment. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the first irradiation unit of the tool information display unit. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing EDX element mapping of a portion of the surface of the tool body other than the tool information display unit. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing EDX element mapping of the first irradiation unit of the tool information display unit. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a secondary electron image (SEM image) of the second irradiation unit of the tool information display unit. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of the second irradiation unit of the tool information display unit before laser irradiation. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of the second irradiation unit of the tool information display unit after laser irradiation. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the secondary electron image of FIG. 6 as a binarized image. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the analysis of the binarized image of FIG. 9 by the box counting method. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a cutting insert, a rolling tool, and a cutting edge state management system, which are cutting tools of a modified example of one embodiment.

The cutting tool 1, the turning tool 2, and the cutting edge state management system S according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment is a cutting insert. The cutting tool 1 is used as a turning tool 2 that turns a work material. The turning tool 2 of the present embodiment is, for example, a cutting edge replaceable tool or the like. The turning tool 2 includes a holder 3, an insert mounting seat 3a arranged at the tip of the holder 3, a cutting tool 1 that is detachably attached to the insert mounting seat 3a, that is, a cutting insert, and a cutting tool 1 on the insert mounting seat 3a. It is provided with a clamp screw 4 for fixing the above.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cutting tool 1 has a plate shape. Specifically, the cutting tool 1 has a polygonal plate shape, and in the illustrated example, it has a quadrangular plate shape. The cutting tool 1 may have a polygonal plate shape, a disk shape, or the like other than the quadrangular plate shape.

In the present embodiment, the direction in which the central axis J of the cutting tool 1 extends, that is, the direction parallel to the central axis J is referred to as an axial direction. In the plan view of the cutting tool 1, the central axis J is located at the center of the cutting tool 1. The central axis J extends along the thickness direction of the cutting tool 1.
The direction orthogonal to the central axis J is called the radial direction. Of the radial directions, the direction closer to the central axis J is called the radial inner side, and the direction away from the central axis J is called the radial outer side.
The direction of orbiting around the central axis J is called the circumferential direction.

The cutting tool 1 includes a tool body 5 made of a sintered alloy, a pair of main surfaces 10, an outer peripheral surface 20, a through hole 15, and a cutting edge 11. The pair of main surface 10, outer peripheral surface 20, through hole 15, and cutting edge 11 each form a part of the surface of the tool body 5. Further, the cutting tool 1 includes a tool information display unit 6 formed on the surface of the tool body 5 by laser irradiation and exposed to the outside, and a portion 7 of the surface of the tool body 5 other than the tool information display unit 6. ..

The tool body 5 has the same shape as the cutting tool 1 described above. The tool body 5 contains at least one hard phase among carbides, nitrides and mutual solid solutions of group 4a, 5a and 6a metals in the periodic table, and a binder metal component such as Ni, Co or Ni—Co. It is made of a sintered alloy having an alloy. The tool body 5 is composed mainly of the hard phase and the binder metal component. In this embodiment, the tool body 5 is made of cemented carbide. Specifically, the tool body 5 is made of a WC-based cemented carbide, and is composed mainly of a hard phase made of WC and the binder metal component. The tool body 5 may be made of a cermet such as a TiC group or a Ti (C, N) group.

The pair of main surfaces 10 have a polygonal shape and face the axial direction of the central axis J. In the present embodiment, each of the pair of main surfaces 10 has a quadrangular shape. The pair of main surfaces 10 has one main surface 10 and the other main surface 10. One main surface 10 and the other main surface 10 are arranged apart from each other in the axial direction and face opposite to each other in the axial direction.

Of the pair of main surfaces 10, at least one of the main surfaces 10 has a part of the main surface 10 (a portion including a corner portion) facing a work material (not shown) during cutting.
Of the pair of main surfaces 10, at least one of the main surfaces 10 has a rake surface 19, a breaker groove 12, and a flat surface 13. The rake face 19 is arranged at each of a plurality of corner portions (four in the present embodiment) of the main face 10. The plurality of corner portions are arranged at positions that are rotationally symmetric with each other about the central axis J.

The breaker groove 12 is arranged on the outer peripheral edge of the main surface 10. The breaker groove 12 extends along the outer peripheral edge of the main surface 10. In the present embodiment, the breaker groove 12 is arranged on the outer peripheral edge of the main surface 10 over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. At least a portion of each rake face 19 is arranged in the breaker groove 12.
The flat surface 13 is arranged inside the breaker groove 12 in the radial direction. The flat surface 13 is a flat surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the central axis J.

The outer peripheral surface 20 is connected to a pair of main surfaces 10 and faces outward in the radial direction. Both ends of the outer peripheral surface 20 in the axial direction are connected to a pair of main surfaces 10. The outer peripheral surface 20 extends over the entire circumference of the cutting tool 1 in the circumferential direction.
The outer peripheral surface 20 has a flank surface 29. The flank 29 is arranged on a portion of the outer peripheral surface 20 adjacent to each rake surface 19.

The through hole 15 penetrates the cutting tool 1 in the axial direction. The through hole 15 opens in a pair of main surfaces 10 and extends in the axial direction. The central axis of the through hole 15 corresponds to the central axis J of the cutting tool 1. In the illustrated example, the through hole 15 has a circular hole shape. A clamp screw 4 is inserted into the through hole 15.
The through hole 15 has an opening 15a. The opening 15a is arranged at the axial end of the through hole 15. The opening 15a has a tapered surface-like portion. The diameter of the opening 15a is reduced from the main surface 10 toward the inside of the cutting tool 1 along the axial direction. The head of the clamp screw 4 comes into contact with the opening 15a.

The cutting edge 11 is formed at a ridgeline portion where the rake face 19 and the flank surface 29 are connected, that is, an intersecting ridgeline portion between the rake face 19 and the flank surface 29. The cutting edge 11 is arranged at each of a plurality of corner portions of the main surface 10.

The cutting blade 11 has a corner blade portion 11a and a pair of straight blade portions 11b. The corner blade portion 11a has a convex curved shape that protrudes outward in the radial direction. The straight blade portion 11b is linear and is connected to the corner blade portion 11a. In the present embodiment, a pair of straight blade portions 11b are connected to both ends of the corner blade portion 11a in the blade length direction. The blade length direction is the direction in which the cutting edge 11 extends, and specifically, the direction in which the blade portions 11a and 11b of the cutting edge 11 extend. The set of the corner blade portion 11a and the pair of straight blade portions 11b is substantially V-shaped as a whole when viewed from the axial direction.

The tool information display unit 6 is arranged on at least one of the pair of main surfaces 10. The tool information display unit 6 is arranged on a portion of the main surface 10 other than the corner portion where the cutting edge 11 is located. The tool information display unit 6 includes a first irradiation unit 21 and a second irradiation unit 22. The first irradiation unit 21 is white, and the second irradiation unit 22 is black.

The first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 are formed by irradiating the surface of the tool body 5 with a predetermined laser. Therefore, the tool information display unit 6 may be rephrased as a laser processing unit or a laser irradiation unit. On the other hand, the portion 7 of the surface of the tool body 5 other than the tool information display portion 6 is formed without applying a predetermined laser irradiation. Therefore, the portion 7 other than the tool information display portion 6 may be rephrased as a non-laser processing portion or a non-laser irradiation portion. In the following description, a portion 7 of the surface of the tool body 5 other than the tool information display portion 6 may be simply referred to as a non-laser machining portion 7. Although not shown in particular, when the entire insert is coated and there is no exposed portion of the cemented carbide substrate on the surface, the cut surface inside the insert, that is, the cut surface inside the tool body 5 is used. It may be used for comparison as the non-laser machined portion 7.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first irradiation unit 21 irradiates the surface of the tool body 5 with a nanosecond laser, so that the binder metal components such as Co and Ni boil beyond the melting point due to the heat of the laser. Then, it scatters around and spreads on the surface to form. In the present embodiment, after the laser processing of the first irradiation unit 21 is applied to the entire area of the tool information display unit 6, the second irradiation unit 22 is arranged according to the arrangement of the identification code 30 and the identification marks 41, 42, etc., which will be described later. By selectively performing the laser treatment, the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 are formed. Therefore, the laser treatment of the first irradiation unit 21 may be rephrased as the base treatment of the tool information display unit 6.

An example of the laser irradiation conditions of the first irradiation unit 21 is shown below.
・ Wavelength 1064nm
・ Pulse width 30ns (nanoseconds)
・ Repeat frequency 50kHz
・ Output 5W
・ Scanning speed 300 mm / s
・ Scanning pitch 10 μm
・ Spot diameter 120 μm

The first irradiation unit 21 occupies a larger area per unit area of the metal oxide containing the binder metal component than the non-laser processing unit 7.
FIG. 4 shows the EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) element mapping of the non-laser processing unit 7, and FIG. 5 shows the EDX element mapping of the first irradiation unit 21. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the region where the binder metal component (including the metal oxide) is detected is indicated by reference numeral B in the binarization pattern. In the present embodiment, the metal oxide containing the binder metal component in the first irradiation portion 21 of FIG. 5 is compared with the area occupied per unit area of the metal oxide containing the binder metal component in the non-laser processed portion 7 of FIG. The occupied area per unit area of is more than doubled.

The first irradiation unit 21 has higher reflectance and brightness than the non-laser processing unit 7. That is, the first irradiation unit 21 has a clearer white color than the non-laser processing unit 7.
Specifically, the first irradiation unit 21 has a reflectance of 45% or more at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, which is a wavelength range of visible light. The reflectance of this embodiment is determined by using, for example, a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Co., Ltd., model UH4150) to obtain the total reflected light spectrum (normal reflection +) in the visible light range on the surface of the tool body 5 to be measured. It can be measured using diffuse reflection).

Further, the first irradiation unit 21 has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* of 75 or more. The brightness is the value of the dimension L ^{* of the brightness of the L *} a ^* b ^* color space calculated from the reflectance spectrum, and ranges from 0 (darkest value, minimum value) to 100 (brightest value, maximum value). It is represented by the numerical range of. Further, the first irradiation unit 21 is white in which the saturation a ^* and the saturation b ^{* of the L *} a ^* b ^* color space are 10 or less.
Further, the surface roughness of the first irradiation unit 21 is smaller (that is, smooth) than the surface roughness of the non-laser processed unit 7.

FIG. 6 is an electron microscope image (secondary electron image) showing the second irradiation unit 22. The device that imaged this secondary electron image is a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Carl Zeiss Ultra55), and the magnification is 20,000 times.
As shown in FIG. 6, the second irradiation unit 22 has a porous structure in which irregularities and pores having a diameter of 1 μm or less are overlapped. The second irradiation unit 22 has a porous structure including irregularities and pores having a wavelength range of visible light, that is, a size of 400 to 700 nm.

The second irradiation unit 22 is formed by irradiating the laser under laser conditions in which the pulse width is shorter than the laser conditions for forming the first irradiation unit 21. 2 The irradiation unit 22 ablates the binder metal component by irradiating the surface of the tool body 5 with a femtosecond laser to expose the uneven shape of the WC particles in the hard phase to the surface, and exposes the surface of the exposed WC particles. It is formed by imparting a fine uneven shape to the surface.

An example of the laser irradiation conditions of the second irradiation unit 22 is shown below.
・ Wavelength 320nm
・ Pulse width 500 fs (femtosecond)
・ Repeat frequency 50kHz
・ Output 10W
・ Scanning speed 10 mm / s
・ Scanning pitch 30 μm
・ Spot diameter 80 μm

Specifically, when the surface of the tool body 5 shown in FIG. 7 is irradiated with a femtosecond laser, the binder metal component B is more likely to be laser ablated between the WC particles and the binder metal component B, so that the binder on the surface is a binder. The metal component B is removed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, a concavo-convex shape (first concavo-convex portion 23, which will be described later) on a scale of about 0.1 μm to several μm that follows the shape of the WC particles is exposed on the surface. Further, by appropriately adjusting the energy density of the femtosecond laser, a concavo-convex shape (second concavo-convex portion 24, which will be described later) finer than the concavo-convex shape is formed on the surface of the exposed WC particles.
That is, the second irradiation portion 22 is formed on the surface of the first uneven portion 23 having a concave-convex shape and the surface of the first uneven portion 23, and has a concave-convex shape smaller than that of the first concave-convex portion 23. 24 and.

The second irradiation unit 22 has a fractal-like porous structure. The second irradiation unit 22 has a fractal structure in surface morphology in the scale range of 10 nm to 5 μm. The scale range of 10 nm to 5 μm specifically corresponds to a secondary electron image of, for example, x20,000 times at a magnification of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), that is, FIG. In this scale range, the surface morphology of the second irradiation unit 22 is fractal. That is, when the surface of the second irradiation unit 22 is partially viewed, a part (for example, on the order of several nm to several tens of nm, hereinafter referred to as a micro part) and the whole (for example, on the order of several hundred nm to several μm). (Hereinafter referred to as the macro part) is self-similar (recursive). That is, the first uneven portion 23, which is the macro portion, and the second uneven portion 24, which is the micro portion, are self-similar.

The definition of fractal of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 9 is an image obtained by binarizing the secondary electron image of FIG. 6 by image processing. The binarized image of FIG. 9 was analyzed by a box counting method using image processing software. The result is shown in the graph of FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the coefficient of determination in the method of least squares straight line in log-log graph ^{(R 2,} a measure of linear Fitch ring) ^was as high as R 2 = 0.99. This R ² can be regarded as the degree of fractal. That is, ^{if R 2} = 1, it is an ideal fractal, and as it becomes lower than that, the fractal property is lost. In this embodiment, the linearity of the log-log plot is high (that is, the degree of fractal is high), and the fractal dimension is D = 1.86. If it is not fractal, the log-log plot of FIG. 10 has an upwardly convex curved shape and is not located on the same straight line. Therefore, it can be said that the second irradiation unit 22 of the present embodiment has a fractal-like porous structure. As a method different from the present embodiment, a three-dimensional profile may be acquired, and the dimension may be obtained from the profile by a box counting method extended to three dimensions (for example, D = 2.5 dimensions). ..

Although the binder metal component ablated by the irradiation of the femtosecond laser apparently disappears, it actually becomes debris and is distributed substantially uniformly on the surface of the second irradiation unit 22. Therefore, the second irradiation unit 22 of the present embodiment is composed of elements containing W, C, O, Co and Ni as main components.

The second irradiation unit 22 has lower reflectance and brightness than the non-laser processing unit 7 and the first irradiation unit 21. The second irradiation unit 22 is a clear black color.
Specifically, the second irradiation unit 22 has a reflectance of 5% or less at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, which is a wavelength range of visible light. Therefore, the difference between the reflectance of the first irradiation unit 21 and the reflectance of the second irradiation unit 22 described above is 40% or more.

Further, the second irradiation unit 22 has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* of 20 or less. ^{Therefore, the difference between the brightness L * of} the first irradiation unit 21 and the brightness L ^* of the second irradiation unit 22 described above is 55 or more. The second irradiation unit 22 is ^{black with L *} a ^* b ^* color space saturation a ^* and saturation b ^* of 10 or less.
Further, the surface roughness of the second irradiation unit 22 is larger (that is, rough) than the surface roughness of the non-laser processing unit 7.

^{Reflectance, L *} a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* , saturation a ^* and of the first irradiation unit 21, the second irradiation unit 22 and the non-laser processing unit 7 of the tool information display unit 6 of the present embodiment. The measurement results of saturation b ^* are shown in Table 1 below as examples. Further, the case of marking with a conventional laser marker is shown as a comparative example. The conventional laser marker is simply a brown laser engraving that utilizes discoloration or oxidation due to the heat of the laser.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the tool information display unit 6 has an identification code 30 and a plurality of identification marks 41 and 42. That is, the identification code 30 and the plurality of identification marks 41 and 42 are arranged on the tool information display unit 6. The identification code 30 and the identification marks 41 and 42 are respectively configured by combining the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 in a predetermined pattern.
The identification code 30 is provided on at least one main surface 10 of the pair of main surfaces 10. The identification code 30 is provided to identify the cutting tool 1. The identification code 30 includes various tool information such as a model number of the cutting tool 1, a manufacturing date, a manufacturing lot number, and an upper limit value of the amount of wear (recommended value for tool replacement). In this embodiment, the tool information may be referred to as identification information, individual information, or the like. Further, a different identification code 30 may be attached to each individual cutting tool 1. According to the present embodiment, the traceability of the cutting tool 1 can be improved by providing the cutting tool 1 with the identification code 30.

The identification code 30 is read by, for example, a reading device such as an imaging device C or a smartphone camera, which will be described later. By providing the identification code 30, the information of the cutting tool 1 can be easily transmitted to the operator and the machine tool.

As shown in FIG. 1, the identification code 30 can be read by a reading device even when the cutting tool 1 is attached to the holder 3. That is, the identification code 30 is provided at a position not hidden by the clamp screw 4 for attaching the cutting tool 1 to the holder 3. By reading the identification code 30 of the cutting tool 1 with the cutting tool 1 attached to the holder 3, for example, the usage time of each individual cutting tool 1 can be easily calculated. The identification code 30 can also be used as a marker for position recognition when the cutting tool 1 is attached / detached by a robot, for example.

As shown in FIG. 2, the identification code 30 is arranged in a circular shape. The identification code 30 is arranged inside a virtual circle centered on the central axis J. This virtual circle is located in the flat surface 13 of the main surface 10. The identification code 30 is arranged along the outer peripheral portion of the virtual circle.

According to the present embodiment, by arranging the identification codes 30 in a circle, the identification codes 30 can be easily arranged in a limited area of the main surface 10 having a rotationally symmetric shape. Further, since the cutting tool 1 has a polygonal shape in a plan view, the identification code 30 can be arranged away from the corner portion of the main surface 10 by arranging the identification codes 30 in a circle. As a result, it is possible to prevent chips generated from the corner portion during cutting from coming into contact with the identification code 30. As a result, it is possible to prevent the identification code 30 from being removed by chips.

In the present embodiment, the identification code 30 is provided on the flat surface 13 of the main surface 10. As described above, the region where the identification code 30 is provided is preferably flat. Thereby, the readability of the identification code 30 can be improved. Further, it is preferable that the flat surface 13 which is the region where the identification code 30 is provided protrudes in the axial direction from the cutting edge 11. As a result, the chips formed by the cutting edge 11 during cutting are less likely to come into contact with the identification code 30, and it is possible to prevent the identification code 30 from being scratched during cutting. As a result, the readability of the identification code 30 can be stably improved. It is preferable that only the area of the flat surface 13 on which the identification code 30 is displayed is recessed in the axial direction to further prevent chips from coming into contact with the identification code 30.

The readability of the identification code 30 is important from the viewpoint of the convenience of the reader (reading device) of the identification code 30. For example, using a precise (ie, less readable) identification code that can only be read by a reader with a high magnification microscope requires a significant investment in the installation of the device. On the other hand, when an identification code with high readability is used, the identification code 30 can be read by using, for example, a camera of a smartphone, and the operator can easily read the identification code 30 from the identification code 30 without introducing new equipment. Information is available. The individual information read from the identification code 30 is used for, for example, acquisition of recommended cutting conditions for cutting inserts, inventory control of tools, determination of used cutting edges, etc. by collating with a database on the Internet.

According to the present embodiment, the identification code 30 is provided over the entire circumference along the virtual circle. As a result, the total length of the identification code 30 can be lengthened to increase the amount of information contained in the identification code 30.

The identification code 30 of the present embodiment is a barcode in which binarization patterns are arranged along a virtual circle. Specifically, the identification code 30 is composed of a white first irradiation unit 21 and a black second irradiation unit 22. By using the identification code 30 as a barcode, the identification code 30 can be easily read.

The identification code 30 of the present embodiment is a two-dimensional bar code in which a plurality of stages of binarization patterns are arranged in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the virtual circle. According to the present embodiment, by using the identification code 30 as a two-dimensional bar code, the amount of information contained in the identification code 30 can be increased. As an example of the two-dimensional bar code, a QR code (registered trademark) can be adopted. More specifically, the identification code 30 is a code in which the QR code is curved in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the identification code 30 has an element pattern 30a which is a plurality of substantially square black sections. The element patterns 30a are arranged along a virtual circle. The reading device is, for example, the imaging device C shown in FIG. 1, and the identification code 30 imaged by the analysis unit A, which will be described later, is converted into a square QR code by image processing, and the identification information is read from the QR code.

As shown in FIG. 2, the binarization pattern of the identification code 30 is composed of an element pattern 30a assigned to the tool information display unit 6 and a blank pattern 30b. The element pattern 30a is composed of the second irradiation unit 22. The blank pattern 30b is a region located between the element patterns 30a in the circumferential direction, and is composed of the first irradiation unit 21.

The dimension of the element pattern 30a along the circumferential direction is preferably 0.5 mm or more from the viewpoint of readability. Further, the dimension of the element pattern 30a along the circumferential direction is preferably 1.5 mm or less in order to impart a sufficient amount of information to the identification code 30. In the present embodiment, the blank pattern 30b has the same shape as the element pattern 30a. Therefore, the dimensions of the blank pattern 30b along the circumferential direction are preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, as in the element pattern 30a.

In the present embodiment, the element pattern 30a is a substantially square that is slightly curved along the virtual circle. In the present embodiment, the length of one side of each element pattern 30a is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less for the above-mentioned reason. When a plurality of element patterns 30a are arranged adjacent to each other, the plurality of adjacent element patterns 30a are visually connected to each other. The above-mentioned dimensional range is merely the dimensional range of the individual (that is, per unit) element pattern 30a.

In the present embodiment, the identification code 30 having the rectangular element pattern 30a has been described. However, the shape of the element pattern 30a is not limited to a quadrangular shape. As an example, the element pattern 30a may be circular in a plan view. When the element pattern 30a is circular, the diameter of each element pattern 30a is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less for the above-mentioned reason.

The identification code 30 formed by laser engraving is difficult to remove even if chips come into contact with it or cutting oil or coolant is sprayed during cutting. Therefore, by forming the identification code 30 by laser engraving, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the readability of the identification code 30 even if the cutting tool 1 is used for a long time. Further, by forming the identification code 30 by laser engraving, various identification codes 30 can be formed at high speed.

In the process of forming the element pattern 30a by laser engraving, it is preferable to scan the laser beam circularly along the virtual circle while controlling the ON / OFF of the laser beam. The contour of the element pattern 30a along the circumferential direction is arcuate. Therefore, when the laser beam is scanned linearly, it becomes difficult to form the arcuate contour of the element pattern 30a. By scanning the laser beam in a circular shape, the contour of the element pattern 30a can be smoothed, and the readability of the identification code 30 can be improved. In addition, by scanning the laser beam in an arc shape, the path of the laser beam can be shortened, and the processing time can be shortened as compared with the case where the laser beam is scanned in a linear shape.

According to the present embodiment, the identification code 30 is arranged around the opening of the through hole 15, that is, outside the opening 15a in the radial direction. Therefore, even when the clamp screw 4 is inserted into the through hole 15, it is possible to prevent the identification code 30 from being hidden by the head of the clamp screw 4.

The identification marks 41 and 42 are composed of at least the second irradiation unit 22 of the white first irradiation unit 21 and the black second irradiation unit 22. In the present embodiment, the identification mark 41 is composed of the second irradiation unit 22, and the identification mark 42 is composed of the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22. The plurality of identification marks 41 and 42 are arranged at positions overlapping with each corner portion of the main surface 10 when viewed from the radial direction. That is, the identification marks 41 and 42 are provided inside each corner portion provided with the cutting edge 11 in the radial direction. The identification marks 41 and 42 are formed by laser engraving together with the identification code 30. The plurality of identification marks 41 and 42 have a pair of first identification marks 41 and a second identification mark 42.

The first identification mark 41 and the second identification mark 42 are located radially outside the identification code 30. The first identification mark 41 and the second identification mark 42 have different shapes from each other. That is, the plurality of identification marks 41 and 42 are distinguished from each other. More specifically, the first identification mark 41 has a circular shape in a plan view, and the second identification mark 42 has a circular ring shape in a plan view. The four corner portions are distinguished from each other by three corner portions located on the outer sides of the pair of the first identification mark 41 and the second identification mark 42 in each radial direction, and a corner portion without the identification mark. ..

In the present embodiment, the case where the identification marks 41 and 42 are provided in the three corner portions out of the four corner portions has been described. However, the main surface 10 provided with the cutting edge 11 has an identification mark located inside at least one corner portion of the plurality of corner portions of the main surface 10 and distinguishing the corner portion from the other corner portions. It suffices if it is provided. If the identification mark is provided inside at least one corner portion, the corner portion can be identified in order from the identification mark along the circumferential direction.

According to the present embodiment, by providing the identification marks 41 and 42 inside the corner portions, it is possible to easily determine and determine which corner portion of the cutting edge 11 of the plurality of corner portions is used for cutting. be able to.

Further, at least one of the plurality of identification marks 41 and 42 is used as a reference point when the identification code 30 is read. When the identification code 30 is a barcode, it is preferable that the identification code 30 is designated as a reading start position. Since a general barcode has a binary pattern in one direction, the end of the barcode can be recognized as a reading start position. However, since the identification code 30 of the present embodiment is provided over the entire circumference along the virtual circle, it is difficult to set the end portion as the reading start region. According to this embodiment, the identification mark can be used as a reference for the position in the circumferential direction when the identification code 30 is read.

The identification marks 41 and 42 of the present embodiment have different outer shapes from the element pattern 30a of the identification code 30, respectively. More specifically, the outer shapes of the identification marks 41 and 42 are circular, whereas the element pattern 30a is substantially quadrangular. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the reading device from misreading the element pattern 30a of the identification code 30 and the identification marks 41 and 42.

In the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment described above, the tool body 5 has a tool information display unit 6, that is, a laser processing unit 6, and a portion 7 other than the tool information display unit 6, that is, a non-laser processing unit 7, on the surface of the tool body 5. Have. In the tool information display unit 6, the first irradiation unit 21 is a blank pattern 30b, the second irradiation unit 22 is an element pattern 30a, and the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 are appropriately combined to provide a binary value. The identification code 30, the identification marks 41, 42, etc., which are the patterns of the conversion, are formed.

According to the present embodiment, the first irradiation unit 21 of the tool information display unit 6 occupies a metal oxide containing a binder metal component such as Co or Ni per unit area as compared with the non-laser processing unit 7. The area is large. Therefore, the first irradiation unit 21 has a higher reflectance and brightness than the non-laser processing unit 7.

On the other hand, the second irradiation unit 22 of the tool information display unit 6 has a porous structure having irregularities and vacancies of various sizes including the size of the wavelength scale of visible light, and therefore has an action of absorbing light. Is obtained, and the reflectance and brightness are reduced. Therefore, by combining the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 to form the identification code 30, the identification marks 41, 42, and the like, the contrast of the tool information display unit 6 can be enhanced and the contour can be clarified.

Therefore, for example, when the cutting tool 1 is a cutting insert as in the present embodiment, or when the cutting tool 1 is a small-diameter drill (not shown), the space for laser engraving on the surface of the tool body 5 is small (it is difficult to secure the space). Even with the tool 1, the tool information can be accurately read by a reading device or the like, and the amount of tool information included in the tool information display unit 6 can be increased.
Further, by forming the tool information display unit 6 by laser irradiation, the display of the tool information display unit 6 is less likely to disappear during cutting, and the tool information can be read stably for a long period of time. Further, by forming the tool information display unit 6 by laser irradiation, for example, even when the surface of the tool body 5 has a curved surface or the like, the tool information can be easily engraved and the manufacturing tact time can be shortened.

Further, in the present embodiment, the second irradiation unit 22 has a porous structure in which irregularities and pores having a diameter of 1 μm or less are overlapped.
In this case, since the diameter of the irregularities and pores forming the porous structure of the second irradiation unit 22 is as small as 1 μm or less, the action of absorbing light is more stably enhanced. Further, since the unevenness and the diameter of the pores are kept small, the aesthetic appearance of the second irradiation unit 22 is well maintained.

Further, in the present embodiment, the second irradiation unit 22 has a first uneven portion 23 and a second uneven portion 24.
In this case, the action of absorbing light is further enhanced by the first uneven portion 23 having a large uneven shape and the second uneven portion 24 having a fine uneven shape formed on the surface of the first uneven portion 23.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the light L is trapped by the first concavo-convex portion 23, and the trapped light L is scattered by the second concavo-convex portion 24, so that the wavelength (color) and incident direction of visible light are scattered. Regardless, reflectance and brightness can be reduced. Therefore, the second irradiation unit 22 can be made a clear black color.

Further, in the present embodiment, the second irradiation unit 22 has a fractal-like porous structure. The second irradiation unit 22 has a fractal structure in surface morphology in the scale range of 10 nm to 5 μm.
In this case, when the surface of the second irradiation unit 22 is partially viewed, a part (for example, on the order of several nm to several tens of nm, corresponding to the second uneven portion 24) and the whole (for example, several hundred nm to several). The μm order (corresponding to the first uneven portion 23) is self-similar (recursive). Therefore, as described above, the action of absorbing light L is further enhanced. The second irradiation unit 22 can be made a clear black color.

It is considered that the higher the fractal dimension ^{and the closer the coefficient of determination R 2} is to 1, the higher the effect of suppressing the reflectance.

Further, in the present embodiment, the occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide containing the binder metal component in the first irradiation unit 21 is the occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide containing the binder metal component in the non-laser processed unit 7. Since it is more than twice as much as that of the above, the metal oxide containing the binder metal component spread on the surface of the first irradiation unit 21 diffuses the light. As a result, the reflectance and brightness of the first irradiation unit 21 are stably increased. The first irradiation unit 21 can be made clear white.

Further, in the present embodiment, the second irradiation unit 22 is composed of elements containing W, C, O, Co and Ni as main components.
In this case, the tool body 5 is made of cemented carbide. The second irradiation unit 22 is formed by irradiating the surface of the tool body 5 with a femtosecond laser. When the second irradiation unit 22 is irradiated with the laser, the binder metal component is ablated and apparently disappears, but in reality, it becomes debris and is distributed substantially uniformly on the surface of the second irradiation unit 22.

Further, in the present embodiment, the first irradiation unit 21 has a reflectance of 45% or more at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, and the second irradiation unit 22 has a reflectance of 5% or less at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm.
In this case, the difference between the reflectance of the first irradiation unit 21 and the reflectance of the second irradiation unit 22 is 40% or more in the wavelength range of visible light of 400 to 700 nm. Therefore, the contrast between the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 is stably increased.

Further, in the present embodiment, the first irradiation unit 21 has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* of 75 or more, and the second irradiation unit 22 has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^*. Is 20 or less.
^{In this case, the difference between the brightness L * of} the first irradiation unit 21 and the brightness L ^* of the second irradiation unit 22 is 55 or more. Therefore, the contrast between the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 is stably increased.

Further, in the present embodiment, the first irradiation unit 21 is ^{white with L *} a ^* b ^* color space saturation a ^* and saturation b ^* of 10 or less, and the second irradiation unit 22 is L ^* a ^*. b ^* chroma color space ^{a *} and chroma ^{b *} is 10 or less black.
According to the above configuration, the first irradiation unit 21 is a clear white color, and the second irradiation unit 22 is a clear black color. Therefore, the contrast between the first irradiation unit 21 and the second irradiation unit 22 is stably increased.

Next, the cutting edge state management system S for managing the state of the cutting edge 11 of the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting edge state management system S includes an imaging device C and an analysis unit A.

The image sensor C is, for example, a camera (so-called CCD camera) provided with a CCD image sensor (Charge Coupled Device image sensor). The image pickup device C is arranged so as to face the main surface 10 of the cutting tool 1.

In the present embodiment, the imaging device C simultaneously images the identification code 30 of the cutting tool 1 and at least one of the rake face 19 and the flank surface 29 in the vicinity of the cutting edge 11. Therefore, the optical axis of the image pickup apparatus C is inclined with respect to the normal direction of the main surface 10 (that is, the axial direction of the central axis J). The image pickup device C does not necessarily have to be composed of one camera. For example, the imaging device C includes a camera that images the identification code 30 from the normal direction of the main surface 10 of the cutting tool 1 and a camera that images the flank 29 from a direction close to the outer peripheral tangent of the main surface 10 of the cutting tool 1. You may have a total of two (plural) cameras.
As described above, the image pickup apparatus C of the present embodiment images the vicinity of the identification code 30 and the cutting edge 11 of the cutting tool 1 attached to the holder 3.

The analysis unit A is, for example, a computer. It is preferable that the analysis unit A has a database for determining the characteristics of the cutting tool 1 from the identification information given to the identification code 30. Further, the analysis unit A may be connected to the database stored in the external server via the network. The analysis unit A is connected to the image pickup apparatus C. The analysis unit A receives the captured image captured by the imaging device C. The analysis unit A analyzes the captured image captured by the imaging device C.

The analysis unit A analyzes the captured image and obtains individual information of the cutting tool 1 from the identification code 30 in the captured image. Further, the analysis unit A analyzes the captured image and obtains information on the damaged state of the cutting tool 1 from the cutting tool 1 in the captured image. The analysis unit A correlates the individual information of the cutting tool 1 obtained from the identification code 30 in the captured image with the damage state information of the cutting tool 1 obtained from the cutting tool 1 in the captured image.

The most typical type of damage to the cutting tool 1 is flank wear of the cutting edge 11. When flank wear occurs, the tip position of the cutting edge 11 of the cutting tool 1 retracts (the outer diameter of the tool decreases), so the dimensional error of the processed product (final product) increases according to the flank wear. Become. Then, it is determined whether or not the tool life has been reached based on the case where this dimensional error exceeds the user's permissible value. Therefore, one of the important information as the damaged state of the cutting tool 1 is the information on the amount of flank wear of the cutting edge 11. The cutting edge 11 of the cutting tool 1 is worn by cutting. The amount of flank wear of the cutting edge 11 that has reached the end of the tool life is as small as several tens of μm to several hundreds of μm for the cutting edge 11 of the insert for semi-finishing, for example. Therefore, it is difficult for the image pickup apparatus C to directly measure the amount of flank wear of the cutting edge 11 as a difference from the tip position of the cutting edge 11 before using the tool.

The inventor of the present application has focused on the fact that as the amount of wear on the flank surface of the cutting edge 11 increases, the wear marks formed on the flank surface 29 and the rake face 19 (see FIG. 2) of the cutting tool 1 increase. The amount of flank wear is important for maintaining good machining accuracy, but in general, the amount of rake face wear increases as the flank wear increases, so the amount of rake face wear is also an index for determining tool life. In many cases. The wear marks described here refer to areas that have been discolored due to contact with the work material. The apparent discoloration region includes not only discoloration due to wear but also discoloration due to heat during cutting. However, since these shades are usually different from each other, it is possible to discriminate with high accuracy by using machine learning. Since the size of the wear mark is as large as several mm on one side when the tool life is reached even for the insert for semi-finishing, it can be easily measured by using the image pickup apparatus C. The correlation coefficient between the amount of wear of the cutting edge 11 and the size of the wear marks on the flank 29 and the rake face 19 changes depending on the characteristics of the cutting tool 1. More specifically, the correlation coefficient is determined by the material of the cutting tool 1, the honing shape, the clearance angle of the flank 29, the rake angle of the rake face 19, and the like.

According to this embodiment, the analysis unit A can acquire individual information of the cutting tool 1 from the identification code 30 provided on the main surface 10 of the cutting tool 1. The individual information of the cutting tool 1 includes information on the characteristics of the cutting tool 1 that determines the correlation coefficient. The analysis unit A associates the size of the wear marks on the flank 29 and the rake face 19 (damaged state of the cutting tool 1 obtained from the cutting tool 1 in the captured image) with the individual information of the cutting tool 1. , The amount of flank wear of the cutting tool 11 can be estimated. The cutting edge state management system S issues an alert prompting the user to replace the cutting edge 11 when it is determined that the estimated amount of flank wear of the cutting edge 11 exceeds the threshold value corresponding to the tool life.

In the cutting edge state management system S of the present embodiment, the imaging device C simultaneously uses the identification code 30 of the main surface 10 of the cutting tool 1 and either the rake surface 19 or the flank surface 29 in the vicinity of the cutting edge 11. Take an image. That is, the image pickup apparatus C simultaneously images at least one of the sizes of the wear marks on the rake face 19 or the flank surface 29 and the identification code 30. Therefore, the analysis unit A can immediately estimate the amount of flank wear from the size of the wear marks.

Further, the cutting edge state management system S can be used for selecting the cutting tool 1 and cutting conditions used for cutting, in addition to estimating the flank wear amount of the cutting edge 11. The analysis unit A can detect abnormalities such as chipping and chipping of the cutting tool 1 as information on the damaged state of the cutting tool 1 obtained from the cutting tool 1 in the captured image. The cause of the above-mentioned abnormality in the cutting tool 1 is considered to be insufficient toughness of the cutting tool 1 or an excessively high cutting load. In addition, there are many other examples of damaged states such as thermal cracking and flaking of the cutting tool 1, welding of the work material, etc., and the causes are usually appropriate for the type of cutting tool 1 or the cutting conditions. Because it is not. The analysis unit A associates the information on the abnormality generated from the cutting tool 1 in the captured image (information on the damaged state of the cutting tool 1) with the individual information on the cutting tool 1 to cause the occurrence of the abnormality. To analyze. Further, the cutting edge state management system S proposes to the user the selection of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting conditions for improving the abnormality based on the analysis result of the cause of the abnormality in the analysis unit A.

The individual information of the cutting tool 1 attached to the holder 3 is useful information in cutting management. Conventionally, when managing the individual information of the cutting tool 1, it was common to manually input the information into the system, but there are problems such as the trouble of inputting and the possibility of human input error. was there. In addition, since the cutting tool 1 is attached manually by the user, the same cutting tool 11 may be mistakenly used multiple times in the cutting tool 1 having a plurality of cutting blades 11, or an unused cutting tool 1 may be used a plurality of times. A loss may occur in which the cutting tool 1 having the blade 11 is erroneously discarded.

According to the cutting edge state management system S of the present embodiment, the imaging device C images the cutting tool 1, and the analysis unit A analyzes the captured image of the cutting tool 1, so that the analysis unit A is the cutting tool 1. Individual information can be easily obtained. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the trouble of manually inputting the individual information of the cutting tool 1 and the input error. Further, since the cutting blade 11 used can be known by reading the identification marks 41 and 42 of the cutting tool 1 at the time of imaging, the usage history of the individual cutting blades 11 can be obtained in the cutting tool 1 having a plurality of cutting blades 11. Can be managed.

Even if the cutting tool 1 has the same tool model number, there is a slight variation in shape and quality for each individual. Therefore, even if cutting is performed under the same conditions, the time until the tool life is reached varies. Therefore, the cutting tool 1 is generally replaced with a certain margin with respect to the cumulative cutting time considered to reach the end of its life. For example, a typical insert is replaced in about 80% of the average life. For this reason, there are problems such as troublesome work due to increased replacement frequency and loss of the cutting tool 1 due to not using the cutting tool 1 until the end of its life.

In this embodiment, the analysis unit A has artificial intelligence (AI). The artificial intelligence of the analysis unit A learns the pattern of the damage image of the cutting edge 11 at the time of the tool life and at each stage until the tool life is reached. Based on the result, the artificial intelligence of the analysis unit A predicts the remaining usage time until the tool life is reached from the current image of the damaged state of the cutting edge 11. Further, the cutting edge state management system S may display the current usage time of the cutting edge 11 with respect to the total tool life on the panel of the user interface. Further, the cutting edge state management system S can replace only the cutting tool 1 that has reached the end of its life based on the individual information of the cutting tool 1 attached to the holder 3, and can reduce the loss.

Further, according to the cutting edge state management system S of the present embodiment, since the traceability of the cutting tool 1 can be obtained by the identification code 30 of the cutting tool 1, fine parameter fluctuations (for example,) generated in the production process of the cutting tool 1 are obtained. Information such as the coating film thickness estimated from the information on the installation position of the cutting tool 1 in the CVD coating furnace) and minor version upgrades not listed in the model number can be retained as information. Therefore, by using the information, it is possible to predict the life with higher accuracy. Further, according to the cutting edge state management system S of the present embodiment, since all products are managed by the database, it is also a countermeasure against counterfeit products.

In the present embodiment, an example in which the image pickup apparatus C is fixed at the above-mentioned position in the cutting apparatus has been described, but the configuration of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the cutting tool 1 removed from the holder 3 after the cutting is completed may be imaged with the damage state of the identification code 30 and the cutting edge 11 by an independent imaging device C outside the cutting device. In that case, it is not possible to acquire the damaged state of the cutting edge 11 during use of the cutting tool 1 in real time, but it is possible to check the dimensions of the processed product (final product) from the amount of wear of the cutting edge 11 after use. Indexes for changing the type of cutting tool 1 and optimizing cutting conditions can be obtained in the same manner as described above.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the configuration can be changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention, for example, as described below.

The cutting tool 1 may include a hard coating that covers, for example, a rake surface 19, a flank surface 29, and a cutting edge 11 on the surface of the tool body 5. Further, the cutting tool 1 does not have to have the through hole 15. In this case, the identification code 30 is not limited to a circular shape, but may be a polygonal shape or the like.

In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the cutting tool 1 is used for a turning tool 2 such as a cutting edge replaceable tool has been given, but the present invention is not limited to this.
FIG. 11 shows a cutting tool 201, a rolling tool 202, and a cutting edge state management system S, which are modifications of the above-described embodiment. The cutting tool 201 of this modified example is a cutting insert. The cutting tool 201 is used for a rolling tool 202 that performs rolling processing on a work material. The milling tool 202 of this modified example is, for example, a milling cutter with a replaceable cutting edge. The milling tool 202 mills a work material made of a metal material or the like by the cutting edge 211 of the cutting tool 201. The rolling tool 202 is attached to the spindle of the machine tool. The rolling tool 202 is fixed to the spindle in a posture in which the tool shaft O is arranged coaxially with the rotation shaft of the spindle of the machine tool, and is rotated around the tool shaft O by the spindle.

The rolling tool 202 includes a holder 203 centered on the tool shaft O, a plurality of insert mounting seats 203a located on the outer peripheral portion of the tip of the holder 203 and arranged at intervals around the tool shaft O, and each insert. A plurality of cutting tools 201 detachably attached to the mounting seat 203a, and a plurality of clamp screws 4 for fixing each cutting tool 201 to each insert mounting seat 203a are provided.

The cutting tool 201 includes a tool body 205 made of a sintered alloy, a pair of main surfaces 210, an outer peripheral surface 220, a through hole (not shown), and a cutting edge 211. One of the main surfaces 210 of the pair of main surfaces 210 faces the tool rotation direction around the tool axis O in a state where the cutting tool 201 is attached to the insert mounting seat 203a. An identification code 230 and an identification mark are provided on one of the main surfaces 210.

Further, the cutting tool 201 includes a tool information display unit (not shown) exposed on the surface of the tool body 205, and a portion of the surface of the tool body 205 other than the tool information display unit (not shown). A portion of the cutting tool 201 other than the tool information display unit and the tool information display unit is arranged on one of the main surfaces 210. An identification code 230 and an identification mark are arranged on the tool information display unit of the cutting tool 201. As the parts other than the tool information display unit and the tool information display unit of the cutting tool 201, for example, each configuration of the tool information display unit 6 and the non-laser machining unit 7 described in the above-described embodiment can be used.

The cutting edge state management system S of this modified example has an imaging device C and an analysis unit A, as in the above-described embodiment. The imaging device C images the identification code 230 of the main surface 210 of the cutting tool 201 from diagonally below. Imaging from diagonally below in this way has the advantage that one camera can simultaneously image the rake face and flank surface near the cutting edge, and both the rake face and flank surface near the cutting edge were recorded. Since the images are obtained, machine learning for obtaining the correlation coefficient between the magnitude of the wear and the amount of flank wear can be efficiently advanced. In that case, it is preferable to take an image from an angle of 45 ° with respect to the normal line of the main surface 210 of the cutting tool 201, that is, the central axis J.

Further, when a large number of cutting tools 201 of, for example, 10 or more are attached to the holder 203, the tip pocket located in the tool rotation direction of the cutting tool 201 becomes narrow, so that the image pickup apparatus C covers the entire identification code 230. You may not be able to shoot. In preparation for such a case, the identification code 230 of the cutting tool 201 is preferably configured so that only a part of the identification code 230 can be imaged and the identification information of the individual can be read. More specifically, it is preferable that the identification code 230 has a configuration in which identification information is repeatedly placed along the circumferential direction around the central axis J of the cutting tool 201.

Further, in the above-described embodiments and modifications, examples in which the cutting tools 1,201 are cutting inserts have been given, but the present invention is not limited to this. The cutting tool may be, for example, a solid type drill, an end mill, a reamer or other cutting tool.

In addition, each configuration (component) described in the above-described embodiments, modifications, and notes may be combined as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. It can be changed. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is limited only to the scope of claims.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

As a manufacturing example (example) of the present invention, the cutting tool 1 described in the above-described embodiment was manufactured. Specifically, the cemented carbide sintered body of the tool body 5 in which the average particle size of the WC particles is 2 μm, the main component of the binder metal component is Co, and the weight ratio of the binder metal component to the entire tool body 5 is 10 wt%. Was prepared, and the entire area of the tool information display unit 6 on the surface of the tool body 5 was irradiated with a nanosecond laser under the laser irradiation conditions of the first irradiation unit 21 described in the above-described embodiment. As a result, a clear white base on which the melt-coagulated Co oxide spreads was formed on the surface of the tool information display unit 6. The Co oxide covered the surface of the tool information display unit 6 by 50% or more, more specifically, about 70%.

Next, the femtosecond laser is described in the above-described embodiment for the second irradiation unit 22 scheduled portion of the tool information display unit 6, that is, the identification code 30 scheduled portion and the identification marks 41, 42 scheduled portion. Irradiation was performed under 22 laser irradiation conditions. As a result, Co apparently disappeared from the second irradiation unit 22, and a porous surface composed of W oxide or amorphous carbon was formed. W, C, O and Co were detected by EDX on the surface of the second irradiation unit 22. Although Co on the surface of the second irradiation unit 22 apparently disappeared, it actually existed to the same extent as before the laser treatment. That is, the Co in the black part (second irradiation part 22) is ablated, but also accumulates as debris on the surface, and is not locally concentrated and arranged as in the case before laser treatment, but rather on a microscale. It is considered that they were distributed almost uniformly.

The surface of the second irradiation unit 22 is composed of a combination of macro (Rz of several μm) unevenness formed by ablation of Co and nanoscale micro unevenness, and light is trapped and visually observed. It was confirmed that it looked clearly black.

As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the circular identification code 30 and the identification marks 41 and 42 are laser-engraved on the tool body 5 made of cemented carbide having no hard coating. Specifically, first, a planar view circular region around the through hole 15 is uniformly hatch-scanned with a nanosecond laser, and then the identification code 30 scheduled portion and the identification marks 41 and 42 scheduled portions are subjected to hatch scanning. Laser engraved with a femtosecond laser. As shown in FIG. 2, the superhard alloy exposed on the surface of the tool body 5 is gray and dark, and the degree of reflection of ambient light changes depending on the viewing angle, so that the color depth also changes. By performing the white treatment (laser irradiation by a nanosecond laser) on the tool information display unit 6, a bright and uniform white color could be imparted. In addition, it was confirmed that the black part has a clear black color, the contrast with the white part is high, and the edge of the binarized pattern is clear, so that it is possible to engrave a finer pattern.

According to the cutting tool of the present invention, the contrast of the tool information display unit can be increased to clarify the contour, whereby the tool information can be read accurately and the amount of tool information can be increased. Therefore, it has industrial applicability.

1,201 ... Cutting tool, 5,205 ... Tool body, 6 ... Tool information display part (laser processing part), 7 ... The part of the surface of the tool body other than the tool information display part (non-laser processing part), 21 ... 1st irradiation part, 22 ... 2nd irradiation part, 23 ... 1st uneven part, 24 ... 2nd uneven part, B ... binder metal component, L ... visible light, WC ... WC particles

Claims (10)

Tool body made of sintered alloy and
A tool information display unit formed by laser irradiation on the surface of the tool body is provided.
The tool information display unit is
The first irradiation portion on the surface of the tool body, which occupies a larger area per unit area of the metal oxide containing the binder metal component than the portion other than the tool information display portion.
It has a second irradiation part of a porous structure including irregularities and vacancies having a wavelength range of visible light.
Cutting tools. The second irradiation portion has a porous structure in which irregularities and pores having a diameter of 1 μm or less are overlapped.
The cutting tool according to claim 1. The second irradiation unit
The first uneven part whose surface is uneven and
It has a second concavo-convex portion formed on the surface of the first concavo-convex portion and having a concavo-convex shape smaller than that of the first concavo-convex portion.
The cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2. The second irradiation portion has a fractal-like porous structure.
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The second irradiated portion has a fractal structure in surface morphology in the scale range of 10 nm to 5 μm.
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide in the first irradiation unit is larger than the occupied area per unit area of the metal oxide in the portion of the surface of the tool body other than the tool information display unit. More than double,
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The second irradiation unit is composed of elements containing W, C, O, Co and Ni as main components.
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The first irradiation unit has a reflectance of 45% or more at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm.
The second irradiation unit has a reflectance of 5% or less at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm.
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The first irradiation unit has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* of 75 or more.
The second irradiation unit has an L ^* a ^* b ^* color space brightness L ^* of 20 or less.
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The first irradiation unit is ^{white with L *} a ^* b ^* color space saturation a ^* and saturation b ^* of 10 or less.
The second irradiation unit is ^{black with L *} a ^* b ^* color space saturation a ^* and saturation b ^* of 10 or less.
The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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