JP2021138852A - 繊維状セルロース含有物、繊維状セルロース複合樹脂、及び繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法 - Google Patents
繊維状セルロース含有物、繊維状セルロース複合樹脂、及び繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- fibrous cellulose
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- YSGSDAIMSCVPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N valyl-methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)C(C)C YSGSDAIMSCVPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
樹脂に添加される繊維状セルロースの含有物であり、
前記繊維状セルロースは、平均繊維幅が0.1μm以上で、かつヒドロキシル基の一部又は全部がカルバメート基で置換されたカルバメート変性マイクロ繊維セルロースであり、
繊維状セルロースと相互作用しない粉末を含む、
ことを特徴とする繊維状セルロース含有物。
前記相互作用しない粉末は、水系媒体中において繊維状セルロースと共有結合及び金属結合を形成しない無機粉末及び/又は樹脂粉末である、
請求項1に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。
前記相互作用しない粉末は、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、ホワイトカーボン、及びクレーの中から選択される少なくとも1種以上の無機粉末である、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。
前記炭酸カルシウムが重質炭酸カルシウムである、
請求項3に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。
前記相互作用しない粉体として無機粉末及び樹脂粉末を含み、
前記無機粉末の平均粒径:前記樹脂粉末の平均粒径の比が1:0.1〜1:10000とされている、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。
前記相互作用しない粉体として無機粉末及び樹脂粉末を含み、
前記無機粉末の質量%:樹脂粉末の質量%の比が1:0.01〜1:100とされている、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。
前記カルバメート変性マイクロ繊維セルロースは、平均繊維長が0.10〜2.00mmである、
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。
繊維状セルロース及び樹脂が混合された繊維状セルロース複合樹脂であり、
前記繊維状セルロースとして請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物が使用され、
前記樹脂の一部又は全部として粉末状の樹脂が使用されている、
ことを特徴とする繊維状セルロース複合樹脂。
平均繊維幅が0.1μm以上で、かつヒドロキシル基の一部又は全部がカルバメート基で置換されたカルバメート変性マイクロ繊維セルロースの分散液に、繊維状セルロースと相互作用しない粉末及び当該粉末の分散液の少なくともいずれか一方を添加して混合液を得、
当該混合液の分散媒を取り除く、
ことを特徴とする繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法。
本形態の繊維状セルロース複合樹脂は、繊維状セルロースと相互作用しない粉末を含む繊維状セルロース含有物と、樹脂と、好ましくは更に酸変性樹脂とを含む。酸変性樹脂を含む場合、カルバメート基の一部又は全部は、酸変性樹脂の酸基とイオン結合する。
解繊に先立ってアルカリ処理すると、パルプが持つヘミセルロースやセルロースの水酸基が一部解離し、分子がアニオン化することで分子内及び分子間水素結合が弱まり、解繊におけるセルロース原料の分散が促進される。
マイクロ繊維セルロース(解繊前にカルバメート化する場合は、セルロース原料。以下、同様であり、「マイクロ繊維セルロース等」ともいう。)にカルバメートを導入する(カルバメート化)点については、前述したようにセルロース原料をカルバメート化してから微細化する方法と、セルロース原料を微細化してからカルバメート化する方法とがある。この点、本明細書においては、先にセルロース原料の解繊について説明し、その後にカルバメート化(変性)について説明している。しかしながら、解繊及びカルバメート化は、どちらを先に行うこともできる。ただし、先にカルバメート化を行い、その後に、解繊をする方が好ましい。解繊する前のセルロース原料は脱水効率が高く、また、カルバメート化に伴う加熱によってセルロース原料が解繊され易い状態になるためである。
NH2−CO−NH2 → H−N=C=O + NH3 …(1)
Cell−OH + H−N=C=O → Cell−CO−NH2 …(2)
加熱処理における加熱温度の下限は、好ましくは120℃、より好ましくは130℃、特に好ましくは尿素の融点(約134℃)以上、さらに好ましくは140℃、最も好ましくは150℃である。加熱温度を120℃以上にすることで、カルバメート化が効率的に行われる。加熱温度の上限は、好ましくは200℃、より好ましくは180℃、特に好ましくは170℃である。加熱温度が200℃を上回ると、マイクロ繊維セルロース等が分解し、補強効果が不十分となるおそれがある。
マイクロ繊維セルロースは、必要により、水系媒体中に分散して分散液(スラリー)にする。水系媒体は、全量が水であるのが特に好ましいが、一部が水と相溶性を有する他の液体である水系媒体も使用することができる。他の液体としては、炭素数3以下の低級アルコール類等を使用することができる。
本形態の繊維状セルロース含有物は、繊維状セルロースと相互作用しない粉末を含む。繊維状セルロース含有物が相互作用しない粉末を含むことで、繊維状セルロースを樹脂の補強性を発揮できる形態とすることができる。すなわち、繊維状セルロースをスラリーとして用いる場合は、樹脂と複合化する前にスラリーに含まれる水系媒体を除去するのが好ましい。しかしながら、水系媒体を除去する際にセルロース同士が水素結合により不可逆的に凝集し、繊維としての補強効果を十分に発揮できなくなる可能性がある。そこで、繊維状セルローススラリーに相互作用しない粉末を含むことで、セルロース同士の水素結合を物理的に阻害するものである。
酸変性樹脂は、前述したように、酸基がカルバメート基の一部又は全部とイオン結合し得る。このイオン結合により、樹脂の補強効果が向上する。
セルロース原料又はマイクロ繊維セルロースは、分散剤と混合するとより好ましいものになる。分散剤としては、芳香族類にアミン基及び/又は水酸基を有する化合物、脂肪族類にアミン基及び/又は水酸基を有する化合物が好ましい。
繊維状セルロース含有物や、酸変性樹脂、分散剤等の混合物は、樹脂と混練するに先立って乾燥及び粉砕して粉状物にすることができる。この形態によると、樹脂との混練に際して繊維状セルロースを乾燥させる必要がなく、熱効率が良い。また、混合物に分散剤が混合されている場合は、当該混合物を乾燥したとしても、繊維状セルロース(マイクロ繊維セルロース)が再分散しなくなるおそれが低い。
繊維水分率(%)=[(乾燥前質量−乾燥後質量)÷乾燥前質量]×100
繊維状セルロース含有物及び樹脂の混練物は、必要により再度混練する等した後、所望の形状に成形することができる。この成形の大きさや厚さ、形状等は、特に限定されず、例えば、シート状、ペレット状、粉末状、繊維状等とすることができる。
繊維状セルロース含有物には、マイクロ繊維セルロースと共にセルロースナノファイバーが含まれていてもよい。セルロースナノファイバーは、マイクロ繊維セルロースと同様に微細繊維であり、樹脂の強度向上にとってマイクロ繊維セルロースを補完する役割を有する。ただし、可能であれば、微細繊維としてセルロースナノファイバーを含むことなくマイクロ繊維セルロースのみによる方が好ましい。なお、セルロースナノファイバーの平均繊維径(平均繊維幅。単繊維の直径平均。)は、好ましくは4〜100nm、より好ましくは10〜80nmである。
(平均繊維径)
微細繊維(マイクロ繊維セルロース及びセルロースナノファイバー)の平均繊維径の測定方法は、次のとおりである。
まず、固形分濃度0.01〜0.1質量%の微細繊維の水分散液100mlをテフロン(登録商標)製メンブレンフィルターでろ過し、エタノール100mlで1回、t−ブタノール20mlで3回溶媒置換する。次に、凍結乾燥し、オスミウムコーティングして試料とする。この試料について、構成する繊維の幅に応じて3,000倍〜30,000倍のいずれかの倍率で電子顕微鏡SEM画像による観察を行う。具体的には、観察画像に二本の対角線を引き、対角線の交点を通過する直線を任意に三本引く。さらに、この三本の直線と交錯する合計100本の繊維の幅を目視で計測する。そして、計測値の中位径を平均繊維径とする。
アスペクト比とは、平均繊維長を平均繊維幅で除した値である。アスペクト比が大きいほど引っかかりが生じる箇所が多くなるため補強効果が上がるが、他方で引っかかりが多くなる分、樹脂の延性が低下するものと考えられる。
保水度は、JAPAN TAPPI No.26(2000)に準拠して測定した値である。
繊維長0.10mm以下の割合とフィブリル化率と平均繊維長は、バルメット社製の繊維分析計「FS5」によって測定する。
結晶化度は、JIS K 0131(1996)に準拠して測定した値である。
パルプ粘度は、TAPPI T 230に準拠して測定した値である。
分散液のB型粘度(固形分濃度1%)は、JIS−Z8803(2011)の「液体の粘度測定方法」に準拠して測定した値である。B型粘度は分散液を攪拌したときの抵抗トルクであり、高いほど攪拌に必要なエネルギーが多くなることを意味する。
フリーネスは、JIS P8121−2(2012)に準拠して測定した値である。
水分率10%以下の針葉樹クラフトパルプと固形分濃度10%の尿素水溶液と各種pH調整液とを、固形分換算の質量比でパルプ:尿素:クエン酸=100:20:0.4の配合となるように混合した後、105℃で乾燥させた。その後、反応時間3時間、反応温度140℃で加熱処理し、カルバメート変性パルプを得た(カルバメート化率1.0mmol/g)。
樹脂に無機粉末のみを添加した場合と比較して、相互作用しない粉末とMFCを添加した場合の方が、曲げ弾性率、曲げ強度共に樹脂単体(ブランク樹脂)と比較して向上した。このことから、MFCと相互作用しない粉末が樹脂中に共存することで物性アップの相乗効果があると分かった。
Claims (9)
- 樹脂に添加される繊維状セルロースの含有物であり、
前記繊維状セルロースは、平均繊維幅が0.1μm以上で、かつヒドロキシル基の一部又は全部がカルバメート基で置換されたカルバメート変性マイクロ繊維セルロースであり、
繊維状セルロースと相互作用しない粉末を含む、
ことを特徴とする繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 前記相互作用しない粉末は、水系媒体中において繊維状セルロースと共有結合及び金属結合を形成しない無機粉末及び/又は樹脂粉末である、
請求項1に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 前記相互作用しない粉末は、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、ホワイトカーボン及びクレーの中から選択される少なくとも1種以上の無機粉末である、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 前記炭酸カルシウムが重質炭酸カルシウムである、
請求項3に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 前記相互作用しない粉体として無機粉末及び樹脂粉末を含み、
前記無機粉末の平均粒径:前記樹脂粉末の平均粒径の比が1:0.1〜1:10000とされている、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 前記相互作用しない粉体として無機粉末及び樹脂粉末を含み、
前記無機粉末の質量%:樹脂粉末の質量%の比が1:0.01〜1:100とされている、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 前記カルバメート変性マイクロ繊維セルロースは、平均繊維長が0.10〜2.00mmである、
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物。 - 繊維状セルロース及び樹脂が混合された繊維状セルロース複合樹脂であり、
前記繊維状セルロースとして請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の繊維状セルロース含有物が使用され、
前記樹脂の一部又は全部として粉末状の樹脂が使用されている、
ことを特徴とする繊維状セルロース複合樹脂。 - 平均繊維幅が0.1μm以上で、かつヒドロキシル基の一部又は全部がカルバメート基で置換されたカルバメート変性マイクロ繊維セルロースの分散液に、繊維状セルロースと相互作用しない粉末及び当該粉末の分散液の少なくともいずれか一方を添加して混合液を得、
当該混合液の分散媒を取り除く、
ことを特徴とする繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法。
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