JP2021132604A - Feed for monogastric livestock - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、単胃家畜用の飼料に関する。特に本発明は、軟便または水様便を防止した上で糞重量を減少できる飼料に関する。 The present invention relates to feed for monogastric livestock. In particular, the present invention relates to feeds capable of reducing fecal weight while preventing loose or watery diarrhea.
畜産業界において、家畜排泄物の適切な処理が求められており、多大な労力とコストが費やされている。
例えば、飼料加工の面からは、飼料をペレット加工したり、エキスパンダー加工したりすることによって排泄物量を低減することが提案されている。また、飼料配合の面からも、家畜の発育を維持しながら排泄物を減らす技術が提案されている。
In the livestock industry, proper treatment of livestock excrement is required, and a great deal of labor and cost are spent.
For example, from the aspect of feed processing, it has been proposed to reduce the amount of excrement by pellet processing or expander processing of the feed. In terms of feed composition, a technique for reducing excrement while maintaining the growth of livestock has been proposed.
例えば、特許文献１には、特定量のβ−グルカナーゼとキシラナーゼとペクチナーゼを配合した飼料を豚に給餌することによって豚の糞排泄量を低減することが提案されている。また、特許文献２には、ダッタンソバを含有する飼料によって家畜や家禽の排泄物量を低減することが提案されている。さらに、特許文献３には、蛋白質含量が４１％以上であり粗繊維が８％以下の菜種粕を０．１〜３０％配合した飼料によって家畜の排泄物量を低減することが提案されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 proposes to reduce the amount of excretion of pigs by feeding pigs with a feed containing a specific amount of β-glucanase, xylanase and pectinase. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes to reduce the amount of excretion of livestock and poultry by using a feed containing tartary buckwheat. Further, Patent Document 3 proposes to reduce the amount of excrement of livestock by a feed containing 0.1 to 30% of rapeseed meal having a protein content of 41% or more and a crude fiber content of 8% or less.
従来、飼料配合の面から家畜の糞を減らす技術が提案されてきたが、特殊な飼料原料が必要だったり、その効果が十分でなかったりした。
このような状況に鑑み、本発明の課題は、軟便または水様便を防止した上で糞重量を減少できる技術を提供することである。
Conventionally, a technique for reducing livestock feces has been proposed from the aspect of feed composition, but special feed raw materials are required or the effect is not sufficient.
In view of such a situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of reducing the weight of feces while preventing loose stools or watery stools.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討を行った結果、飼料に一定以上の米を配合した上で、さらに、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素を飼料に添加することによって、糞の水分を大きく変化させることなく、単胃家畜の糞重量を減少させることに成功した。 As a result of diligent studies, the present inventors have added a certain amount of rice or more to the feed, and then added one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of xylanase, protease, and amylase to the feed. , Succeeded in reducing the fecal weight of monogastric livestock without significantly changing the fecal water content.
これに限定されるものではないが、本発明は、以下の態様を包含する。
［１］ 単胃家畜の糞重量を減少させるための飼料であって、１３重量％以上の米を含有し、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素が配合された、上記飼料。
［２］ キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼのいずれもが配合された、［１］に記載の飼料。
［３］ 鳥類用である、［１］または［２］に記載の飼料。
［４］ ［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の飼料を単胃家畜に給餌することを含む、家畜の飼育方法。
［５］ ［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の飼料を単胃家畜に給餌することを含む、家畜の糞重量を減少させる方法。
The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following aspects.
[1] A feed for reducing the fecal weight of monogastric livestock, which contains 13% by weight or more of rice and contains one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of xylanase, protease, and amylase. The above feed.
[2] The feed according to [1], which comprises any of xylanase, protease and amylase.
[3] The feed according to [1] or [2], which is for birds.
[4] A method for raising livestock, which comprises feeding a monogastric livestock with the feed according to any one of [1] to [3].
[5] A method for reducing the fecal weight of livestock, which comprises feeding a monogastric livestock with the feed according to any one of [1] to [3].
本発明の飼料によれば、単胃家畜の発育を維持し、軟便または水様便を防止した上で、糞重量を減少させることができる。 According to the feed of the present invention, it is possible to maintain the growth of monogastric livestock, prevent loose stools or watery stools, and reduce the weight of feces.
本発明は、単胃家畜用の飼料に関しており、本発明によれば、軟便または水様便を防止した上で糞重量を減少できる。本発明に係る飼料は、１３重量％以上の米を含有し、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素を含有する。米の含有量が１３重量％未満であれば、満足する糞重量の減少はみられず、米の含有量が１３重量％以上であっても、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素を含有しなければ、糞重量は減少するが軟便または水様便になる場合がある。軟便または水様便は、糞処理におけるハンドリングが悪く、また衛生状態が悪くなる。 The present invention relates to feed for monogastric livestock, and according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the weight of feces while preventing loose stools or watery stools. The feed according to the present invention contains 13% by weight or more of rice and contains one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of xylanase, protease and amylase. If the rice content is less than 13% by weight, no satisfactory reduction in fecal weight is observed, and even if the rice content is 13% by weight or more, it is selected from the group consisting of xylanase, protease and amylase. If it does not contain one or more enzymes, the weight of the feces will decrease, but loose stools or watery stools may occur. Loose stools or watery stools are poorly handled in fecal processing and poor hygiene.
本発明に係る単胃家畜は、胃を一つ持つ家畜を意味する。本発明に係る家畜は、その生産物（乳、肉、卵、毛、皮、毛皮など）または能力（力、感覚など）を人が利用するために馴致・飼育している動物をいう。単胃家畜としては、これに限定されるものではないが、例えば、豚、鳥類、馬、犬などが挙げられる。飼料の消化吸収は、単胃家畜では小腸において、反芻家畜では胃において、盛んに行われている。単胃家畜の小腸における消化吸収には、腸液、膵液、小腸の微絨毛に存在する膜酵素などが関与し、単胃家畜間で大きな差は見られない。本発明に係る単胃家畜は、好ましくは豚、鳥類であり、より好ましくは鳥類である。鳥類は、鶏、ウズラ、七面鳥、アヒル、ガチョウなどである。より好ましくは鶏であり、さらに好ましくは成鶏である。本発明に係る成鶏は、産卵開始後の鶏で種鶏以外のものをいう。 The monogastric livestock according to the present invention means a livestock having one stomach. The livestock according to the present invention refers to an animal that is acclimatized and bred for human use of its products (milk, meat, eggs, hair, skin, fur, etc.) or abilities (strength, sensation, etc.). Monogastric livestock include, but are not limited to, pigs, birds, horses, dogs and the like. Digestion and absorption of feed is actively carried out in the small intestine in monogastric livestock and in the stomach in ruminant livestock. Intestinal juice, pancreatic juice, and membrane enzymes present in the microvilli of the small intestine are involved in digestion and absorption in the small intestine of monogastric animals, and there is no significant difference between monogastric animals. The monogastric livestock according to the present invention is preferably pigs and birds, and more preferably birds. Birds include chickens, quails, turkeys, ducks and geese. More preferably, it is a chicken, and even more preferably, it is an adult chicken. The adult chicken according to the present invention refers to a chicken after the start of spawning and other than a breeding chicken.
本発明に係る飼料は、穀類として米を含有する。本発明の飼料に配合する米の種類、形態などは特に制限されず、精白米や玄米、モミ米などをそのままで使用したり、混合したり、適宜加工処理して使用することができる。米を加工処理する場合、例えば、加熱処理、粉砕処理などの物理的処理；酸処理、アルカリ処理など化学的処理；酵素処理、発酵処理など生物的処理を単独または複数組み合わせた処理を行うことができる。好ましくは、精白米及び／または玄米をそのままで、もしくは物理的処理して使用し、より好ましくは、精白米及び／または玄米をそのままで、もしくは粉砕処理して使用する。本発明において飼料に対する米の配合量は１３重量％以上であり、好ましくは１５重量％以上であり、１９重量％以上としてもよい。米の配合量の上限は特に限定されないが、７０重量％以下が好ましく、５５重量％以下がより好ましく、４０重量％以下としてもよい。米の粗蛋白質量や粗脂肪量は特に制限されないが、粗蛋白質量は、例えば、５．０〜９．３重量％や５．６〜８．７重量％、６．２〜８．１重量％とすることができ、粗脂肪量は、例えば、４．２重量％以下や０．１〜３．７重量％や０．３〜３．２重量％とすることができる。また、米の粗繊維量も特に制限されないが、例えば、１．６重量％以下や１．３重量％以下、０．１〜１．０重量％とすることができる。 The feed according to the present invention contains rice as cereals. The type and form of rice to be blended in the feed of the present invention are not particularly limited, and polished rice, brown rice, fir rice and the like can be used as they are, mixed, or appropriately processed and used. When processing rice, for example, physical treatment such as heat treatment and crushing treatment; chemical treatment such as acid treatment and alkali treatment; and biological treatment such as enzyme treatment and fermentation treatment can be performed individually or in combination. can. Preferably, the polished rice and / or brown rice is used as it is or after being physically treated, and more preferably, the polished rice and / or brown rice is used as it is or after being crushed. In the present invention, the blending amount of rice with respect to the feed is 13% by weight or more, preferably 15% by weight or more, and may be 19% by weight or more. The upper limit of the blending amount of rice is not particularly limited, but is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 55% by weight or less, and may be 40% by weight or less. The crude protein mass and crude fat content of rice are not particularly limited, but the crude protein mass is, for example, 5.0 to 9.3% by weight, 5.6 to 8.7% by weight, or 6.2 to 8.1% by weight. The crude fat content can be, for example, 4.2% by weight or less, 0.1 to 3.7% by weight, or 0.3 to 3.2% by weight. The amount of crude fiber of rice is also not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1.6% by weight or less, 1.3% by weight or less, or 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.
本発明に係る飼料は、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素が配合され、好ましい態様において、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼから選択される２以上が配合され、より好ましい態様において、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼすべてが配合される。キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼすべてを配合する場合、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼすべてを含む酵素製剤を配合してもよい。キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼすべてを含む酵素製剤としては、例えばＤａｎｉｓｃｏ社のアビザイム１５００、アビザイム１５０２などが挙げられる。酵素製剤の配合量は特に限定されないが、例えば、１〜５０００ｐｐｍが好ましく、１０〜２５００ｐｐｍがより好ましく、５０〜１０００ｐｐｍがさらに好ましい。 The feed according to the present invention contains one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of xylanase, protease and amylase, and in a preferred embodiment, contains two or more enzymes selected from xylanase, protease and amylase, and in a more preferable embodiment. , Xylanase, protease, amylase are all blended. When all of xylanase, protease and amylase are blended, an enzyme preparation containing all of xylanase, protease and amylase may be blended. Examples of the enzyme preparation containing all of xylanase, protease and amylase include Danisco's Avisim 1500 and Avisim 1502. The blending amount of the enzyme preparation is not particularly limited, but for example, 1 to 5000 ppm is preferable, 10 to 2500 ppm is more preferable, and 50 to 1000 ppm is further preferable.
キシラナーゼは、キシランをキシロースに分解する酵素であり、植物の細胞壁の主要成分であるヘミセルロースを分解する。本発明においては、公知のキシラナーゼを適宜使用することができる。好ましい態様において、飼料１ｋｇ当たりのキシラナーゼ活性は、飼料及び飼料添加物の成分規格等に関する省令に記載されるキシラン糖化力試験法により、０．３〜３０００キシラン糖化力単位配合されてもよく、より好ましくは３〜１５００キシラン糖化力単位であり、さらに好ましくは１５〜６００キシラン糖化力単位である。 Xylanase is an enzyme that breaks down xylan into xylose and breaks down hemicellulose, which is a major component of plant cell walls. In the present invention, known xylanase can be appropriately used. In a preferred embodiment, the xylanase activity per 1 kg of feed may be blended in units of 0.3 to 3000 xylan saccharification power according to the xylan saccharification power test method described in the ministry ordinance on component specifications of feed and feed additives. It is preferably 3 to 1500 xylan saccharifying power units, and more preferably 15 to 600 xylan saccharifying power units.
プロテアーゼは、ペプチド結合を加水分解する酵素であり、本発明においては、公知のプロテアーゼを適宜使用することができ、好ましくは、アルカリ性に至適ｐＨをもつアルカリ性プロテアーゼである。好ましい態様において、飼料１ｋｇ当たりのプロテアーゼ活性は、飼料及び飼料添加物の成分規格等に関する省令に記載されるたん白消化力試験法により、４〜３００００たん白消化力単位配合されてもよく、より好ましくは４０〜１５０００たん白消化力単位であり、さらに好ましくは２００〜６０００たん白消化力単位である。 The protease is an enzyme that hydrolyzes a peptide bond, and in the present invention, a known protease can be appropriately used, and an alkaline protease having an optimum pH for alkalinity is preferable. In a preferred embodiment, the protease activity per 1 kg of feed may be blended in 4 to 30,000 protein digestibility units according to the protein digestibility test method described in the ministry ordinance on component specifications of feed and feed additives. It is preferably 40 to 15,000 protein digestibility units, and more preferably 200 to 6,000 protein digestibility units.
アミラーゼは、グリコシド結合を加水分解し、でんぷん中のアミロースやアミロペクチンを単糖類であるブドウ糖や二糖類であるマルトース及びオリゴ糖に分解する酵素である。本発明においては、公知のアミラーゼを適宜使用することができる。好ましい態様において、飼料１ｋｇ当たりのアミラーゼ活性は、飼料及び飼料添加物の成分規格等に関する省令に記載されるでんぷん糖化力試験法により、０．２〜２５００でんぷん糖化力単位配合されてもよく、より好ましくは２〜１２００でんぷん糖化力単位であり、さらに好ましくは１０〜５００でんぷん糖化力単位である。 Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic bonds and decomposes amylose and amylopectin in starch into monosaccharides such as glucose and disaccharides such as maltose and oligosaccharides. In the present invention, known amylase can be appropriately used. In a preferred embodiment, the amylase activity per 1 kg of feed may be blended in units of 0.2 to 2500 starch saccharification power according to the starch saccharification power test method described in the ministry ordinance on component specifications of feed and feed additives. It is preferably a starch saccharifying power unit of 2 to 1200, and more preferably a starch saccharifying power unit of 10 to 500.
本発明に係る飼料は、本発明の効果を阻害しない限り、上記した原料の他に一般的に飼料に使用されている任意の材料を使用することができる。例えば、トウモロコシ、マイロ、大麦、小麦、ライ麦などの米以外の穀類；フスマ、ヌカなどの糟糠類；大豆粕、ナタネ粕などの植物性油粕類；魚粉、肉骨粉などの動物性飼料；オリゴ糖類；動物性油脂、植物性油脂などの油脂；ビタミンＢ１及びビタミンＥなどの各種ビタミン類；食塩、ケイ酸、炭酸カルシウム、第３リン酸カルシウムなどのミネラル類；アミノ酸類；有機酸類などを配合することができる。 As the feed according to the present invention, any material generally used for feed can be used in addition to the above-mentioned raw materials as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, cereals other than rice such as corn, mylo, barley, wheat and rye; rice bran such as fusuma and nuka; vegetable oil cake such as soybean cake and rapeseed cake; animal feed such as fish flour and meat bone meal; oligosaccharides Fats and oils such as animal fats and oils, vegetable fats and oils; various vitamins such as vitamin B1 and vitamin E; minerals such as salt, silicic acid, calcium carbonate, and calcium ferric phosphate; amino acids; organic acids, etc. may be blended. can.
本発明に係る飼料において、配合する米以外の穀類は外皮を有していても有していなくてもよい。また、米以外の穀類の外皮のみを別途配合することもでき、例えば、フスマ（例えば、小麦フスマ、大麦フスマ、オーツ麦フスマ、ライ麦フスマなど）、とうもろこし種皮、豆皮（例えば大豆皮、小豆皮など）が好適な例として挙げられる。 In the feed according to the present invention, cereals other than rice to be blended may or may not have an outer skin. In addition, only the hulls of cereals other than rice can be separately blended, for example, wheat bran, barley bran, oat bran, rye bran, etc. Etc.) is a preferable example.
本発明に係る飼料の形態は、特に制限されず、給餌する対象の種類、飼育期間などに合わせて適宜選択することができる。例えば、マッシュ飼料、ペレット飼料、クランブル飼料、エキスパンダー飼料、フレーク飼料などをそのまま、もしくはそれらを混合したものを選択してもよい。マッシュ飼料は、穀類原料を粉砕したものに粉状の原料や液体原料を混ぜ合わせたもの、ペレット飼料は、マッシュ飼料に水蒸気等により水分を加えて加熱調湿し加圧成形したもの、クランブル飼料は、ペレット飼料を荒砕きしたもの、エキスパンダー飼料は、水蒸気を加え高い圧力で押出造粒したもの、フレーク飼料は、穀類原料に水蒸気等により水分を加えて加熱調湿しロールでフレーク状にしたものである。 The form of the feed according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of feed target, the breeding period, and the like. For example, mash feed, pellet feed, crumble feed, expander feed, flake feed and the like may be selected as they are or a mixture thereof. The mash feed is a mixture of crushed grain raw materials and powdered raw materials or liquid raw materials, and the pellet feed is a mash feed that is heat-controlled and pressure-molded by adding water to the mash feed with steam or the like. The pellet feed is coarsely crushed, the expander feed is extruded and granulated at high pressure by adding steam, and the flake feed is made into flakes by heating and humidity control by adding water to the cereal raw material with steam or the like. It is a thing.
一つの態様において、本発明は飼料の製造方法である。本発明に係る飼料は、米を含む穀類、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素を少なくとも含む原料を混合することによって製造することができる。 In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for producing feed. The feed according to the present invention can be produced by mixing a raw material containing at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of grains containing rice, xylanase, protease, and amylase.
原料を混合する際は、公知の手段を用いればよく、例えば、一軸又は二軸ミキサー、ボールカッター、サイレントカッターなどの裁断混合機、粉砕混合機などを用いることができる。各原料はすべて同時に混合してもよく、一部の材料をあらかじめ混合した後に残りの材料を混合するなど、複数回に分けて混合してもよい。各原料は、混合前に適宜粘度を調整したり、粉砕・解砕等の前処理を行ったりすることも可能である。 When mixing the raw materials, known means may be used, and for example, a cutting mixer such as a uniaxial or biaxial mixer, a ball cutter, a silent cutter, a crushing mixer, or the like can be used. All the raw materials may be mixed at the same time, or may be mixed in a plurality of times, such as mixing some materials in advance and then mixing the remaining materials. The viscosity of each raw material can be adjusted as appropriate before mixing, and pretreatment such as crushing and crushing can be performed.
本発明においては、原料を混合した後などに、適当な水分まで乾燥してもよい。乾燥は、公知の手段を用いればよく、例えば、自然乾燥、通風乾燥、加熱乾燥、減圧乾燥、凍結乾燥などの方法で行うことができる。水分含有量１〜１５重量％程度に乾燥することが好ましく、水分含有量９〜１５重量％にすることがより好ましい。水分含有量が低いと粉舞いしやすくなるため作業性が悪くなり、水分含有量が高いと腐敗しやすく保存性に問題が生じる。飼料の水分含有量は、「五訂 日本食品標準成分表分析マニュアル」（Ｉ−１．常圧加熱乾燥法、Ｉ−１−１．直接法）に基づいて測定することが可能である。 In the present invention, the raw materials may be mixed and then dried to an appropriate moisture content. The drying may be carried out by a known means, for example, natural drying, ventilation drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying and the like. It is preferably dried to a water content of about 1 to 15% by weight, and more preferably to a water content of 9 to 15% by weight. If the water content is low, it is easy to dust and the workability is deteriorated, and if the water content is high, it is easily putrefactive and there is a problem in storage stability. The water content of the feed can be measured based on the "Fifth Edition Standard Tables of Food Composition Analysis Manual" (I-1. Normal pressure heating and drying method, I-1-1. Direct method).
一つの態様において本発明は、上述した飼料を給餌することを含む、単胃家畜の飼育方法であり、さらに本発明は、上述した飼料を給餌することを含む、単胃家畜の糞重量を減少させる方法である。本発明においては飼育の全期間にわたって本発明の飼料のみを給餌することもできるが、一定の期間のみ本発明の飼料を給餌することが可能であり、他の飼料と併用してもよい。 In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for raising a monogastric livestock, which comprises feeding the above-mentioned feed, and further, the present invention includes reducing the feces weight of the monogastric livestock, which comprises feeding the above-mentioned feed. It is a way to make it. In the present invention, only the feed of the present invention can be fed for the entire period of breeding, but the feed of the present invention can be fed only for a certain period of time, and may be used in combination with other feeds.
以下、具体例を挙げながら本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明は下記の具体例に限定されるものではない。また、本明細書において、特に記載しない限り、濃度などは重量基準であり、数値範囲はその端点を含むものとして記載される。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples. Further, in the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the concentration and the like are based on weight, and the numerical range is described as including the end points thereof.
原料
以下の実験においては、下記の原料を使用した。なお、「日本標準飼料成分表（２００９年版）」（中央畜産会）の飼料番号、ならびに粗蛋白質及び粗脂肪、粗繊維を平均値±標準偏差で記載した。
・トウモロコシ（飼料番号５５０１、粗蛋白質：７．６±０．３重量％、粗脂肪：３．８±０．４重量％、粗繊維１．７±０．２重量％）
・玄米（飼料番号５６０１、粗蛋白質：７．５±０．６重量％、粗脂肪：２．７±０．５重量％、粗繊維０．７±０．３重量％）
・精白米（飼料番号５６１１、粗蛋白質：６．８±０．６重量％、粗脂肪：０．５±０．２重量％、粗繊維０．２±０．１重量％）
・大豆粕（飼料番号７４５１、粗蛋白質：４５．０±１．４重量％、粗脂肪：１．９±０．６重量％、粗繊維５．３±０．６重量％）
・ナタネ粕（飼料番号７５０１、粗蛋白質：３７．３±１．４重量％、粗脂肪：２．９±０．７重量％、粗繊維９．４±０．８重量％）
・コーングルテンミール（飼料番号７７７１、粗蛋白質：６３．７±３．０重量％、粗脂肪：２．５±１．８重量％、粗繊維０．８±０．６重量％）
・トウモロコシジスチラーズグレインソリュブル（ＤＤＧＳ；飼料番号６５８８、粗蛋白質：２６．２±１．６重量％、粗脂肪：１１．０±１．３重量％、粗繊維７．０±０．７重量％）
・小麦フスマ（飼料番号６１５１、粗蛋白質：１５．７±０．９重量％、粗脂肪：４．３±０．５重量％、粗繊維９．５±０．６重量％）
・コーングルテンフィード（飼料番号６３３１、粗蛋白質：２０．９±１．５重量％、粗脂肪：３．６±１．２重量％、粗繊維７．５±１．３重量％）
・動物性油脂（飼料番号８９５０、粗脂肪：９９．０重量％）
実験１
１−１．飼料の調製
対照飼料１を、「日本飼養標準 家禽（２０１１年版）」（中央畜産会）に記載される卵用鶏の産卵期（日産卵量５６ｇの場合）の要求量を満たすように、表１−１に示す配合に基づいて調製した。原料の成分値は、「日本標準飼料成分表（２００９年版）」に記載の数値を利用した。その後、対照飼料１と各原料を７：３の比率で混合し、各試験区飼料を調製した。なお、水分含有量は１０〜１３重量％の範囲とした。表１−１に記載のその他の原料には、カルシウム化合物のほか、微量成分としてビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸組成を揃えるためのメチオニンなどが含まれる。
Raw Materials In the following experiments, the following raw materials were used. In addition, the feed number of "Japan Standard Feed Ingredient Table (2009 Edition)" (Central Livestock Industry Association), and crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber are described by the average value ± standard deviation.
-Corn (feed number 5501, crude protein: 7.6 ± 0.3% by weight, crude fat: 3.8 ± 0.4% by weight, crude fiber 1.7 ± 0.2% by weight)
-Brown rice (feed number 5601, crude protein: 7.5 ± 0.6% by weight, crude fat: 2.7 ± 0.5% by weight, crude fiber 0.7 ± 0.3% by weight)
-Polished rice (feed number 5611, crude protein: 6.8 ± 0.6% by weight, crude fat: 0.5 ± 0.2% by weight, crude fiber 0.2 ± 0.1% by weight)
-Soybean meal (feed number 7451, crude protein: 45.0 ± 1.4% by weight, crude fat: 1.9 ± 0.6% by weight, crude fiber 5.3 ± 0.6% by weight)
Rapeseed meal (feed number 7501, crude protein: 37.3 ± 1.4% by weight, crude fat: 2.9 ± 0.7% by weight, crude fiber 9.4 ± 0.8% by weight)
-Corn gluten meal (feed number 7771, crude protein: 63.7 ± 3.0% by weight, crude fat: 2.5 ± 1.8% by weight, crude fiber 0.8 ± 0.6% by weight)
-Corn distilers grain soluble (DDGS; feed number 6588, crude protein: 26.2 ± 1.6% by weight, crude fat: 11.0 ± 1.3% by weight, crude fiber 7.0 ± 0.7% by weight) %)
-Wheat bran (feed number 6151, crude protein: 15.7 ± 0.9% by weight, crude fat: 4.3 ± 0.5% by weight, crude fiber 9.5 ± 0.6% by weight)
-Corn gluten feed (feed number 6331, crude protein: 20.9 ± 1.5% by weight, crude fat: 3.6 ± 1.2% by weight, crude fiber 7.5 ± 1.3% by weight)
-Animal fats and oils (feed number 8950, crude fat: 99.0% by weight)
Experiment 1
1-1. Preparation of feed The control feed 1 is shown in the table so as to meet the requirements for the spawning season (when the daily egg production is 56 g) of the egg chicken described in "Japan Livestock Industry Association (2011 edition)" (Central Livestock Industry Association). It was prepared based on the formulation shown in 1-1. For the component values of the raw materials, the values described in the "Japanese Standard Feed Ingredient Table (2009 version)" were used. Then, the control feed 1 and each raw material were mixed at a ratio of 7: 3 to prepare each test group feed. The water content was in the range of 10 to 13% by weight. Other raw materials listed in Table 1-1 include, in addition to calcium compounds, vitamins, minerals, methionine for aligning the amino acid composition and the like as trace components.
１−２．鳥類への給餌
鳥類として採卵鶏を選択し、調製した対象飼料１及び各試験飼料を下記の条件で給餌した。
（給餌試験条件）
・試験期間：４日間以上の予備試験期間の後、３日間の給餌
・供試鶏：白色レグホーン種（ジュリアライト）
・日齢：給与開始時において約３６５日齢
・羽数：対象区１及び各試験区について３羽
・給与方法：１羽あたり１００ｇ／日の制限給餌（自由飲水）
１−３．糞の分析
各飼料を給餌した３日間、全糞を採取して観察し、重量を測定した。対照飼料１を給餌した試験区における糞重量を１００として、各試験区における糞重量を評価した。
1-2. Feeding to birds Egg-laying chickens were selected as birds, and the prepared target feed 1 and each test feed were fed under the following conditions.
(Feeding test conditions)
・ Test period: After a preliminary test period of 4 days or more, feeding for 3 days ・ Test chicken: White leghorn breed (Julia light)
・ Day age: Approximately 365 days at the start of salary ・ Number of birds: 3 birds in target group 1 and each test group ・ Feeding method: Limited feeding (free drinking water) of 100 g / day per bird
1-3. Analysis of feces All feces were collected, observed and weighed for 3 days after feeding each feed. The stool weight in each test group was evaluated with the stool weight in the test group fed with the control feed 1 as 100.
表１−２および図１の結果から明らかなように、対照飼料１に米を配合した飼料を給餌することによって、糞重量が減少した。なお、糞の性状は、試験区間で大きな差は見られず、対照飼料に米を配合した飼料を給餌することによって、軟便または水様便になることはなかった。 As is clear from the results in Table 1-2 and FIG. 1, the weight of feces was reduced by feeding the control feed 1 with a feed containing rice. There was no significant difference in the properties of feces between the test sections, and feeding a feed containing rice as a control feed did not result in loose stools or watery stools.
実験２
２−１．飼料の調製
対照飼料２を、「日本飼養標準 家禽（２０１１年版）」に記載される卵用鶏の産卵期（日産卵量５６ｇの場合）の要求量を満たすように、表２−１に示す配合に基づいて調製した。原料の成分値は、「日本標準飼料成分表（２００９年版）」に記載の数値を利用した。また、試験飼料２を、「日本飼養標準 家禽（２０１１年版）」に記載される卵用鶏の産卵期（日産卵量５６ｇの場合）の要求量を満たし、かつ、対照飼料２の代謝エネルギー２，８００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ及びメチオニン０．３０重量％、リジン０．６５重量％、カルシウム３．６重量％、有効リン０．２２重量％と同等になるように、表２−１に示す配合に基づいて調製した。米の含有量は２３重量部とした。なお、水分含有量は１０〜１３重量％の範囲とした。表２−１に記載のその他の原料には、カルシウム化合物のほか、微量成分としてビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸組成を揃えるためのメチオニンなどが含まれる。なお、ここでは、大豆粕、ナタネ粕、コーングルテンミールを併せて植物性ミールと称する。
Experiment 2
2-1. Preparation of feed The control feed 2 is shown in Table 2-1 so as to meet the requirements for the spawning season (when the daily egg production is 56 g) of the egg chicken described in "Japanese Standard Poultry (2011 Edition)". Prepared based on the formulation. For the component values of the raw materials, the values described in the "Japanese Standard Feed Ingredient Table (2009 version)" were used. Further, the test feed 2 satisfies the required amount of the egg-laying period (when the daily egg production amount is 56 g) described in "Japanese standard poultry (2011 version)", and the metabolic energy 2 of the control feed 2 is satisfied. , 800 kcal / kg and 0.30% by weight of methionine, 0.65% by weight of lysine, 3.6% by weight of calcium, 0.22% by weight of effective phosphorus based on the formulation shown in Table 2-1. Prepared. The content of rice was 23 parts by weight. The water content was in the range of 10 to 13% by weight. In addition to calcium compounds, the other raw materials shown in Table 2-1 include vitamins, minerals, methionine for aligning the amino acid composition, and the like as trace components. Here, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and corn gluten meal are collectively referred to as vegetable meal.
２−２．鳥類への給餌
鳥類として採卵鶏を選択し、調製した対象飼料２及び試験飼料２を下記の条件で給餌した。
（給餌試験条件）
・試験期間：３ヶ月間
・供試鶏：白色レグホーン種（ジュリアライト）
・日齢：給与開始時において約６２０日齢
・羽数：対象区２及び試験区２について約２５０００羽
・飼育環境：千葉県内の生産農場におけるウインドウレス鶏舎（直立８段ケージ）
・給与方法：不断給餌（自由飲水）
２−３．糞の分析
２日に１回の除糞時に重量計を用いて全糞の重量を測定した。
2-2. Feeding to birds Egg-laying chickens were selected as birds, and the prepared target feed 2 and test feed 2 were fed under the following conditions.
(Feeding test conditions)
・ Test period: 3 months ・ Test chicken: White leghorn breed (Julia light)
・ Age: Approximately 620 days at the start of salary ・ Number of birds: Approximately 25,000 birds in target area 2 and test area 2 ・ Breeding environment: Windowless poultry house (upright 8-stage cage) at a production farm in Chiba prefecture
・ Salary method: Continuous feeding (free drinking)
2-3. Analysis of feces The weight of all feces was measured using a weigh scale at the time of excretion once every two days.
鶏１羽あたりの１日の糞重量（ｇ）を表２−２に示すが、対照飼料２と比較し、玄米を２３重量部配合した試験飼料２を給餌することによって、糞重量が減少した。ところが、試験飼料２を給餌した試験区では、糞の形状が崩れており、軟便または水様便のような様相であった。このことは、鶏糞処理におけるハンドリングが悪くなることや、鶏舎内の衛生状態が悪くなることから解決すべき課題である。 The daily fecal weight (g) per chicken is shown in Table 2-2. Compared with the control feed 2, the fecal weight was reduced by feeding the test feed 2 containing 23 parts by weight of brown rice. .. However, in the test plot where the test feed 2 was fed, the shape of the feces was deformed, and the appearance was like loose stool or watery stool. This is a problem to be solved because the handling in the cow dung treatment becomes poor and the hygiene condition in the poultry house deteriorates.
実験３
３−１．飼料の調製
試験飼料３−１を、「日本飼養標準 家禽（２０１１年版）」に記載される卵用鶏の産卵期（日産卵量５６ｇの場合）の要求量を満たすように、表３−１に示す配合に基づいて調製した。原料の成分値は、「日本標準飼料成分表（２００９年版）」に記載の数値を利用した。その後、試験飼料３−１に対して下記のように酵素製剤を添加して、試験飼料３−２〜試験飼料３−４の飼料を調製した。すなわち、試験飼料３−１は酵素無添加であり、試験飼料３−２はセルラーゼを含む酵素製剤（ロノザイムＶＰ、ＤＳＭ社、６０繊維糖化力単位／ｋｇ）を０．０２重量部添加、試験飼料３−３はβ−グルカナーゼを含む酵素製剤（ロノザイムマルチグレイン、ＤＳＭ社、１８０００β−グルカン糖化力単位／ｋｇ）を０．０１重量部添加、対照飼料３−４はキシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤（アビザイム１５０２、Ｄａｎｉｓｃｏ社、キシラナーゼ：６０００００キシラン糖化力単位／ｋｇ、アルカリ性プロテアーゼ：６００００００たん白質消化力単位／ｋｇ、アミラーゼ：４５００００でんぷん糖化力単位／ｋｇ）を０．０３５重量部添加した。各酵素活性は、飼料及び飼料添加物の成分規格等に関する省令に記載される試験法により測定し、セルラーゼは繊維糖化力単位、β−グルカナーゼはβ−グルカン糖化力単位、キシラナーゼはキシラン糖化力単位、アルカリ性プロテアーゼはたん白質消化力単位、アミラーゼはでんぷん糖化力単位で表した。なお、水分含有量は１０〜１３重量％の範囲とした。
Experiment 3
3-1. Preparation of feed Table 3-1 so that the test feed 3-1 meets the requirements for the spawning season (when the daily egg production is 56 g) of the egg chicken described in "Japanese Standard Poultry (2011 Edition)". Prepared based on the formulation shown in. For the component values of the raw materials, the values described in the "Japanese Standard Feed Ingredient Table (2009 version)" were used. Then, the enzyme preparation was added to the test feed 3-1 as described below to prepare a feed for the test feed 3-2 to the test feed 3-4. That is, the test feed 3-1 was enzyme-free, and the test feed 3-2 was added with 0.02 parts by weight of an enzyme preparation containing cellulase (Lonozyme VP, DSM, 60 fiber saccharification power unit / kg). 3-3 added 0.01 part by weight of an enzyme preparation containing β-glucanase (Lonozyme multigrain, DSM, 18000 β-glucan saccharifying power unit / kg), and control feed 3-4 contained xylanase, protease and amylase. 0.035 parts by weight of an enzyme preparation (Avizyme 1502, Danisco, xylanase: 600,000 xylane saccharifying power unit / kg, alkaline protease: 6000000 protein digestive power unit / kg, amylase: 450,000 starch saccharifying power unit / kg) was added. Each enzyme activity is measured by the test method described in the ministry ordinance on the component specifications of feeds and feed additives. Cellulase is a fiber saccharification power unit, β-glucanase is a β-glucan saccharification power unit, and xylanase is a xylan saccharification power unit. , Alkaline protease is expressed in protein digestibility unit, and amylase is expressed in starch saccharification power unit. The water content was in the range of 10 to 13% by weight.
また、表３−１に記載のその他の原料には、カルシウム化合物のほか、微量成分としてビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸組成を揃えるためのメチオニンなどが含まれる。なお、ここでは、大豆粕、ナタネ粕、コーングルテンミールを併せて植物性ミールと称する。 In addition to the calcium compounds, the other raw materials shown in Table 3-1 include vitamins, minerals, methionine for aligning the amino acid composition, and the like as trace components. Here, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and corn gluten meal are collectively referred to as vegetable meal.
３−２．鳥類への給餌
鳥類として採卵鶏を選択し、調製した各試験飼料を下記の条件で給餌した。
（給餌試験条件）
・試験期間：４日間以上の予備試験期間の後、３日間の給餌
・供試鶏：白色レグホーン種（ジュリアライト）
・日齢：給与開始時において約４９４日齢
・羽数：各試験区について３羽
・給与方法：１羽あたり１００ｇ／日の制限給餌
３−３．排泄物の分析
各試験飼料を給餌した３日間、全糞を採取して観察し、重量と水分を測定した。表３−２に結果を示す。米を１６重量部含む試験飼料３−１に比べ、さらにキシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤を添加した試験飼料３−４を給餌することによって、糞重量が優位に減少した。実験１及び２の結果から、米を１６重量部含む試験飼料３−１を給餌することでも、糞重量は減少していると推測できるが、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤を添加することで、糞重量を減少させる効果が高まることがわかった。また、糞の性状については、試験区間で大きな差は見られず、軟便または水様便になることはなかった。糞の水分も、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤を添加することによる変化は見られなかった。実験２において、飼料中の米の含有量を高めることで、軟便または水様便になることが示唆されたが、実験３の結果から、飼料中の米の含有量が１６重量部以下であれば、糞の性状に問題はないことがわかった。
3-2. Feeding to birds Egg-laying chickens were selected as birds, and each test feed prepared was fed under the following conditions.
(Feeding test conditions)
・ Test period: After a preliminary test period of 4 days or more, feeding for 3 days ・ Test chicken: White leghorn breed (Julia light)
・ Day age: Approximately 494 days old at the start of feeding ・ Number of birds: 3 birds for each test group ・ Feeding method: Limited feeding of 100 g / day per bird 3-3. Analysis of excrement All feces were collected and observed for 3 days after feeding each test feed, and the weight and water content were measured. The results are shown in Table 3-2. Compared with the test feed 3-1 containing 16 parts by weight of rice, the fecal weight was significantly reduced by feeding the test feed 3-4 further added with the enzyme preparation containing xylanase, protease and amylase. From the results of Experiments 1 and 2, it can be inferred that the fecal weight is also reduced by feeding the test feed 3-1 containing 16 parts by weight of rice, but the enzyme preparation containing xylanase, protease and amylase is added. It was found that the effect of reducing the weight of feces is enhanced. In addition, regarding the properties of feces, no significant difference was observed in the test section, and there was no loose stool or watery stool. The fecal water content was not changed by the addition of the enzyme preparation containing xylanase, protease and amylase. In Experiment 2, it was suggested that increasing the content of rice in the feed resulted in loose stools or watery stools, but from the results of Experiment 3, the content of rice in the feed should be 16 parts by weight or less. For example, it was found that there was no problem with the properties of the feces.
実験４
４−１．飼料の調製
対照飼料４を、「日本飼養標準 家禽（２０１１年版）」に記載される卵用鶏の産卵期（日産卵量５６ｇの場合）の要求量を満たすように、表２−１に示す配合に基づいて調製した。原料の成分値は、「日本標準飼料成分表（２００９年版）」に記載の数値を利用した。また、試験飼料４を、「日本飼養標準 家禽（２０１１年版）」に記載される卵用鶏の産卵期（日産卵量５６ｇの場合）の要求量を満たし、かつ、対照飼料４の代謝エネルギー２，８５０ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ及びメチオニン０．３４重量％、リジン０．７６重量％、カルシウム３．６重量％、有効リン０．２３重量％と同等になるように、表４−１に示す配合に基づいて調製した。米の含有量は２３重量部、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤（アビザイム１５０２）は０．０３５重量部とした。なお、水分含有量は１０〜１３重量％の範囲とした。また、表４−１に記載のその他の原料には、カルシウム化合物のほか、微量成分としてビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸組成を揃えるためのメチオニンなどが含まれる。なお、ここでは、大豆粕、ナタネ粕、コーングルテンミールを併せて植物性ミールと称する。
Experiment 4
4-1. Preparation of feed The control feed 4 is shown in Table 2-1 so as to meet the requirements for the spawning season (when the daily egg production is 56 g) of the egg chickens described in "Japanese Standard Poultry (2011 Edition)". Prepared based on the formulation. For the component values of the raw materials, the values described in the "Japanese Standard Feed Ingredient Table (2009 version)" were used. Further, the test feed 4 satisfies the requirement for the spawning season (when the daily egg production amount is 56 g) of the egg chicken described in "Japanese standard poultry (2011 version)", and the metabolic energy 2 of the control feed 4 is satisfied. , 850 kcal / kg and 0.34% by weight of methionine, 0.76% by weight of lysine, 3.6% by weight of calcium, 0.23% by weight of effective phosphorus, based on the formulation shown in Table 4-1. Prepared. The rice content was 23 parts by weight, and the enzyme preparation containing xylanase, protease, and amylase (Avizyme 1502) was 0.035 parts by weight. The water content was in the range of 10 to 13% by weight. In addition to the calcium compounds, the other raw materials shown in Table 4-1 include vitamins, minerals, methionine for aligning the amino acid composition, and the like as trace components. Here, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and corn gluten meal are collectively referred to as vegetable meal.
４−２．鳥類への給餌
鳥類として採卵鶏を選択し、調製した対象飼料４及び試験飼料４を下記の条件で給餌した。
（給餌試験条件）
・試験期間：２ヶ月間
・供試鶏：白色レグホーン種（ジュリアライト）
・羽数：対象区４は約２３万羽（約３３０日齢）、試験区４は２．７万羽（約２７０日齢）
・飼育環境：千葉県内の生産農場におけるウインドウレス鶏舎（直立８段ケージ）
・給与方法：不断給餌（自由飲水）
４−３．排泄物の分析
２日に１回の除糞時に重量計を用いて全糞の重量を測定した。
4-2. Feeding to birds Egg-laying chickens were selected as birds, and the prepared target feed 4 and test feed 4 were fed under the following conditions.
(Feeding test conditions)
・ Test period: 2 months ・ Test chicken: White leghorn breed (Julia light)
-Number of birds: Target group 4 has about 230,000 birds (about 330 days old), and test group 4 has about 27,000 birds (about 270 days old).
・ Breeding environment: Windowless poultry house (upright 8-stage cage) at a production farm in Chiba Prefecture
・ Salary method: Continuous feeding (free drinking)
4-3. Analysis of excrement The weight of all feces was measured using a weigh scale at the time of excretion once every two days.
鶏１羽あたりの１日の糞重量（ｇ）を表４−２に示すが、対照飼料２と比較し、米を２６重量部、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤を０．０３５重量部配合した試験飼料４を給餌することによって、糞重量が明らかに減少した。また、糞の性状については、対照飼料２と比較し、試験飼料４を給餌することによって大きな差は見られず、軟便または水様便になることはなかった。糞の水分も変化は見られなかった。 The daily feces weight (g) per chicken is shown in Table 4-2. Compared with the control feed 2, 26 parts by weight of rice and 0.035 parts by weight of an enzyme preparation containing xylanase, protease and amylase. Feeding the compounded test feed 4 clearly reduced the weight of the feces. In addition, regarding the properties of feces, no significant difference was observed by feeding the test feed 4 as compared with the control feed 2, and loose stools or watery stools did not occur. There was no change in the water content of the feces.
このことから、飼料に一定以上の米を配合した上で、さらに、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼを含む酵素製剤を飼料に添加することによって、糞の性状に問題なく、糞重量を減少させることができた。 From this, it is possible to reduce the weight of feces without any problem in the properties of feces by adding an enzyme preparation containing xylanase, protease, and amylase to the feed after adding a certain amount of rice to the feed. rice field.
Claims (5)
１３重量％以上の米を含有し、キシラナーゼ、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼからなる群より選択される１以上の酵素が配合された、上記飼料。 It is a feed for reducing the fecal weight of monogastric livestock.
The feed containing 13% by weight or more of rice and containing one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of xylanase, protease and amylase.
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