JP2021124140A - Hydrogen supply system and integrated heat control system - Google Patents

Abstract

To supply hydrogen with high thermal efficiency in a system carrying out hydrogen generation and hydrogen storage.SOLUTION: A hydrogen supply system for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen shipping/using facility includes: a water electrolytic device for producing hydrogen; a hydrogen storage device for storing and releasing the hydrogen; a shipping device for delivering the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage device; a hot heat tank for storing a heat medium; a cold heat tank for storing a coolant; a heat pump used for warming the hot heat tank and cooling the cold heat tank; a medium movement section for moving the heat medium and the coolant between the hot heat tank and the cold heat tank and the respective devices; and a control section for controlling the hydrogen supply system. The control section controls so that the water electrolytic device is at a prescribed temperature during operation at least, and controls the movement of the heat medium and the coolant so as to correspond with absorption and release of the hydrogen by the hydrogen storage device.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a hydrogen supply system that produces hydrogen in a water electrolyzer and supplies the produced hydrogen to a hydrogen shipping facility or a hydrogen utilization facility, and an integrated heat control system that controls the heat of the hydrogen supply system.

Conventionally, when hydrogen produced by a hydrogen generator such as a water electrolyzer is supplied, hydrogen is temporarily stored in a hydrogen storage device and supplied to a hydrogen shipping facility or a hydrogen utilization facility. Examples of hydrogen shipping equipment include hydrogen gas canisters, hydrogen gas cylinders, hydrogen gas curdles, hydrogen gas trailers, pipelines, and hydrogen stations as secondary shipping equipment. Hydrogen utilization equipment includes boilers, fuel cells, industrial process utilization, fuel cell vehicles via secondary shipping equipment, hydrogen powered ships, hydrogen powered aircraft, construction machinery and the like.
Conventionally, this type of device has been devised to improve energy efficiency. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a power supply system including a hydrogen generator, a hydrogen storage device, a fuel cell power generation device, and a hot water storage tank, and supplies exhaust heat generated by the fuel cell power generation device to the hot water storage tank. , The heat is used for hydrogen release from the hydrogen storage device. In addition, a low-temperature heat load, a high-temperature heat load, a heat pump, etc. are used to control the temperature of the hot water storage tank.
Further, in Patent Document 2, storage is performed in a heat utilization system including a water electrolyzer, a storage device for storing heat generated by the water electrolyzer, and a device connected to the storage device that requires a heat source. The heat stored in the device can be used in the device.

Japanese Patent No. 5976950 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-99985

In the proposed Patent Documents 1 and 2, energy efficiency is improved by effectively utilizing the exhaust heat of the water electrolysis device or the fuel cell, but the hydrogen generator, which is the core of the hydrogen supply system, efficiently heats the hydrogen generator. Is not intended to supply and ultimately increase the energy efficiency of the entire system. It is known that the energy required by a water electrolyzer that generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water is a combination of electrical energy and thermal energy, and conventional water electrolyzers generate it inside a stack. The heat generated by various types of electrical resistance is used as a heat source. Therefore, when using fluctuating power, performing intermittent operation, continuing low power operation, or using a high-performance electrolytic cell that generates less heat, the amount of heat generated decreases, and the efficiency of the hydrogen generation system Is declining.
The conventional system uses the exhaust heat generated by water electrolysis to improve the efficiency of peripheral devices other than the water electrolysis device, and does not mention the improvement of the efficiency of the water electrolysis device itself. It is possible to propose a system that supplies heat from the outside, but there are problems with additional costs and energy consumption.

The present invention has been made in the context of the above circumstances, and integrates heat generated from a hydrogen supply system, a water electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage device, a shipping device, and related equipment, and even the pressure of hydrogen using heat. Optimal operation of the heat required for the highly efficient operation of the water electrolysis stack of the water electrolysis device by using the heat inside the system with a heat pump with high heat efficiency to maximize the efficiency of the hydrogen supply system. The purpose is to provide an integrated thermal control system.

That is, the first form of the hydrogen supply system of the present invention is
A hydrogen supply system that supplies hydrogen to hydrogen shipping / utilization equipment.
A water electrolyzer for producing hydrogen,
A hydrogen storage device for storing and releasing hydrogen,
A shipping device for discharging the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage device,
A heating tank that stores the heat medium and
A cold tank for storing refrigerant and
The heat pump used to heat the hot tank and cool the cold tank,
A medium moving unit that moves the heat medium and the refrigerant between the hot tank, the cold heat tank, and each device.
It has a control unit that controls the hydrogen supply system, and has
The control unit controls the movement of the heat medium and the refrigerant so as to at least bring the water electrolyzer to a predetermined temperature during operation and to correspond to the absorption and release of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. It is characterized by doing.

The hydrogen supply system of the second aspect is characterized in that, in the invention of the above-described embodiment, the shipping device is any one or more of a compression device, a methanation device, and an ammonia generating device.

In the invention of the third embodiment, the water electrolyzer is a solid polymer type water electrolyzer.

In the invention of the fourth embodiment, the heat medium of the heating tank stores at least the high temperature state of the water electrolyzer.

In the invention of the fifth embodiment, the heat medium of the heating tank heats the stack of the water electrolyzer.

The hydrogen supply system of the sixth aspect is characterized in that, in the invention of the above-described embodiment, the temperature of the heating tank is maintained at a predetermined temperature.

The hydrogen supply system of the seventh embodiment is a double-bundle heat pump capable of simultaneously producing hot and cold heat required for the hydrogen supply system in the invention of the above-described embodiment, and the double-bundle heat pump heats the heating tank. Then, the cooling / heating tank is cooled.

The hydrogen supply system of the eighth embodiment has, in the invention of the embodiment, a rectifier that rectifies the electric power supplied to the water electrolyzer.
The exhaust heat of the rectifier is utilized to enable heating of the cold bath.

In the hydrogen supply system of the ninth aspect, in the invention of the above-described embodiment, the water electrolyzer has a circulating water path for supplying and filtering pure water, and the circulating water path is self-heating by the water electrolyzer. Is possible.

The hydrogen supply system of the tenth aspect includes the hydrogen dehumidifying tower for dehumidifying the hydrogen generated in the water electrolyzer in the invention of the said embodiment.
It has a hydrogen regeneration compressor that recovers hydrogen used in the regeneration step of the hydrogen dehumidification tower.

In the invention of the eleventh embodiment, the hydrogen regeneration compressor recovers dry hydrogen used in the dehumidifying tower regeneration step performed when the adsorption type dehumidifying tower is saturated, and again. It is characterized in that it is recirculated to the water electrolyzer side.

In the invention of the twelfth aspect, the control unit uses the heat medium for the water electrolyzer and the heat medium for the water electrolyzer so that the water electrolyzer does not exceed the upper limit temperature during operation. It is characterized by controlling the movement of the refrigerant.

In the invention of the thirteenth embodiment, in the invention of the above-described embodiment, in the medium moving portion, a relatively low temperature heat medium is returned to the lower side of the heating tank, and heat having a temperature different depending on the state of the water electrolyzer. The medium is returned to the middle portion of the heating tank, and the relatively high temperature heat medium is returned to the upper side of the heating tank.

In the invention of the fourteenth aspect, the control unit thermally drives the hydrogen storage device at a predetermined temperature at the time of hydrogen release in the hydrogen storage device. ..

In the invention of the fifteenth aspect, the temperature is the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device corresponding to the compression capacity of the compression device when the compression device is provided as the shipping device. The temperature is set higher than the temperature used at the equilibrium hydrogen pressure defined by the storage alloy.

In the invention of the 16th embodiment, the control unit stores and releases hydrogen so that the remaining amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is within a predetermined range. It is characterized by doing.

In the hydrogen supply system of the seventeenth aspect, in the invention of the above-described embodiment, the control unit is based on at least the operation of the water electrolyzer and the operation of the hydrogen storage device based on the remaining amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device. It is characterized by controlling the operation and the operation of the compressor.

In the invention of the above-described embodiment, the hydrogen supply system of the eighteenth embodiment includes a first hydrogen path provided between the water electrolyzer and the hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen storage device and hydrogen shipment / via the compression device. The second hydrogen path provided between the facility to be used and the second hydrogen path located on the upstream side of the compression device are connected by bypassing the hydrogen storage device. It is characterized by having a bypass route.

In the invention of the nineteenth aspect, the control unit is based on the operating state of the water electrolyzer, the operating state of the shipping device / utilization facility, and the remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. In the first supply step of supplying only hydrogen generated in the water electrolyzer through the bypass path to the shipping device, and in the hydrogen generated in the water electrolyzer and the hydrogen storage device via the bypass path. A second supply step of supplying the released hydrogen to the shipping device, and a third supply of stopping hydrogen generation in the water electrolyzer and supplying only the hydrogen released in the hydrogen storage device to the shipping device. It is characterized by executing a process.

The hydrogen supply system of the twentieth aspect is the invention of the above-mentioned embodiment, in which the control unit stops the operation of the shipping apparatus as a subsequent step of the third supply step and water until a predetermined hydrogen storage amount is reached. The hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer is stored in the hydrogen storage device.

In the invention of the 21st embodiment, the water electrolyzer is operated by using electric power generated by renewable energy.

The hydrogen supply system of the 22nd embodiment is characterized in that, in the invention of the embodiment, hot water recovered from the exhaust heat generated by the compression device is sent to the heating tank.

Among the integrated thermal control systems of the present invention, the first embodiment includes all of the water electrolyzers, hydrogen storage devices, shipping devices, or water electrolyzers that constitute the hydrogen supply system of any of the above-described embodiments. The supply of hot and cold heat required by two or more devices is controlled and supplied.

The invention of another form of the integrated heat control system is an integrated type that controls the supply of hot and cold heat independently of the hydrogen supply system control unit that controls the hydrogen supply in the hydrogen supply system. It has a thermal control system control unit.

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve at least the operating efficiency of the water electrolyzer and improve the energy conversion efficiency from electric power to hydrogen of the hydrogen supply system by using the heat medium and the refrigerant.

It is the schematic of the hydrogen supply system which is one Embodiment of this invention. Similarly, it is an overall view which shows the flow of a heat medium and a refrigerant. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the flow of a heat medium and a refrigerant with respect to a water electrolyzer, a hydrogen regeneration compressor and a rectifier. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the flow of a heat medium and a refrigerant with respect to a hydrogen storage apparatus. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the flow of a heat medium and a refrigerant with respect to a compression device. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the detail of the flow of a heat medium and a refrigerant with respect to a water electrolyzer. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the flow of hydrogen in a steady operation, a maximum operation, and a minimum operation. It is a figure which shows the estimation relationship of the required heat quantity and the cumulative heat quantity at the time of cooling and heating each of a water electrolysis apparatus, a hydrogen storage apparatus, and a compression apparatus independently. In this embodiment, it is a figure which shows the estimation relationship of the required heat quantity and the cumulative heat quantity at the time of cooling and heating by combining the water electrolysis apparatus, the hydrogen storage apparatus, and the compression apparatus. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the relationship between the remaining amount of hydrogen, the amount of hydrogen produced, and the amount of hydrogen discharged. Similarly, it is a figure which shows the PCT diagram of the hydrogen storage alloy. It is a figure which shows the cycle characteristic of a hydrogen storage alloy when hydrogen absorption | release was carried out in a predetermined range. An example of modification of the embodiment in which a metanation device is used as a shipping device is shown.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an outline of a hydrogen supply system 1 which is an embodiment of the present invention.
The hydrogen supply system 1 has a water electrolyzer 60, and the water electrolyzer 60 is connected to a rectifier 10 to which the power system 90A is connected via a power supply path 91. The rectifier 10 rectifies the electric power supplied to the water electrolyzer 60. Further, the rectifier 10 is controlled by the hydrogen supply system control unit 100A to supply arbitrary electric power to the water electrolyzer 60 on the output side.
An external power system may be connected to the power system 90A, or power output from a renewable energy power generation facility such as solar power or a wind turbine may be supplied. In this embodiment, electric power generated from a renewable energy power generation device such as photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation or electric power caused by destabilization of an electric power system is used.

Although the hydrogen supply system 1 is described as having an electric power facility outside the system, a renewable energy power generation facility or the like may be incorporated in the hydrogen supply system 1. Further, the electric power system 90A may be supplied with electric power from both an external electric power system and a renewable energy power generation facility.
In this embodiment, a solid polymer electrolyzer is preferably used as the water electrolyzer 60, but water electrolysis using pure water in a closed system, that is, the temperature of circulating water at which the internal pressure of the closed system does not become a high-pressure gas. It can be applied to a water electrolyzer operating at 180 ° C. or lower.

The hydrogen supply system 1 has a hydrogen storage device 70, and can store and release hydrogen by a hydrogen storage alloy housed therein. In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage device 70 operates by thermal drive. An appropriate material can be used for the hydrogen storage alloy, but the heat medium temperature in the water electrolyzer 60, the heat medium temperature in the hydrogen storage alloy, the equilibrium hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy, and the equilibrium hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy, which will be described later, are shipped in this embodiment. A compression device 80 is provided as an apparatus, and a material for a hydrogen storage alloy can be selected in consideration of the primary pressure of the compression apparatus 80 for compressing hydrogen and the like.
A hydrogen transfer path 92 for transferring hydrogen is connected between the water electrolyzer 60 and the hydrogen storage device 70. In this embodiment, the hydrogen transfer path 92 corresponds to the first hydrogen path of the present invention. The on-off valve 92A is provided in the hydrogen transfer path 92, and the on-off valve 92A controls the transfer of hydrogen in the hydrogen transfer path 92.

The hydrogen storage device 70 includes a thermometer 75 that measures the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy, a pressure gauge 76 that measures the pressure inside the hydrogen storage device 70, and a hydrogen remaining amount meter 77 that measures the remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 70. Is provided, and each measurement result is transmitted to the integrated heat exchange control system control unit 100B of the control unit 100, which will be described later.

A hydrogen transfer path 93 is connected to the hydrogen delivery side of the hydrogen storage device 70, and the other end side of the hydrogen transfer path 93 is connected to the compression device 80. In this embodiment, the hydrogen transfer path 93 corresponds to the second hydrogen path of the present invention. An on-off valve 93A is provided in the hydrogen transfer path 93, and the transfer of hydrogen in the hydrogen transfer path 93 is controlled by the on-off valve 93A.

A compressor is used in the compressor 80, and the hydrogen to be introduced is compressed and discharged to the hydrogen shipping facility or the hydrogen utilization facility via the hydrogen transfer path 95. An on-off valve 95A is provided in the hydrogen transfer path 95 to regulate the movement of hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen transfer path 95.
Further, a bypass transfer path 94 that bypasses the hydrogen storage device 70 is connected between the water electrolyzer 60 and the compression device 80. The bypass transfer path 94 is connected to the hydrogen transfer path 93 on the hydrogen storage device 70 side of the on-off valve 93A, and the on-off valve 93A adjusts the hydrogen pressure of the water electrolyzer 60 and the hydrogen storage device 70 and transfers the hydrogen to the compression device 80. do.
In this embodiment, the compression device 80 is used as the shipping device, but the shipping device is not limited to this, and a methanation device, a methane generator, or the like may be provided as the shipping device. , A plurality of devices may be connected in series or in parallel, or a plurality of shipping devices may be provided and one or two or more of them may be selected and operated.

Further, the hydrogen supply system 1 includes a hot tank 40 for storing hot water as a heat medium and a cold tank 50 for storing cold water as a refrigerant. In this embodiment, water is used as the heat medium and the refrigerant. However, in the present invention, the heat medium and the refrigerant may be composed of a substance other than water.

Since the rectifier 10 generates heat by the operation of rectification and recovers the exhaust heat, it has a path (63, 64) to the cooling / heating tank 50.
Since the water electrolyzer 60 needs to be heated at the time of starting and heated / cooled at the time of steady operation, the water electrolyzer 60 has a route (61 to 64) to each tank as described below.
Since the hydrogen storage device 70 needs to be cooled when absorbing hydrogen and heated when releasing hydrogen, it has a route (71 to 74) to each tank.
The compression device 80 has paths (82 to 84) to the respective tanks because it is necessary to send the generated exhaust heat to the cold and hot tanks and cool it in a steady state.
Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given.

A heat pump 20 is connected to the heating tank 40 by a heating tank heat pump going line 41 and a heating tank heat pump return line 42, and the water sent from the heating tank 40 is heated by the heat pump 20. The heat pump 20 corresponds to a heating unit.
An on-off valve 41A is provided in the hot tank heat pump going line 41 to control the movement of water between the hot tank 40 and the heat pump 20. The heating tank heat pump going line 41 is connected to the lower side of the heating tank 40, and the heating tank heat pump return line 42 is connected to the upper side of the heating tank 40. As a result, hot water that is on the lower side of the heating tank 40 and has a relatively low temperature can be taken out and effectively heated by the heat pump 20, and by returning this to the upper side of the heating tank 40, the heating tank can be used. The temperature on the upper side of 40 can be maintained at a relatively high temperature such as a predetermined temperature. The heat pump 20 can cool the water in the cooling tank 50 by the double bundle, and the details thereof will be described later based on FIG.

Further, the cooling tower 30 for the purpose of removing unexpectedly high heat is connected to the cooling tank cooling tower going line 51 and the cooling tank cooling tower return line 52, and the water sent from the cooling tank 50 is cooled by the cooling tower 30.
An on-off valve 51A is provided in the cooling tank cooling tower going line 51 to control the movement of water between the cooling tank 50 and the cooling tower 30. The cooling tank cooling tower going line 51 is connected to the upper side of the cooling tank 50, and the cooling tank cooling tower return line 52 is connected to the lower side of the cooling tank 50. As a result, cold water that is on the upper side of the cooling tank 50 and has a relatively high temperature can be taken out and effectively cooled by the cooling tower 30, and by returning this to the lower side of the cooling tank 50, the cooling tank 50 The lower side of the can be kept cooler.

A hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61 is connected to the upper side of the hot tank 40, and the other end side of the hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61 is connected to the water electrolyzer 60. An on-off valve 61A is provided in the hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61, and the movement of hot water in the hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61 is controlled by the on-off valve 61A.

In the water electrolyzer 60, the hot water sent in the hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61 is heat-exchanged, and when the temperature of the water electrolyzer 60 is low (at the start of operation, etc.), the heat of the hot water is transferred to water. The electrolyzer 60 is heated. A hot tank water electrolyzer return line 62 is connected to the water electrolyzer 60, and the hot water whose heat has been exchanged moves in the water electrolyzer 60. The other end side of the hot tank water electrolyzer return line 62 is connected to the vicinity of the central height of the hot tank 40, that is, the intermediate portion.
By configuring the hot water supplied to the water electrolyzer 60 to supply stable hot water at a high temperature, there is an effect that the water electrolyzer 60 can be operated with high efficiency.

An on-off valve 62A is provided in the hot tank water electrolyzer return line 62, and the flow of hot water flowing through the hot tank water electrolyzer return line 62 is controlled. By connecting the above line to the heating tank 40, the hot water having a relatively high temperature is on the upper side of the heating tank 40, and the hot water having a relatively low temperature is near the central height of the heating tank 40, and the hot water in the heating tank 40 is located. Suppress the temperature drop of hot water.
The hot tank water electrolyzer forward line 61, the on-off valve 61A, the hot tank water electrolyzer return line 62, and the on-off valve 62A form a part of the medium moving portion of the present invention. These lines have pumps (not shown).

Further, a heating tank hydrogen storage device going line 71 is connected to the relatively upper side of the heating tank 40, and the other end side of the heating tank hydrogen storage device going line 71 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 70. An on-off valve 71A is provided on the downstream side of the hot tank hydrogen storage device going line 71, and the movement of hot water in the hot tank hydrogen storage device going line 71 is controlled by the on-off valve 71A.

Hot tank hydrogen storage device The hot water sent by the outgoing line 71 heats the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage device 70 and promotes the release of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy in which hydrogen is stored. A hot tank hydrogen storage device return line 72 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 70, and hot water whose heat has been exchanged moves in the hydrogen storage device 70. The other end side of the heating tank hydrogen storage device return line 72 is connected to a relatively lower side of the heating tank 40. An on-off valve 72A is connected to the downstream side of the hot tank hydrogen storage device return line 72. The movement of hot water in the hot tank hydrogen storage device return line 72 is controlled by the on-off valve 72A.
Due to the connection of the line to the heating tank 40, the hot water having a relatively high temperature is on the upper side of the heating tank 40, the hot water having a relatively low temperature is on the lower side of the heating tank 40, and the temperature of the hot water in the heating tank 40. Suppress the decline.
The heating tank hydrogen storage device going line 71, on-off valve 71A, the heating tank hydrogen storage device returning line 72, on-off valve 72A, and a part of the medium moving portion of the present invention are formed. These lines have pumps (not shown).

Next, in the cold / hot tank 50, the cold / hot tank water electrolyzer going line 63 is connected to the lower side of the cold / hot tank 50, and the other end side of the cold / hot tank water electrolyzer going line 63 is connected to the water electrolyzer 60. Has been done. An on-off valve 63A is provided in the cold tank water electrolyzer going line 63, and the movement of cold water in the cold tank water electrolyzer going line 63 is controlled by the on-off valve 63A.
Further, the cooling / heating tank water electrolyzer going line 63 is branched on the downstream side of the on-off valve 63A and connected to the rectifier 10.

In the water electrolyzer 60, the cold water sent in the cold tank water electrolyzer going line 63 is heat-exchanged, and when it is necessary to cool the temperature of the water electrolyzer 60, the water electrolyzer 60 is cooled by the cold water and water is used. The electrolyzer 60 is controlled so as not to exceed the upper limit temperature. A cold tank water electrolyzer return line 64 is connected to the water electrolyzer 60, and the cold water heat-exchanged in the water electrolyzer 60 moves. The other end side of the return line 64 of the cold tank water electrolyzer is connected to a relatively upper side of the cold tank 50.

Further, in the rectifier 10, the cooling / heating tank water electrolyzer return line 64 branches on the downstream side of the on-off valve 64A and is connected to the rectifier 10 via the on-off valve 64B.
In the rectifier 10, when the on-off valve 64B is opened, the cold water of the cold water tank water electrolyzer going line 63 flows in, the exhaust heat generated during operation is recovered, and the cold water recovered through the cold tank water electrolyzer return line 64 is discharged. It is sent to the cooling / heating tank 50. The rectifier 10 generally adopts a water-cooled type in order to package it compactly, but in the present embodiment, the cold heat required for stable heat supply by the double-handled high-efficiency heat pump described later. The rectifier 10 is used as a stable heat source for the tank 50.

The cold tank water electrolyzer return line 64 is provided with an on-off valve 64A and an on-off valve 64B, and the movement of cold water flowing through the cold tank water electrolyzer return line 64 is controlled.
Due to the connection of the line to the cold tank 50, the relatively high temperature cold water is on the upper side of the cold tank 50, the relatively low temperature cold water is on the lower side of the cold tank 50, and the temperature of the cold water in the cold tank 50. Suppress the rise.
The cold tank water electrolyzer forward line 63, the on-off valve 63A, the cold-heat tank water electrolyzer return line 64, and the on-off valves 64A, 64B form a part of the medium moving portion of the present invention. These lines have pumps (not shown).

Further, a cold tank hydrogen storage device going line 73 is connected to the lower side of the cold tank 50, and the other end side of the cold tank hydrogen storage device going line 73 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 70. An on-off valve 73A is provided on the cold tank hydrogen storage device outbound line 73, and the movement of cold water in the cold / hot tank hydrogen storage device outbound line 73 is controlled by the on-off valve 73A.

Cold tank hydrogen storage device The cold water sent by the outgoing line 73 exchanges heat in the hydrogen storage device 70 to cool the hydrogen storage alloy in order to promote hydrogen absorption. A cold tank hydrogen storage device return line 74 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 70, and cold water whose heat has been exchanged moves in the hydrogen storage device 70. The other end side of the cold tank hydrogen storage device return line 74 is connected to a relatively upper side of the cold tank 50. An on-off valve 74A is provided in the cold tank hydrogen storage device return line 74, and controls the movement of cold water flowing through the cold tank hydrogen storage device return line 74.

Due to the connection of the line to the cold tank 50, the relatively high temperature cold water is on the upper side of the cold tank 50, the relatively low temperature cold water is on the lower side of the cold tank 50, and the temperature of the cold water in the cold tank 50. Suppress the rise.
The cold tank hydrogen storage device forward line 73, on-off valve 73A, cold-heat tank hydrogen storage device return line 74, and on-off valve 74A form a part of the medium moving portion of the present invention. These lines have pumps (not shown).

Further, the cooling / heating tank compression device going line 82 is connected to the lower side of the cooling / heating tank 50, and the other end side of the cooling / heating tank compression device going line 82 is connected to the compression device 80. An on-off valve 82A is provided in the cold tank compression device going line 82, and the movement of cold water in the cold tank compression device going line 82 is controlled by the on-off valve 82A.

The cold water sent by the cold bath compressor going line 82 is heat-exchanged by the compression device 80 to cool the compression device 80. A cold tank compression device return line 83 is connected to the compression device 80, and the cold water whose heat has been exchanged moves in the compression device 80. The other end side of the cooling / heating tank compression device return line 83 is connected to the upper side of the cooling / heating tank 50. An on-off valve 83A is provided in the cold tank compression device return line 83 to control the movement of cold water flowing through the cold tank compression device return line 83.
By connecting the line to the cold and hot tank 50, cold water having a relatively low temperature is located on the lower side of the cold and hot tank 50, and the temperature rise of the cold water in the cold and hot tank 50 is suppressed.
The cold tank compression device forward line 82, on-off valve 82A, cold-heat tank compression device return line 83, and on-off valve 83A form a part of the medium moving portion of the present invention. These lines have pumps (not shown).

Further, a compression device heating tank going line 84 is connected to the compression device 80, and the other end side is connected to the upper side of the heating tank 40. An on-off valve 84A is connected to the compressor heating tank going line 84 to control the movement of hot water flowing through the compressor heating tank going line 84.
In the compression device 80, the temperature rise due to adiabatic compression of hydrogen by the compression device 80 and mechanical heat generation due to the piston or the like are generated. Of these, the former sends hot water whose exhaust heat has been recovered by the compression device-heat tank going line 84 to the heat tank 40. The latter is cooled by the cold water flowing through the cold tank compressor forward line 82 and the cold tank compressor return line 83. As a result, the exhaust heat of the compression device 80 can be efficiently recovered.
As a method of shipping hydrogen in a hydrogen supply system, in this case, the adiabatic compression heat of the compressor is used as the heat source of the hot tank and the cooling water is used as the heat source of the cold tank. The same facility can be used for shipping methods that generate waste heat.

Further, the hydrogen supply system 1 has a control unit 100 that controls the entire system.
The control unit 100 includes a CPU, a program that operates on the CPU, a storage unit that stores the program and operation parameters, and the like. The control unit 100 is connected to each device or the like in a controllable manner, and may be connected to each device or the like via a network as well as a wired or wireless connection.
The control unit 100 includes a hydrogen supply system control unit 100A and an integrated thermal control system control unit 100B.

The hydrogen supply system control unit 100A of the control unit 100 is controllably connected to the water electrolyzer 60, and the hydrogen supply system control unit 100A controls the operation of the water electrolyzer 60 including on / off. Further, the hydrogen supply system control unit 100A is controllably connected to the rectifier 10 and controls the operation of the rectifier 10.
The hydrogen supply system control unit 100A is controllably connected to the compression device 80 and controls the operation including the on / off of the compression device.

The integrated heat control system control unit 100B of the control unit 100 is controllably connected to the hydrogen storage device 70, the heat pump 20, the cooling tower 30, the heating tank 40, and the cooling and heating tank 50, and further, the on-off valves 61A and 62A, respectively. It is controllably connected to 63A, 64A, 64B, 71A, 71B, 73A, 74A, 82A, 83A, 84A.
Further, in the heating tank 40 and the cooling tank 50, the temperature of hot water or cold water can be measured with a thermometer (not shown), and the measurement result can be transmitted to the integrated heat control system control unit 100B, and the amount of water stored in each tank can be further increased. It can be measured with a float switch or the like and transmitted to the integrated thermal control system control unit 100B.
Further, the integrated heat exchange control system control unit 100B acquires the measurement results of the thermometer 75, the pressure gauge 76, and the hydrogen remaining amount meter 77 in the hydrogen storage device 70.
The integrated heat control system control unit 100B controls hot water and cold water including the hydrogen storage device 70, the heat pump 20, the cooling tower 30 on / off, the opening / closing operation of each on-off valve, the hot tank 40, and the cold tank 50, and between the devices. Efficient heat management is performed by controlling the movement of hot and cold water in the water.
The integrated heat control system control unit 100B supplies hot and cold heat to the hydrogen storage device 70, the heat pump 20, the cooling tower 30, each on-off valve, the heating tank 40, the cooling tank 50, the rectifier 10, the water electrolyzer 60, and the compression device 80. It constitutes an integrated heat control system that controls and supplies.

In the hydrogen supply system 1, the water electrolyzer 60 receives electric power from the outside to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen storage device 70 absorbs hydrogen and releases hydrogen. The compression device 80 sucks hydrogen and discharges and discharges hydrogen as needed. Each device is controlled by the control unit 100 for measurement, monitoring, and operation / stop.
The water electrolyzer 60, the hydrogen storage device 70, and the compression device 80 described above can be operated in an integrated manner to move the heat medium and the refrigerant, and the system can be made compact.
That is, the exhaust heat generated from the water electrolyzer and other devices is returned to the heating tank 40, and the control unit 100 uses the control unit 100 to store hot water in the hydrogen storage device 70 based on the temperature of the heating tank 40 and the pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage device 70. I am trying to supply to.
In this embodiment, the integrated thermal control system control unit 100B is independent of the hydrogen supply system control unit 100A, and the hydrogen supply system control unit 100A is at the upper level and the integrated thermal control system control unit 100B is located. Although they have a lower relationship, they may operate in parallel, and further, they may operate integrally in the control unit 100 without being separated.

Hereinafter, the above operation will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
In the following figure, the on-off valve of each line is omitted, and the pump is illustrated on the line to explain the flow of hot water and cold water. The numerical values in the figure show an example and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the flow of hot water and cold water as a whole, and integrated heat control is performed.
The heating tank 40 has an open type or a closed type structure, and is intended to store hot water having a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. The hot water taken out from the lower side of the heating tank 40 is sent to the heat pump 20 by the heat pump pump (H) 42P at the heating tank heat pump going line 41, adjusted to a predetermined temperature or higher by the heat pump 20, and is adjusted to a predetermined temperature or higher in the heating tank 20. It is returned to the heating tank 40 by the heat pump pump (H) 42P via the heat pump return line 42 with a feed amount according to the scale of the water electrolyzer. The heat pump 20 and the heat pump pump (H) 42P are operated at the required time.

A heat pump 20 is connected to the cooling / heating tank 50 by a double bundle with the heating / cooling tank 40, and the heat pump 20 corresponds to a cooling unit. The cold water tank 50 is intended to maintain cold water at 30 ° C. or lower, and also functions as a heat source on the low temperature side required when using the heat pump 20, so that a sufficient amount of heat is supplied to the hot water tank 40. However, it functions to utilize the low-temperature waste heat of each device. When the heat pump 20 cools the cold water tank 50, cold water is sent to the cold water tank 50 by the heat pump pump (C) 42P2.
As a function when a large amount of heat is supplied to the cooling / heating tank 50, cold water is introduced from the upper side of the cooling / heating tank 50 into the cooling tower cooling tower going line 51 by the cooling tower pump 51P.

Further, in the overflow pipe 40F connected to the lower side of the heating tank 40, the overflowing hot water having a relatively low temperature can be introduced to the upper side of the cooling tank 50.
Further, in the cold / hot tank 50, a cold / hot tank heater 50A for heating the cold water is provided so that the temperature of the cold water does not become too low, and the cold / hot tank heater 50A is operated according to the temperature of the cold water.

The use of hot water and cold water in the water electrolyzer 60 will be described.
The state of introduction of hot water and cold water into the water electrolyzer 60 is shown in FIG.
In the heating tank 40, the temperature-controlled hot water is introduced into the water electrolyzer 60 from the branch point A of the water electrolyzer 60 via the hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61 by the operation of the No. 1 pump 61P. Since the hot tank water electrolyzer going line 61 is connected to the upper side of the hot tank 40, it has an upper limit temperature. In the No. 1 pump 61P, the flow rate is changed according to the temperature difference between the forward temperature and the return temperature, and an appropriate amount of hot water is sent. The water electrolyzer 60 comprises a solid polymer type water electrolyzer and has a stack 60S. The stack 60S becomes highly efficient by keeping it at a high temperature, but it breaks down when the temperature exceeds the resistance of the material and becomes high, so that the stack 60S is maintained at an appropriate temperature by introducing hot water and cold water.

The hot water is heat-exchanged in the heat exchange 1 of the water electrolyzer 60 to adjust the temperature of the stack 60S. When the temperature of the stack 60S is low, it is heated by hot water, and when the temperature of the stack 60S is high, the temperature of the stack 60S is lowered by the hot water in a heat-removed state. The hot water introduced into the water electrolyzer 60 is heat-exchanged and returned from the branch point B to the intermediate height position of the hot tank 60 via the hot tank water electrolyzer return line 62.

Further, in the water electrolyzer 60, the cold water tank water electrolyzer going line 63 is connected, and cold water whose temperature has been adjusted to 30 ° C. or lower can be introduced into the branch point C by the No. 4 pump 63P. The introduced cold water is returned from the branch point D to the upper side of the cold tank 50 by the cold tank water electrolyzer return line 64.
In the water electrolyzer 60, when the stack 60S is moving to a state where the upper limit temperature is exceeded, the heat exchange 2 cools the stack 60S with cold water to maintain an appropriate temperature range.
The water electrolyzer 60 receives heat from the heating tank 40 when the temperature is lower than the operation set temperature, improves the efficiency of hydrogen generation, distributes heat to the heating tank 40 when the temperature is higher than the operation set temperature, and when the temperature drops. Store as a heat source for heating.

Further, the water electrolyzer 60 has a pure water tank 60W operated under a circulating water path for supplying and filtering pure water, and circulates pure water with the stack 60S. At this time, if it is necessary to cool the pure water, the cold water introduced into the water electrolyzer 60 is used to cool the water via the heat exchanger 3. When it is necessary to heat the circulating pure water, the pure water can be self-heated by heat exchange 4 using the temperature of the stack 60S.
In this embodiment, as described above, the water electrolyzer 60 comprises a polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer and can generate pressure in the stack 60S. By utilizing this pressure, it is possible to reduce the loss due to the shipment of high-pressure hydrogen and improve the efficiency.
In the circulation of pure water, the heat of the heating tank and the cooling tank is hardly used, and self-heating and cooling are performed at the starting point and the ending point of the circulation loop.

The hydrogen generated in the water electrolyzer 60 is dehumidified by the hydrogen dehumidifying tower 60D and compressed by the hydrogen regeneration compressor 65.
The hydrogen dehumidifying tower 60D has a gas-liquid separator (not shown) for purging dry hydrogen for regeneration.
The hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 recovers the dry hydrogen used in the regeneration step of the hydrogen dehumidifying tower 60D performed when the adsorption type hydrogen dehumidifying tower 60D is saturated, and recirculates it to the water electrolyzer 60 side again. The hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 improves the efficiency of the hydrogen supply system by pressurizing the purged hydrogen for dehumidifying tower regeneration to the pressure of the gas-liquid separator.

Further, the cold water in the cold water tank water electrolyzer going line 63 can be used for cooling the hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 via the branch point G. The hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 is cooled via the pump cooler 65C. The cold water used for cooling can be returned to the cold / hot tank 50 from the branch point H via the cold / hot tank water electrolyzer 60 return line 64. The exhaust heat of the hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 can be distributed to the cold heat tank 50 as a heat source on the low temperature side of the double bundle heat pump 20.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the cold water in the cold water electrolyzer going line 63 can cool the rectifier 10 at the branch point M in the rectifier 10 used in the power system 91 via the rectifier cooler 10RC. .. The cold water used for cooling can be returned to the cold / hot tank 50 via the return line 64 of the cold / hot tank water electrolyzer 60 at the branch point N.
In the above example, when cooling the hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 and the rectifier 10, the cold tank water electrolyzer forward line 62 and the cold tank water electrolyzer 60 return line 64 are used, but independent lines are provided for each. It may be a thing.

Next, the use of hot water and cold water in the hydrogen storage device 70 will be described.
The introduction state of hot water and cold water into the hydrogen storage device 70 is shown in FIG.
When releasing the hydrogen occluded in the hydrogen storage device 70, the hot water whose temperature has been adjusted in the heating tank 40 is branched from the hydrogen storage device 70 through the heating tank hydrogen storage device going line 71 by the operation of the No. 2 pump 71P. It is introduced into the hydrogen storage device 70 from point I. Since the hot tank hydrogen storage device going line 71 is connected to the upper side of the hot tank 40, it has a relatively high temperature, and hot water is sent by the No. 2 pump 71P. In the hydrogen storage device 70, the hydrogen storage alloy contained in the introduced hot water is heated to release hydrogen. The hot water used for heating is returned from the branch point J of the hydrogen storage device 70 to the lower side of the hot tank 40 through the return line 72 of the hot tank hydrogen storage device 70. The flow rate of hot water can be controlled by observing the pressure inside the container or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the container.

On the other hand, when hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device 70, cold water adjusted to a temperature equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature in the cold tank 50 is hydrogened through the cold water tank hydrogen storage device going line 73 by the operation of the No. 3 pump 73P. It is introduced into the hydrogen storage device 70 from the branch point K of the storage device 70. At this time, the hydrogen storage alloy is cooled at a predetermined temperature or lower according to the flow rate according to the scale, and the hydrogen sent by the hydrogen regeneration compressor 65 is stored. The cold water used for cooling returns from the branch point L of the hydrogen storage device 70 to the upper side of the cold tank 50 through the cold tank hydrogen storage device return line 74. The flow rate of chilled water can be controlled by observing the pressure inside the container or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the container.
The exhaust heat generated from the water electrolyzer and other devices is returned to the cold bath, and hot water is supplied to the hydrogen storage device based on the temperature of the cold tank and the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage device by the integrated heat control system control unit. It is possible to increase the overall thermal efficiency of the hydrogen supply system.

That is, in the hydrogen storage device 70,
(At the time of hydrogen absorption)
Heat is distributed to a cold / hot tank as a heat source on the low temperature side of a double bundle heat pump.
(At the time of hydrogen release)
When the heat of the heating tank is saturated, it is used to remove the heat of the heating tank. For example, by increasing the pressure of hydrogen to 0.6 MPaG, the compression ratio is reduced to 1/6 compared to the atmospheric pressure. , Reduce the power consumption of the power of the hydrogen compressor.
When the heat of the heating tank is insufficient, the energy efficiency is improved by coordinating with the hydrogen supply system control unit and not compressing the hydrogen.
(When absorption and release are rotating)
When the double bundle heat pump produces the heat required for either absorption or release, the heat required for reverse operation is produced and stored in a hot or cold tank to generate energy related to hydrogen absorption and release. Reduce the input amount.

Next, the use of hot water and cold water in the compression device 80 will be described.
The introduction state of hot water and cold water into the compression device 80 is shown in FIG.
The cold water whose temperature has been adjusted in the cooling / heating tank 50 is introduced into the compression device 80 from the branch point Q of the compression device 80 through the cooling / heating tank compressor going line 82 by the operation of the No. 5 pump 82P. Since the cooling / heating tank compression device going line 82 is connected to the lower side of the cooling / heating tank 50, it has a relatively low temperature, and cold water is sent by the No. 5 pump 82P. In the compression device 80, the compressed device 80 whose temperature is raised by the operation is cooled by the introduced cold water, and the efficiency decrease due to the temperature rise is prevented. The cold water used for cooling is sent from the branch point P of the compression device 80 to the cooling / heating tank compression device return line 83 and returned to the upper side of the cooling / heating tank 50.

Further, since the compression device 80 is composed of several stages of compression cylinders (not shown), the adiabatic compression heat at the time of hydrogen gas compression is as high as 150 ° C. This heat is used to specially heat a part of the exhaust heat of the cooling water, and in a state where the temperature is higher than the temperature of the upper part of the heating tank, it is returned to the upper height position of the heating tank 40 through the heating tank compression device going line 84. Is done.
That is, in the compression device 80, the medium can be heated by using the adiabatic compression heat to a temperature exceeding the upper limit of the heating tank 40, and the heat can be distributed to the heating tank.

Next, the operation in the water electrolyzer will be described with reference to FIG. An example of setting the temperature for control is shown when the heating tank is 70 ° C. and the stack optimum operating temperature is 80 ° C.
The state and procedure of starting the water electrolyzer 60 to raise the temperature will be described.
1. 1. When the water electrolyzer 60 is started, the heat of the previous day is carried over to maintain a temperature sufficient to heat the stack.
2. 3. Start circulation of hot water according to the operation procedure of the water electrolysis device 60 (electrolysis start). The temperature of the heating tank 40 decreases by the sensible heat of the stack and falls below 70 ° C.
4. 4. Start the heat pump to maintain the temperature of the heating tank 40. 6. Supply waste heat of the rectifier 10 that starts at the same time as the water electrolyzer 60 as the heat of the cooling tank 50 required for the operation of the heat pump. The heat of the cooling / heating tank 50 required for the operation of the heat pump is the same as the start of the water electrolyzer 60, and the waste heat of the compression device 80 is also supplied when hydrogen is shipped. The heat of the cooling / heating tank 50 required for the operation of the heat pump is wasted due to hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy inside the hydrogen storage device 70 when hydrogen is not shipped from the compression device 80 when the water electrolysis device 60 is started. Also supplies heat 8. The temperature of the heating tank 40 gradually rises due to the temperature difference from the exhaust heat of the stack of the water electrolyzer 60. The stack of the water electrolyzer 60 starts exhausting heat above the set temperature, and the heat pump is stopped. The heat exchange 1 passively switches from endothermic to heat removal as the circulation temperature rises.
11. When the stack of the water electrolyzer 60 continues the high load operation, it finally rises to the set upper limit value, and the heat removing effect of the heat exchange 1 is lost, so the switch is switched to the heat exchange 2.
12. The circulation of pure water in the circulating water path for water supply and filtration of pure water is self-removing and heating by heat exchange 4. Adjust the temperature of the pure water system with heat exchange 3

Next, the operation in the steady operation state will be described.
1. 1. After startup, power is supplied from the rectifier 10 to the stack of the water electrolyzer 60 by an arbitrary command value from the hydrogen supply system control unit 100A for the water electrolyzer.
2. When the water electrolyzer 60 is used to absorb electric power derived from renewable energy, the electric power is absorbed while absorbing the electric power at the maximum capacity in the transmission line and the intermediate capacity in the vicinity of the renewable energy or in the distribution line. A method that responds to fluctuations by increasing or decreasing is known.
3. 3. The latter method described above, which requires the active supply of heat to the stack, will be described.
4. When shipment begins, assuming the size of 1,500 kW, average power 750kW clogging 180 Nm ³ / h much hydrogen while supplying a stack, the compressor of loading facilities by adding about 200 Nm ³ / h from the hydrogen storage unit Send to.
5. When the temperature of the heating tank 40 is lower than 70 ° C., the heat pump is operated with high efficiency. However, the waste heat of the hydrogen storage alloy inside the hydrogen storage device 70 is supplied to the cooling tank 50 to heat the heating tank 40. And cooling of the cooling and heating tank 50 proceed at the same time. As a result, with respect to the basic conditions of the hydrogen storage alloy in which heat generation and endothermic rotation occur, correspondence to either heat generation endothermic reaction produces heat necessary for the next operation in the opposite direction.
6. When the temperature of the heating tank 40 exceeds 70 ° C., the heat generated by the stack is stored in the heating tank 40 to provide heat for future self-heating.
7. When the compression device 80 is continuously operated, it is possible to supply a temperature higher than the stack temperature due to the heat generated by the adiabatic compression of the hydrogen gas.
8. By supplying this heat to the heating tank 40, a heat medium having a high temperature in the hydrogen generation system is supplied to the equipment required to improve efficiency.
9. The integrated heat control system control unit 100B controls using the heat stored in the heating tank 40 in order to keep the pressure of hydrogen supplied to the shipping device at a minimum of 0.6 MPaG, while the hydrogen supply system control unit controls the heat. High efficiency is achieved by modifying the hydrogen shipping plan according to the temperature of the tank 40.
10. The integrated heat control system control unit 100B constantly monitors the temperature difference between the row and return of the heat medium and the cold heat medium, and reduces the power of each pump by adjusting the flow rate as needed.

Next, the hydrogen transfer pattern according to each of the above states will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
In steady operation, for example, when the water electrolysis output is 1,500 kW and the average operation is performed at the median value of 750 kW, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 7, the shipping equipment (hereinafter referred to as a compression device) is 370 Nm ^3. Assuming that there is a demand for / h, there is an ^{amount of 185 Nm 3} / h generated by water electrolysis, which is sent to the compressor through the bypass path ^{and released from the hydrogen storage device at 185 Nm 3} / h to the compressor. By sending, we meet the demand for compression equipment.
In the water electrolyzer 60, 0.8 MPaG is obtained as the hydrogen pressure, and when the pressure reaches a pressure exceeding 0.8 MPaG by the pressure control valve, hydrogen can be supplied to the line 94. The hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen generated by water electrolysis are combined, adjusted to 0.6 MPaG by the pressure regulating valve 93A, and sent to the compression device. In the compression device, hydrogen is compressed using this pressure as the primary pressure, hydrogen is discharged at the secondary pressure of 19.6 MPaG, and hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen shipping facility or the hydrogen utilization facility.
In the hydrogen storage device, the compressor is replenished with hydrogen until the remaining amount of hydrogen reaches the lower limit. In the hydrogen storage device, measurements are performed by a thermometer 75, a pressure gauge 76, and a hydrogen remaining amount meter 77, and the hydrogen storage device and other devices are controlled by the control unit 100 that receives these measurement results. That is, it has a feature that each device is started and stopped based on the remaining amount of hydrogen in addition to the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage device.
The above step corresponds to the first supply step of the present invention.

When the water electrolysis is operated at maximum, as shown in the second stage of FIG. 7, in this example, the water electrolysis output is set to 1500 kW, and ^{hydrogen of 370 Nm 3} / h is generated by the water electrolysis. The hydrogen pressure at this time is 0.8 MPaG. The hydrogen generated by water electrolysis bypasses the hydrogen storage device at line 94 and supplies hydrogen to the compression device at a pressure of 0.6 MPaG. In the compression device, hydrogen is compressed and 370 Nm ³ / h of hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen shipping facility or the hydrogen utilization facility at a pressure of 19.6 MPaG.
At this time, the hydrogen storage device has passed the hydrogen transfer, and the hydrogen is not stored.
The above step corresponds to the second supply step of the present invention.

In the minimum operation, as shown in the third stage of FIG. 7, the output of water electrolysis is 0 kW and the amount of hydrogen generated is 0 Nm ³ / h. In the hydrogen storage device, ^{hydrogen is released at 370 Nm 3} / h, and hydrogen is introduced into the compressor at a primary pressure of 0.6 MPaG. In the hydrogen compressor, hydrogen is compressed and discharged, and hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen shipping facility or the hydrogen utilization facility at ^{a pressure of 19.6 MPaG and an amount of hydrogen of 370 Nm 3 / h.}
The above step corresponds to the third supply step of the present invention.

After the minimum operation, as shown in the fourth stage of FIG. 7, the operation of the compression device 80, which is the shipping device, is stopped, and the water electrolyzer 60 is output from 0 to 1500 kW in the range of 0 to 370 Nm ² / h of hydrogen. Hydrogen is generated by the amount generated, and hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen imager 70 until a predetermined upper limit is reached.

Next, in order to evaluate the required fuel of the present embodiment, as a conventional method, the required heat amount when the water electrolyzer, the hydrogen storage device, and the compression device were independently cooled and heated and the cumulative heat amount for one week were estimated. The result is shown in FIG.
Next, in the present embodiment, the required heat amount and the cumulative heat amount for one week when the water electrolyzer, the hydrogen storage device, and the compression device are combined to cool and heat are estimated. The result is shown in FIG.
As is clear from FIGS. 8 and 9, in this embodiment, the amount of heat required for cooling and the amount of heat required for heating can be significantly reduced as compared with the result of FIG. 8 by the conventional method.

Specifically, FIGS. 8 and 9 show the simulation results when the hydrogen production rate of the water electrolyzer and the hydrogen absorption / release rate of the hydrogen storage device are set to 370 Nm ³ / h and operated for one week. In the example of FIG. 8, the amount of heat of cooling of the water electrolyzer per week is about 5,400 kWh, the amount of heat of heating required to release hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device is about 2,400 kWh, and the amount of heat of cooling of the compressor is about 540 kWh. It becomes. When these are heat-exchanged using the method of the present embodiment, the amount of heat for cooling is about 4,200 kWh and the amount of heat for heating is about 1,700 kWh as shown in FIG. 9, which is about 30% less than the case where each is treated independently. It becomes possible to.

FIG. 10 shows the remaining amount of hydrogen, the amount of hydrogen produced, and the amount of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage device when each device is operated or stopped based on the remaining amount of the hydrogen storage device (sensor detection).
The amount of hydrogen to be dispensed is fixed except on Saturdays and Sundays, and the amount of hydrogen produced (broken line portion) is carried out up to the amount of hydrogen to be dispensed together with the amount supplied from the hydrogen storage device. The remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device is adjusted in the vicinity of the range specified for each day. However, since hydrogen is not paid out on Saturdays and Sundays, the remaining amount of hydrogen will be increased as much as possible. Since each device is operated and stopped based on the remaining amount of hydrogen, efficient operation can be performed.
The control unit a) predicts the amount of power input to the water electrolyzer, b) measures the operating state of each device and the remaining amount of the hydrogen storage device, and is configured to start / stop each device based on these. Therefore, the power consumption of each device can be reduced and the overall efficiency of the system can be increased.

When calculating the hydrogen storage amount of a hydrogen storage device with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, it is necessary to measure with the absorption and release of hydrogen from the device stopped, which complicates the procedure and causes an error in the storage amount. It can grow and, in some cases, cause the storage container to run out of gas. With the remaining amount sensor, in-situ measurement is possible, and since the remaining amount can be measured more accurately than when using a temperature sensor and pressure sensor, hydrogen production by a water electrolyzer and hydrogen discharge by a compressor are efficient. Can be implemented.

FIG. 11 shows a pressure-composition isotherm diagram (PCT diagram) of the hydrogen storage alloy. Generally, in a hydrogen storage alloy, the hydrogen storage amount decreases as the hydrogen absorption / release cycle is repeated. This factor is roughly divided into internal deterioration due to changes in the metal structure of the alloy itself and external deterioration due to changes in the surface state due to impurities in hydrogen gas. The amount of decrease changes greatly depending on the situation. FIG. 12 shows a plot of the ratio of the number of absorption / release cycles to the initial stage and the amount of hydrogen storage under the three conditions shown in FIG. Condition 2 (0 to 50% absorption / release width) and condition 3 (50 to 100% width) have a smaller reduction rate of the storage amount due to the absorption / release cycle than condition 1 (0 to 100% width). If hydrogen is absorbed and released so that the hydrogen storage device has a certain range (mainly 30% to 60%) of the remaining hydrogen value as in the present invention, the storage amount by the absorption / release cycle of the hydrogen storage device is performed. Can be reduced.

The power consumption P of the compressor can be calculated by Equation 1, and the auxiliary power decreases as the discharge pressure from the hydrogen storage device (= suction pressure of the compressor) increases. In the present embodiment, the power consumption of the compressor can be reduced by about 10% by using the exhaust heat of the water electrolyzer and increasing the discharge pressure from the hydrogen storage device to 0.5 to 0.7 MPaG.
P = K × (P_d / P_S) ^ ((θ-1) / (i × θ)) …… (Equation 1)
Ps: suction pressure, Pd: discharge pressure, θ: specific heat ratio, i: number of compression stages The control unit (EMS) predicts a) the amount of input power to the water electrolyzer, b) the operating state of each device and the hydrogen storage device. By measuring the remaining amount of hydrogen, the operation with the highest power consumption (when the water electrolyzer is stopped, hydrogen is released from the hydrogen storage device, hydrogen is boosted and discharged by the compressor) is reduced as much as possible, and the power consumption is small ( The water electrolyzer can go through the hydrogen storage device at maximum operation, and the hydrogen can be boosted and discharged by the compressor) to increase the operation and increase the energy efficiency of the system.
The efficiency can be further improved by raising the hydrogen release pressure from the hydrogen storage device higher than the equilibrium pressure and raising the suction pressure of the compression device.

The purpose of this embodiment is to improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system by reusing the exhaust heat generated from the water electrolyzer and other devices.
together,
2. By operating and stopping the water electrolyzer and other equipment based on the remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device, excess energy consumption is reduced and the overall thermal efficiency of the system is improved.
3. 3. By absorbing and releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device within a certain range of the remaining amount of hydrogen, the amount of cycle deterioration due to absorption and release of the hydrogen storage alloy is reduced.
4. By increasing the hydrogen discharge pressure from the hydrogen storage device and the suction pressure of the compressor, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced and the overall efficiency of the system is improved.
5. Operation method that maximizes the amount of hydrogen output while suppressing the amount of energy input from the outside. By keeping the temperature of the hot water supplied from the cold bath constant at a high temperature, the overall efficiency of the system is improved.

In the above embodiment, an example in which a compression device is used as the shipping device has been described. As described above, the shipping device is not limited to the compression device, but FIG. 13 shows an example in which the metanation device 110 is used as the shipping device.
In the metanation device 110, exhaust heat can be recovered at a temperature determined by the operation of the device, and instead of the cold tank compression device going line 82, the cold tank metanation device going line 182 and the cold tank compression device return line 83 are replaced. The same operation as that of the above-described embodiment can be performed by using an equivalent line such as the metanation device-heat tank going line 184 instead of the cold tank metanation device return line 183 and the compression device-hot tank going line 84. ..
As described above, the shipping device is not limited to the compression device or the metanation device.

Although the present invention has been described above based on the above-described embodiment, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the above-mentioned description, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments as long as it does not deviate from the scope of the present invention. Appropriate changes are possible.

1 Hydrogen supply system 10 Rectifier 20 Heat pump 30 Cooling tower 40 Heating tank 41 Heating tank Heat pump Forward line 42 Thermal tank Heat pump Return line 50 Cooling tank 51 Cooling tank Cooling tower Forward line 52 Cooling tank Cooling tower Return line 60 Water electrolyzer 60S Stack 61 Electrolyzer going line 62 Hot tank water electrolytic device Return line 63 Cold tank water electrolytic device Going line 64 Cold tank water electrolytic device Return line 70 Hydrogen storage device 71 Hot tank hydrogen storage device Going line 72 Hot tank hydrogen storage device Return line 73 Cold heat Tank hydrogen storage device going line 74 Refrigerating tank hydrogen storage device Return line 75 Thermometer 76 Pressure gauge 77 Hydrogen remaining amount meter 80 Compressor 82 Cold tank compression device Forward line 83 Cold tank compression device Return line 84 Compressor Hot tank going line 91 Power system 92 Hydrogen transfer path 93 Hydrogen transfer path 94 Bypass transfer path 100 Control unit 100A Hydrogen supply system control unit 100B Integrated thermal control system control unit

Claims (24)

A hydrogen supply system that supplies hydrogen to hydrogen shipping / utilization equipment.
A water electrolyzer for producing hydrogen,
A hydrogen storage device for storing and releasing hydrogen,
A shipping device for discharging the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage device,
A heating tank that stores the heat medium and
A cold tank for storing refrigerant and
The heat pump used to heat the hot tank and cool the cold tank,
A medium moving unit that moves the heat medium and the refrigerant between the hot tank, the cold heat tank, and each device.
It has a control unit that controls the hydrogen supply system, and has
The control unit controls the movement of the heat medium and the refrigerant so as to at least bring the water electrolyzer to a predetermined temperature during operation and to correspond to the absorption and release of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. A hydrogen supply system characterized by The hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, wherein the shipping device is any one or more of a compression device, a methanation device, and an ammonia generating device. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water electrolyzer is a polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat medium of the heating tank is at least the high temperature state of the water electrolyzer. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 4, wherein the heat medium of the heating tank heats a stack of the water electrolyzer. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature of the heating tank is maintained at a predetermined temperature. The heat pump is a double-bundle heat pump capable of simultaneously producing hot and cold heat required for a hydrogen supply system, and the double-bundle heat pump heats the hot tank and cools the cold tank. The hydrogen supply system according to item 1. It has a rectifier that rectifies the electric power supplied to the water electrolyzer.
The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which enables heating of the cold bath by utilizing the exhaust heat of the rectifier. The one according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the water electrolyzer has a circulating water path for supplying and filtering pure water, and the circulating water path can be self-heated by the water electrolyzer. Hydrogen supply system. It has a hydrogen dehumidifying tower that dehumidifies the hydrogen generated by the water electrolyzer.
The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a hydrogen regeneration compressor that recovers hydrogen used in the regeneration step of the hydrogen dehumidification tower. The hydrogen regeneration compressor according to claim 10, wherein the hydrogen regeneration compressor recovers dry hydrogen used in the regeneration step of the dehumidification tower performed when the adsorption type dehumidification tower is saturated and recirculates it to the water electrolyzer side again. Hydrogen supply system. The control unit controls the movement of the heat medium and the refrigerant with respect to the water electrolyzer so that the heat medium does not exceed the upper limit temperature during operation of the water electrolyzer. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of the above items. In the medium moving portion, a relatively low temperature heat medium is returned to the lower side of the heating tank, and a heat medium having a temperature different depending on the state of the water electrolyzer is returned to the intermediate portion of the heating tank to generate relatively high temperature heat. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the medium is returned to the upper side of the heating tank. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the control unit thermally drives the hydrogen storage device at a predetermined temperature when hydrogen is released from the hydrogen storage device. .. When the shipping device is provided with a compression device, the temperature is higher than the temperature used at the equilibrium hydrogen pressure defined by the hydrogen storage alloy stored in the hydrogen storage device corresponding to the compression capacity of the compression device. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 14, wherein the temperature is set. One of claims 1 to 15, wherein the control unit stores and releases hydrogen so that the remaining amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is within a predetermined range. The hydrogen supply system described in. The control unit is characterized in that it controls at least the operation of the water electrolyzer, the operation of the hydrogen storage device, and the operation of the compression device based on the remaining amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 16. A first hydrogen path provided between the water electrolyzer and the hydrogen storage device, a second hydrogen path provided between the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen shipping / utilization facility via the compression device, and the above. Claims 1 to 17 include a bypass path that bypasses the hydrogen storage device and connects the first hydrogen path and the second hydrogen path located on the upstream side of the compression device. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of the above items. The control unit generates hydrogen in the water electrolyzer via the bypass path based on the operating state of the water electrolyzer, the operating state of the shipping device / equipment used, and the remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. A first supply step of supplying only hydrogen to the shipping device, and a second supply step of supplying hydrogen generated by the water electrolyzer and hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage device via the bypass path to the shipping device. 18. The third supply step of stopping hydrogen generation in the water electrolyzer and supplying only the hydrogen released in the hydrogen storage device to the shipping device is executed. Hydrogen supply system. As a subsequent step of the third supply step, the control unit stops the operation of the shipping device and stores hydrogen generated by the water electrolyzer until the predetermined hydrogen storage amount is reached in the hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 19. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the water electrolyzer is operated by using electric power generated by renewable energy. The hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein hot water recovered from exhaust heat generated by the compression device is sent to the heating tank. The heat required by all of the water electrolyzers, hydrogen storage devices, shipping devices, or two or more devices including the water electrolyzer device constituting the hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 21. An integrated heat control system that controls and supplies cold heat. The integrated heat control system according to claim 23, which has an integrated heat control system control unit that controls the supply of hot and cold heat independently of the hydrogen supply system control unit that controls the hydrogen supply in the hydrogen supply system. ..

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